Footnotes

Report

[1]           Michael Grubb, The Kyoto Protocol: A Guide and Assessment, London: The Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1999, pp 118, 155.

[2]           Michael Grubb, The Kyoto Protocol: A Guide and Assessment, London: The Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1999, pp 156-157.

[3]           Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC Second Assessment Synthesis of Scientific-Technical Information Relevant to Interpreting Article 2 of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, Clause 2.7.

[4]           Combined Explanatory Memorandum, Renewable Energy (Electricity) Bill 2000/Renewable Energy (Electricity) (Charge) Bill 2000, p 5.

[5]           Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC Second Assessment Synthesis of Scientific-Technical Information Relevant to Interpreting Article 2 of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, Clause 2.7.

[6]           Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC Second Assessment Synthesis of Scientific-Technical Information Relevant to Interpreting Article 2 of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change.

[7]           Robert Watson, Marufu Zinyowera, Richard Moss, David Dokken ed. The Regional Impacts of Climate change: An Assessment of Vulnerability, Summary for Policymakers (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 1997); Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, Climate Change, Coral Bleaching and the Future of the World’s Coral Reefs (Sydney: Coral Reef Research Institute, 1998); Climate Impact Group, Climate Change Scenarios for the Australian Region (Melbourne: CSIRO Division of Atmospheric Research, 1996).

[8]           Australian Greenhouse Office, National Greenhouse Gas Inventory 1998, p A-3.

[9]           Australian Greenhouse Office, National Greenhouse Gas Inventory 1998, pp A-8-9; Combined Explanatory Memorandum, Renewable Energy (Electricity) Bill 2000/Renewable Energy (Electricity) (Charge) Bill 2000, p 6; See also Allen Consulting and McLennan Magasanik Associates, Energy Market Reform and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions: A Report to the Department of Industry, Science and Resources, March 1999.

[10]         Combined Explanatory Memorandum, Renewable Energy (Electricity) Bill 2000/Renewable Energy (Electricity) (Charge) Bill 2000, p 5.

[11]         See Environment Australia, Consultation Paper: Possible Application of a Greenhouse Trigger under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999, December 1999. See also the Australian Greenhouse Office’s four National Emissions Trading Discussion Papers: Establishing the Boundaries, March 1999; Issuing the Permits, June 1999; Crediting the Carbon, October 1999; Designing the Market, December 1999.

[12]         The Renewable Energy (Electricity) Bill 2000, Section 40, p 25; Australian Greenhouse Office, Submission 5, Attachment B, Graph: Phasing the target.

[13]         The Renewable Energy (Electricity) Bill 2000, Sections 8-28, 31-38.

[14]         Combined Explanatory Memorandum, Renewable Energy (Electricity) Bill 2000/Renewable Energy (Electricity) (Charge) Bill 2000, pp 2-3.

[15]         The Renewable Energy (Electricity) Bill 2000, Sections 35-9, 95-98.

[16]         Combined Explanatory Memorandum, Renewable Energy (Electricity) Bill 2000/Renewable Energy (Electricity) (Charge) Bill 2000, p 1.

[17]         Combined Explanatory Memorandum, Renewable Energy (Electricity) Bill 2000/Renewable Energy (Electricity) (Charge) Bill 2000, p 7.

[18]         Combined Explanatory Memorandum, Renewable Energy (Electricity) Bill 2000/Renewable Energy (Electricity) (Charge) Bill 2000, p 20.

[19]         National Greenhouse Inventory Committee, National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Analysis of Trends 1990-1997 (Canberra: Australian Greenhouse Office, 1999), p 34; Australian Greenhouse Office, National Greenhouse Gas Inventory 1998 (Canberra: Australian Greenhouse Office, 2000), p A-9.

[20]         For example, see Sustainable Energy Industry Association, Submission 16, p 1.

[21]         The Renewable Energy (Electricity) Bill 2000, Sections 13-17.

[22]         The Renewable Energy (Electricity) Bill 2000, p 11.

[23]         Australian Greenhouse Office, Fact Sheet: 2%: A boost for the renewable energy industry: A positive greenhouse outcome. http://www.greenhouse.gov.au/ markets/2percent_ren/fs_boost.html

[24]         Australian Greenhouse Office, Fact Sheet: 2%: A boost for the renewable energy industry: A positive greenhouse outcome. http://www.greenhouse.gov.au/ markets/2percent_ren/fs_boost.html

[25]         Australian Greenhouse Office, Fact Sheet: 2%: A boost for the renewable energy industry: A positive greenhouse outcome. http://www.greenhouse.gov.au/ markets/2percent_ren/fs_boost.html

[26]         Ms Karla Wass, Proof Committee Hansard, 14 July 2000, p 203.

[27]         SEIA, Submission 16, pp 3-4.

[28]         Greenpeace, Submission 12, p 7.

[29]         Australian Greenhouse Office, Submission 5, p 8.

[30]         Greenpeace, Submission 12, p 7.

[31]         Australian Conservation Foundation, Submission 9, pp 2-3.

[32]         National Association of Forest Industries, Submission 17.

[33]         Sustainable Energy Development Authority, Green Power Briefing: Greenpower and Wood Wastes, p 1.

[34]         Sustainable Energy Development Authority, National Green Power Accreditation Program: Accreditation Document, Version 1, January 2000, Appendix A, p 14.

[35]         Australian Greenhouse Office, Submission 5, p 8.

[36]         Australian Greenhouse Office, Submission 5, p 8.

[37]         Renewable Energy Generators of Australia, Submission 6, p 6.

[38]         The Hon. Peter Rae, Proof Committee Hansard, 13 July 2000, p 89.

[39]         Western Australia, Ministry of the Premier and Cabinet, Submission No.26, p.3

[40]         Dr Harry Schaap, Proof Committee Hansard, 14 July 2000, p 159.

[41]         Mr Grant Flynn, Proof Committee Hansard, 14 July 2000, p 186.

[42]         Australian Conservation Foundation, Submission 9, p 3; Proof Committee Hansard, 13 July 2000, p 28.

[43]         Mr Shane Rattenbury, Proof Committee Hansard, 13 July 2000, p 60.

[44]         SEIA, Submission 16, p 2.

[45]         Australian Wind Energy Association, Submission 3, p 2.

[46]         Dr Keith Lovegrove, Proof Committee Hansard, 14 July 2000, p 143.

[47]         Proof Committee Hansard, 13 July 2000, p 7.

[48]         Proof Committee Hansard, 14 July 2000, p 145.

[49]         Mr Ric Brazzale, Proof Committee Hansard, 14 July 2000, p 156.

[50]         Mr Harry Schaap, Proof Committee Hansard, 14 July 2000, p 159.

[51]         Mr Philip Harrington, Proof Committee Hansard, 14 July 2000, p 184.

[52]         Combined Explanatory Memorandum, Renewable Energy (Electricity) Bill 2000/Renewable Energy (Electricity) (Charge) Bill 2000, pp 25-26.

[53]         Mr Phillip Harrington, Proof Committee Hansard, 14 July 2000, p 178.

[54]         Australian Industry Group, Submission No.23, Australian Aluminium Council, Submission 29, p 6.

[55]         Mr John Eyles, Proof Committee Hansard, 14 July 2000, p 145.

[56]         Combined Explanatory Memorandum, Renewable Energy (Electricity) Bill 2000/Renewable Energy (Electricity) (Charge) Bill 2000, p 19.

[57]         Source: Combined Explanatory Memorandum, Renewable Energy (Electricity) Bill 2000/Renewable Energy (Electricity) (Charge) Bill 2000, p 19.

[58]         Australian Aluminium Council, Submission 29, p 6.

[59]         Greenpower Services, Submission 15, pp 1-2.

[60]         Mr Phillip Harrington, Proof Committee Hansard, 14 July 2000, p 178.

[61]         REGA, Submission 6a, P 6.

[62]         Dr Clive Hamilton, Proof Committee Hansard, 13 July 2000, p 37.

[63]         Mr Paul Simhauser, Proof Committee Hansard, 13 July 2000, p 70.

[64]         Dr Harry Schaap, Proof Committee Hansard, 14 July 2000, p 162.

[65]         Dr Clive Hamilton, Proof Committee Hansard, 13 July 2000, p 37.

[66]         Dr Clive Hamilton, Proof Committee Hansard, 13 July 2000, p 37.

[67]         Proof Committee Hansard, 13 July 2000, p 42.

[68]         Australian Greenhouse Office, Submission 5, p 8.

[69]         Dr Robert Lang, Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 13 July 2000, p 48.

[70]         Pacific Power, (Confidential) Submission 1a; Submission 1, Figure 1.

[71]         Renewable Energy Generators of Australia, Submission 6, p 2.

[72]         Australian Cogeneration Association, Submission 11, p 4.

[73]         Mr Alan Pears, Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 13 July 2000, pp 5-6.

[74]         Renewable Energy Electricity Bill 2000, p 25; Renewable Energy Generators Australia, Submission 6, p 9 and Pacific Power, Submission 1, p 2.

[75]         Proof Committee Hansard, 13 July 2000, p 77.

[76]         Australian Greenhouse Office, Submission 5, p 8.

[77]         Proof Committee Hansard, 13 July 2000, p 38.

[78]         Australian Industry Greenhouse Network, Submission 27, p 4.

[79]         Alcoa of Australia Ltd, Submission 25, p 15.

[80]         Australian Aluminium Council, Submission 29, p 6.

[81]         Australian Conservation Foundation, Submission 9, p 2.

[82]         Dr Clive Hamilton, Proof Committee Hansard, 13 July 2000, p 37.

[83]         Australian Conservation Foundation, Submission 9, p 2.

[84]         Greenpeace, Submission 12, p 5.

[85]         Proof Committee Hansard, 14 July 2000, p 176.

[86]         Proof Committee Hansard, 14 July 2000, p 177.

[87]         Australian Conservation Foundation, Submission 9, p 2.

[88]         Greenpeace, Submission 12, p 2.

[89]         Dr Clive Hamilton, Proof Committee Hansard, 13 July 2000, p 43.

[90]         The Renewable Energy (Electricity) Bill 2000, Section 31, p 20.

[91]         Normandy Mining Limited, Submission 19.

[92]         Normandy Mining Limited, Submission 19.

[93]         Comalco Aluminium Ltd., Submission 22, p 7.

[94]         Australian Aluminium Council, Submission 29, pp 6-7; Alcoa Ltd., Submission 25, pp 10-11.

[95]         Australian Greenhouse Office, Answers to Questions on Notice.

[96]         The Renewable Energy (Electricity) Bill 2000, Section 31, p 20.

[97]         Mr Ric Brazzale, Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 14 July 2000, p 157.

[98]         ACA, Submission 11, p 6.

[99]         Australian Greenhouse Office, Answers to Questions on Notice.

[100]       Australian Cogeneration Associations, Correspondence, 3 August 2000.

[101]       Australian Aluminium Council, Submission No.29. Attachment 1, Alcoa of Australia Ltd. Sub. No. 25, Rio Tinto Ltd., Sub. No. 30.

[102]       Comalco Aluminium Ltd, Submission No. 22, p.10, Australian Aluminium Council, Submission No.29, p.8

[103]       Comalco Aluminium Ltd, Submission No. 22, p.9.

[104]       Australian Aluminium Council,, Submission No. 29, ESAA, Submission No. 13a and Australian Industry Greenhouse Network, Submission No.27, p. 5

[105]       Australian Aluminium Council,, Submission No. 29, p.9

[106]       ESAA, Submission No. 13a, p.4.

[107]       Dr Clive Hamilton, Proof Committee Hansard, 13 July 2000, p 43.

[108]       Mr David Abba, Proof Committee Hansard, 13 July 2000, p 2.

[109]       Hydro Tasmania, Submission 7a, pp 3-4.

[110]       REGA, Submission 6a, pp 10-11.

[111]       Mr Philip Harrington, Proof Committee Hansard, 14 July 2000, p 202.

Senator Brown's Report

[1] See for example, evidence from Prof. H. Outhred, Senate Global Warming Inquiry, 17 April 2000

[2] The ESAA estimates that the real target for an additional 2% from renewables in 2010 is 14600 GWh (not 9500 GWh).  An additional 10% therefore requires a target of 73 000 GWh).