Footnotes

Chapter 1 - Introduction

[1]        House of Representatives Votes and Proceedings, No. 111–30 May 2012, p. 1522.

[2]        The bills were referred by the Senate Selection of Bills Committee '[t]o address concerns the scheme may increase costs and green tape for those involved'. See Senate Selection of Bills Committee, Report No. 7of 2012, Appendix 2.

[3]        House of Representatives Selection Committee, Report No. 55–31 May 2012, p. 3.

[4]        House of Representatives Standing Committee on Climate Change, Environment and the Arts website, 'Letter to the Chair of the Senate Environment and Communications Legislation Committee dated 4 July 2012', available: www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/House_of_Representatives_Committees?url=ccea/gaems/index.htm (accessed 26 July 2012).

[5]        Unless otherwise referenced, statistics and information in this section are drawn from Nhu Chee and Pam Pham, Economic Analysis of End-use Energy Intensity in Australia, Bureau of Resources and Energy Economics, Canberra, May 2012, pp 40–51, available: http://bree.gov.au/documents/publications/energy/Energy_intensity.pdf (accessed 4 July 2012).

[6]        The joule is the standard unit of energy in general scientific applications with a petajoule being a measure of energy equivalent to 10¹⁵ joules. One petajoule, or 278 gigawatt hours, is the heat energy content of approximately 43 000 tonnes of black coal or 29 million litres of petrol. See Department of Energy, Resources and Tourism, Energy in Australia 2012, Canberra, February 2012, p. xii.

[7]        Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts (DEWHA), Energy use in the residential sector: 1986­–2020, DEWHA, Canberra, 2008, p. ix.

[8]        Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency (DCCEE), Australian National Greenhouse Accounts: National Inventory Report 2010, volume 1, pp x and 36, available: www.climatechange.gov.au/publications/greenhouse-acctg/~/media/publications/greenhouse-acctg/NationalInventoryReport-2010-Vol-1.pdf (accessed 3 July 2012).

[9]        DCCEE, Australia's emissions projections 2010, www.climatechange.gov.au/publications/projections/australias-emissions-projections/emissions-projection-2010.aspx (accessed 4 July 2012).

[10]      DCCEE, Fact Sheet: Australia's Emissions Reduction Targets, p. 1, available: www.climatechange.gov.au/en/government/reduce/national-targets/~/media/government/reduce/NationalTarget-Factsheet-20111201-PDF.pdf (accessed 4 July 2012).

[11]      A. Talberg and I. McCluskey, Bills Digest No.4 2012-13: Greenhouse and Energy Minimum Standards Bill 2012, 14 August 2012, p. 4, available: http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/download/legislation/billsdgs/1847699/upload_binary/1847699.pdf (accessed 15 August 2012).

[12]      Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences (ABARES), Technology: Toward a low emissions future, ABARES Research Report 07.16, ABARES, Canberra, September 2007, p. 7, available: http://adl.brs.gov.au/data/warehouse/pe_abare99001392/rr07_16_low_emissions.indd.pdf (accessed 5 July 2012).

[13]      Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS) are minimum standards and regulations that certain products manufactured in or imported into Australia must meet. MEPS are enforced by state government legislation and regulations in Australia and national regulations in New Zealand. For more information see Equipment Energy Efficiency, About MEPS, available: www.energyrating.gov.au/programs/e3-program/meps/about/ (accessed 3 August 2012).

[14]      Council of Australian Governments (COAG), National strategy on energy efficiency, COAG, Canberra, July 2009, p. 18.

[15]      Since 1983 Australia and New Zealand have collaborated under the Australia New Zealand Closer Economic Relations Agreement (ANZCERTA). In 1996 the two nations agreed to the Trans-Tasman Mutual Recognition Arrangement (TTMRA). These two agreements require Australia and New Zealand to strive to minimise business costs between the two countries. As such there is trans-Tasman collaboration on energy labelling and standards under the E3 Program.

[16]      Equipment Energy Efficiency, About energy rating labels, available: www.energyrating.gov.au/programs/e3-program/energy-rating-labelling/about/ (accessed 3 August 2012).

[17]      Equipment Energy Efficiency, Legal Obligations for Retailers, available: http://www.energyrating.gov.au/regulations/legal-obligations/ (accessed 7 August 2012).

[18]      Equipment Energy Efficiency, About energy rating labels, available: www.energyrating.gov.au/programs/e3-program/energy-rating-labelling/about/ (accessed 3 August 2012).

[19]      Equipment Energy Efficiency, About energy rating labels, available: www.energyrating.gov.au/programs/e3-program/energy-rating-labelling/about/ (accessed 3 August 2012).

[20]      Equipment Energy Efficiency, Sample labels, available: www.energyrating.gov.au/products-themes/cooling/air-conditioners/sample-labels/ (accessed 1 August 2012).

[21]      George Wilkenfeld and Associates, Prevention is cheaper than cure – Avoiding carbon emissions through energy efficiency, January 2009, p. 4, available: www.energyrating.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/Energy_Rating_Documents/Library/Equipment_Energy_Efficiency_Program_%28E3%29/200901-projected-impacts.pdf (accessed 3 August 2012).

[22]      COAG, National Strategy on Energy Efficiency, 2 July 2009, p. 1, available: www.coag.gov.au/sites/default/files/National_strategy_energy_efficiency.pdf (accessed 3 August 2012).

[23]      COAG, National Strategy on Energy Efficiency, Measure 2.2.2, 2 July 2009, available: www.coag.gov.au/sites/default/files/National_strategy_energy_efficiency.pdf (accessed 3 August 2012).

[24]      DEWHA, Discussion paper on proposed national legislation for Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS) and Energy Labelling, DEWHA, Canberra, August 2009, available: www.energyrating.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/Energy_Rating_Documents/Library/General/National_Legislation/200908-meps-labelling-discussion.pdf (accessed 6 August 2012).

[25]      DCCEE, National legislation for MEPS and energy labelling, DCCEE, Canberra, August 2011, available: www.climatechange.gov.au/government/submissions/~/media/submissions/gems/industry-exposure-draft-of-bill-consultation-paper-pdf.pdf (accessed 6 August 2012).

[26]      DEWHA, Consultation Regulation Impact Statement: National legislation for appliance and equipment for Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS) and energy labelling, DEWHA, Canberra, January 2010, available: www.energyrating.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/201001-consultation-ris-national-MEPS-labelling.pdf (accessed 6 August 2012).

[27]      DCCEE, Supplementary discussion paper on compliance obligations and enforcement measures for the proposed national legislation for Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS) and energy labelling, DCCEE, Canberra, 2010, available: www.energyrating.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/201005-meps-supplementary-paper-compliance.pdf (accessed 6 August 2012).

[28]      DCCEE, National legislation for MEPS and energy labelling, DCCEE, Canberra, August 2011, available: www.climatechange.gov.au/government/submissions/~/media/submissions/gems/industry-exposure-draft-of-bill-consultation-paper-pdf.pdf (accessed 6 August 2012).

[29]      DCCEE, Responses to issues raised in August 2011 consultation on the Draft Greenhouse and Energy Minimum Standards (GEMS) Bill, available: http://climatechange.gov.au/government/submissions/closed-consultations/~/media/government/submissions/GEMS-responses-to-major-consultation-issues-pdf.pdf (accessed 6 August 2012).

[30]      Greenhouse and Energy Minimum Standards Bill 2012, Explanatory Memorandum, p. 1.

[31]      Greenhouse and Energy Minimum Standards Bill 2012, Explanatory Memorandum, p. 1.

[32]      The Hon Mark Dreyfus QC MP, House of Representatives Hansard, 30 May 2012, p. 12.

[33]      Information in this section has been drawn from the Greenhouse and Energy Minimum Standard Bill 2012, Explanatory Memorandum.

[34]      Greenhouse and Energy Minimum Standards Bill 2012, Explanatory Memorandum, p. 2.

[35]      Greenhouse and Energy Minimum Standards Bill 2012, clause 12.

[36]      Greenhouse and Energy Minimum Standards Bill 2012, subclause 11(1).

[37]      Greenhouse and Energy Minimum Standards Bill 2012, subclause 29(2).

[38]      Greenhouse and Energy Minimum Standards Bill 2012, clauses 23–34.

[39]      Greenhouse and Energy Minimum Standards Bill 2012, Explanatory Memorandum, p. 39.

[40]      Greenhouse and Energy Minimum Standards (Registration Fees) Bill 2012, Explanatory Memorandum, p. 3.

[41]      Senate Standing Committee for the Scrutiny of Bills, Alert Digest, No. 6 of 2012, pp 28–34.

[42]      Senate Standing Committee for the Scrutiny of Bills, Alert Digest, No. 6 of 2012, pp 28–31.

[43]      Senate Standing Committee for the Scrutiny of Bills, Alert Digest, No. 6 of 2012, pp 28–31.

[44]      Senate Standing Committee for the Scrutiny of Bills, Alert Digest, No. 6 of 2012, pp 30–32.

[45]      Senate Standing Committee for the Scrutiny of Bills, Alert Digest, No. 6 of 2012, pp 33–34.

[46]      Clean Energy Council, Submission 1, p. 1; Lighting Council of Australia, Submission 2, pp 1–2.

Chapter 2 - Key issues

[1]        Clean Energy Council, Submission 1, p. 1; Lighting Council of Australia, Submission 2, p. 1.

[2]        Clean Energy Council, Submission 1, p. 1.

[3]        Clean Energy Council, Submission 1, p. 1.

[4]        Clean Energy Council, Submission 1, p. 1.

[5]        Clean Energy Council, Submission 1, p. 1.

[6]        Clean Energy Council, Submission 1, p. 2.

[7]        Lighting Council of Australia, Submission 2, p. 1.

[8]        Lighting Council of Australia, Submission 2, p. 1.

[9]        Lighting Council of Australia, Submission 2, p. 1.

[10]      Lighting Council of Australia, Submission 2, p. 1.

[11]      Lighting Council of Australia, Submission 2, p. 1.

[12]      DCCEE, Answers to questions on notice, 2 August 2012 (received 10 August 2012), p. 2.

[13]      DCCEE, Answers to questions on notice, 2 August 2012 (received 10 August 2012), pp 4–5.

Coalition Dissenting Report

[1]        Lighting Council of Australia, Submission 2, p. 1.

[2]        Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, Answers to written questions on notice received 10 August 2012, pp. 2-3.

[3]        Senate Standing Committee for the Scrutiny of Bills, Alert Digest, No. 6 of 2012, pp. 28-34.

[4]        Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, Answers to written questions on notice received 10 August 2012, pp. 4-5.

[5]        Lighting Council of Australia, Submission 2, p. 2.