Footnotes

Chapter 1 - Introduction

[1]        The confidential hearing occurred on 17 March 2010 with Mr and Mrs Kevin and Christine Fuller, the parents of installer Matthew Fuller who was electrocuted on 14 October 2009. Later, the committee agreed to publish most of the transcript of the hearing.

[2]        The solar hot water rebate is still available.

[3]        See www.aph.gov.au/senate/committee/eca_ctte/eehp/submissions.htm.

[4]        The committee asked for answers to questions on notice arising from the 22 February hearing by 24 February; from the 26 February hearing by 9 March; and from the 25 March hearing by 9 April 2010.

[5]        The committee has published the respective correspondence on its website, see www.aph.gov.au/senate/committee/eca_ctte/eehp/submissions.htm.

[6]        Standing Order 177(2) provides: 'If a committee requires the attendance of a senator as a witness, the chairman shall, in writing, request the senator to attend, and if the senator declines to attend or to give evidence, the committee shall report the matter to the Senate.'

[7]        Hon. G. Combet, Minister Assisting the Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, Insulation component of the Renewable Energy Bonus Scheme will not proceed, media release 22 April 2010.

[8]        Letters from Minister Garrett to the Prime Minister of 27 August, 28 October and 30 October 2009 and related letters; received out of session 27 May 2010; tabled in the Senate on 15 June 2010 pursuant to orders of the Senate 775 and 776 of 12 May 2010.

[9]        Hon. G. Combet, Minister Assisting the Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, Home Insulation Safety Plan, media release 1 April 2010; Tax relief for insulation industry, media release 20 April 2010; Applications open for insulation industry assistance, media release 6 May 2010; Foil Insulation Safety Program underway, media release 6 May 2010; Home Insulation Safety Plan update, media release 15 June 2010.

Chapter 2 - Background and description of the Home Insulation Program

[1]        About 5 per cent of the total product was imported. ICANZ, Submission 18, p. 4.

[2]        ICANZ, Submission 18, p. 4.

[3]        Australian Bureau of Statistics, cat. 4602.0.55.001, Environmental issues: energy use and conservation, March 2008, table 2.16. The sisalation/reflective foil proportion varies considerably across the country from 1 per cent in the ACT to 12.1 per cent in Queensland and 22.1 per cent in the Northern Territory.

[4]        ICANZ, Submission 18, p. 6. The estimate assumes that most 'don't know' responses are from residents with no or inadequate insulation. An ABS 2008 survey had responses 'with insulation' 61.5 per cent; 'without insulation' 19.2 per cent; 'don't know' 19.3 per cent: ABS cat. 4602.0.55.001, Environmental issues: energy use and conservation, March 2008, table 2.12. See also DEWHA, Submission 19, pp 10–11.

[5]        Since 1 January 2003 in most states. Victoria has had thermal performance requirements (overall ceiling/roof R-value of 2.2) since 1983. NSW implemented thermal performance requirements over 2004–2007. DEWHA, Energy Efficient Homes Package - Frequently Asked Questions, www.environment.gov.au/energyefficiency/faqs.html accessed 9 February 2010.

[6]        ICANZ, Submission 18, p. 11.

[7]        ICANZ, Submission 18, p. 12. DEWHA, Submission 19, p. 5. In South Australia installers must be licensed. The requirements of the Building Code of Australia apply only to new construction.

[8]        Mr D. D'Arcy (ICANZ), Committee Hansard, 17 February 2010, p. 70.

[9]        DEWHA, Submission 19, p. 5.

[10]      This section is mostly sourced from Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts (DEWHA), Submission 19.

[11]      Hon. K. Rudd MP, Prime Minister, Energy Efficient Homes – ceiling insulation in 2.7 million homes, media release, 3 February 2009.

[12]      Hon. K. Rudd MP, Prime Minister, $42 billion nation building and jobs plan, media release 3 February 2009. See also Senate Economics References Committee, Government's Economic Stimulus Initiatives, October 2009, pp 3–4, for information on the government's stimulus measures.

[13]      DEWHA, Submission 19, p. 33.

[14]      The name was changed in September 2009 when the separate LEAPR was discontinued and landlords and tenants became eligible for the HIP.

[15]      DEWHA, Submission 19, p. 7. A. Hawke, Review of the Administration of the Home Insulation Program, 6 April 2010, pp 2–3.

[16]      A requirement for a second quote was introduced on 1 December 2009.

[17]      The standards in the Building Code of Australia (BCA) are at paragraph 5.36. The BCA does not apply to retrofitting existing buildings.

[18]      Hon. P. Garrett, Minister for the Environment, Heritage and the Arts, Insulation changes: safety, consumer protections and value for money, media release, 1 November 2009. Contracts made before 2 November remained eligible for up to $1600 providing the work was done on or before 16 November.

[19]      HIP program guidelines version 5, 1 December 2009, p. 10. DEWHA, Submission 19, p. 8.

[20]      This requirement was relaxed for remote locations. DEWHA, Submission 19, p. 15. HIP program guidelines version 5, 1 December 2009, p. 5.

[21]      DEWHA, Submission 19, p. 9.

[22]      DEWHA/DCCEE, answer to question on notice 104 from hearing 26 February 2010 (received 23 March 2010).

[23]      Installer Advice No. 9, 29 September 2009; and No. 12, 26 October 2009.

[24]      Installer Advice No. 9, 29 September 2009.

[25]      DEWHA, Energy Efficient Homes Package – competency requirements for registration on the Installer Provider Register, September 2009.

[26]      DEWHA, Submission 19, pp 6, 9 and 16.

[27]      CPSISC, Submission 5, p. 2. Construction industry pocket book – resource for installers of ceiling insulation.

[28]      DEWHA, Submission 19, p. 26.

[29]      DEWHA, Submission 19, p. 8.

[30]      This made the program requirement more stringent that the relevant Australian Standard, which is satisfied by providing a clearance around downlights: see paragraph 5.7.

[31]      Hon. P. Garrett, Minister for the Environment, Heritage and the Arts, Insulation changes: safety, consumer protections and value for money, media release, 1 November 2009. Update on insulation training requirements, media release, 17 December 2009.

[32]      Hon. P. Garrett, Minister for the Environment, Heritage and the Arts, Insulation safety standards to get a further boost, media release, 30 November 2009. Update on insulation training requirements, media release, 17 December 2009.

[33]      Hon. P. Garrett, Minister for the Environment, Heritage and the Arts, Foil insulation suspended from Home Insulation Program, media release, 9 February 2010. Electrical safety inspections for foil insulation, media release, 10 February 2010.

[34]      The solar hot water rebate continued to be available. Hon. P. Garrett, Minister for the Environment, Heritage and the Arts, Significant changes to Commonwealth environmental programs, media release, 19 February 2010. The reason for closing the Home Insulation Program is not clearly stated in this media release, but appears from other comments around that time: for example Hon. G. Combet, Minister Assisting the Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, House of Representatives Hansard, 10 March 2010, p. 2149ff.

[35]      Hon. P. Garrett, Minister for the Environment, Heritage and the Arts, Significant changes to Commonwealth environmental programs, media release, 19 February 2010.

[36]      Hon. G. Combet, Minister Assisting the Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, Insulation component of the renewable energy bonus scheme will not proceed, media release, 22 April 2010. Dr Hawke's review is described further below.

[37]      Hon. G. Combet, Minister Assisting the Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, House of Representatives Hansard, 10 March 2010, p. 2149ff. Home insulation safety plan, media release, 1 April 2010.

[38]      Hon. G. Combet, Minister Assisting the Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, House of Representatives Hansard, 10 March 2010, p. 2153.

[39]      Hon. G. Combet, Minister Assisting the Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, House of Representatives Hansard, 10 March 2010, p. 2153. The government noted that these survey results may not be representative of all installations, because inspections have to some degree been targeting firms with a poor compliance record.

[40]      Hon. G. Combet, Minister Assisting the Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, House of Representatives Hansard, 10 March 2010, p. 2154.

[41]      Hon. G. Combet, Minister Assisting the Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, Home insulation safety plan, media release, 1 April 2010.

[42]      Dr A. Hawke, Review of the Administration of the Home Insulation Program, 6 April 2010, p. xiii.

[43]      Climate Change and Energy Efficiency Portfolio, Portfolio Budget Statement 2010–11, p. 24.

[44]      Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, Insulation update–15 June 2010. See also DCCEE, answers to questions on notice 68 and 69 from hearing 26 February 2010 (received 25 March and 5 May 2010); and Committee Hansard, 27 May 2010 (Environment, Communications and the Arts Legislation Committee, DCCEE Estimates hearing), p. 71.

[45]      This involves various activities by the Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations: see Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 65ff.

[46]      Eligible businesses, to 4 June 2010, could apply for a one-off cash payment of 15 per cent of the value of their insulation stock holding at 30 April 2010, up to a maximum of $500 000.

[47]      Hon. G. Combet, Minister Assisting the Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, House of Representatives Hansard, 10 March 2010, p. 2152. Home insulation safety plan, media release, 1 April 2010. Applications open for insulation industry assistance, media release, 6 May 2010.

[48]      Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, Insulation update–15 June 2010.

[49]      KPMG were appointed in April 2010 and are expected to complete their work in July: Dr M. Parkinson & Mr M. Bowles, Committee Hansard, 27 May 2010, pp 97 and 104 (Environment, Communications and the Arts Legislation Committee, Budget Estimates hearing). Hon. G. Combet, Minister Assisting the Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, Home insulation safety plan, media release, 1 April 2010.

[50]      Hon. G. Combet, Minister Assisting the Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, Home insulation safety plan, media release, 1 April 2010.

[51]      DEWHA/DCCEE, answer to question on notice 53 from hearing 26 February 2010 (received 22 April 2010). Based on claims lodged to 28 February 2010. At the time of the answer claims processing was not complete.

[52]      ICANZ, Submission 18, p. 6. Hon. G. Combet, Minister Assisting the Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, House of Representatives Hansard, 10 March 2010, pp 2149–2151.

[53]      Mr D. D'Arcy (ICANZ), Committee Hansard, 17 February 2010, p. 55.

[54]      DCCEE, answer to question on notice 86 from hearing 26 February 2010 (received 13 May 2010). Figures show claims lodged to 17 March 2010.

[55]      DEWHA, Submission 19, p. 34.

[56]      DEWHA, Submission 19, p. 6 and answer to question on notice 53 from hearing of 26 February 2010 (received 22 April 2010).

[57]      DEWHA, Submission 19, p. 34

[58]      Dr A. Hawke, Review of the Administration of the Home Insulation Program, 6 April 2010, p. xiv.

[59]      DEWHA/DCCEE, answer to question on notice 74 from hearing 26 February 2010 (received 30 April 2010). This estimate is calculated for the Energy Efficiency Homes Package and includes the Home Insulation Program and the Solar Hot Water Rebate Program.

[60]      DEWHA, Submission 19, pp 21–23. ICANZ, Submission 18, p. 10. Mr Robert Griew, Associate Secretary, Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations, Committee Hansard, 26 February 2010, p. 41.

[61]      DEWHA, Submission 19, pp 21–23. ICANZ, Submission 18, p. 10.

[62]      A. Hawke, Review of the Administration of the Home Insulation Program, 6 April 2010, p. xiii, 35.

[63]      Hon. G. Combet, Minister Assisting the Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, House of Representatives Hansard, 10 March 2010, p. 2154.

[64]      R. Palfery, Submission 53. Similarly M. Delany, Submission 51.

[65]      P. Karvelas, 'Furious insulators to rally in Canberra', The Australian, 24 May 2010, p. 4. N Berkovic, 'Sparkies angry at delay on payments', The Australian, 10 June 2010, p. 7.

[66]      Australian Financial Review, 25 May 2010, p. 7.

[67]      Mr M. Bowles, Committee Hansard 27 May 2010 (Environment, Communications and the Arts Legislation Committee, DCCEE Estimates hearing), p. 71.

[68]      Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, Insulation update–15 June 2010.

[69]      Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, Foil Insulation Safety Program, www.climatechange.gov.au/government/programs-and-rebates/hisp/foil-insulation.aspx (last updated 25 June 2010).

[70]      Hon. G. Combet, Minister Assisting the Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, House of Representatives Hansard, 10 March 2010, pp 2155 and 2157.

[71]      Dr A. Hawke, Review of the Administration of the Home Insulation Program, 6 April 2010, p. 7ff.

Chapter 3 - Issues relating to program design and administration

[1]        Nation Building Economic Stimulus Plan - Commonwealth Coordinator–General's Progress Report 3 February 2009–30 June 2009, p. 12.

[2]        Minter Ellison, Risk Register and Management Plan, 9 April 2009, p. 1.

[3]        Minter Ellison, Risk Register and Management Plan, 9 April 2009, p. 1. 'Rebate scheme' refers to the 'phase 1' program which operated until 30 June 2009, in which householders paid installers and sought reimbursement from DEWHA.

[4]        ICANZ, answers to questions on notice from hearing 17 February 2010 (received 16 March 2010): minutes of a stakeholder consultation meeting 18 February 2009.

[5]        Mr M. Mrdak (former Coordinator General), Committee Hansard, 26 February 2010, p. 10. Similarly Mr M. Forbes (DEWHA), Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 13.

[6]        DEWHA, Submission 19, p. 7. Mr M. Mrdak (former Coordinator General), Committee Hansard, 22 February 2010, p. 11; 26 February 2010, p. 14, 37. Dr A. Hawke, Review of the Administration of the Home Insulation Program, 6 April 2010, p. 26. Another payment model had been considered in which DEWHA would manage delivery through regional head contractors.

[7]        Mr M. Forbes (DEWHA), Committee Hansard, 22 February 2010, p. 61.

[8]        Dr A. Hawke, Review of the Administration of the Home Insulation Program, 6 April 2010, pp xi–xii.

[9]        'A Lethal Miscalculation', Four Corners, ABC Television, 26 April 2010.

[10]      For example, see items 3 and 4 of the Risk Register (see Appendix 6).

[11]      Dr A. Hawke, Review of the Administration of the Home Insulation Program, 6 April 2010, pp 33, 59–60.

[12]      Dr A. Hawke, Review of the Administration of the Home Insulation Program, 6 April 2010, p. 60.

[13]      Dr A. Hawke, Review of the Administration of the Home Insulation Program, 6 April 2010, pp xii and 8.

[14]      DEWHA, Submission 19, p. 7. Mr M. Forbes (DEWHA), Committee Hansard, 22 February 2010, p. 39.

[15]      ICANZ, Submission 18, p. 12.

[16]      Mr J. Liaskos (PIMAA), Committee Hansard, 17 February 2010, p. 3.

[17]      Mr B. Tikey (AFIA), Committee Hansard, 17 February 2010, p. 35.

[18]      Autex, Submission 10, p. 3.

[19]      Dr A. Hawke, Review of the Administration of the Home Insulation Program, 6 April 2010, p. 17.

[20]      Dr M. Parkinson (DCCEE Secretary), correspondence 1 April 2010. In relation to the 52 briefs, the letter says that 'there remains a level of ambiguity about whether their release would be in the public interest'.

[21]      Hon. G. Combet MP, Minister Assisting the Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, correspondence 2 July 2010.

[22]      Advice from the Clerk of the Senate to the Chair of the Senate Environment, Communications and the Arts Committee, Senator Mary Jo Fisher, 9 July 2010.

[23]      Mr M. Thompson (DEWHA), Committee Hansard, 22 February 2010, p. 10. DEWHA, answer to question on notice 5 from hearing 22 February 2010 (received 22 February 2010).

[24]      Mr M. Forbes (DEWHA), Committee Hansard, 22 February 2010, p. 8.

[25]      Ms R. Kruk (DEWHA), Committee Hansard, 22 February 2010, p. 11.

[26]      DEWHA, answer to question on notice 11 from hearing 22 February 2010 (received 25 February 2010); and PM&C, answer to question on notice 2 from hearing 26 February 2010 (received 12 March 2010).

[27]      DEWHA, answer to question on notice 15 from hearing 25 March 2010 (received 4 May 2010).

[28]      House of Representatives Hansard, 11 March 2010, p. 2292. Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, pp 47–8. DCCEE, answer to question on notice 15 from hearing 25 March 2010 (received 4 May 2010). Orders of the Senate No. 775 and 776 of 12 May 2010.

[29]      Hon J. Ludwig, Manager of Government Business in the Senate, correspondence to the President of the Senate, 26 May 2010. The letters were received out of session on 27 May 2010.

[30]      Hon J. Ludwig, Manager of Government Business in the Senate, correspondence to the President of the Senate, 26 May 2010. The letters were received out of session on 27 May 2010. See paragraph 1.14.

[31]      Dr A. Hawke, Review of the Administration of the Home Insulation Program, 6 April 2010, p. 18.

[32]      These letters were sent pursuant to the Senate's procedural order of continuing effect No. 8 concerning public interest immunity claims. See www.aph.gov.au/Senate/pubs/standing_orders/d04.htm#8 (accessed 9 June 2010).

[33]      A companion document referred to in evidence as the 'risk assessment' was tabled in the Senate on 22 February 2010. The contents of the Risk Assessment document are repeated in full in the Risk Register. See Appendix 6.

[34]      Minter Ellison, Risk Register and Management Plan, 9 April 2009, p. 2.

[35]      Some of these headings were enlarged with a few dotpoints not repeated here. See Appendix 6.

[36]      Minter Ellison, Risk Register and Management Plan, 9 April 2009, p. 1.

[37]      Under each of these headings more detailed dot points were given. See Appendix 6.

[38]      Minter Ellison, Risk Register and Management Plan, 9 April 2009, p. 1.

[39]      Mr M. Forbes (DEWHA), Committee Hansard, 26 February 2010, p. 63.

[40]      DEWHA/DCCEE, answer to question on notice 28 from hearing 26 February 2010 (received 5 May 2010). The quoted text is from a 1 October 2009 version. There were very similar comments in 31 July and 17 September versions.

[41]      The treatment of these risks was strengthened in later versions of the risk register, as noted at paragraph 3.34.

[42]      Minter Ellison, Risk Register and Management Plan, 9 April 2009, p. 4, item 16.

[43]      The Department of Human Services was also involved for a period. DEWHA, Submission 19, p. 22. DEWHA/DCCEE, answer to question on notice 28 from hearing 26 February 2010 (received 5 May 2010). Mr M. Forbes (DEWHA), Committee Hansard, 22 February 2010, p. 16.

[44]      Mr M. Forbes (DEWHA), Committee Hansard 25 March 2010, p. 3.

[45]      For example Ms R. Kruk (DEWHA), Committee Hansard, 26 February 2010, p. 60.

[46]      Ms R. Kruk (DEWHA), Committee Hansard, 22 February 2010, p. 3.

[47]      Ms R. Kruk (DEWHA), Committee Hansard, 22 February 2010, pp 21 and 33. Similarly Mr M. Mrdak (former Coordinator General), Committee Hansard, 26 February 2010, pp 12ff and 37.

[48]      Hon. G. Combet, Minister assisting the Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, House of Representatives Hansard, 10 March 2010, p. 2155.

[49]      Dr A. Hawke, Review of the Administration of the Home Insulation Program, 6 April 2010, p. 32.

[50]      Dr A. Hawke, Review of the Administration of the Home Insulation Program, 6 April 2010, p. 43.

[51]      NECA, Submission 39, attachment, media release 16 February 2009.

[52]      ICANZ, answers to questions on notice from hearing 17 February 2010 (received 16 March 2010): minutes of a stakeholder consultation meeting 18 February 2009, p. 5.

[53]      NECA, Submission 39, attachment, letter to Minister Garrett 9 March 2009.

[54]      Master Electricians Australia, Submission 20, attachment, media release 18 May 2009.

[55]      The program rules were strengthened to require training for all person involved in installation (not only supervisors), from 12 February 2010. In South Australia installers must be licensed. DEWHA, Submission 19, pp 5 and 9.

[56]      DEWHA, Submission 19, pp 7–8, 26ff. Construction and Property Services Industry Skills Council, Submission 5. Mr M. Hoffman (Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet), Committee Hansard, 26 February 2010, p. 25.

[57]      AS/NZS 4859.1:2002, Materials for the thermal insulation of buildings. AS 3999-1992: Thermal insulation of buildings - bulk insulation - installation requirements. AS/NZS 3000:2007 Electrical installations (known as the Australian/New Zealand Wiring Rules). In relation to clearances around downlights, the more stringent requirements of AS/NZS 3000:2007 applied, before downlights covers were made compulsory from 2 November 2010. Note that there is no Australian Standard for installation of foil insulation.

[58]      For example Australian Cellulose Insulation Manufacturers Association, Submission 8, p. 2. ICANZ, Submission 18, p. 13. In South Australia insulation installers (persons or businesses) must have a building work contractor's licence with insulation in its scope, and must nominate a registered supervisor/s who will be present for all work and who has insulation in their scope of competencies. This requirement predates the Home Insulation Program. Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, answer to question on notice 9 from hearing of 26 February 2010 (received 12 March 2010).

[59]      Mr Rod Hook, South Australian Coordinator General, ABC Radio Adelaide, 11 February 2010.

[60]      Sky green, Submission 12, p. 10.

[61]      Amalgamated Metal Industries, Submission 25, p. 2.

[62]      Mr M. Bostrom (Amalgamated Metal Industries), Committee Hansard, 17 February 2010, p. 51.

[63]      Mr A. Arblaster (Australian Cellulose Insulation Manufacturers Association), Committee Hansard, 17 February 2010, p. 21.

[64]      Master Electricians Australia, Submission 20, p. 3.

[65]      AFIA, Submission 23, p. 6.

[66]      K. & C. Fuller, Submission 43, pp 4–5.

[67]      National Electrical and Communications Association, Submission 39, p. 4.

[68]      K. & C. Fuller, Submission 43, p. 3.

[69]      K. & C. Fuller, Submission 43, p. 5 & attachment: New Zealand Ministry of Economic Development, Installing under floor thermal insulation - electric shock hazard, 21 June 2007. See www.energysafety.govt.nz/templates/Page____27749.aspx (accessed 29 April 2010). Mr & Mrs Fuller noted that in New Zealand they have been strongly recommended since 2007, after electrocutions from using metal staples.

[70]      National Electrical and Communications Association, Submission 39, p. 3. Mr M. Bostrom (Amalgamated Metal Industries), Committee Hansard, 17 February 2010, p. 53–4.

[71]      National Electrical and Communications Association, Submission 39, p. 3.

[72]      ICANZ, Submission 18, p. 17.

[73]      Master Electricians Australia, Submission 20, p. 3

[74]      National Electrical and Communications Association, Submission 39, p. 4.

[75]      A requirement for all personnel involved in installation to be trained took effect from 12 February 2010.

[76]      ICANZ, answers to questions on notice from hearing 17 February 2010 (received 16 March 2010): minutes of a stakeholder consultation meeting 18 February 2009.

[77]      This requirement was announced on 30 November 2009: Hon. P. Garrett, Minister for the Environment, Heritage and the Arts, Insulation safety standards to get a further boost, media release, 30 November 2009.

[78]      K. & C. Fuller, Submission 43, p. 3. Turning off the power was discussed, or suggested as a risk mitigating action, in some of DEWHA's installer advices and in the risk assessment template which applied from December 2009. However it was never explicitly mandated. See installer advice no. 11, 19 October 2009, and no. 12, 26 October 2009. The committee notes that turning off the power during installation would not prevent a stapled wire from enlivening foil insulation when the power is turned back on, which would create an ongoing hazard.

[79]      This was recommended by the manufacturer of the product which was being installed by Matthew Fuller, who was electrocuted on 14 October 2009. K. & C. Fuller, Submission 43, attachment, Silvercell building insulation fitting instructions.

[80]      New Zealand Ministry of Economic Development, Installing under floor thermal insulation - electric shock hazard, 21 June 2007.

[81]      A safety switch detects current flowing through the body and cuts the electricity supply to prevent injury. Safety switches are now compulsory in new homes and new circuits in existing homes. A safety switch may not protect all wiring and does not protect against all faults.

[82]      DEWHA, Submission 19. p. 14. The program was announced on 9 February 2009.

[83]      DEWHA, Submission 19. p. 14.

[84]      Deloitte Insight Economics, An economic assessment of the benefits of retrofitting some of the remaining stock of uninsulated homes in Australia. Summary of ICANZ's $500 subsidy proposal. June 2007, p. 6.

[85]      ICANZ, Submission 18, p. 11. Mr D. D'Arcy (ICANZ), Committee Hansard, 17 February 2010, p. 72

[86]      DEWHA, Submission 19, p. 15

[87]      United Bonded, Submission 9, p. 3.

[88]      PIMAA, Submission 11, p. 6. Similarly Autex, Submission 10, p. 6.

[89]      Dr A. Hawke, Review of the Administration of the Home Insulation Program, 6 April 2010, p. 29.

Chapter 4 - Other issues affecting program outcomes

[1]        Master Electricians Australia, Submission 20, p. 3. Hon. P. Garrett, Minister for the Environment, Heritage and the Arts, Foil insulation suspended from Home Insulation Program, media release, 9 February 2010. 

[2]        The problem of heat dissipation from wires applies to older wiring. Dr R. Aynsley, Committee Hansard, 17 February 2010, p. 27.

[3]        Hon. G. Combet, Minister assisting the Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, House of Representatives Hansard, 10 March 2010, p. 2153.

[4]        National Electrical and Communications Association, Submission 39, p. 3.

[5]        National Electrical and Communications Association, Submission 39, p. 3.

[6]        Master Electricians Australia, Submission 20, p. 3

[7]        ICANZ, Submission 18, p. 16.

[8]        Amalgamated Metal Industries, Submission 25, p. 2. Mr B. Tikey (Aluminium Foil Industry Association), Committee Hansard, 17 February 2010, p. 78. Mr T. Renouf (Wren Industries), Committee Hansard, 17 February 2010, p. 78.

[9]        Ultrashield Insulation, Submission 40. Silverline Insulation, Submission 41.

[10]      K & C Fuller, Submission 43, p. 6. 

[11]      K & C Fuller, Submission 43, pp 3–5.

[12]      National Electrical and Communications Association, Submission 39, attachment, letter to Minister Garrett, 9 March 2009.

[13]      Master Electricians Australia, Submission 20, p. 3.

[14]      ICANZ, Submission 18, p. 17.

[15]      ICANZ, Submission 18, p. 16.

[16]      Hon. P. Garrett, Minister for the Environment, Heritage and the Arts, Insulation changes: safety, consumer protections and value for money, media release 1 November 2009. The relevant Australian Standard is AS 3999-1992, Thermal insulation of dwellings - bulk insulation - insulation requirements. This requires only a gap of 25mm around downlights. The more recent AS/NZS 3000:2007 (the Wiring Rules) requires greater clearances. The HIP program guidelines, before the 2 November change, required installers to follow the Wiring Rules in relation to downlights. There is concern among industry stakeholders that AS3999 should be amended, and Standards Australia is now consulting stakeholder groups about this. Standards Australia, Submission 26, p. 2; answers to questions from hearing 17 February 2010 (received 15 March 2010).

[17]      National Electrical and Communications Association, Submission 39, p. 5

[18]      CPSISC, Submission 5, p. 2.

[19]      DEWHA, Submission 19, p. 26ff. Installer Advice No. 12, 26 October 2009. Construction and Property Services Industry Skills Council, Submission 5. Mr M. Hoffman (Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet), Committee Hansard, 26 February 2010, p. 25.

[20]      Hon. P. Garrett, Minister for Environment, Heritage and the Arts, Insulation changes: safety, consumer protections and value for money, media release, 1 November 2009.

[21]      Hon. P. Garrett, Minister for Environment, Heritage and the Arts, Deregistered installer list goes live, media release, 2 December 2009.

[22]      Hon. P. Garrett, Minister for the Environment, Heritage and the Arts, Foil insulation suspended from Home Insulation Program, media release 9 February 2010. 

[23]      Hon. P. Garrett, Minister for the Environment, Heritage and the Arts, Electrical safety inspections for foil insulation, media release 10 February 2010.

[24]      DEWHA, Submission 19, p. 9; Installer advice No. 19, 17 December 2009; Hon. P. Garrett, Minister for the Environment, Heritage and the Arts, Insulation safety standards to get a further boost, media release 30 November 2009.

[25]      Hon. G. Combet, Minister assisting the Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, Home insulation safety plan, media release 1 April 2010.

[26]      Climate Change and Energy Efficiency Portfolio, Portfolio Budget Statement 2010–2011, p. 24.

[27]      'Foil removal won't fix death traps', The Australian, 16 April 2010, p. 2. 'Confusion over foil insulation solution', The Australian, 17 May 2010, p. 6. FISP guidelines can be found at www.climatechange.gov.au/en/government/programs-and-rebates/hisp/foil-insulation.aspx (accessed 8 July 2010).

[28]      Turning off the power during installation would not prevent a stapled wire from enlivening foil insulation when the power is turned back on, which would create an ongoing hazard.

[29]      In the second half of 2009 insulation was being done at an average rate about 7–8 times greater than the pre-HIP norm (average 133 000 per month July to November, compared with previously 65–70 000 retrofit plus about 150 000 new builds per year). The stock of previously insulated houses is about 4 million, while the stock of HIP insulated houses is about 1.2 million. To compare the rate of defective-installation-causing-fire between the two groups would require knowledge of the average 'incubation period' of an insulation-related fire. ICANZ, Submission 18, p. 6. ABS, Building Activity, cat. 8752.0, table 18. Hon. G. Combet, Minister assisting the Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, House of Representatives Hansard, 10 March 2010, p. 2151. DCCEE, answer to question on notice 53 from hearing 26 February 2010 (received 22 April 2010).

[30]      Hon. G. Combet, Minister assisting the Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, House of Representatives Hansard, 10 March 2010, p. 2153.

[31]      Hon. G. Combet, Minister assisting the Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, House of Representatives Hansard, 10 March 2010, p. 2153.

[32]      Four Corners, ABC TV, 26 April 2010.

[33]      For example Submission 3, name withheld. Skygreen, Submission 12, p. 1. See also submissions 27, 28, 29, 30, 32, 34 for examples of consumer complaints.

[34]      Installer advice No. 4, 6 August 2009.

[35]      Mr M. Thompson (DEWHA), Committee Hansard, 22 February 2010, p. 24.

[36]      Australia Institute, Submission 46, pp 2–3. Respondents could use more than one description. 77 per cent of respondents described the installer as 'competent'; 73 per cent as 'skilled'; and 72 per cent as 'professional'.

[37]      Hon. G. Combet, Minister assisting the Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, House of Representatives Hansard, 10 March 2010, p. 2153.

[38]      Medicare Australia, answer to question on notice 9 from hearing 26 February 2010 (received 9 April 2010).

[39]      Minter Ellison, Risk Register and Management Plan, 9 April 2009, p. 2.

[40]      DEWHA, Submission 19, pp 17–18.

[41]      DEWHA, Submission 19, p. 19. Mr M. Hoffman (Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet), Committee Hansard, 26 February 2010, p. 24. Hon. G. Combet, Minister assisting the Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, House of Representatives Hansard, 10 March 2010, p. 2153.

[42]      DEWHA/DCCEE, answer to question on notice 88 from hearing 26 February 2010 (received 30 April 2010).

[43]      Mr M. Bowles, Committee Hansard, 27 May 2010 (Environment, Communications and the Arts Legislation Committee, DCCEE Estimates hearing), p. 71.

[44]      Dr M. Parkinson and Mr M. Bowles (DCCEE), Committee Hansard, 27 May 2010 (Environment, Communications and the Arts Legislation Committee, DCCEE Estimates hearing), pp 96–8.

[45]      DEWHA, Submission 19, p. 8, 15.

[46]      Hon. G. Combet, Minister assisting the Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, House of Representatives Hansard, 10 March 2010, p. 2150. Dr M. Parkinson (DCCEE), Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 33.

[47]      Dr M. Parkinson (DCCEE), Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 33.

[48]      DEWHA, Submission 19, p. 21.

[49]      ICANZ, answers to questions on notice from hearing 17 February 2010 (received 16 March 2010).

[50]      ICANZ, answers to questions on notice from hearing 17 February 2010 (received 16 March 2010): minutes of an industry consultation meeting, 18 February 2009.

[51]      ICANZ, Submission 18, p. 14. See also ICANZ, answers to questions on notice from hearing 17 February 2010 (received 16 March 2010): minutes of an industry consultation meeting, 7 August 2009.

[52]      K&C Fuller, Submission 43, p. 4.

[53]      AFIA, Submission 23, attachment, letter to Prime Minister 9 February 2009, p. 2.

[54]      ICANZ, Submission 18, p. 14. DEWHA. Submission 19, p. 21. Ms R. Kruk (DEWHA), Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 26.

[55]      Ms R. Kruk (DEWHA), Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 26.

[56]      ICANZ, Submission 18, p. 14. Similarly Amalgamated Metal Industries, Submission 25, p. 1: 'Most of the sales of imported insulation represent a direct long-term loss to the Australian industry.'

[57]      Amalgamated Metal Industries, Submission 25, p. 3.

[58]      DEWHA, Submission 19, p. 30.

[59]      United Bonded Fabrics, Submission 9, p. 3. Autex, Submission 10, p. 4. Amalgamated Metal Industries, Submission 25, p. 3. Mr B. Tikey (AFIA), Committee Hansard, 17 February 2010, p. 43.

[60]      Mr T. Zuzul (PIMAA), Committee Hansard, 17 February 2010, p. 10.

[61]      Mr R. Thompson (ICANZ), Committee Hansard, 17 February 2010, p. 58.

[62]      ICANZ, answers to questions on notice from hearing 17 February 2010 (received 16 March 2010). See also Mr R. Thompson (ICANZ), Committee Hansard, 17 February 2010, p. 58.

[63]      ICANZ did assert that the US product was 'world class'. There was no comment in evidence on the quality of imported materials from other places. Mr R. Thompson (ICANZ), Committee Hansard, 17 February 2010, p. 58.

[64]      DEWHA, Submission 19, p. 30.

[65]      Mr T. Zuzul (PIMAA), Committee Hansard, 17 February 2010, p. 14.

[66]      PIMAA, Submission 11, pp 2, 5. Similarly United bonded, Submission 9; Autex, Submission 10; and Mr J. Liaskos (Polyester Insulation Manufacturers Association of Australia), Committee Hansard, 17 February 2010, p. 20.

[67]      PIMAA, Submission 11, p. 6.

[68]      ACIMA advised that the market share of cellulose was 25 per cent pre-HIP and 12 per cent during HIP. ACIMA, Submission 8, p. 1.

[69]      Dr R. Aynsley, Submission 17, p. 2. Similarly Aluminium Foil Insulation Association (AFIA), Submission 23, p. 4. Similarly in Insulation Management - guide for residential building, Australian Greenhouse Office 2001, p. 7, advice for naturally ventilated houses in hot humid climates: 'Sufficient insulation is needed under roofs and/or ceilings and walls to avoid excessive radiant heat gains inside the house. The added insulation will need to be sufficient to allow the building to cool adequately at nights.' Similarly Australian Housing Research Council, Thermal performance of housing units in Queensland, 1981, p. 174: 'Mineral wool ceiling insulation greatly improves daytime performance in summer, but keeps unconditioned houses hotter on summer nights.'

[70]      Amalgamated Metal Industries, Submission 25, p. 5.

[71]      Amalgamated Metal Industries, Submission 25, p. 5.

[72]      AS/NZS 4859.1, Materials for the thermal insulation of buildings, clause 2.3.3.3. The standard test measures the transfer of heat between test plates at temperatures of 13 degrees and 33 degrees, thus a mean of 23 degrees.

[73]      Dr Aynsley submitted that on a comfortable overcast day a low pitched metal roof may be at a temperature of up to 60 degrees, and on a hot day up to 90 degrees. Submission 17, p. 3. See also Mr T. Renouf, Committee Hansard, 17 February 2010, p. 81.

[74]      Dr R. Aynsley, Committee Hansard, 17 February 2010, p. 25.

[75]      Aluminium Foil Insulation Association, Submission 23, p. 4.

[76]      Amalgamated Metal Industries, Submission 25, p. 5.

[77]      Dr R. Aynsley, additional information 16 April 2010. Similarly Committee Hansard, 17 February 2010, pp 24–25.

[78]      Amalgamated Metal Industries, Submission 25, p. 5.

[79]      Wren Industries, Submission 15.

[80]      Wren Industries, Submission 15.

[81]      The members of ICANZ are CSR Bradford and Fletcher Insulation. ICANZ members manufacture glasswool, rockwool and reflective foil insulation. ICANZ members manufacture around 75 per cent of all reflective foil made in Australia, have 5 mineral wool bulk insulation plants and supply most other insulation products except sheep's wool and cellulose fibre. ICANZ, Submission 18, p. 4; additional information 19 April 2010, p. 1. ICANZ's competitors argued that ICANZ represents primarily the fibreglass batts industry: for example Autex, Submission 10, p. 3; AFIA, Submission 23, p. 1 and attachment 1, p. 9.

[82]      Mr R. Thompson (ICANZ), Committee Hansard, 17 February 2010, p. 74. ICANZ, additional information, 19 April 2010, p. 14.

[83]      ICANZ, additional information 19 April 2010, pp 1–2.

[84]      ICANZ, answers to questions on notice from hearing 17 February 2010 (received 16 March 2010): minutes of a stakeholder consultation meeting 18 February 2009, p. 4.

[85]      HIP program guidelines versions 3, 4 and 5, September to December 2009.

[86]      DEWHA/DCCEE, answer to question on notice 74 from hearing 26 February 2010 (received 30 April 2010).

[87]      Mr A. Hughes (DCCEE), Committee Hansard, 25 March 2010, p. 42. Versions 2 and 3 of the HIP program guidelines (June to October 2009) also said 'It is suggested that householders contact a number of installers on the Installer Provider Register to explore a range of insulation and installation options.' Brief relevant comment is in DEWHA's Your Home Technical Manual, however the program guidelines did not mention the manual.

[88]      Australia-wide, foil installations as a proportion of total installations have been about the same under the HIP as the pre-HIP norm. HIP: 50,300 out of 1.1 million (4.5 per cent). Pre-HIP shown by ABS survey: 5.2 per cent (in ceilings) in Australia (12 per cent in Queensland and 22 per cent in the Northern Territory). Hon. G. Combet, Minister assisting the Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, House of Representatives Hansard, 10 March 2010, p. 2152. ABS Cat. 4602.0.55.001, Environmental issues: energy use and conservation, March 2008, table 2.16.

[89]      Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Your Home Technical Manual, 4^th edition, 2008, p. 103.

[90]      Australian Conservation Foundation and Australian Council of Social Service, Submission 6, p. 3. Tenants Union of Victoria, Submission 13, p. 3.

[91]      DEWHA, Submission 19, p. 9.

[92]      Tenants Union of Victoria, Submission 13, p. 1.

[93]      Tenants Union of Victoria, Submission 13, p. 4. ICANZ, Submission 18, p. 6. See also Productivity Commission, The Private Cost Effectiveness of Improving Energy Efficiency, 2005, p. 105.

[94]      ABS cat. 4602.2, Environmental issues: people's views and practices, March 2005, table 2.19: the main reason for not installing installation: not home owner/not responsible was 33.8 per cent; cost was 15.5 per cent; other reasons were 12.4 per cent or less.

[95]      Productivity Commission, The Private Cost Effectiveness of Improving Energy Efficiency, 2005, p. 105.

[96]      Tenants Union of Victoria, Submission 13, p. 2. Mr T. Archer (Tenants Union of Victoria), Committee Hansard, 17 February 2010, p. 96. Similarly ICANZ , Submission 18, p. 9.

[97]      Tenants Union of Victoria, Submission 13, p. 5. Australian Conservation Foundation and ACOSS, Submission 6, p. 3.

[98]      DEWHA, Submission 19, p. 20.

[99]      Submission 2, name withheld. United Bonded, Submission 9, p. 4.

Chapter 5 - Other matters

[1]        Standards Australia, Submission 26, attachment. Answers to questions on notice from hearing 17 February 2010 (received 15 March 2010), p. 5. Annual review 2008–2009, p. 2.

[2]        Other conditions may comply if consistent with the design of the light. AS/NZS 3000:2007, clause 4.5.2.3. See Arrowform Pty Ltd, Submission 14, attachment 2.

[3]        Ms K. Riley-Takos (Standards Australia), Committee Hansard, 17 February 2010, pp 88–9. Standards Australia, Submission 26, p. 2; answers to questions on notice from hearing 17 February 2010, (received 15 March 2010), p. 5.

[4]        AS/NZS 4859.1, clause 2.3.3.3. In the 'American test method' the material is sandwiched between plates at temperatures of 13 and 33 degrees, and the flow of heat is measured. Mr T. Renouf (Wren Industries), Submission 15; Committee Hansard, 17 February 2010, p. 79.

[5]        Mr T. Renouf (Wren Industries), Submission 15; Committee Hansard, 17 February 2010, p. 81.

[6]        Wren Industries, Submission 15, Australian Foil Insulation Association, Submission 23, p. 5.

[7]        Dr R. Aynsley, Committee Hansard, 17 February 2010, p. 25.

[8]        Australian Foil Insulation Association, Submission 23, attachment 6: M. Belusko, F. Bruno, W. Saman, Thermal Resistance of Australian Roofing Systems, paper to Australian Building Codes Board international conference, 20–23 September 2009.

[9]        Amalgamated Metal Industries, Submission 25, p. 4.

[10]      Wren Industries, Submission 15.

[11]      Dr R. Aynsley, Committee Hansard, 17 February 2010, pp 25–26. BRANZ (formerly Building Research Association of New Zealand) is 'an independent and impartial research, testing, consulting and information company providing resources for the building industry'. See www.branz.co.nz.           

[12]      Mr M. Bostrom (Amalgamated Metal Industries), Committee Hansard, 17 February 2010, p. 46.

[13]      Pers. comm. Dr R. Aynsley, 21 April 2010.

[14]      Pers. comm. M. Burgess, Research Program Leader, CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering. 29 April 2010. The insulation testing facility will be operated by the Industrial Research Services Group, which also tests other aspects of building materials (for example acoustic, fire resistance, slip resistance). See www.csiro.au/services/Building-and-construction-testing-services.html.

[15]      Mr D. D'Arcy (ICANZ), Committee Hansard, 17 February 2010, p. 56.

[16]      Mr M. Bostrom (Amalgamated Metal Industries), Committee Hansard, 17 February 2010, p. 46. Similarly Mr T. Renouf (Wren Industries), Committee Hansard, 17 February 2010, p. 82.

[17]      Mr B. Tikey (AFIA), Committee Hansard, 17 February 2010, p. 32.

[18]      Standards Australia, answers to questions on notice from hearing 17 February 2010, (received 15 March 2010), p. 5–6.

[19]      Standards Australia, answers to questions on notice from hearing 17 February 2010, (received 15 March 2010), p. 8.Ms K. Riley-Takos (Standards Australia), Committee Hansard, 17 February 2010, p. 94.

[20]      Standards Australia, answers to questions on notice from hearing 17 February 2010, (received 15 March 2010), p. 11.

[21]      A building can be designed to satisfy the BCA through a number of pathways. Most homes use either an energy rating assessment (star rating) or the 'deemed to satisfy' acceptable construction practices set out in the BCA. The minimum insulation standards in the BCA are 'deemed to satisfy' provisions. Housing Industry Association, Submission 16, p. 2.

[22]      The new standard is part of various changes to the BCA's energy efficiency provisions, initiated by the Council of Australian Governments in 2009 as part of the National Strategy for Energy Efficiency. The Australian Building Codes Board released a Consultation Regulation Impact Statement in September 2009. BCA amendments were released on 11 March 2010. The states/territories have undertaken to implement the changes in their regulations by May 2011. COAG communiqué 30 April 2009. Australian Building Codes Board, Consultation Regulation Impact Statement – Proposal to revise the energy efficiency requirements of the Building Code of Australia for residential buildings – classes 1, 2, 4 and 10, September 2009. Hon. Kim Carr, Minister for Innovation, Industry, Science and Research, COAG commitment on new building energy efficiency fulfilled, media release 22 January 2010.

[23]      Housing Industry Association, Submission 16, p. 3.

[24]      Aluminium Foil Insulation Association, Submission 23, p. 3.

[25]      Dr R. Aynsley, Submission 17, p. 1. Similarly Dr R. Aynsley, additional information 20 April 2010; Mr T. Renouf, additional information 16 June 2010.

[26]      Autex, Submission 10, appendix A, report by James Fricker.

[27]      CSIRO Division of Building, Construction and Engineering, Notes on the Science of Building, NSB-162, August 1991, par. 7.02.

[28]      Mr T. Renouf (Wren Industries), Committee Hansard, 17 February 2010, p. 84.

[29]      Australian Building Codes Board, Consultation Regulation Impact Statement – Proposal to revise the energy efficiency requirements of the Building Code of Australia for residential buildings – classes 1, 2, 4 and 10, September 2009, p. 133.

[30]      ICANZ, Submission 18, p. 5.

[31]      ICANZ, additional information 19 April 2010, pp 7–8.

[32]      Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, National Building Energy Efficiency Standard-Setting, Assessment and Rating Framework–Public Discussion Paper, March 2010.

[33]      Master Builders Association, submission 42 to National Building Energy Efficiency Standard-Setting, Assessment and Rating Framework discussion paper, May 2010, p. 12. Similarly Housing Industry Association, submission 73, p. 8: 'HIA would not support any changes to the BCA stringency for building energy efficiency without a clear target being established for new residential buildings, and evidence being provided that shows the changes will provide a positive cost-benefit...' Australian Institute of Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Heating, submission 40, p. 1:  'There is a push to continually improve the energy efficiency of buildings, but there is very little evidence that the regulations are delivering the desired outcomes.'  See www.climatechange.gov.au/government/submissions/building-framework-paper.aspx (accessed 20 June 2010).

[34]      Amalgamated Metal Industries, Submission 25, p. 5.

[35]      Dr R. Aynsley, additional information 16 April 2010. The 'studies carried out' are those referred to in the ABCB's statement quoted at paragraph 5.41 above. See also M. Kordjamshidi et al. 'Modelling efficient building design: a comparison of conditioned and free-running house rating approaches', Architectural Science Review, vol. 50.1, 2007, pp 52–59. Similarly see submissions 65 (Tropical Green Building Network) and 53 (Prof. T. Williamson) to the Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency's National Building Energy Efficiency Standard-Setting, Assessment and Rating Framework March 2010 discussion paper: see  www.climatechange.gov.au/government/submissions/building-framework-paper.aspx (accessed 20 June 2010).

[36]      Building Code of Australia, 2009, volume 2, part 3.12. The most relevant comments in volume 2 of the BCA are at 3.12.1.1: 'Artificial cooling of buildings in some climates can cause condensation to form inside the layers of the building envelope... Effective control of condensation is a complex issue. In some locations a fully sealed vapour barrier may need to be installed...' Also 3.12.1.2: 'In some climate zones insulation should be installed with due consideration of condensation and associated interaction with adjoining building materials.'

[37]      ICANZ, additional information 19 April 2010, pp 9 and 14.

Chapter 6 - Conclusions

[1]        ICANZ suggested that the program should have been taken over 4–5 years: Submission 18, p. 13.

[2]        Hon. P. Garrett, Minister for the Environment, Heritage and the Arts, Significant changes to Commonwealth environmental programs, media release, 19 February 2010.

Government Senators' Minority Report

[1]        Hon. G. Combet, Minister Assisting the Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, House of Representatives Hansard, 10 March 2010, p. 2150.

[2]        Dr Allan Hawke, Review of the Administration of the Home Insulation Program, April 2010, p. xii.

[3]        Hon. G. Combet, Minister Assisting the Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, House of Representatives Hansard, 10 March 2010, p. 2151.

[4]        Hon. G. Combet, Minister Assisting the Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, House of Representatives Hansard, 10 March 2010, p. 2150.

[5]        Hon. G. Combet, Minister Assisting the Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, House of Representatives Hansard, 10 March 2010, p. 2149.