Footnotes

Chapter 2 - Background

[1]           Information in this chapter has been drawn from a variety of sources, including material published by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, Environment Australia, the NT Department of Lands, Planning and Environment and the Kakadu Board of Management. A list of general references is included as Appendix 3 to this report.

[2]           UNESCO World Heritage Committee, Report on the mission to Kakadu National Park, Australia, 26 October to 1 November 1998, p 1:

http://www.biodiversity.environment.gov.au/kakadu/pdfs/inf18e.pdf

[3]           UNESCO World Heritage Committee, Report on the mission to Kakadu National Park, Australia, 26 October to 1 November 1998, p 1.

[4]           Friends of the Earth, Environment Centre of the Northern Territory and The Wilderness Society, Letter to WHC Chairperson, Teresa Franco, 1997, p 1, quoted in: Environment Centre of the Northern Territory, Submission 38, p 8.

[5]           UNESCO World Heritage Committee, Report on the mission to Kakadu National Park, Australia, 26 October to 1 November 1998, p v.

[6]           UNESCO World Heritage Committee, Report on the mission to Kakadu National Park, Australia, 26 October to 1 November 1998, Recommendation 1, p v.

[7]           UNESCO World Heritage Committee, Report on the mission to Kakadu National Park, Australia, 26 October to 1 November 1998.

[8]           On 23 June 1999 the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Bill 1998 was passed by the Senate. It contains provisions for environmental assessment and when proclaimed will supersede the EPIP Act.

[9]           UNESCO World Heritage Committee, Report on the mission to Kakadu National Park, Australia, 26 October to 1 November 1998.

[10]         Environment Australia, Australia’s Kakadu: Protecting World Heritage, Response by the Australian Government to the World Heritage Committee Regarding Kakadu National Park, April 1999, p 36.

[11]         Environment Australia, Australia’s Kakadu: Protecting World Heritage, April 1999, pp 18-19.

[12]         Nicolas Rothwell, ‘Yellowcake Dreaming’, The Australian, 27 April 1996; Energy Resources of Australia, Jabiluka Overview, http://www.energyres.com.au/jabiluka/overview.html

[13]         For example: Mr Rob Gillespie, Gillespie Economics, Submission 3; The Wilderness Society (NSW), Submissions 47 and 47A.

[14]         Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act 1976, s. 48A(4); Gundjehmi Aboriginal Corporation, “We are not talking about mining”: The History of Duress and the Jabiluka Project, July 1997, at:

             http://www.mirrar.net/index_main.htm

Chapter 3 - Environmental impact assessment - preliminary

[1]           On 23 June 1999 the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Bill 1998 was passed by the Senate. It contains provisions for environmental assessment and when proclaimed it will supersede the EPIP Act.

[2]           Bernard Dunne, ‘Uranium Mining and the Commonwealth EIA Process’, Australian Environment Review, Vol 11 No 5, June 1996.

[3]           Administrative Procedures under the Environment Protection (Impact of Proposals) Act 1974.

[4]           Government of Australia, Submission to World Heritage Committee, Appendix 9.11: Summary Table of Ministers Hill and Parer EIA conditions and ERA progress.

[5]           Northern Territory Department of Lands, Planning and Environment, Jabiluka Number 2 Uranium Mine Proposal: Environmental Assessment Report and Recommendations, August 1997, p 23.

[6]           Government of Australia, Submission to World Heritage Committee, Appendix 9.11: Summary Table of Ministers Hill and Parer EIA conditions and ERA progress.

[7]           Uranium Research Group, Submission to the World Heritage Committee, p 65.

[8]           Environment Australia, Guidelines for a Public Environment Report on the Proposed Development of the Jabiluka Mill Alternative at the Jabiluka No 2 Uranium Mine, June 1998.

[9]           Environment Australia, Environment Assessment Report: The Jabiluka Mill Alternative at the Jabiluka No 2 Uranium Mine, July 1998, p 11.

[10]         Kinhill in association with ERA, The Jabiluka Mill Alternative Public Environment Report, pp 4.1- 4.17.

[11]         Senator Robert Hill, letter to Senator Warwick Parer, 25 August 1998, tabled correspondence.

[12]         Senator Robert Hill, letter to Senator Warwick Parer, 25 August 1998, tabled correspondence.

[13]         Senator Robert Hill, letter to Senator Warwick Parer, 25 August 1998, tabled correspondence.

[14]         Letter from Senator Warwick Parer to ERA, 27 August 1998, tabled correspondence.

[15]         Philip Shirvington, Energy Resources of Australia, Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 11 June 1999, p 95.

Chapter 4 - Environmental impact assessment - the issues

[1]           Environment Centre of the Northern Territory, Submission 38, p 1.

[2]           Gundjehmi Aboriginal Corporation, Submission 48, p 4.

[3]           Gundjehmi Aboriginal Corporation, Submission 48, p 12.

[4]           Professor R J Wasson, Professor I White, Dr B Mackey and Mr M Fleming, The Jabiluka Project: Environmental Issues that Threaten Kakadu National Park, October 1998.

[5]           Office of the Supervising Scientist, Assessment of the Jabiluka Project: Report by the Supervising Scientist to the World Heritage Committee, April 1999.

[6]           Environment Australia, Environment Assessment Report: Proposal to Extract, Process and Export Uranium from Jabiluka Orebody No 2, August 1997, pp 40-41.

[7]           Professor R J Wasson, Professor I White, Dr B Mackey and Mr M Fleming, The Jabiluka Project: Environmental Issues that Threaten Kakadu National Park, October 1998, p 4.

[8]           Office of the Supervising Scientist, Assessment of the Jabiluka Project: Report by the Supervising Scientist to the World Heritage Committee, April 1999.

[9]           Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 11 June 1999, p 25.

[10]         Northern Territory Department of Lands, Planning and Environment, Assessment Report 26 Jabiluka Mill Alternative, July 1998, p 23; Environment Australia, Environment Assessment Report: The Jabiluka Mill Alternative at the Jabiluka No 2 Uranium Mine, July 1998.

[11]         Environment Australia, Environment Assessment Report: The Jabiluka Mill Alternative at the Jabiluka No 2 Uranium Mine, July 1998, pp 33-50.

[12]         Environment Australia, Environment Assessment Report: The Jabiluka Mill Alternative at the Jabiluka No 2 Uranium Mine, July 1998, p 69.

[13]         Environment Australia, Environment Assessment Report: The Jabiluka Mill Alternative at the Jabiluka No 2 Uranium Mine, July 1998, p 70.

[14]         T. D. Waite, C. Dudgeon and R. Fell, Review of Jabiluka Mine Alternative Tailings Management Proposal, 19 August 1998, p 3.

[15]         T. D. Waite, C. Dudgeon and R. Fell, Review of Jabiluka Mine Alternative Tailings Management Proposal, 19 August 1998, p 3.

[16]         T. D. Waite, C. Dudgeon and R. Fell, Review of Jabiluka Mine Alternative Tailings Management Proposal, 19 August 1998, p 3.

[17]         T. D. Waite, C. Dudgeon and R. Fell, Review of Jabiluka Mine Alternative Tailings Management Proposal, 19 August 1998, pp 3-4.

[18]         Senator Robert Hill, letter to Senator Warwick Parer, 25 August 1998, tabled correspondence.

[19]         Professor Robert Wasson, Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 11 June 1999, p 29.

[20]         Energy Resources of Australia, Jabiluka Mill Alternative: Synopsis of Key Issues and Processes, August 1998.

[21]         Minute from Assistant Secretary, Environment Assessment Branch, to Minister, 20 August 1998.

[22]         Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 11 June 1999, p 3.

[23]         Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 11 June 1999, p 37.

[24]         Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 11 June 1999, p 5.

[25]         Committee Notes, Meeting with ERA executives at Ranger, 15 June 1999.

[26]         See the map on p 6.3 of Kinhill in association with ERA, The Jabiluka Mill Alternative Public Environment Report.

[27]         Letter from Senator Warwick Parer to ERA, 27 August 1998, tabled correspondence.

[28]         Letter from Senator Warwick Parer to ERA, 27 August 1998, tabled correspondence.

[29]         Minute from Assistant Secretary, Environment Assessment Branch, to Minister, 20 August 1998, p 4.

[30]         Minute from Assistant Secretary, Environment Assessment Branch, to Minister, 20 August 1998, pp 4-5.

[31]         Minute from Assistant Secretary, Environment Assessment Branch, to Minister, 20 August 1998, p 2.

[32]         Minute from Assistant Secretary, Environment Assessment Branch, to Minister, 20 August 1998, p 3.

[33]         Office of the Supervising Scientist, Assessment of the Jabiluka Project: Report by the Supervising Scientist to the World Heritage Committee, April 1999, p 11.

[34]         Office of the Supervising Scientist, Assessment of the Jabiluka Project: Report by the Supervising Scientist to the World Heritage Committee, April 1999, p 11.

[35]         Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 11 June 1999, p 25.

[36]         Professor R. Wasson, Professor I. White, Dr B. Mackey, Mr P. Fleming, Submission 50, pp 2-3.

[37]         Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 11 June 1999, pp 26-27.

[38]         Professor R. Wasson, Professor I. White, Dr B. Mackey, Mr P. Fleming, Submission 50, p 3.

[39]         Environment Australia, Environment Assessment Report: Proposal to Extract, Process and Export Uranium from Jabiluka Orebody No 2, August 1997, pp 91-2.

[40]         Environment Australia, Environment Assessment Report: Proposal to Extract, Process and Export Uranium from Jabiluka Orebody No 2, August 1997, p 91.

[41]         Dr Alan Roberts, Submission 19, p 1.

[42]         Environment Australia, Environment Assessment Report: Proposal to Extract, Process and Export Uranium from Jabiluka Orebody No 2, August 1997, p 95.

[43]         Environment Australia, Environment Assessment Report: The Jabiluka Mill Alternative at the Jabiluka No 2 Uranium Mine, July 1998, p 65.

[44]         The Jabiluka Action Group (QLD), Submission 46, p 13.

[45]         The Jabiluka Action Group (QLD), Submission 46, p 13.

[46]         Environment Australia, Environment Assessment Report: Proposal to Extract, Process and Export Uranium from Jabiluka Orebody No 2, August 1997, p 95.

[47]         Mr Dave Sweeney, Australian Conservation Foundation, Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 11 June 1999, p 95.

[48]         Environment Australia, Environment Assessment Report: The Jabiluka Mill Alternative at the Jabiluka No 2 Uranium Mine, July 1998, p 11.

[49]         Northern Land Council, Comments on the Environmental Impact Statement for the Jabiluka Uranium Mine Proposal, p 1. 

[50]         Gundjehmi Corporation, Submission 48, p 5.

[51]         Environment Protection Agency and NT Department of Lands, Planning and Environment, Jabiluka: Draft Guidelines for an Environmental Impact Statement on the proposed development of Jabiluka No 2 uranium mine, June 1996, p 8.

[52]         Environment Protection Agency and NT Department of Lands, Planning and Environment, Guidelines for a Public Environment Report on the proposed development of the Jabiluka Mill Alternative at the Jabiluka No 2 uranium mine, June 1998, p 7.

[53]         Spellings of Boiwek vary considerably from source to source, as a result of differing transcriptions from an oral culture.

[54]         Environment Australia, Environment Assessment Report: Proposal to Extract, Process and Export Uranium from Jabiluka Orebody No 2, August 1997, p 112.

[55]         Mr Norman Fry and Mr Jeff Stead, Northern Land Council, Proof Committee Hansard, Darwin, 16 June 1999, pp 133, 140.

[56]         ‘Questions raised about ERA eligibility to export uranium,’ ABC News, 21 May 1999.

[57]         Environment Australia, Environment Assessment Report: Proposal to Extract, Process and Export Uranium from Jabiluka Orebody No 2, August 1997, p 113.

[58]         Environment Australia, Australia’s Kakadu: Protecting World Heritage, Response by the Government of Australia to the UNESCO World Heritage Committee regarding Kakadu National Park, April 1999, p 64.

[59]         Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 11 June 1999, p 61.

[60]         Ian Keen, Sites of Significance in the vicinity of the proposed Arnhem highway extension: A report to the Northern Land Council, ANU, 22 August 1978, pp 5-6.

[61]         Ian Keen, Sites of Significance in the vicinity of the proposed Arnhem highway extension: A report to the Northern Land Council, ANU, 22 August 1978, pp 5-6.

[62]         George Chaloupka, Djawumbu-Madjawarnja Site Complex, October 1978.

[63]         Proof Committee Proof Committee Hansard, Jabiru, 15 June 1999, p 15.

[64]         Professor John Mulvaney, Submission 30, p 3.

[65]         Proof Committee Hansard, Darwin, 16 June 1999, p 173.

[66]         Proof Committee Hansard, Darwin, 16 June 1999, p 173.

[67]         Submission from the Mirrar people to the UNESCO World Heritage Committee ICCROM and ICOMOS in relation to the Australian Government’s Report, ‘Australia’s Kakadu’, pp 22-25.

[68]         Submission from the Mirrar people to the UNESCO World Heritage Committee ICCROM and ICOMOS in relation to the Australian Government’s Report, ‘Australia’s Kakadu’, pp 22-25.

[69]         Proof Committee Hansard, Jabiru, 15 June 1999, p 24.

[70]         Environment Protection Agency and NT Department of Lands, Planning and Environment, Jabiluka: Draft Guidelines for an Environmental Impact Statement on the proposed development of Jabiluka No 2 uranium mine, June 1996, p 9.

[71]         Proof Committee Hansard, Jabiru, 15 June 1999, pp 8-9.

[72]         Proof Committee Hansard, Jabiru, 15 June 1999, p 17.

[73]         Northern Territory Department of Lands, Planning and Environment, Jabiluka Number 2 Uranium Mine Proposal: Environmental Assessment Report and Recommendations, August 1997, p 62.

[74]         Environment Australia, Environment Assessment Report: Proposal to Extract, Process and Export Uranium from Jabiluka Orebody No 2, August 1997, p 118.

[75]         Environment Australia, Environment Assessment Report: Proposal to Extract, Process and Export Uranium from Jabiluka Orebody No 2, August 1997, p 113.

[76]         Environment Australia, Environment Assessment Report: Proposal to Extract, Process and Export Uranium from Jabiluka Orebody No 2, August 1997, pp 113-114.

[77]         Environment Australia, Environment Assessment Report: Proposal to Extract, Process and Export Uranium from Jabiluka Orebody No 2, August 1997, p 114.

[78]         Environment Australia, Environment Assessment Report: Proposal to Extract, Process and Export Uranium from Jabiluka Orebody No 2, August 1997, p 114.

[79]         Environment Australia, Environment Assessment Report: Proposal to Extract, Process and Export Uranium from Jabiluka Orebody No 2, August 1997, p 114.

[80]         Environment Australia, Environment Assessment Report: Proposal to Extract, Process and Export Uranium from Jabiluka Orebody No 2, August 1997, pp 114-115.

[81]         Proof Committee Hansard, Jabiru, 15 June 1999, p 13.

[82]         Environment Australia, Environment Assessment Report: Proposal to Extract, Process and Export Uranium from Jabiluka Orebody No 2, August 1997, p 115.

[83]         Environment Australia, Environment Assessment Report: Proposal to Extract, Process and Export Uranium from Jabiluka Orebody No 2, August 1997, p 115.

[84]         Northern Land Council, Submission 45, p 1.

[85]         Kakadu Region Social Impact Study, Report of the Aboriginal Project Committee, June 1997, p i.

[86]         Northern Land Council, Comments in relation to the Jabiluka Mill Alternative Public Environment Review, p 2.

[87]         Environment Australia, Environment Assessment Report: The Jabiluka Mill Alternative at the Jabiluka No 2 Uranium Mine, July 1998, p 60.

[88]         Environment Australia, Australia’s Kakadu: Protecting World Heritage, April 1999, p 86.

[89]         Proof Committee Hansard, Jabiru, 15 June 1999, p 18.

[90]         Gundjehmi Corporation, Submission 48, p 8.

[91]         Kakadu Region Social Impact Study, Report of the Aboriginal Project Committee, June 1997, p 73.

[92]         Kakadu Region Social Impact Study, Community Action Plan: Report of the Study Advisory Group, July 1997, p xv.

[93]         Proof Committee Hansard, Darwin, 16 June 1999, p 147.

[94]         Kakadu National Park World Heritage: Submission by the Northern Land Council to the UNESCO World Heritage Mission to Kakadu National Park, October 1998, p 9.

[95]         Proof Committee Hansard, Jabiru, 15 June 1999, p 12.

[96]         Office of the Supervising Scientist, Assessment of the Jabiluka Project: Report by the Supervising Scientist to the World Heritage Committee, April 1999, p 99.

[97]         UNESCO World Heritage Committee, Report on the mission to Kakadu National Park, Australia, 26 October to 1 November 1998, pp 1-10.

[98]         Environment Protection (Alligator Rivers Region) Act 1978, pp 4-5.

[99]         Australian Conservation Foundation, Submission 34, p 3.

[100]       Australian Conservation Foundation, Submission 34, p 3.

[101]       Supervising Scientist for the Alligator Rivers Region, Annual Report 1988-89, Canberra: AGPS, 1989, p 8.

[102]       Australian Conservation Foundation, Submission 34, p 3.

[103]       Australian Conservation Foundation, Submission 34, p 3.

[104]       Supervising Scientist for the Alligator Rivers Region, Annual Report 1988-89, Canberra: AGPS, 1989, pp 5-6.

[105]       Australian Conservation Foundation, Submission 34, Attachment I.

[106]       Australian Conservation Foundation, Submission 34, Attachment I.

[107]       Australian Conservation Foundation, Submission 34, Attachment I.

[108]       Australian Conservation Foundation, Submission 34, Attachment I.

[109]       Australian Conservation Foundation, Submission 34, Attachment I.

[110]       Senator Warwick Parer to Mr P. J. Shirvington, tabled correspondence, 27 August 1998, p 2.

[111]       Northern Land Council, Submission 45, p 3.

[112]       Mr Stephen Roeger, Proof Committee Hansard, Darwin, 16 June 1999, p 138.

[113]       Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 11 June 1999, p 91.

[114]       Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 11 June 1999, p 91.

[115]       Proof Committee Hansard, Darwin, 16 June 1999, p 165.

[116]       Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 11 June 1999, pp 1-2.

[117]       Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 11 June 1999, p 2.

[118]       Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 11 June 1999, p 25.

[119]       Office of the Supervising Scientist, Assessment of the Jabiluka Project: Report by the Supervising Scientist to the World Heritage Committee, April 1999, p 17; Energy Resources of Australia, Jabiluka Mill Alternative: Synopsis of Key Issues and Processes, August 1998.

[120]       Office of the Supervising Scientist, Assessment of the Jabiluka Project: Report by the Supervising Scientist to the World Heritage Committee, April 1999, p 13.

[121]       Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 11 June 1999, p 3.

[122]       Environment Centre NT Inc, Comment on the draft guidelines for a Public Environment Report on the Jabiluka Mill Alternative, 31 May 1998, pp 1-2.

[123]       Office of the Supervising Scientist, Assessment of the Jabiluka Project: Report by the Supervising Scientist to the World Heritage Committee, April 1999, p 13.

[124]       Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 11 June 1999, p 26.

[125]       Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 11 June 1999, p 28.

[126]       Professor John Mulvaney, Submission 30, p 2.

[127]       Australian Heritage Commission Act 1975, p 20; Mr Roger Beale, Department of the Environment and Heritage, Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, p 45.

[128]       Australian Conservation Foundation, Submission 34, p 1.

[129]       Australian Conservation Foundation, Submission 34, p 2.

[130]       Australian Conservation Foundation, Submission 34, p 2.

[131]       Australian Conservation Foundation, Submission 34, p 4.

[132]       Australian Conservation Foundation, Submission 34, p 2.

[133]       Environment Australia, Environment Assessment Report: The Jabiluka Mill Alternative at the Jabiluka No 2 Uranium Mine, July 1998, p 67.

[134]       Dr Arthur Johnston, Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 11 June 1999, p 2.

[135]       Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 11 June 1999, p 25.

[136]       Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 11 June 1999, p 29.

[137]       Environment Australia, Australia’s Kakadu: Protecting World Heritage, April 1999, p 35.

[138]       Mr Robin Bryant, Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 11 June 1999, p 38.

[139]       Friends of the Earth, Submission 43, p 7.

[140]       Government of Australia, Submission to World Heritage Committee, Appendix 9.11: Summary Table of Ministers Hill and Parer EIA conditions and ERA progress.

[141]       Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 11 June 1999, pp 42-43.

[142]       Senator Robert Hill, letter to Senator Warwick Parer, tabled correspondence, 25 August 1998.

[143]       Mr Robin Bryant, Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 11 June 1998, p 43.

Chapter 5 - The rights of traditional owners

[1]           A Kakadu Aboriginal quoted in Kakadu Regional Social Impact Study: Report of the Aboriginal Project Committee, June 1997, p 50.

[2]           Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act 1976, Sections 40-48, pp 54-72.

[3]           Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act 1976, Sections 23, 40, 43-4.

[4]           Mr Matt Fagan, Proof Committee Hansard, Darwin, 16 June 1999, p 158 and Jabiru, 15 June 1999, pp 22-23. Gundjehmi Aboriginal Corporation, “We are not talking about mining”: The History of Duress and the Jabiluka Project, July 1997.

[5]           Statement from the Gundjehmi Aboriginal Corporation. http://www.peg.apc.org/%7Eacfenv/tostate.htm It should be noted that Jonathon Nadji, the son of one of the signatories Bill Niedjie and a Bunitj clan member, wrote to Senator Hill on 25 November 1998 expressing support for the mine’s development. Letter from Jonathon Nadji to Senator Hill, 25 November 1998, tabled correspondence.

[6]           Proof Committee Hansard, Jabiru, 15 June 1999, p 17.

[7]           Kakadu Regional Social Impact Study: Report of the Aboriginal Project Committee, June 1997, pp 4-5.

[8]           Kakadu Regional Social Impact Study: Report of the Aboriginal Project Committee, June 1997, p 13;

[9]           The Ranger Uranium Environmental Inquiry, Second Report, May 1977, p 9.

[10]         Gundjehmi Aboriginal Corporation, “We are not talking about mining”: The History of Duress and the Jabiluka Project, July 1997.

[11]         Proof Committee Hansard, Jabiru, 15 June 1999, p 8.

[12]         Federal Court of Australia, Yvonne Margarula v Minister for Resources and Energy, Commonwealth of Australia, Energy Resources of Australia Ltd and Northern Territory of Australia, NG 186 of 1998, 14 August 1998; High Court of Australia, Yvonne Margarula v Minister for Resources and Energy, Commonwealth of Australia, Energy Resources of Australia Ltd and Northern Territory of Australia, application for special leave to appeal, 20 November 1998.

[13]         Federal Court of Australia, Yvonne Margarula v Minister for Resources and Energy, Commonwealth of Australia, Energy Resources of Australia Ltd and Northern Territory of Australia, NG 186 of 1998, 14 August 1998.

[14]         Supreme Court of the Northern Territory, Yvonne Margarula v Hon Eric Poole, Minister for Resource Development and Energy Resources of Australia Ltd, 16 October 1998.

[15]         Federal Court of Australia, Margarula v Minister for Environment, Minister for Resources and Energy and Energy Resources of Australia, 1 June 1999. Decisions of the Minister for Resources and Energy (other than his acceptance of Senator Hill’s recommendations) were found not to be reviewable until the issuance of export licences. A reading of the judgment by Justice Sundberg arguably heightens the perception of ambiguity regarding the enforceability of Ministerial recommendations under the EPIP Act.

[16]         UNESCO World Heritage Committee, Report on the mission to Kakadu National Park, Australia, 26 October to 1 November 1998, p vi.

[17]         Australia’s Kakadu: Response by the Government of Australia to the UNESCO World Heritage Committee regarding Kakadu National Park, April 1999, pp x, xiii.

[18]         Energy Resources of Australia, Submission 32, p 1.

[19]         Proof Committee Hansard, Jabiru, 15 June 1999, p 18.

[20]         Proof Committee Hansard, Jabiru, 15 June 1999, p 4.

[21]         Gundjehmi Aboriginal Corporation, “We are not talking about mining”: The History of Duress and the Jabiluka Project, July 1997: http://www.mirrar.net/index_main.htm

[22]         Proof Committee Hansard, Jabiru, 15 June 1999, pp 3-4.

[23]         Gundjehmi Aboriginal Corporation, “We are not talking about mining”: The History of Duress and the Jabiluka Project, July 1997.

[24]         Proof Committee Hansard, Darwin, 16 June 1999, pp 139, 146.

[25]         Proof Committee Hansard, Jabiru, 15 June 1999, p 4.

[26]         Gundjehmi Aboriginal Corporation, “We are not talking about mining”: The History of Duress and the Jabiluka Project, July 1997.

[27]         Gundjehmi Aboriginal Corporation, “We are not talking about mining”: The History of Duress and the Jabiluka Project, July 1997.

[28]         Proof Committee Hansard, Jabiru, 15 June 1999, pp 4-5.

[29]         Gundjehmi Aboriginal Corporation, “We are not talking about mining”: The History of Duress and the Jabiluka Project, July 1997.

[30]         Proof Committee Hansard, Jabiru, 15 June 1999, p 23.

[31]         Proof Committee Hansard, Jabiru, 15 June 1999, p 23.

[32]         Gundjehmi Aboriginal Corporation, “We are not talking about mining”: The History of Duress and the Jabiluka Project, July 1997.

[33]         Northern Land Council, Submission 45A, Attachment D, Letter from the Chief Executive Officer to Senator Lyn Allison, Committee Chair, p 1.

[34]         Northern Land Council, Submission 45A, Attachment D, ‘Northern Land Council Response to the Gundjehmi Corporation’s paper on the history of duress and the Jabiluka project’, pp 1-2.

[35]         Northern Land Council, Submission 45A, Attachment D, ‘Northern Land Council Response to the Gundjehmi Corporation’s paper on the history of duress and the Jabiluka project’, pp 4-5

[36]         Northern Land Council, Submission 45A, Attachment D, ‘Northern Land Council Response to the Gundjehmi Corporation’s paper on the history of duress and the Jabiluka project’, p 5.

[37]         See Australia’s Kakadu: Protecting World Heritage, April 1999, pp 21, 73.

[38]         Submission from the Mirrar people to the UNESCO World Heritage Committee ICCROM and ICOMOS in relation to the Australian Government’s Report, ‘Australia’s Kakadu’, p 36.

[39]         Comments on the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for the Jabiluka Uranium Mine Proposal: Submission by the Northern Land Council, July 1997, p 2.

[40]         Environment Australia, Environment Assessment Report: The Jabiluka Mill Alternative at the Jabiluka No 2 Uranium Mine, July 1998, p 14.

[41]         Environment Australia, Environment Assessment Report: The Jabiluka Mill Alternative at the Jabiluka No 2 Uranium Mine, July 1998, p 14.

[42]         Brett Midena, Proof Committee Hansard, Darwin, 16 June 1999, p 142.

[43]         Environment Australia, Environment Assessment Report: The Jabiluka Mill Alternative at the Jabiluka No 2 Uranium Mine, July 1998, p 14.

[44]         Environment Australia, Environment Assessment Report: The Jabiluka Mill Alternative at the Jabiluka No 2 Uranium Mine, July 1998, p 14.

[45]         Proof Committee Hansard, Jabiru, 15 June 1999, p 1.

[46]         Proof Committee Hansard, Jabiru, 15 June 1999, p 2.

[47]         Proof Committee Hansard, Jabiru, 15 June 1999, p 7.

[48]         Senate Environment, Communications, Information Technology and the Arts Legislation Committee, Consideration of Additional Estimates, 5 May 1999, Proof Committee Hansard, p 337.

[49]         Proof Committee Hansard, Darwin, 16 June 1999, pp 157-8.

[50]         Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act 1976, Section 48D.

[51]         Proof Committee Hansard, Darwin, 16 June 1999, p 158.

[52]         Proof Committee Hansard, Darwin, 16 June 1999, p 161.

[53]         ATSIC, Submission 53, p 1.

[54]         UNESCO World Heritage Committee, Report on the mission to Kakadu National Park, Australia, 26 October to 1 November 1998, Annex I, p 2.

[55]         Australia’s Kakadu: Protecting World Heritage, April 1999, pp x, xiii.

[56]         Energy Resources of Australia, Submission 32, p 1.

[57]         Mr Matt Fagan, Proof Committee Hansard, Jabiru, 15 June 1999, p 17.

[58]         Proof Committee Hansard, 11 June 1999, p 95.

[59]         Statement from the Gundjehmi Aboriginal Corporation. http://www.peg.apc.org/%7Eacfenv/tostate.htm

[60]         Mr Stephen Roeger, Proof Committee Hansard, Darwin, 16 June 1999, p 152.

[61]         Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 11 June 1999, p 95.

[62]         Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 11 June 1999, pp 95-97.

[63]         Proof Committee Hansard, Jabiru, 15 June 1999, p 17.

[64]         Proof Committee Hansard, Jabiru, 15 June 1999, p 9.

Chapter 6 -World Heritage issues

[1]           UNESCO World Heritage Committee, Report on the mission to Kakadu National Park, Australia, 26 October to 1 November 1998, p v.

[2]           World Heritage internet site, The World Heritage Convention:

http://www.unesco.org/whc/world_he.htm#debut

[3]           World Heritage internet site, The World Heritage List: http://www.unesco.org/whc/heritage.htm

[4]           Submission by the Government of Australia to the UNESCO World Heritage Mission to Kakadu National Park, October-November 1998, p 9.

[5]           Environment Australia, Australia’s Kakadu: Protecting World Heritage, Response by the Government of Australia to the UNESCO World Heritage Committee regarding Kakadu National Park, April 1999, p 4.

[6]           Environment Australia, Australia’s Kakadu: Protecting World Heritage, April 1999, pp 4-11.

[7]           Mirrar Living Tradition in Danger, World Heritage in Danger, Submission to the World Heritage Committee Mission to Kakadu, October 1998, p 6.

[8]           Mirrar Living Tradition in Danger, World Heritage in Danger, Submission to the World Heritage Committee Mission to Kakadu, October 1998, p 6.

[9]           Environment Australia, Australia’s Kakadu: Protecting World Heritage, Response by the Government of Australia to the UNESCO World Heritage Committee regarding Kakadu National Park, April 1999, p 89.

[10]         Mirrar Living Tradition in Danger, World Heritage in Danger, Submission to the World Heritage Committee Mission to Kakadu, October 1998, p 6.

[11]         Submission by the Government of Australia to the UNESCO World Heritage Mission to Kakadu National Park, October-November 1998, p 9.

[12]         Environment Australia, Australia’s Kakadu: Protecting World Heritage, April 1999, p 36.

[13]         Environment Australia, Australia’s Kakadu: Protecting World Heritage, April 1999, p 39.

[14]         Environment Australia, Australia’s Kakadu: Protecting World Heritage, April 1999, p 41.

[15]         Professor Robert Wasson, ANU, Professor Ian White, ANU and Mr P. M. Fleming, Consulting Ecohydrologist, Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 11 June 1999, p 25.

[16]         Professor Robert Wasson, ANU, Professor Ian White, ANU, Dr B. Mackey, ANU and Mr P. M. Fleming, Consulting Ecohydrologist, Submission 50, p 1.

[17]         Professor Robert Wasson, ANU, Professor Ian White, ANU and Mr P. M. Fleming, Consulting Ecohydrologist, Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 11 June 1999, p 25.

[18]         Professor Robert Wasson, ANU, Professor Ian White, ANU, Dr B. Mackey, ANU and Mr P. M. Fleming, Consulting Ecohydrologist, Submission 50, pp 2-3.

[19]         Professor Robert Wasson, ANU, Professor Ian White, ANU and Mr P. M. Fleming, Consulting Ecohydrologist, Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 11 June 1999, p 25.

[20]         Submission to the World Heritage Committee of UNESCO by Australian Conservation NGO’s, Kakadu: World Heritage in Danger, October 1998, attachment to Submission 15, p 4.

[21]         Submission to the World Heritage Committee of UNESCO by Australian Conservation NGO’s, Kakadu: World Heritage in Danger, October 1998, attachment to Submission 15, p 21.

[22]         Submission to the World Heritage Committee of UNESCO by Australian Conservation NGO’s, Kakadu: World Heritage in Danger, October 1998, attachment to Submission 15, p 22.

[23]         Australia ICOMOS submission to UNESCO World Heritage Mission to Australia and Kakadu, October 1998, p 4.

[24]         Friends of the Earth and The Wilderness Society, Media Release, 19 May 1999.

[25]         Professor John Mulvaney, Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 11 June 1999, p 59.

[26]         Professor John Mulvaney, Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 11 June 1999, p 66.

[27]         Professor John Mulvaney, Submission 30, p 2.

[28]         Professor John Mulvaney, Affidavit to Supreme Court (NT) in case of Yvonne Margarula, attachment to Submission 30, p 4.

[29]         Mirrar Living Tradition in Danger, World Heritage in Danger, Submission to the World Heritage Committee Mission to Kakadu, October 1998, p 8.

[30]         Mirrar Living Tradition in Danger, World Heritage in Danger, Submission to the World Heritage Committee Mission to Kakadu, October 1998, p 8.

[31]         Mirrar Living Tradition in Danger, World Heritage in Danger, Submission to the World Heritage Committee Mission to Kakadu, October 1998, p 9.

[32]         Kakadu National Park World Heritage, Submission by the Northern Land Council to the UNESCO World Heritage Mission to Kakadu National Park, October 1998, p 6.

[33]         Mirrar Living Tradition in Danger, World Heritage in Danger, Submission to the World Heritage Committee Mission to Kakadu, October 1998, p 29.

[34]         Mirrar Living Tradition in Danger, World Heritage in Danger, Submission to the World Heritage Committee Mission to Kakadu, October 1998, p 31.

[35]         Professor John Mulvaney, Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 11 June 1999, p 61.

[36]         Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission, Submission 53, pp 19-20.

[37]         UNESCO World Heritage Committee, Report on the mission to Kakadu National Park, Australia, 26 October to 1 November 1998, p v.

[38]         Supervising Scientist, Assessment of the Jabiluka Project: Report of the Supervising Scientist to the World Heritage Committee, April 1999, p 14.

[39]         Supervising Scientist, Assessment of the Jabiluka Project, Report of the Supervising Scientist to the World Heritage Committee, April 1999, pp 5-6.

[40]         Professor Robert Wasson, ANU, Professor Ian White, ANU and Mr P. M. Fleming, Consulting Ecohydrologist, Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 11 June 1999, pp 24-25.

[41]         Professor Robert Wasson, ANU, Professor Ian White, ANU and Mr P. M. Fleming, Consulting Ecohydrologist, Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 11 June 1999, p 29.

[42]         The Wilderness Society, An NGO assessment of Australia’s response to the 16 recommendations of the World Heritage Committee’s mission to Kakadu, June 1999, p 2.

[43]         The Wilderness Society, An NGO assessment of Australia’s response to the 16 recommendations of the World Heritage Committee’s mission to Kakadu, June 1999, p 2.

[44]         Northern Land Council, Reply to the Australian Government Response to the UNESCO Mission Report, April 1999, pp 9-10.

[45]         Environment Australia, Australia’s Kakadu: Protecting World Heritage, April 1999, p 79.

[46]         Northern Land Council, Reply to the Australian Government Response to the UNESCO Mission Report, April 1999, p 11.

[47]         IUCN, IUCN Expert Opinion Concerning the Mitigation of Threats Posing Ascertained and Potential Dangers to Kakadu National Park by the Jabiluka Mine, May 1999, p 4.

[48]         Submission from the Mirrar People to the UNESCO World Heritage Committee ICCROM & ICOMOS in relation to the Australian Government’s Report “Australia’s Kakadu: Protecting World Heritage”, May 1999, pp 14-15.

[49]         Northern Land Council, Reply to the Australian Government Response to the UNESCO Mission Report, April 1999, p 11.

[50]         Northern Land Council, Reply to the Australian Government Response to the UNESCO Mission Report, April 1999, p 12.

[51]         Submission from the Mirrar People to the UNESCO World Heritage Committee ICCROM & ICOMOS in relation to the Australian Government’s Report “Australia’s Kakadu: Protecting World Heritage”, May 1999, pp 21-22.

[52]         Submission from the Mirrar People to the UNESCO World Heritage Committee ICCROM & ICOMOS in relation to the Australian Government’s Report “Australia’s Kakadu: Protecting World Heritage”, May 1999, p 25.

[53]         Northern Land Council, Reply to the Australian Government Response to the UNESCO Mission Report, April 1999, p 14.

[54]         Letter from the Aboriginal Areas Protection Authority to the Northern Land Council, 20 July 1998, quoted in: Aboriginal Areas Protection Authority, Submission 52, p 1.

[55]         Northern Land Council, Reply to the Australian Government Response to the UNESCO Mission Report, April 1999, p 17.

[56]         Northern Land Council, Reply to the Australian Government Response to the UNESCO Mission Report, April 1999, p 17.

[57]         Northern Land Council, Reply to the Australian Government Response to the UNESCO Mission Report, April 1999, p 24.

[58]         IUCN, IUCN Expert Opinion Concerning the Mitigation of Threats Posing Ascertained and Potential Dangers to Kakadu National Park by the Jabiluka Mine, May 1999, p 13.

[59]         Environment Australia, Australia’s Kakadu: Protecting World Heritage, April 1999, p 122.

[60]         Submission from the Mirrar People to the UNESCO World Heritage Committee ICCROM & ICOMOS in relation to the Australian Government’s Report “Australia’s Kakadu: Protecting World Heritage”, May 1999, p 41.

[61]         Environment Australia, Environment Assessment Report: Proposal to Extract, Process and Export Uranium from Jabiluka Orebody No 2, August 1997, pp 113-4.

[62]         UNESCO World Heritage Committee, Report on the mission to Kakadu National Park, Australia, 26 October to 1 November 1998, p 7.

[63]         World Heritage internet site, Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, http://www.unesco.org/whc/world_he.htm

[64]         Environment Australia, Australia’s Kakadu: Protecting World Heritage, April 1999, p 124.

[65]         IUCN, IUCN Expert Opinion Concerning the Mitigation of Threats Posing Ascertained and Potential Dangers to Kakadu National Park by the Jabiluka Mine, May 1999, p 5.

[66]         Environment Australia, Australia’s Kakadu: Protecting World Heritage, April 1999, p 49.

[67]         Environment Australia, Australia’s Kakadu: Protecting World Heritage, April 1999, p 124.

[68]         Professor Robert Wasson, ANU, Professor Ian White, ANU and Mr P. M. Fleming, Consulting Ecohydrologist, Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 11 June 1999, p 25.

Government Senators' Report

[1]           Environment Australia, Australia’s Kakadu: Protecting World Heritage, Response by the Australian Government to the World Heritage Committee Regarding Kakadu National Park, April 1999:

http://www.biodiversity.environment.gov.au/kakadu/jabiluka/response_aust.html

[2]           Supervising Scientist, Assessment of the Jabiluka Project, Report of the Supervising Scientist to the World Heritage Committee, April 1999:

             http://www.biodiversity.environment.gov.au/kakadu/jabiluka/scientist.html

[3]           Senator the Hon Robert Hill, Senate Environment, Communications, Information Technology and the Arts Legislation Committee, Consideration of Additional Estimates, 5 May 1999, Proof Committee Hansard, p 313.

[4]           Professor Ben Selinger, Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 11 June 1999, p 69 (speaking about the Ranger uranium mine).

[5]           Mr Roger Beale, Department of the Environment and Heritage, Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 11 June 1999, p 35.

[6]           Dr Arthur Johnston, Supervising Scientist, Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 11 June 1999, p 4.

[7]           Northern Territory Government, Submission 49, p 5.

[8]           Dr Arthur Johnston, Supervising Scientist, Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 11 June 1999, p 9.

[9]           Supervising Scientist, Assessment of the Jabiluka Project, Report of the Supervising Scientist to the World Heritage Committee, April 1999, p 91.

[10]         Northern Territory Government, Submission 49, p 5.

[11]         Dr Arthur Johnston, Supervising Scientist, Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 11 June 1999, p 2.

[12]         Professor Robert Wasson, Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 11 June 1999, p 29.

[13]         Supervising Scientist, Assessment of the Jabiluka Project, Report of the Supervising Scientist to the World Heritage Committee, April 1999, p 99.

[14]         International Council of Scientific Unions, Review of an Independent Scientific Panel of the scientific issues associated with the proposed mining of uranium at Jabiluka in relation to the state of conservation of Kakadu National Park, May 1999, p 4.

[15]         Dr Arthur Johnston, Supervising Scientist, Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 11 June 1999, pp 8-9.

[16]         Dr Arthur Johnston, Supervising Scientist, Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 11 June 1999, pp 1-2.

[17]         Dr Arthur Johnston, Supervising Scientist, Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 11 June 1999, pp 2, 15.

[18]         Professor Robert Wasson, Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 11 June 1999, p 25.

[19]         Dr Peter Bridgewater, Senate Environment, Communications, Information Technology and the Arts Legislation Committee, Consideration of Additional Estimates, 5 May 1999, Proof Committee Hansard, p 323.

[20]         Professor Ben Selinger, Submission 25, p 4.

[21]         Professor Robert Wasson, Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 11 June 1999, p 26.

[22]         Dr Arthur Johnston, Supervising Scientist, Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 11 June 1999, p 14.

[23]         Dr Arthur Johnston, Supervising Scientist, Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 11 June 1999, p 10.

[24]         Professor Ian White, Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 11 June 1999, p 30.

[25]         Professor Ben Selinger, Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 11 June 1999, pp 70-71.

[26]         Mr Stewart Needham, Office of the Supervising Scientist, Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 11 June 1999, p 19.

[27]         Dr Arthur Johnston, Supervising Scientist, Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 11 June 1999, p 20.

[28]         International Council of Scientific Unions, Review of an Independent Scientific Panel of the scientific issues associated with the proposed mining of uranium at Jabiluka in relation to the state of conservation of Kakadu National Park, May 1999, p 21.

[29]         Dr Arthur Johnston, Supervising Scientist, Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 11 June 1999, pp 2-3.

[30]         Energy Resources of Australia, Submission 32, p 4.

[31]         Dr Arthur Johnston, Supervising Scientist, Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 11 June 1999, pp 16-17.

[32]         Supervising Scientist, Assessment of the Jabiluka Project, Report of the Supervising Scientist to the World Heritage Committee, April 1999, p 99.

[33]         Professor Ben Selinger, Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 11 June 1999, p 69.

[34]         Professor Ben Selinger, Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 11 June, p 74.

[35]         Supervising Scientist, Assessment of the Jabiluka Project, Report of the Supervising Scientist to the World Heritage Committee, April 1999, p 14.

[36]         Mr Mark Sonter, Submission 23, pp 1-2.

[37]         Supervising Scientist, Assessment of the Jabiluka Project, Report of the Supervising Scientist to the World Heritage Committee, April 1999, p 99.

[38]         Professor Ben Selinger, Submission 25, p 3; Mr Mark Sonter, Submission 23, p 2; Energy Resources of Australia, Submission 32, p 5.

[39]         Professor Ben Selinger, Canberra Times, 3 June 1999, p 10.

[40]         Mr Mark Sonter, Submission 23, p 2.

[41]         Energy Resources of Australia, Submission 32, p 5.

[42]         Mr Gerry Morvell, Department of the Environment and Heritage, Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 11 June 1999, p 47; Environment Australia, Environment Assessment Report, Proposal to Extract, Process and Export Uranium from Jabiluka Orebody No. 2: The Jabiluka Proposal, August 1997, pp 90‑96.

[43]         Energy Resources of Australia, Submission 32, pp 5-6.

[44]         Supervising Scientist, Assessment of the Jabiluka Project, Report of the Supervising Scientist to the World Heritage Committee, April 1999, p 91.

[45]         Mr John Roberts, Northern Land Council, Proof Committee Hansard, Darwin, 16 June 1999, pp 141‑142.

[46]         Energy Resources of Australia, Submission 32, p 7.

[47]         Mr Robin Bryant, Department of Industry, Science and Resources, Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 11 June 1999, p 56.

[48]         UNESCO World Heritage Committee, HerReport on the mission to Kakadu National Park, Australia, 26 October to 1 November 1998, Annex I, p 2.

[49]         Environment Australia, Australia’s Kakadu: Protecting World Heritage, April 1999, p 89.

[50]         Environment Australia, Australia’s Kakadu: Protecting World Heritage, April 1999, p 70.

[51]         Aboriginal Areas Protection Authority, Submission 52, p 1; Dr David Ritchie, Aboriginal Areas Protection Authority, Proof Committee Hansard, Darwin, 16 June 1999, p 172.

[52]         Proof Committee Hansard, Darwin, 16 June 1999, p 173.

[53]         Proof Committee Hansard, Darwin, 16 June 1999, p 150.

[54]         Letter from the Aboriginal Areas Protection Authority to the Northern Land Council, 20 July 1998, quoted in: Aboriginal Areas Protection Authority, Submission 52, p 1.

[55]         Energy Resources of Australia, Submission 32, p 7.

[56]         Environment Australia, Australia’s Kakadu: Protecting World Heritage, April 1999, p 21.

[57]         Proof Committee Hansard, Darwin, 16 June 1999, p 112.

[58]         Northern Territory Government, Submission 49, p 5.

[59]         Supervising Scientist, Assessment of the Jabiluka Project, Report of the Supervising Scientist to the World Heritage Committee, April 1999, p 14.

[60]         Supervising Scientist, Assessment of the Jabiluka Project, Report of the Supervising Scientist to the World Heritage Committee, April 1999, pp 98-99.

http://www.environment.gov.au/science/whc/TheMainReport.pdf

[61]         Environment Australia, Australia’s Kakadu: Protecting World Heritage, Response by the Government of Australia to the UNESCO World Heritage Committee Regarding Kakadu National Park, April 1999, pp 87-89.

http://www.biodiversity.environment.gov.au/kakadu/jabiluka/response.html

[62]         Environment Australia, Australia’s Kakadu: Protecting World Heritage, Response by the Government of Australia to the UNESCO World Heritage Committee Regarding Kakadu National Park, April 1999, pp 63-73.

http://www.biodiversity.environment.gov.au/kakadu/jabiluka/response.html