Footnotes

Chapter 1 - Introduction and background

[1]        Journals of the Senate, 26 June 2014, p. 1017; Journals of the Senate, 2 September 2014, p. 1390; Journals of the Senate, 28 October 2014, p. 1629; Journals of the Senate, 3 December 2014, p. 1965.

[2]        Senate Legal and Constitutional Affairs References Committee, Interim Report into the incident at Manus Island Detention Centre from 16 February to 18 February 2014, 5 December 2014.

[3]        Dr Rosemary Laing, Clerk of the Senate, Advice sought by the committee in relation to evidence from witnesses overseas, 21 March 2014.

[4]        Information in this section has been referenced from Janet Phillips and Harriet Spinks, Immigration detention in Australia, Background Note, Parliamentary Library, 20 March 2013.

[5]        Some asylum seekers were also processed on Christmas Island.

[6]        Greg Barns, 'Island "jails" not the answer', Hobart Mercury, 20 August 2012.

[7]        Adam Hegarty, 'Church boss raps asylum law: long wait "inhumane"', Adelaide Advertiser, 27 August 2012. 

[8]        Cameron Stewart, 'Few hear the policy on boats', Weekend Australian, 1 September 2012.

[9]        The Hon Chris Bowen MP, Minister for Immigration and Citizenship, 'Australia and Papua New Guinea sign updated memorandum of understanding', Media release, 8 September 2012. 

[10]      The Hon Chris Bowen MP, Minister for Immigration and Citizenship, 'First transfer to Papua New Guinea', Media Release, 21 November 2012.

[11]      Oliver Laughland, 'Government transports children from detention on Manus Island', The Guardian, 20 June 2013, http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/20/manus-island-children-removed (accessed 8 August 2014).  See also AAP, 'Asylum families removed from Manus Island: DIAC', SBS News, 21 June 2013, http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/2013/06/21/asylum-families-removed-manus-island-diac (accessed 8 August 2014).

[12]      Submission 29, pp 2–3. 

[13]      Government of Papua New Guinea and the Government of Australia, Regional Resettlement Arrangement between Australia and Papua New Guinea (Regional Resettlement Arrangement), 19 July 2013, http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/png/regional-resettlement-arrangement-20130719.pdf (accessed 8 August 2014). 

[14]      Regional Resettlement Arrangement, 19 July 2013.

[15]      Regional Resettlement Arrangement,19 July 2013.

[16]      Regional Resettlement Arrangement, 19 July 2013.

[17]      The Hon Kevin Rudd MP, Prime Minister, 'Regional Resettlement Arrangement', Transcript of joint press conference, 19 July 2013.

[18]      The Hon Tony Burke MP, Minister for Immigration, Multicultural Affairs and Citizenship, 'Regional Resettlement Arrangement', Transcript of joint press conference, 19 July 2013.

[19]      Government of Papua New Guinea and the Government of Australia, Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea and the Government of Australia, relating to the transfer to, and assessment and resettlement in, Papua New Guinea of certain persons, and related issues (2013 MOU), 6 August 2013, https://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/png/joint-mou-20130806.pdf (accessed 7 August 2014).

[20]      Government of Papua New Guinea and the Government of Australia, 2013 MOU, 6 August 2013.   

[21]      Government of Papua New Guinea and the Government of Australia, 2013 MOU, 6 August 2013. 

[22]      Liberal Party of Australia, The Coalition's Operation Sovereign Borders Policy, July 2013, http://electionwatch.edu.au/sites/default/files/docs/Operation%20Sovereign%20Borders_1.pdf (accessed 11 August 2014), p. 2. 

[23]      Department of Defence, 'Major General Angus Campbell, DSC, AM promoted to Lieutenant General', Media release, 19 September 2013. 

[24]      Australian Customs and Border Protection Service, Operation Sovereign Borders,  http://www.customs.gov.au/site/operation-sovereign-borders.asp (accessed 11 August 2014). 

[25]      Lt Gen. Angus Campbell, DSC, AM, Commander, Joint Agency Task Force, Committee Hansard, 11 July 2014, p. 18.

[26]      Lt Gen. Angus Campbell, DSC, AM, Committee Hansard, 11 July 2014, p. 33; Document tabled by Lieutenant General Angus Campbell, DSC, AM at a public hearing on 11 July 2014 – Operation Sovereign Borders Manus OPC Force Protection Review.

[27]      Amnesty International, 'This is breaking people: human rights violations at Australia's asylum seeker processing centre on Manus Island, Papua New Guinea', December 2013, (included as Submission 22, Attachment 1), p. 36. 

[28]      Mr Robert Cornall AO, Review into the events of 16-18 February 2014 at the Manus Regional Processing Centre, 23 May 2014, p. 20.

[29]      G4S, Submission 29, Attachment 2.

[30]      Mr Kevin Pye, G4S, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 38.

[31]      The Hon Rimbik Pato OBE, LLB, MP, Papua New Guinea Minister for Foreign Affairs and Immigration, Update to Parliament on Regional Resettlement Arrangements, 18 September 2013, p. 4, http://www.immigration.gov.pg/minister/67-update-to-parliament-on-regional-resettlement-arrangements.html (accessed 12 August 2014).

[32]      Mr Mark Cormack, Deputy Secretary, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Committee Hansard, 11 July 2014, p. 19.

[33]      Mr Kenneth Douglas, First Assistant Secretary, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Committee Hansard, 11 July 2014, p. 27.

[34]      Mr Kenneth Douglas, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Committee Hansard, 11 July 2014, p. 27.

[35]      Mr Kevin Pye, G4S, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 38.

[36]      Amnesty International, Submission 22, Attachment 1, p. 37.

[37]      Liam Fox, 'Locals welcome refugee centre', ABC Radio, 23 August 2012. 

[38]      Liam Fox, 'Manus Islanders want spin-offs from re-opened asylum centre', ABC Radio, 23 August 2012. 

[39]      Liam Fox, 'Landowners want $45m for Manus Island processing centre', ABC Radio, 21 September 2012. 

[40]      Liam Fox, 'Manus locals threaten detention camp sabotage', ABC Radio, 20 October 2012. 

[41]      Liam Fox, 'Manus locals threaten detention camp sabotage', ABC Radio, 20 October 2012. 

[42]      Gemma Jones, 'Nauru waiting to explode', Daily Telegraph, 7 November 2012. 

[43]      Liam Fox, 'Angry landowners sabotage Manus Island processing centre', ABC Radio, 13 November 2012. 

[44]      Liam Fox, 'Angry landowners sabotage Manus Island processing centre', ABC Radio, 13 November 2012. 

[45]      Rowan Callick, 'Threat to shut down PNG site', The Australian, 22 November 2012. 

[46]      Liam Fox, 'Manus Island processing plans raise concerns for locals', 7.30, ABC, 29 July 2013. 

[47]      G4S, Submission 29, p. 3 and Liam Fox, 'Angry landowners sabotage Manus Island processing centre', ABC Radio, 13 November 2012. 

[48]      UNHCR, 'UNHCR finds significant legal and operational inadequacies at Manus Island', 4 February 2013, http://unhcr.org.au/unhcr/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=284:unhcr-finds-significant-legal-and-operational-inadequacies-at-manus-island&catid=35:news-a-media&Itemid=63 (accessed 8 September 2014). 

[49]      Submission 29, p. 3. 

[50]      Submission 29, pp 2 and 3.

[51]      Submission 29, p. 3.

[52]      Amnesty International, Submission 22, Attachment 1.

[53]      The Hon Scott Morrison MP, Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, 'Manus Island incident', Press conference, 18 February 2014, Canberra, www.minister.immi.gov.au/media/sm/2014/sm211891.htm (accessed 24 September 2014); Mr Robert Cornall AO, Committee Hansard, 12 June 2014, p. 9.

[54]      Mr Robert Cornall AO, Review into the events of 16-18 February 2014 at the Manus Regional Processing Centre, p. 14; The Hon Scott Morrison MP, Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, 'Manus Island incident, Operation Sovereign Borders, joint review', Press Conference, 21 February 2014, Canberra, http://www.minister.immi.gov.au/media/sm/2014/sm212027.htm (accessed 30 October 2014).

[55]      Mr Robert Cornall AO, Review into the events of 16-18 February 2014 at the Manus Regional Processing Centre, p. 2.

[56]      Mr Robert Cornall AO, Committee Hansard, 12 June 2014, p. 1.

[57]      Mr Martin Bowles PSM, Secretary, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 2. The Cornall Review is available at https://www.immi.gov.au/about/dept-info/_files/review-robert-cornall.pdf  (accessed 2 October 2014).

[58]      Mr Robert Cornall AO, Review of the events of 16-18 February 2014 at the Manus Regional Processing Centre, pp 12-13.

[59]      Mr Robert Cornall AO, Review into the events of 16-18 February 2014 at the Manus Regional Processing Centre, pp 87-88.

[60]      Mr Martin Bowles PSM, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 2.

Chapter 2 - Administrative arrangements at the Manus Island Regional Processing Centre

[1]        Committee Hansard, 11 July 2014, p. 26.

[2]        The PNG operations manager was responsible for addressing transferee representatives at a key meeting on the afternoon of 16 February 2014, which is seen as a key trigger to the subsequent protests that ensued on the evenings of 16 and 17 February (see chapter 5).

[3]        Mr Mark Cormack, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Committee Hansard, 11 July 2014, p. 46.

[4]        Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Answers to questions taken on notice at public hearing on 11 July 2014, and written questions (received 15 August 2014), [p. 12].

[5]        Mr Robert Cornall AO, Review into the events of 16-18 February 2014 at the Manus Regional Processing Centre, 23 May 2014, p. 78.

[6]        Submission 29, p. 6.

[7]        The Hon Scott Morrison MP, Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, 'Manus Island incident, Operation Sovereign Borders, joint review', Press Conference, 21 February 2014, Canberra, http://www.minister.immi.gov.au/media/sm/2014/sm212027.htm (accessed 30 October 2014).

[8]        Mr Martin Bowles PSM, Secretary, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 2.

[9]        G4S, Submission 29, p. 9.

[10]      Submission 29, p. 9.

[11]      Submission 29, p. 10.

[12]      Submission 29, p. 10.

[13]      Ms Sharon Callister, CEO Humanitarian Mission Services, Salvation Army, Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 19.

[14]      Part 2B (pp 46-54), 'Salvation Army – Contract for provision of services on Regional Processing Countries', Additional Information provided by the Department of Immigration and Border Protection – contracts (received 30 May 2014), [pp 521-529].

[15]      Part 2B, Paragraph 3.1.1.a (p. 47), 'Salvation Army – Contract for provision of services on Regional Processing Countries', Additional Information provided by the Department of Immigration and Border Protection – contracts (received 30 May 2014), [p. 522].

[16]      Part B, Clauses 3.2-3.3 (p. 48), 'Salvation Army – Contract for provision of services on Regional Processing Countries', Additional Information provided by the Department of Immigration and Border Protection – contracts (received 30 May 2014), [p. 523].

[17]      Part 2B, Section 5 (pp 50-53), 'Salvation Army – Contract for provision of services on Regional Processing Countries', Additional Information provided by the Department of Immigration and Border Protection – contracts (received 30 May 2014), [pp 525-528].

[18]      Dr Mark Parrish, Regional Medical Director, IHMS, Committee Hansard, 11 July 2014, p. 2.

[19]      Committee Hansard, 11 July 2014, p. 2.

[20]      Committee Hansard, 11 July 2014, p. 2.

[21]      Submission 29, p. 2.

[22]      Submission 29, pp 9 and 10.

[23]      Submission 29, p. 10.

[24]      Clause 6.7 (page 15), 'G4S – Contract for provisions of services on Manus Island (PNG)', Additional Information provided by the Department of Immigration and Border Protection – contracts (received 30 May 2014), [p. 20]. Similar provisions were included in the contacts of the Salvation Army and Transfield.

[25]      Mr Derek Osborn, Executive General Manager, Logistics and Facilities Management, Transfield Services, Committee Hansard, 1 June 2014, p. 60.

[26]      Transfield Services, Responses to questions taken on notice at a public hearing on 11 June 2014 (received 23 July 2014), p. 2.

[27]      See, for example, Schedule 3 Confidentiality Deed, 'G4S – Contract for provisions of services on Manus Island (PNG)', Additional Information provided by the Department of Immigration and Border Protection – contracts (received 30 May 2014), [pp 85-88].

[28]      Mr Mark Cormack, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Committee Hansard, 11 July 2014, p. 32.

[29]      See: Mr Andrew Wilkie MP, Submission 4, p. 1; Ms Elizabeth Thompson, Submission 19, p. 3; Ms Kristi Moffatt, Submission 36, [p. 1]; Mr Darren Boyd, Regional Managing Director, G4S, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, pp 62-63.

[30]      Mr Simon Taylor, Submission 6, [pp 1 and 7]; Ms Kristi Moffatt, Submission 36, [p. 6]; Mr Steven Kilburn, Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, pp 1-2; Ms Nicole Judge, Committee Hansard, 12 June 2014, pp 37-38.

[31]      Clause 3.3.1 (page 9), 'G4S – Contract for provisions of services on Manus Island (PNG)', Additional Information provided by the Department of Immigration and Border Protection – contracts (received 30 May 2014), [p. 9]. An identical clause was included in the Salvation Army's contract with the Department, and a similar clause referring to both PNG and Nauru has been included in Transfield Services' contract. 

[32]      See, for example: Schedule 1, Clause 17.3 (pages 28-29), 'G4S – Contract for provisions of services on Manus Island (PNG)', and clause 17.3 (page 29), 'Salvation Army – Contract for provision of services on Regional Processing Countries', Additional Information provided by the Department of Immigration and Border Protection – contracts (received 30 May 2014), [pp 33‑34 and 504 respectively].

[33]      Schedule 15 – Australian Government and Department Policies, 'IHMS Regional Processing Countries Health Services Contract', Additional Information provided by the Department of Immigration and Border Protection – contracts (received 30 May 2014), [pp 466-468].

[34]      The department's contracts with IHMS, the Salvation Army and Transfield Services are all governed under the law of the Australian Capital Territory, while G4S's contract is subject to the law of Victoria.  

[35]      Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Answers to questions taken on notice at public hearing on 11 July 2014 (received 15 August 2014), [p. 6].

[36]      See, for example: Clauses 4.2-4.3 (page 10), 'G4S – Contract for provisions of services on Manus Island (PNG)', and clause 4.3, 'Salvation Army – Contract for provision of services on Regional Processing Countries', Additional Information provided by the Department of Immigration and Border Protection – contracts (received 30 May 2014), [pp 15 and 486 respectively].

[37]      See: Schedule 1, Clause 18.2.2 (pages 68-69), 'G4S – Contract for provisions of services on Manus Island (PNG)', and clause 8.2.2 (page 43), 'Salvation Army – Contract for provision of services on Regional Processing Countries', Additional Information provided by the Department of Immigration and Border Protection – contracts (received 30 May 2014), [pp 73-74 and 518 respectively].

[38]      Mr Christopher Iacono, Submission 20, [p. 3]; Ms Nicole Judge, Submission 12, pp 11-12.

[39]      Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 2.

[40]      Schedule 1, Clauses 1.2.2-1.2.3 (page 33), 'G4S – Contract for provisions of services on Manus Island (PNG)', Additional Information provided by the Department of Immigration and Border Protection – contracts (received 30 May 2014), [p. 38].

[41]      Mr Derek Osburn, Transfield Services, Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 59. Transfield also noted that (unlike for G4S's contract) the definition of 'local' was not specified as Manus Island, see: Transfield Services, Responses to questions taken on notice at a public hearing on 11 June 2014 (received 23 July 2014), p. 2.

[42]      Australian High Commission in Papua New Guinea, 'Regional Processing Centre: Economic Opportunities Fact Sheet 1 as at 15 July', p. 1, http://www.png.embassy.gov.au/pmsb/media.html (accessed 12 August 2014).

[43]      Australian High Commission in Papua New Guinea, 'Regional Processing Centre on Manus: Economic and Aid Update Fact Sheet 1 – Economic Opportunities as at 31 July 2014', p. 1, http://www.png.embassy.gov.au/pmsb/media.html (accessed 10 September 2014).

[44]      Australian High Commission in Papua New Guinea, 'Regional Processing Centre on Manus: Economic Opportunities Fact Sheet 1 as at 10 January 2014', p. 1, http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-02-27/who-is-responsible-for-asylum-seekers-detained-on-manus/5275598 (accessed 12 September 2014).

[45]      Mr Derek Osborn, Transfield Services, Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 61.

[46]      Australian High Commission in Papua New Guinea, 'Economic and Development Benefits to PNG of the Regional Resettlement Arrangement as at 7 November 2014', Fact Sheet, p. 2, http://www.png.embassy.gov.au/pmsb/media.html (accessed 24 November 2014).

[47]      The managing contractor for these projects, Decmil Australia, has reportedly had its contract with the Commonwealth to deliver these works upgraded to be worth a total of $235 million AUD. See: Sonia Kohlbacher and Paige Taylor, 'Deal signed for significant Manus Island detention centre upgrade', The Australian, 8 September 2014, http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/immigration/deal-signed-for-significant-manus-island-detention-centre-upgrade/story-fn9hm1gu-1227050794419 (accessed 12 September 2014).

[48]      Australian High Commission in Papua New Guinea, 'Regional Processing Centre on Manus: Economic and Aid Update Fact Sheet 1 – Economic Opportunities as at 31 July 2014', pp 1-2.

[49]      Mr Darren Boyd, G4S, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 50.

[50]      Mr Chris Manning, Managing Director of Immigration Services, G4S, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 50.

[51]      Mr Darren Boyd, G4S, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 50.

[52]      Clause 5.4.2 (page 12), 'G4S – Contract for provisions of services on Manus Island (PNG)', Additional Information provided by the Department of Immigration and Border Protection – contracts (received 30 May 2014), [p. 38].

[53]      Submission 29, Attachment 3, p. 2.

[54]      Submission 29, Attachment 3, pp 2-3.

[55]      Mr Darren Boyd, G4S, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 56.

[56]      Mr John McCaffery, Deputy General Manager Manus Island Detention Centre, G4S, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, pp 56-57.

[57]      Submission 29, Attachment 3, p. 3.

[58]      Submission 18, pp 1-2.

[59]      Mr Andrew Wilkie MP, Submission 4, p. 11.

[60]      Submission 10, p. 4. See also: Additional information provided to the committee, Document tabled by Mr Martin Appleby at public hearing on 12 June 2014 – witness statement, [p. 4].

[61]      Submission 2, p. 1. See also: Mr Martin Applebly, Submission 10, pp 4-5.

[62]      Submission 2, Attachment 1, p. 1.

[63]      Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 16.

[64]      Supplementary Submission 29.1, p. 5.

[65]      Ms Nicole Judge, Submission 12, pp 2-3.

[66]      Committee Hansard, 12 June 2014, pp 36-37.

[67]      Committee Hansard, 12 June 2014, p. 37.

[68]      The Salvation Army, Submission 34, pp 7-8.

[69]      The Salvation Army, Submission 34, p. 8.

[70]      Mr Mark Cormack, Committee Hansard, 11 July 2014, p. 50.

Chapter 3 - Conditions and service provision at the Manus Island RPC

[1]        Committee Hansard, 12 June 2014, p. 31. 

[2]        Mr Mark Cormack, Deputy Secretary, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Committee Hansard, 11 July 2014, p. 19.

[3]        G4S, Submission 29, p. 3.

[4]        Additional Information provided by the Department of Immigration and Border Protection – population at Manus Island detention centre (received 6 June 2014), p. 1.

[5]        Nationality groups of fewer than 10 individuals have been de-identified by the department due to privacy concerns.

[6]        Mr Kenneth Douglas, First Assistant Secretary, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Committee Hansard, 11 July 2014, p. 29. 

[7]        Schedule 1, Clause 1.1.8 (page 35), 'Contract in relation to the provision of garrison and welfare services at Regional Processing Countries', Additional Information provided by the Department of Immigration and Border Protection – contracts (received 30 May 2014), [p. 634].

[8]        Mr Chris Manning, Managing Director of Immigration Services, G4S, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 60.

[9]        G4S, Submission 29, p. 5. 

[10]      Mr Luke Geary, Salvos Legal, Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 31.

[11]      Mr Luke Geary, Salvos Legal, Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 33.

[12]      Ms Sharon Callister, CEO Humanitarian Mission Services, Salvation Army, Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, pp 21-22.

[13]      See, for example: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Submission 21, p. 4; Human Rights Law Centre, Submission17, p. 8; Mr Martin Appleby, Document tabled at public hearing on 12 June 2014 – Witness statement, p. 5; Amnesty International, Submission 22, p. 3.

[14]      Amnesty International, 'This is breaking people: human rights violations at Australia's asylum seeker processing centre on Manus Island, Papua New Guinea', December 2013, (included as Submission 22, Attachment 1), p. 36.

[15]      Submission 22, Attachment 1, p. 38. 

[16]      Mr Martin Appleby, Document tabled at public hearing on 12 June 2014 – Witness statement, pp 3 and 5. 

[17]      Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 7. 

[18]      Mr Martin Appleby, Document tabled at public hearing on 12 June 2014 – Witness statement, p. 5. 

[19]      Submission 22, Attachment 1, p. 41. 

[20]      'Australian Government's Response to Amnesty International reports arising from visits to Manus Offshore Processing Centre', Additional Information provided by Amnesty International (received 23 July 2014), pp 3-4.

[21]      Submission 20, [pp 4 and 5]. See also: UNHCR, UNHCR monitoring visit to Manus Island, Papua New Guinea 23 to 25 October 2013, November 2013, p. 18.

[22]      Mr Martin Appleby, Document tabled at public hearing on 12 June 2014 – Witness statement, p. 5. 

[23]      Mr Martin Appleby, Document tabled at public hearing on 12 June 2014 – Witness statement , p. 5. See also: Miss Nicole Judge, Submission 12, p. 4.

[24]      'Australian Government's Response to Amnesty International reports arising from visits to Manus Offshore Processing Centre', Additional Information provided by Amnesty International (received 23 July 2014), p. 4.

[25]      Submission 12, p. 4.

[26]      Mr Martin Appleby, Document tabled at public hearing on 12 June 2014 – Witness statement, p. 6. 

[27]      Schedule 2, Clause 18 (page 37), 'IHMS Regional Processing Countries Health Services Contract', Information provided by the Department of Immigration and Border Protection – contracts (received 30 May 2014), [p. 321].

[28]      IHMS, Responses to written questions on notice (received 14 August 2014), [p. 1].

[29]      Submission 22, Attachment 1, pp 53 and 54.

[30]      Submission 20, [pp 4-5].

[31]      Submission 12, pp 3-4.

[32]      See, for example: Mr Steven Kilburn, Submission 18, pp 3-4.

[33]      IHMS, Responses to questions taken on notice at a public hearing on 11 July 2014 (received 1 August 2014), [p. 4].

[34]      Dr Mark Parrish, Regional Medical Director, IHMS, Committee Hansard, 11 July 2014, p. 10.

[35]      Submission 12, p. 6. See also: Mr Steven Kilburn, Submission 18, pp 4-5; Name Withheld, Submission 33, [pp 2 and 4].

[36]      Dr Mark Parrish, IHMS, Committee Hansard, 11 July 2014, pp 2-3.

[37]      IHMS, Responses to questions taken on notice at a public hearing on 11 July 2014 (received 1 August 2014), [p. 4].

[38]      IHMS, Responses to questions taken on notice at a public hearing on 11 July 2014 (received 11 July 2014), pp 1-3; and IHMS, Responses to questions taken on notice at a public hearing on 11 July 2014 (received 1 August 2014), [p. 6].

[39]      Submission 22, Attachment 1, p. 57.

[40]      IHMS, Responses to questions taken on notice at a public hearing on 11 July 2014 (received 1 August 2014), [p. 1].

[41]      IHMS, Responses to questions taken on notice at a public hearing on 11 July 2014 (received 1 August 2014), [p. 4].

[42]      Dr Mark Parrish, IHMS, Committee Hansard, 11 July 2014, p. 3.

[43]      Additional Information provided by the Department of Immigration and Border Protection – health services (received 6 June 2014), p. 1.

[44]      IHMS, Responses to questions taken on notice at a public hearing on 11 July 2014 (received 1 August 2014), [p. 4].

[45]      Mr Darren Boyd, Southern Pacific Regional Managing Director, G4S, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 37.

[46]      Mr Darren Boyd, G4S, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 37.

[47]      Mr Kenneth Douglas, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 22.

[48]      G4S, Submission 29, pp 2-4.

[49]      Mr Darren Boyd, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, pp 37-38.

[50]      Lt Gen. Angus Campbell, DSC, AM, Commander, Joint Agency Task Force, Committee Hansard, 11 July 2014, p. 18.

[51]      Lt Gen. Campbell, Committee Hansard, 11 July 2014, p. 33; Lt Gen. Campbell, Document tabled at a public hearing on 11 July 2014 – Operation Sovereign Borders Manus OPC Force Protection Review.

[52]      Lt Gen. Campbell, Document tabled at a public hearing on 11 July 2014 – Operation Sovereign Borders Manus OPC Force Protection Review, pp 1-2.

[53]      Lt Gen. Campbell, Document tabled at a public hearing on 11 July 2014 – Operation Sovereign Borders Manus OPC Force Protection Review, pp 1-2.

[54]      The Hon Scott Morrison MP, Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, 'Manus Island incident', Press Conference, Canberra, 26 May 2014.

[55]      Mr Martin Bowles PSM, Secretary, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 17.

[56]      Committee Hansard, 11 July 2014, p. 19.

[57]      Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 2.

[58]      The Hon Scott Morrison MP, Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, 'Restoring integrity and public confidence in Immigration and Border Protection' Address to the National Press Club, Canberra, 10 September 2014, at: http://www.minister.immi.gov.au/media/sm/2014/sm217736.htm (accessed 4 November 2014).

[59]      Mr Derek Osborn, Executive General Manager Logistics and Facilities Management, Transfield Services, Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 57.

[60]      Mr Fraser Douglass, Executive General Manager Government Business, Transfield Services, Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 58.

[61]      See for example: Mr Steven Kilburn, Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 7. 

[62]      Committee Hansard, 12 June 2014, p. 31.

[63]      Committee Hansard, 12 June 2014, p. 33. See also Mr Steven Kilburn, Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 17.

[64]      Committee Hansard, 12 June 2014, p. 32. See also Mr Martin Appleby, Committee Hansard, 12 June 2014, p. 41. 

[65]      Committee Hansard, 12 June 2014, p. 32. 

[66]      Committee Hansard, 12 June 2014, p. 32. 

[67]      Committee Hansard, 12 June 2014, p. 32.

[68]      Committee Hansard, 12 June 2014, p. 32. 

[69]      Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 17. 

[70]      Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 11. 

[71]      Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 5. 

[72]      Additional Information provided by the Salvation Army – introduction to PNG presentation (received 11 June 2014).

[73]      Additional Information provided by the Salvation Army – introduction to PNG presentation (received 11 June 2014), [pp 105-121].

[74]      See: Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 37.

Chapter 4

[1]        Law Society of New South Wales, Submission 8, p. 5.

[2]        Migration Act 1958, ss 198AB(2).

[3]        Migration Act 1958, ss 198AB(3).

[4]        Migration Act 1958, para 198AA(d).

[5]        Government of Papua New Guinea and the Government of Australia, Regional Resettlement Arrangement between Australia and Papua New Guinea (Regional Resettlement Arrangement), 19 July 2013.

[6]        Government of Papua New Guinea and the Government of Australia, Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea and the Government of Australia, relating to the transfer to and assessment of persons in Papua New Guinea, and related issues, 6 August 2013.

[7]        Submission 21, p. 2 [internal citations omitted].

[8]        Submission 21, p. 3 [internal citations omitted].

[9]        Mr Mark Cormack, Deputy Secretary, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Committee Hansard, 11 July 2014, p. 26.

[10]      Papua New Guinea Migration Act 1978 (PNG Act), section 15C.

[11]      Mr Kenneth Douglas, First Assistant Secretary, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Committee Hansard, 11 July 2014, p. 45.

[12]      PNG Act, section 23.

[13]      Mr Mark Cormack, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Committee Hansard, 11 July 2014, p. 26.

[14]      These reservations stipulated that PNG did not accept the obligations in articles 17(1) (work rights); 21 (housing); 22(1) (education); 26 (freedom of movement); 31 (non-penalisation for illegal entry or presence); 32 (expulsion); and 34 (facilitating assimilation and naturalisation).

[15]      Regional Resettlement Arrangement, para [7].

[16]      Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Immigration (PNG), Office of the Minister, Statement to Parliament by Hon. Rimbink Pato, OBE, LLB, MP, Minister for Foreign Affairs and Immigration, on the Regional Resettlement Arrangements (RRA) for asylum seekers transferred to Papua New Guinea, 18 September 2013, p. 8.

[17]      See UNHCR monitoring visit to Manus Island, Papua New Guinea 23 to 25 October 2013, November 2013, p. 7.

[18]      UNHCR, Submission 21, p. 5; Human Rights Law Centre, Submission 17, p. 5; Federation of Ethnic Communities, Submission 16, p. 3; Asylum Seeker Resource Centre, Submission 23, p. 6; Mr Daniel Webb, Director of Legal Advocacy, Human Rights Law Centre, Committee Hansard, 12 June 2014, p. 60.

[19]      Submission 9, p. 14.

[20]      Submission 21, p. 4.

[21]      Diana Glazebrook, Papua New Guinea's Refugee Track Record and Its Obligations under the 2013 Regional Resettlement Arrangement with Australia, SSGM Discussion Paper 2014/3, pp 5-6 [internal citations omitted].

[22]      Committee Hansard, 12 June 2014, p. 60.

[23]      Mr Mark Cormack, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Committee Hansard, 11 July 2014, p. 26.

[24]      Mr Robert Cornall AO, Review of the events of 16-18 February 2014 at the Manus Regional Processing Centre, 23 May 2014, pp 88-89.

[25]      Mr Mark Cormack, Deputy Secretary, Immigration Status Resolution Group, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Committee Hansard, 11 July 2014, p. 20; Ms Elizabeth Thompson, Committee Hansard, 12 June 2014, p. 21.

[26]      UNHCR Monitoring Visit to Manus Island, Papua New Guinea 11-13 June 2013, July 2013, p. 7.

[27]      UNHCR Monitoring Visit to Manus Island, Papua New Guinea 11-13 June 2013, July 2013, pp 7-8.

[28]      Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Answers to questions taken on notice at a public hearing on 10 June 2014 (received 9 July 2014), p. [14].

[29]      UNHCR monitoring visit to Manus Island, Papua New Guinea 23 to 25 October 2013, November 2013, p. 9.

[30]      See Mr Mark Cormack, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Committee Hansard, 11 July 2014, p. 37; Diana Glazebrook, Papua New Guinea's Refugee Track Record and Its Obligations under the 2013 Regional Resettlement Arrangement with Australia, SSGM Discussion Paper 2014/3, p. 6.

[31]      Mrs Petra Madge Playfair, Managing Partner, Playfair Visa and Migration Services, Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 43.

[32]      Mrs Petra Playfair, Managing Partner, Playfair Visa and Migration Services, Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 43.

[33]      Mrs Petra Playfair, Managing Partner, Playfair Visa and Migration Services, Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 43.

[34]      Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Responses to questions taken on notice at a public hearing on 11 July 2014, and written questions (received 10 October 2014), [p. 2].

[35]      Miss Elizabeth Thompson, Committee Hansard, 12 June 2014, p. 22; Mr John McCaffery, Deputy General Manager, Manus Island Detention Centre, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 59; Mr Nicholas Adler, Registered Migration Agent, Playfair Visa and Migration Services, Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 45.

[36]      Mr Nicholas Adler, Playfair Visa and Migration Services, Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, pp 45-46.

[37]      Submission 23, p. 2.

[38]      Committee Hansard, 12 June 2014, p. 21.

[39]      Miss Elizabeth Thompson, Submission 19; Miss Elizabeth Maree Thompson, Committee Hansard, 12 June 2014, pp 21-30.

[40]      See Playfair Visa and Migration Services, Answers to questions on notice (received 1 July 2014), [p. 1]; Mr Nicholas Adler, Submission 32, pp 1-2.

[41]      See Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, pp 45-47.

[42]      See, for example, Miss Elizabeth Thompson, Submission 19; UNHCR, UNHCR Monitoring Visit to Manus Island, Papua New Guinea 11-13 June 2013, July 2013, pp 6-7; Asylum Seeker Resource Centre, Submission 23, p. 6; Andrew & Renata Kaldor Centre for International Refugee Law (Kaldor Centre), Submission 9, p. 10.

[43]      Mr Mark Cormack, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Committee Hansard, 11 July 2014, p. 26.

[44]      Committee Hansard, 12 June 2014, p. 29.

[45]      Committee Hansard, 12 June 2014, p. 29.

[46]      Mr Mark Cormack, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Committee Hansard, 11 July 2014, p. 20.

[47]      Mr Mark Cormack, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Committee Hansard, 11 July 2014, pp 37-38.

[48]      See: Paul Farrell, 'PNG grants refugee status to Manus asylum seekers for the first time', The Guardian Australia, 12 November 2014, at: http://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2014/nov/12/png-grants-refugee-status-to-manus-asylum-seekers-for-first-time (accessed 14 November 2014).

[49]      UNHCR, Asylum Processes (Fair and Efficient Asylum Procedures), EC/GC/01/12, 31 May 2001, paras. [4]-[5].

[50]      See, for example: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Submission 21, pp 4-5; The Law Society of New South Wales, Submission 8, p. 9; Kaldor Centre, Submission 9, p. 11; Immigration Advice and Rights Centre, Submission 14, p. 2; Civil Liberties Australia, Submission 5, p. 7; Amnesty International, Submission 22, p. 2; Asylum Seeker Resource Centre, Submission 23, p. 6.

[51]      Submission 9, p. 12.

[52]      Submission 9, p. 12.

[53]      Submission 9, pp 15-16.

44      Submission 23, p. 2.

[55]      UNHCR, UNHCR Revised Guidelines On Applicable Criteria And Standards Relating To The Detention Of Asylum Seekers (February 1999).

[56]      UNHCR, Submission 21, p. 5.

[57]      Mrs Petra Playfair, Managing Partner, Playfair Visa and Migration Services, Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 43.

[58]      Mr Mark Cormack, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 13.

[59]      Mr Mark Cormack, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 13.

[60]      G4S, Submission 29, Attachment 5, p. 3.

[61]      Mr Martin Bowles PSM, Secretary, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 12.

[62]      The Hon Scott Morrison MP, Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, 'Restoring integrity and public confidence in Immigration and Border Protection' Address to the National Press Club, Canberra, 10 September 2014, at: http://www.minister.immi.gov.au/media/sm/2014/sm217736.htm (accessed 4 November 2014).

[63]      Liam Cochrane, 'PNG prepares to give training, visas, job assistance to refugees detained on Manus Island', ABC News Online, 5 November 2014, at: http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-11-05/png-to-give-training-visas-jobs-to-refugees/5867764 (accessed 5 November 2014).

[64]      The Hon Rimbink Pato, LLB, OBE, MP, Papua New Guinea Minister for Foreign Affairs and Immigration, 'Refugees to start new lives in PNG', Media Release, 12 November 2014.

[65]      UNHCR monitoring visit to Manus Island, Papua New Guinea 23 to 25 October 2013, November 2013, p. 48.

[66]      Committee Hansard, 13 June 2014, p. 26.

[67]      UNHCR, Submission 21, p. 5.

[68]      Mr Mark Cormack, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Committee Hansard, 11 July 2014, p. 20.

[69]      See Amnesty International Australia, This is Still Breaking People, May 2014, pp 8-9; UNHCR, UNHCR monitoring visit to Manus Island, Papua New Guinea 23 to 25 October 2013, November 2013, p. 24; Human Rights Law Centre, Submission 17, p. 8.

[70]      Australia's non-refoulement obligations are discussed in detail in chapter 7.

[71]      UNHCR monitoring visit to Manus Island, Papua New Guinea 23 to 25 October 2013, November 2013, p. 24.

[72]      Submission 22, Attachment 1, p. 86.

[73]      Committee Hansard, 12 June 2014, p. 54.

[74]      Committee Hansard, 13 June 2014, p. 27.

[75]      Submission 22, Attachment 1, p. 87.

[76]      Miss Elizabeth Thompson, Submission 19, p. 6.

[77]      Committee Hansard, 11 July 2014, p. 52.

[78]      Answers to questions taken on notice at public hearing on 11 July 2014, and written questions (received 15 August 2014), [p. 13].

[79]      Answers to questions taken on notice at public hearing on 11 July 2014, and written questions (received 15 August 2014), [p. 13].

[80]      UNHCR, Submission 21, p. 6.

[81]      UNHCR, Submission 21, p. 7.

[82]      Mr Robert Cornall AO, Review of the events of 16-18 February 2014 at the Manus Regional Processing Centre, p. 90.

[83]      Submission 21, pp 7-8 [internal citations omitted].

[84]      UNHCR monitoring visit to Manus Island, Papua New Guinea 23 to 25 October 2013, November 2013, pp 25-26.

[85]      Submission 9, p. 20.

[86]      Submission 22, Attachment 1,  pp 67-72; Amnesty International, This is Still Breaking People, May 2014, pp 8-9.

Chapter 5 - Sequence of events leading up to and during the incident of 16 February to 18 February 2014

[1]        Mr Robert Cornall AO, Review into the events of 16-18 February 2014 at the Manus Regional Processing Centre, 23 May 2014, pp 30-31.

[2]        This followed an earlier proposal submitted on 13 October 2013.

[3]        Mr Martin Bowles PSM, Secretary, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, pp 7 and 17. The Secretary noted that these infrastructure improvements were also recommendations of the Force Protection Review. See also: Document tabled by Lieutenant General Angus Campbell DSC, Joint Agency Taskforce - Operation Sovereign Borders Manus OPC Force Protection Review (tabled 11 July 2014).

[4]        Submission 29, p. 4. 

[5]        Mr Robert Cornall AO, Review into the events of 16-18 February 2014 at the Manus Regional Processing Centre, pp 32-33.

[6]        Submission 29, p. 4. 

[7]        Submission 29, p. 4; Mr Martin Bowles PSM, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, pp 10-11. 

[8]        Submission 29, p. 4. 

[9]        Submission 29, pp 4 and Attachment 8.

[10]      Mr Robert Cornall AO, Review into the events of 16-18 February 2014 at the Manus Regional Processing Centre, p. 33.

[11]      Submission 29, pp 4 and Attachments 19 and 20.

[12]      Mr Mark Cormack, Deputy Secretary, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 20; Mr Robert Cornall AO, Review into the events of 16‑18 February 2014 at the Manus Regional Processing Centre, pp 36-39. 

[13]      G4S, Submission 29, p. 17.

[14]      Mr Robert Cornall AO, Review into the events of 16-18 February 2014 at the Manus Regional Processing Centre, p. 44.

[15]      G4S, Submission 29, p. 17; Mr Robert Cornall AO, Review into the events of 16-18 February 2014 at the Manus Regional Processing Centre, pp 44-45.

[16]      Mr Robert Cornall AO, Review into the events of 16-18 February 2014 at the Manus Regional Processing Centre, p. 45.

[17]      The Hon Scott Morrison MP, Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, 'Incident on Manus Island', Media release, 17 February 2014, at: www.minister.immi.gov.au/media/sm/2014/sm211827.htm (accessed 9 September 2014); 'Manus Island incident, Navy mistreatment allegations, Operation Sovereign Borders', Press Conference, 17 February 2014, at: www.minister.immi.gov.au/media/sm/2014/sm211855.htm (accessed 22 October 2014). 

[18]      Mr Robert Cornall AO, Review into the events of 16-18 February 2014 at the Manus Regional Processing Centre, p. 48.

[19]      G4S, Submission 29, Attachment 4, p. 1.

[20]      G4S, Submission 29, Attachment 4, p. 2.

[21]      G4S, Submission 29, Attachment 4, p. 3.

[22]      Mr Robert Cornall AO, Review into the events of 16-18 February 2014 at the Manus Regional Processing Centre, p. 50; Mr Kevin Pye, G4S, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 39.

[23]      G4S, Submission 29, p. 18.

[24]      G4S, Submission 29, Attachment 4, p. 6; Mr Mark Cormack, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Committee Hansard, 11 July 2014, p. 36.

[25]      G4S, Submission 29, p. 18.

[26]      G4S, Submission 29, p. 18.

[27]      G4S, Submission 29, p. 18.

[28]      G4S, Submission 29, p. 18.

[29]      G4S, Submission 29, p. 19.

[30]      G4S, Submission 29, p. 19 and Attachment 4, p. 11.

[31]      G4S, Submission 29, Attachment 4, pp 12-4.

[32]      The Hon Scott Morrison MP, Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, 'Statement on further incident at Manus Island OPC', Media release, 18 February 2014, at: http://www.minister.immi.gov.au/media/sm/2014/sm211867.htm (accessed 9 September 2014). 

[33]      The Hon Scott Morrison MP, Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, 'Manus Island incident, Operation Sovereign Borders, joint review', Press conference, 21 February 2014, at: www.minister.immi.gov.au/media/sm/2014/sm212027.htm (accessed 10 September 2014). 

[34]      The Hon Scott Morrison MP, Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, 'Manus Island Update', Media release, 22 February 2014, at: www.minister.immi.gov.au/media/sm/2014/sm212031.htm (accessed 9 September 2014). 

[35]      Mr Kenneth Douglas, First Assistant Secretary, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 11; Mr Mark Cormack, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Committee Hansard, 11 July 2014, p. 19; Mr Robert Cornall AO, Review into the events of 16‑18 February 2014 at the Manus Regional Processing Centre, pp 30-31.

[36]      Mr Robert Cornall AO, Review into the events of 16-18 February 2014 at the Manus Regional Processing Centre, p. 32. See also Mr Robert Cornall AO, Committee Hansard, 12 June 2014, p. 10.

[37]      Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 45. 

[38]      Mr Martin Bowles PSM, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 11.

[39]      Committee Hansard , 10 June 2014, p. 53.  See also: Mr Martin Bowles PSM, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 10; Mr Robert Cornall AO, Review into the events of 16-18 February 2014 at the Manus Regional Processing Centre, p. 5.

[40]      Mr Chris Manning, G4S, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 44. 

[41]      Mr Robert Cornall AO, Review into the events of 16-18 February 2014 at the Manus Regional Processing Centre, p. 74.

[42]      Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 44. See also Submission 29, Attachment 16.

[43]      Submission 29, p. 4 and Attachment 7.

[44]      Mr Martin Bowles PSM, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, pp 10-1.

[45]      Mr Martin Bowles PSM, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 10. See also Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 29.

[46]      Submission 29, Attachment 12. See also Mr Robert Cornall AO, Review into the events of 16-18 February 2014 at the Manus Regional Processing Centre, pp 74-75.

[47]      Submission 29, Attachment 8, p. 3.

[48]      Submission 29, Attachment 8, p. 3. See also Miss Elizabeth Cruikshank, Regional Processing Centre Contract Manager, Salvation Army, Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 27; Salvation Army, Submission 34, Annexure A, [p.1] and Annexure B, [p.1].

[49]      Mr Robert Cornall AO, Review into the events of 16-18 February 2014 at the Manus Regional Processing Centre, p. 33.

[50]      Mr Mark Cormack, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 20.

[51]      Mr Robert Cornall AO, Review into the events of 16-18 February 2014 at the Manus Regional Processing Centre, p. 33.

[52]      Mr Mark Cormack, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 13; Mrs Petra Playfair, Managing Partner, Playfair Visa and Migration Services, Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 43.

[53]      Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 45. See also Miss Elizabeth Thompson, Committee Hansard, 12 June 2014, p. 22.

[54]      Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, pp 45-6. See also Miss Elizabeth Thompson, Committee Hansard, 12 June 2014, pp 24 and 26-8.

[55]      Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 46.

[56]      Committee Hansard, 12 June 2014, p. 23. See also pp 27 and 30.

[57]      Committee Hansard, 12 June 2014, p. 26. See also p. 29.

[58]      Committee Hansard, 12 June 2014, p. 23.

[59]      Ms Elizabeth Thompson, Submission 19, Appendix 2, p. 44; Mr Nicholas Adler, Playfair Visa and Migration Services, Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 50; Mr Robert Cornall AO, Review into the events of 16-18 February 2014 at the Manus Regional Processing Centre, pp 33-4.

[60]      Mr Andrew Wilkie MP (submission on behalf of a G4S Safety and Security Officer), Submission 4, pp 9-10. See also Mr Christopher Iacono, Committee Hansard, 12 June 2014, p. 33.

[61]      Mr Andrew Wilkie MP, Submission 4, Appendices 9 and 10.

[62]      Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 38. See also Mr Robert Cornall AO, Review into the events of 16-18 February 2014 at the Manus Regional Processing Centre, p. 33.

[63]      Email from Mr John McCaffery, G4S, to Mr Anthony Kneipp, DIBP, dated 10 February 2014 (tabled 10 June 2014).

[64]      Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, pp 44-5. See also Mr Steven Kilburn, Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 16.

[65]      Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Answers to questions taken on notice at a public hearing on 10 June 2014 (received 9 July 2014), [p. 11].

[66]      Mr Mark Cormack, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 20.

[67]      Mr Mark Cormack, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p.21.

[68]      Submission 34, Annexure B [p.1]. See also Miss Elizabeth Cruikshank, Regional Processing Centre Contract Manager, Salvation Army, Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 27.

[69]      Mr Robert Cornall AO, Review into the events of 16-18 February 2014 at the Manus Regional Processing Centre, pp 5 and 36-40.

[70]      Submission 22, p. 5. Amnesty International stated that accounts in its submission reflected information obtained from detainees and contracted staff. See also: Ms Kate Schuetze, Pacific Researcher, Amnesty International, Committee Hansard, 12 June 2014, p. 56; Miss Elizabeth Thompson, Submission 19, Appendices 1 and 2, pp 43 and 44.

[71]      Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 37. See also: Mr Pye, G4S, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 55; Mr Andrew Wilkie MP, Submission 4, pp 4 and 10; Amnesty International, Submission 22, p. 5; Mr Steven Kilburn, Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 7.

[72]      Mr Martin Bowles PSM, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 29.

[73]      Mr Martin Bowles PSM, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 30.

[74]      Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 38.  See also: Mr Robert Cornall AO, Review into the events of 16-18 February 2014 at the Manus Regional Processing Centre, pp 5-6, 42-44 and 77; Mr Steven Kilburn, Submission 18, pp 7-8; Mr Steven Kilburn, Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, pp 12-13; Mr Andrew Wilkie MP, Submission 4, p. 4; Amnesty International, Submission 22, p. 5.

[75]      Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 55.

[76]      Mr Andrew Wilkie MP, Submission 4, p. 5.

[77]      Mr Andrew Wilkie MP, Submission 4, pp 4-5.

[78]      Mr Robert Cornall AO, Review into the events of 16-18 February 2014 at the Manus Regional Processing Centre, May 2014, pp 44-45; Mr Steven Kilburn, Submission 18, pp 8-9; Amnesty International, Submission 22, p. 5.

[79]      Mr Kevin Pye, G4S, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 38; Mr Robert Cornall AO, Review into the events of 16-18 February 2014 at the Manus Regional Processing Centre, p. 44; Mr Steven Kilburn, Submission 18, p. 9; Ms Elizabeth Thompson, Submission 19, Appendix 1, p. 43.

[80]      Mr Robert Cornall AO, Review into the events of 16-18 February 2014 at the Manus Regional Processing Centre, pp 44 and 45. See also, Mr Steven Kilburn, Submission 18, p. 8.

[81]      Mr Robert Cornall AO, Review into the events of 16-18 February 2014 at the Manus Regional Processing Centre, pp 5- 6 and 46-47.

[82]      Mr Andrew Wilkie MP, Submission 4, p. 4.

[83]      Amnesty International, Submission 22, p. 6; Mr Robert Cornall AO, Review into the events of 16-18 February 2014 at the Manus Regional Processing Centre, pp 5- 6 and 44-47.

[84]      Mr Robert Cornall AO, Review into the events of 16-18 February 2014 at the Manus Regional Processing Centre, pp 6 and 48.

[85]      Mr Kevin Pye and Mr John McCaffery, G4S, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 62.

[86]      Mr Kevin Pye, G4S, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, pp 38-9. See also Amnesty International, Submission 22, p. 6; Miss Elizabeth Cruikshank, Regional Processing Centre Contract Manager, Salvation Army, Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, pp 38-9.

[87]      Submission 18, pp 10-11. See also Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 13.

[88]      Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 12. See also p.13.

[89]      G4S, Answers to written questions on notice (received 28 November 2014), p. 1. G4S noted that the ECO was stood down briefly during the worst of the riots during the night.

[90]      G4S, Answers to written questions on notice (received 28 November 2014), p. 1.

[91]      G4S, Submission 29, Attachment 4, pp 1-2; 'SitRep#7 - Cat 3 – Critical Disturbance - Manus OPC – 16 February 2014 as at 1820 hours AEDST Monday 17 February 2014', Additional Information provided by the Department of Immigration and Border Protection – incident reports (received 6 June 2014), [p. 9].

[92]      Mr Kevin Pye, G4S, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 39; Mr Robert Cornall AO, Committee Hansard, 12 June 2014, p. 15; Mr Robert Cornall AO, Review into the events of 16-18 February 2014 at the Manus Regional Processing Centre, p. 49. See also Ms Sharon Callister, Chief Executive Officer, Humanitarian Mission Services, Salvation Army, Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 20; Name withheld, Submission 37, [p. 2].

[93]      Mr Kevin Pye, G4S, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 39; Mr Andrew Wilkie MP, Submission 4, p. 8; Mr Robert Cornall AO, Review into the events of 16-18 February 2014 at the Manus Regional Processing Centre, p. 50.

[94]      G4S, Submission 29, Attachment 4, pp 5-6.

[95]      Name withheld, Submission 35, [p. 1].

[96]      G4S, Submission 29, Attachment 4, p. 6. See also Mr Steven Kilburn, Submission 18, p. 13; Name withheld, Submission 35, [p. 1].

[97]      Mr Robert Cornall AO, Committee Hansard, 12 June 2014, p. 4; Mr Steven Kilburn, Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 15.

[98]      G4S, Submission 29, Attachment 4, pp 6-8.

[99]      Mr Kevin Pye, G4S, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 39; Mr Robert Cornall AO, Review into the events of 16-18 February 2014 at the Manus Regional Processing Centre, p. 51.

[100]    Mr Mark Cormack, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Committee Hansard, 11 July 2014, p. 36.

[101]    Mr Chris Manning and Mr Kevin Pye, G4S, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, pp 47-8; Submission 29, p. 18.

[102]    Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 47. See also Mr Steven Kilburn, Submission 18, p.12; Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 14.

[103]    Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 14.

[104]    Mr Kevin Pye, G4S, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 39; G4S, Submission 29, p. 18 and Attachment 4, pp 6-8.

[105]    Ms Kate Schuetze, Amnesty International, Committee Hansard, 12 June 2014, p. 56.

[106]    Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 46. See also Mr Steven Kilburn, Submission 18, p.12; Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 15.

[107]    Mr Kevin Pye, G4S, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 39. See also Mr Steven Kilburn, Submission 18, pp 12 and 13.

[108]    Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 58.

[109]    Name withheld, Submission 35, [p. 2]; G4S, Submission 29, Attachment 4, p. 10.

[110]    Mr Robert Cornall AO, Review into the events of 16-18 February 2014 at the Manus Regional Processing Centre, p. 7; G4S, Submission 29, Attachment 4, p. 11. See also Name withheld, Submission 33, [p. 6]; Mr Martin Bowles PSM, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 9.

[111]    Committee Hansard, 12 June 2014, p. 8.

[112]    ABC News, 'PNG police slam Australian report into riots at the Manus Island detention centre' at: www.abc.net.au/news/2014-05-28/manus-riot-png-police-respond-to-report/5485116 (accessed 15 September 2014).

[113]    Mr Darren Boyd, G4S, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 38; Mr Chris Manning, G4S, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 52; Mr Steven Kilburn, Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 15. See also Mr Robert Cornall AO, Committee Hansard, 12 June 2014, p. 4; Ms Sophie Nicolle, Government Relations Advisor, Amnesty International, Committee Hansard, 12 June 2014, p. 50; Mr Mark Cormack, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Committee Hansard, 11 July 2014, p. 47.

[114]    Submission 29, pp 1 and 19. See also Name withheld, Submission 35, [p. 2]; Mr Robert Cornall AO, Review into the events of 16-18 February 2014 at the Manus Regional Processing Centre, pp 54, 57-8, 77 and 79. Some evidence to the committee suggested that gunshots were heard from 8.00pm onwards: see Amnesty International, Submission 22, p. 6.

[115]    Mr Darren Boyd, G4S, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 40. See also See also Mr Robert Cornall AO, Committee Hansard, 12 June 2014, p. 8; Mr Robert Cornall AO, Review into the events of 16-18 February 2014 at the Manus Regional Processing Centre, pp 6-7, 58-9 and 79.

[116]    Mr Andrew Wilkie MP, Submission 4, Appendices 4 to 8.

[117]    Mr Robert Cornall AO, Review into the events of 16-18 February 2014 at the Manus Regional Processing Centre, p. 61. See also Mr Daniel Webb, Director of Legal Advocacy, Human Rights Law Centre, Committee Hansard, 12 June 2014, p. 58.

[118]    Mr Andrew Wilkie MP, Submission 4, p. 7. See also Amnesty International, Submission 22, p. 7; Name withheld, Submission 33, [pp 3 and 6].

[119]    Email correspondence, Additional Information provided by the Department of Immigration and Border Protection – communications, received 6 June 2014, [p. 121].

[120]    Mr Robert Cornall AO, Review into the events of 16-18 February 2014 at the Manus Regional Processing Centre, p. 53. See also Mr Andrew Wilkie MP, Submission 4, p. 7; Miss Elizabeth Cruikshank, Regional Processing Centre Contract Manager, Salvation Army, Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 40; Mr Mark Cormack, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Committee Hansard, 11 July 2014, p. 47.

[121]    Submission 18, p. 13. See also Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 15.

[122]    Name withheld, Submission 35, [p. 2].

[123]    Mr Darren Boyd, G4S, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 38. See also Mr Kevin Pye, G4S, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p.41; G4S, Submission 29, Supplementary submission, pp 2-3.

[124]    Mr Steven Kilburn, Submission 18, p. 15.

[125]    Mr Kevin Pye, G4S, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 40. See also Name withheld, Submission 35, [p. 3]; Mr Robert Cornall AO, Review into the events of 16-18 February 2014 at the Manus Regional Processing Centre, pp 55-6.

[126]    Submission 22, p. 7. See also Name withheld, Submission 37, [p. 3]; Mr Robert Cornall AO, Committee Hansard, 12 June 2014, p. 5.

[127]    Name withheld, Submission 35, [p. 3].

[128]    Submission 29, p. 20. See also See also Mr Robert Cornall AO, Review into the events of 16-18 February 2014 at the Manus Regional Processing Centre, pp 7 and 54.

[129]    Mr Martin Bowles PSM and Mr Mark Cormack, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 9; Name withheld, Submission 33, [p. 6]; Mr Robert Cornall AO, Review into the events of 16-18 February 2014 at the Manus Regional Processing Centre, pp 7-8, 60, 62 and 65-68.

[130]    Mr Mark Cormack, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 9.

[131]    Mr Robert Cornall AO, Review into the events of 16-18 February 2014 at the Manus Regional Processing Centre, pp 7, 53 and 60; Dr Mark Parrish, Regional Medical Director, International Health and Medical Services, Committee Hansard, 11 July 2014, p. 2.

[132]    Mr Kevin Pye, G4S, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 40.

[133]    Name withheld, Submission 37, [p. 2]. See also Ms Sharon Callister, Chief Executive Officer, Humanitarian Mission Services, Salvation Army, Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 20; Salvation Army, Submission 34, Annexure A, [p.3].

[134]    Committee Hansard, 11 July 2014, p. 2.

[135]    Committee Hansard, 11 July 2014, p. 10.

[136]    Submission 18, pp 14-5. See also Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 3; Mr Andrew Wilkie MP, Submission 4, p. 10.

[137]    Dr Mark Parrish, International Health and Medical Services, Committee Hansard, 11 July 2014, p. 9.

[138]    Name withheld, Submission 35, [p. 4].

[139]    G4S, 'Incident report number: MI 0585', dated 18 February 2014, Additional Information provided by the Department of Immigration and Border Protection - incident reports (received 6 June 2014), [p.45]; 'Email from Health Service Manager, IHMS, to Assistant Director, Operations Lead – Manus Island, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, dated 20 February 2014', Additional Information provided by the Department of Immigration and Border Protection – communications (received 6 June 2014), [p. 158].

Chapter 6 - Response to the incident and subsequent developments

[1]        Mr Robert Cornall AO, Review into the events of 16-18 February 2014 at the Manus Regional Processing Centre, 23 May 2014, pp 8 and 58. See also Dr Mark Parrish, International Health and Medical Services, Committee Hansard, 11 July 2014, p. 2.

[2]        Name withheld, Submission 33, [p. 4].

[3]        IHMS, Answers to questions taken on notice at the public hearing 11 July 2014 (received 1 August 2014), [p. 1].

[4]        The Hon Scott Morrison MP, Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, 'Manus Island incident', Press conference, 18 February 2014, Canberra, at: www.minister.immi.gov.au/media/sm/2014/sm211891.htm (accessed 24 September 2014).

[5]        The Hon Scott Morrison MP, Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, 'Visit by Malaysian Minister for Home Affairs, Manus Island', Remarks and Press Conference, 20 February 2014, Sydney, at: http://www.minister.immi.gov.au/media/sm/2014/sm211967.htm (accessed 30 October 2014).

[6]        The Hon Scott Morrison MP, Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, 'Manus Island incident, review into Nauru riot', 23 February 2014, Sydney, at: http://www.minister.immi.gov.au/media/sm/2014/sm212047.htm (accessed 30 October 2014).

[7]        Submission 22, p. 7. See also Ms Elizabeth Thompson, Submission 19, Appendix 2, p. 45; Name withheld, Submission 33, [p. 2].

[8]        Department of Immigration and Border Protection and the Joint Agency Taskforce, Answers to questions taken on notice at the public hearing on 11 July 2014, and written questions (received 25 August 2014), [p.8]; Mr Kenneth Douglas, First Assistant Secretary, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Committee Hansard, 11 July 2014, p. 36.

[9]        The Hon Scott Morrison MP, Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, 'Manus Island incident', Press conference, 18 February 2014, Canberra, at: www.minister.immi.gov.au/media/sm/2014/sm211891.htm (accessed 24 September 2014).

[10]      The Hon Scott Morrison MP, Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, 'Visit by Malaysian Minister for Home Affairs, Manus Island', Remarks and Press Conference, 20 February 2014, Sydney, at: http://www.minister.immi.gov.au/media/sm/2014/sm211967.htm (accessed 30 October 2014).

[11]      Mr Clive Murray, Acting Assistant Commissioner, Australian Federal Police, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, pp 25-26.

[12]      Mr Clive Murray, Acting Assistant Commissioner, Serious and Organised Crime, Australian Federal Police, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, pp 25-26.

[13]      Transfield Services, Responses to questions taken on notice at a public hearing on 11 June 2014 (received 23 July 2014), p. 1.

[14]      Mr Robert Cornall AO, Review into the events of 16-18 February 2014 at the Manus Regional Processing Centre, p. 87.

[15]      See: Liam Cochrane, 'Manus Island riot: Papua New Guinea police charge two men over Reza Barati's death, search for wanted expats', ABC News Online, 20 August 2014, http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-08-19/two-men-charged-over-reza-baratis-death-on-manus-is/5681882 (accessed 29 October 2014); David Wroe and Sarah Whyte, 'Reza Barati: Two men arrested over death of asylum seeker at PNG detention centre', Sydney Morning Herald, 19 August 2014, at: http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/reza-barati-two-men-arrested-over-death-of-asylum-seeker-at-png-detention-centre-20140819-3dyf3.html (accessed 1 November 2014). 

[16]      Liam Cochrane, 'Manus Island riot: Papua New Guinea police charge two men over Reza Barati's death, search for wanted expats', ABC News Online, 20 August 2014.

[17]      Liam Cochrane, 'Reza Barati: Salvation Army suspect in Manus Island riot murder tried to fake own death to evade capture, police say', ABC News Online, 22 August 2014, at: http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-08-21/reza-barati-murder-suspect-tried-to-fake-own-death/5687550 (accessed 29 October 2014).

[18]      Liam Cochrane, 'Reza Barati murder trial delayed after suspects not provided with defence lawyers', ABC News Online, 3 November 2014, at: http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-11-03/barati-murder-trial-delayed-after-suspects-not-provided-lawyers/5862986 (accessed 3 November 2014).

[19]      Mr Robert Cornall AO, Review into the events of 16-18 February 2014 at the Manus Regional Processing Centre, p. 69.

[20]      Mr Darren Boyd, Southern Pacific Regional Managing Director, G4S, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, pp 40-41.

[21]      The Hon Scott Morrison MP, Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, 'Statement on further incident at Manus Island OPC', Media release, 18 February 2014, at: http://www.minister.immi.gov.au/media/sm/2014/sm211867.htm (accessed 9 September 2014). This inaccurate statement may have been based on: 'SitRep#13 - Cat 3 – Critical Disturbance and Death- Manus OPC – 16 February 2014 as at 0430 hours AEDST Tuesday 18 February 2014', Additional Information provided by the Department of Immigration and Border Protection – incident reports ( received 6 June 2014), [p.6].

[22]      The Hon Scott Morrison MP, Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, 'Manus Island Incident', Press Conference, 18 February 2014, Darwin, at: http://www.minister.immi.gov.au/media/sm/2014/sm211887.htm (accessed 30 October 2014).

[23]      The Hon Scott Morrison MP, Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, 'Manus Island Incident', Press Conference, 18 February 2014, Darwin.

[24]      The Hon Scott Morrison MP, Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, 'Manus Island Incident', Press Conference, 18 February 2014, Darwin.

[25]      The Hon Scott Morrison MP, Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, 'Manus Island incident', Press conference, 18 February 2014, Canberra, available at: www.minister.immi.gov.au/media/sm/2014/sm211891.htm (accessed 24 September 2014).

[26]      The Hon Scott Morrison MP, Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, 'Manus Island incident', Press conference, 18 February 2014, Canberra.

[27]      The Hon Scott Morrison MP, Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, 'Manus Island incident', Press conference, 18 February 2014, Canberra.

[28]      The Hon Scott Morrison MP, Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, 'Manus Island incident', Press conference, 18 February 2014, Canberra; Mr Robert Cornall AO, Committee Hansard, 12 June 2014, p. 9.

[29]      Mr Robert Cornall AO, Review into the events of 16-18 February 2014 at the Manus Regional Processing Centre, p. 14; The Hon Scott Morrison MP, Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, 'Man us Island incident, Operation Sovereign Borders, joint review', Press Conference, 21 February 2014, Canberra, at: http://www.minister.immi.gov.au/media/sm/2014/sm212027.htm (accessed 30 October 2014).

[30]      The Hon Scott Morrison MP, Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, 'Manus Island Update', Media release, 22 February 2014, at: www.minister.immi.gov.au/media/sm/2014/sm212031.htm (accessed 9 September 2014). 

[31]      The Hon Scott Morrison MP, Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, 'Manus Island incident, review into Nauru riot', 23 February 2014, Sydney.

[32]      The Hon Scott Morrison MP, Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, House of Representatives Hansard, 24 February 2014, p. 554.

[33]      Additional Information provided by the Department of Immigration and Border Protection – incident reports (received 6 June 2014); and Additional Information provided by the Department of Immigration and Border Protection – communications (received 6 June 2014).

[34]      Submission 29, Attachment 4.

[35]      Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Answers to questions on notice (received 25 November 2014), pp 1-3. See also: G4S, 'Incident Report number: MI 0580', Additional Information provided by the Department of Immigration and Border Protection – incident reports (received 6 June 2014), [p. 22]; Mr Robert Cornall AO, Committee Hansard, 12 June 2014, pp 15-16.

[36]      See Information provided by the Department of Immigration and Border Protection – incident reports (received 6 June 2014), [pp 2-13].

[37]      'SitRep#12 - Cat 3 – Critical Disturbance - Manus OPC – 16 February 2014 as at 2050 hours Monday 17 February 2014', Additional Information provided by the Department of Immigration and Border Protection - incident reports (received 6 June 2014), [p. 7].

[38]      G4S, Submission 29, Attachment 4, p. 6.

[39]      G4S, Submission 29, Attachment 4, p. 7.

[40]      'SitRep#13 - Cat 3 – Critical Disturbance and Death - Manus OPC – 16 February 2014 as at 0430 hours AEDST Tuesday 18 February 2014', Additional Information provided by the Department of Immigration and Border Protection – incident reports (received 6 June 2014), [p. 6].

[41]      Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Answers to questions on notice (received 25 November 2014), p. 3.

[42]      Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Answer to questions on notice (received 25 November 2014), pp 1-2.

[43]      G4S, 'Incident Report number: MI 0580', Additional Information provided by the Department of Immigration and Border Protection – incident reports (received 6 June 2014), [p. 32].

[44]      G4S, Answers to written questions on notice (received 28 November 2014), pp 1 and 2.

[45]      Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Answers to questions on notice (received 25 November 2014), p. 2.

[46]      G4S, Answers to written questions on notice (received 28 November 2014), pp 1 and 2.

[47]      Email correspondence dated 19 February 2014, Additional Information provided by the Department of Immigration and Border Protection – communications (received 6 June 2014), [pp 119-124].

[48]      Email correspondence dated 19 February 2014, Additional Information provided by the Department of Immigration and Border Protection –communications (received 6 June 2014), [p. 119]. The advice provided at that stage was that 'it was identified that police mobile squad had entered Mike compound' at 11.37 pm on 17 February 2014.

[49]      Email correspondence dated 19 February 2014, Additional Information provided by the Department of Immigration and Border Protection – communications (received 6 June 2014), [p. 124].

[50]      Email correspondence dated 19 February 2014, Additional Information provided by the Department of Immigration and Border Protection – communications (received 6 June 2014), [p. 149].

[51]      Submission 17, pp 11 and 12. See also: Asylum Seeker Resource Centre, Submission 23, pp 4‑5.

[52]      Transfield Services, Responses to questions taken on notice at a public hearing on 11 June 2014 (received 23 July 2014), p. 1.

[53]      Mr Fraser Douglass, Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, pp 56-57.

[54]      Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 57.

[55]      Transfield Services, Responses to questions taken on notice at a public hearing on 11 June 2014 (received 23 July 2014), pp 2-3.

[56]      Mr Robert Cornall AO, Review of the events of 16-18 February 2014 at the Manus Regional Processing Centre, p. 13 (Recommendation 5).

[57]      Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 2.

[58]      Mr Robert Cornall AO, Review of the events of 16-18 February 2014 at the Manus Regional Processing Centre, p. 13 (Recommendations 7, 9, 11 and 12).

[59]      Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, pp 2-3.

[60]      Mr Robert Cornall AO, Review of the events of 16-18 February 2014 at the Manus Regional Processing Centre, p. 13 (Recommendation 8).

[61]      Transfield Services, Responses to questions taken on notice at a public hearing on 11 June 2014 (received 23 July 2014), p. 2.

[62]      Transfield Services, Responses to questions taken on notice at a public hearing on 11 June 2014 (received 23 July 2014), p. 2.

[63]      Mr Derek Osborn, Executive General Manager, Logistics and Facilities Management, Transfield Services, Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 58.

[64]      Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 60.

[65]      Submission 26, [p. 9]. See also: Refugee Rights Action Network WA, Submission 28, [p. 4].

[66]      Committee Hansard, 13 June 2014, p. 33.

[67]      Committee Hansard, 13 June 2014, p. 33.

[68]      Mr Martin Bowles, DIBP, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 3.

[69]      Mr Martin Bowles, DIBP, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 3.

[70]      Mr Robert Cornall AO, Review of the events of 16-18 February 2014 at the Manus Regional Processing Centre, p. 12 (Recommendation 3).

[71]      Mr Martin Bowles, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 2.

[72]      The Hon Scott Morrison MP, Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, 'Restoring integrity and public confidence in Immigration and Border Protection' Address to the National Press Club, Canberra, 10 September 2014, at: http://www.minister.immi.gov.au/media/sm/2014/sm217736.htm (accessed 4 November 2014).

[73]      The Hon Peter O'Neill, Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea, 'Papua New Guinea-Australia PM's Meeting on Manus Asylum Seekers', 20 October 2014, at: http://www.officeofprimeminister.com/#!october-2014/c1nq8 (accessed 5 November 2014).

[74]      The Hon Peter O'Neill, Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea, 'Papua New Guinea-Australia PM's Meeting on Manus Asylum Seekers', 20 October 2014, at: http://www.officeofprimeminister.com/#!october-2014/c1nq8 (accessed 5 November 2014).

[75]      The Hon Rimbink Pato, LLB, OBE, MP, Papua New Guinea Minister for Foreign Affairs and Immigration, 'Refugees to start new lives in PNG', Media Release, 12 November 2014. See also: The Hon Scott Morrison MP, Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, 'More progress on PNG resettlement arrangement as first refugee determinations handed down', Media Release, 12 November 2014.

[76]      Comcare, 'Inspector Report', 8 January 2014 (pp 1-2), Additional information provided by Comcare – documents relating to December 2013 site inspection (received 10 July 2014), [pp 3‑4].

[77]      Comcare, 'Inspector Report', 8 January 2014 (p. 4), Additional information provided by Comcare – documents relating to December 2013 site inspection (received 10 July 2014), [p. 6].

[78]      Email correspondence and Letter of Complaint dated 8 January 2014, Additional information provided by Comcare – other documents relating to the Manus Island RPC (received 10 July 2014), [pp 1-11].

[79]      Comcare, 'Inspector Report', 26 June 2014 (p. 3), Additional information provided by Comcare – documents relating to 2014 compliance inspection (received 10 July 2014), [p. 3].

[80]      Comcare, 'Inspector Report', 26 June 2014 (pp 1-2), Additional information provided by Comcare – documents relating to 2014 compliance inspection (received 10 July 2014), [pp 1‑2].

[81]      Comcare, 'Inspector Report', 26 June 2014 (p. 3), Additional information provided by Comcare – documents relating to 2014 compliance inspection (received 10 July 2014), [p. 3].

[82]      Committee Hansard, 13 June 2014, pp 33-34.

[83]      Committee Hansard, 13 June 2014, p. 33. See also: Ms Kristi Moffatt, Submission 36, [p. 2].

[84]      Refugee Rights Action Network WA, Submission 28, [p. 4]; Mr Ben Pynt, Humanitarian Research Partners, Committee Hansard, 13 June 2014, p. 36.

[85]      Liam Cochrane, 'Asylum seekers on Manus Island sent to isolation units: leaked report', ABC News Online, 4 September 2014, at: http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-09-04/isolation-units-being-used-to-control-asylum-seekers-on-manus-i/5718084 (accessed 5 November 2014).

[86]      Michael Gordon, 'Human rights activist calls for investigation following reports of abuse at Manus Island detention centre', Sydney Morning Herald, 4 September 2014, at: http://www.smh.com.au/national/human-rights-activist-calls-for-investigation-following-reports-of-abuse-at-manus-island-detention-centre-20140903-10bv83.html (accessed 5 November 2014); Mandie Sami, 'Manus Island asylum seekers allegedly tortured, threatened with rape by guards in secret compound over Reza Barati death', PM, 4 November 2014, at: http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-11-03/asylum-seekers-on-manus-island-allegedly-tortured-and-threatene/5861120 (accessed 5 November 2014).

[87]      Mandie Sami, 'Manus Island asylum seekers allegedly tortured, threatened with rape by guards in secret compound over Reza Barati death', PM, 4 November 2014.

[88]      Michael Gordon, 'Human rights activist calls for investigation following reports of abuse at Manus Island detention centre', Sydney Morning Herald, 4 September 2014; Sue Lannin, 'Asylum seekers offered relocation if witness statements on Reza Berati's death withdrawn: Julian Burnside', ABC News Online, 6 November 2014, at: http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-11-06/julian-burnside-slams-federal-government-for-human-rights-abuse/5870280 (accessed 6 November 2014).

[89]      Submission 22, p. 8. See also: Melissa Davey, 'Manus Island asylum seeker writes to UN in bid to access healthcare', The Guardian Australia, 27 October 2014, at: http://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2014/oct/27/manus-island-asylum-seeker-writes-to-un-in-bid-to-access-healthcare (accessed 6 November 2014).

[90]      Submission 22, p. 7.

[91]      Amnesty International, Submission 22, p. 7. See also: 'Manus Island: Damage from riots visible during media's tour of detention centre', ABC News Online, 23 March 2014, at: http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-03-21/media-tour-of-manus-island-detention-centre/5337660 (accessed 6 November 2014).

[92]      Michael Gordon, 'Manus inquiry cruelled', The Age, 23 March 2014, at: http://www.theage.com.au/national/manus-inquiry-cruelled-20140322-35adw.html (accessed 6 November 2014).

[93]      Human Rights Law Centre, Submission 17, p. 10.

[94]      'Australian lawyer Jay Williams, who represents Manus Island asylum seekers, deported from PNG again', ABC News Online, 1 April 2014, at: http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-04-01/lawyer-jay-williams-deported-from-png/5359916 (accessed 7 November 2014).

[95]      Mr Greg Barns, Australian Lawyers Alliance, Committee Hansard, 13 June 2014, p. 6.

[96]      Dr Andrew Morrison RFD QC, Australian Lawyers Alliance, Committee Hansard, 13 June 2014, p. 6.

[97]      Human Rights Law Centre, Submission 17, pp 10-11.

[98]      Human Rights Law Centre, Submission 17, p. 10. See also: 'Preliminary Observations on the official visit to Papua New Guinea by Mr. Christof Heyns, United Nations Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions', Press Statement, 14 March 2014, at: http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=14373&LangID=E (accessed 6 November 2014).

Chapter 7 - Australia's human rights obligations and duty of care responsibilities

[1]        Parliamentary Joint Committee on Human Rights, Guide to Human Rights, March 2014, p. 5.

[2]        Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees 1951, as amended by the 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees (Refugee Convention), Articles 23, 26-28 and 32-33.

[3]        Refugee Convention, article 31; Universal Declaration of Human Rights, article 14. See also Law Society of New South Wales, Submission 8, p. 5.

[4]        Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CAT), article 3(1); International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), articles 6(1) and 7; and Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Aiming at the Abolition of the Death Penalty.

[5]        Refugee Convention, article 33. The non-refoulement obligations under the CAT and ICCPR are known as 'complementary protection' as they are protection obligations in addition to those under the Refugee Convention.

[6]        ICCPR, article 2.

[7]        See, for example, Agiza v. Sweden, Communication No. 233/2003, UN Doc. CAT/C/34/D/233/2003 (2005), para 13.7.

[8]        Parliamentary Joint Committee on Human Rights, Guide to Human Rights, March 2014, pp 13‑14.

[9]        Andrew & Renata Kaldor Centre for International Refugee Law (Kaldor Centre), Submission 9, p. 9 [citations omitted], referring to UN Human Rights Committee, 'General Comment No. 20: Article 7 (Prohibition of Torture, or Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment)' UN Doc HRI/GEN/1/Rev.9 (Vol. I) 200 [2].

[10]      Parliamentary Joint Committee on Human Rights, Guide to Human Rights, March 2014, p. 16.

[11]      Parliamentary Joint Committee on Human Rights, Guide to Human Rights, March 2014, p. 7.

[12]      See, for example: UN Human Rights Committee, A v Australia, Communication No 560/1993 (3April 1997); D and E v Australia, Communication No 1050/2002 (9 August 2006).

[13]      Parliamentary Joint Committee on Human Rights, Guide to Human Rights, March 2014, pp 11‑12.

[14]      Amnesty International, 'This is breaking people: human rights violations at Australia's asylum seeker processing centre on Manus Island, Papua New Guinea', December 2013, (included as Submission 22, Attachment 1), p. 83.

[15]      See, for example: Al-Jedda v United Kingdom [2011] ECHR 1092; and Al-Skeini v United Kingdom [2011] ECHR 1093.

[16]      Replies to the List of Issues (CCPR/C/AUS/Q/5) To Be Taken Up in Connection with the Consideration of the Fifth Periodic Report of the Government of Australia (CCPR/C/AUS/5), paras 16-17, UN Doc CCPR/C/AUS/Q/5/Add.1 (5 February 2009), referred to in Amnesty International, Submission 22, Attachment 1, p. 83.

[17]      Issa v Turkey [2004] ECHR 629. See also Dr Azadeh Dastyari, Castan Centre for Human Rights Law, Committee Hansard, 13 June 2014, pp 16 and 19.

[18]      International Law Commission, 'Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts, with Commentaries' (2001) articles 16–18; Hirsi Jamaa v Italy (2012) 55 EHRR 21, para 129, referred to in Kaldor Centre, Submission 9, p. 6.

[19]      CAT, article 3(1); ICCPR, articles 6(1) and 7; and Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR Aiming at the Abolition of the Death Penalty.

[20]      Amnesty International, Submission 22, Attachment 1, p. 30.

[21]      Amnesty International, Submission 22, Attachment 1, p. 31.

[22]      Human Rights Law Centre, Submission 17, p. 13; Castan Centre for Human Rights Law, Submission 7, p. 3.

[23]      Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission 30, p. 5; G4S, Submission 29, p. 10.

[24]      Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission 30, p. 5; Human Rights Law Centre, Submission 17, p. 13.

[25]      Additional Information provided by the Department of Immigration and Border Protection – population at Manus Island Detention Centre (received 6 June 2014), p.1; Dr Dastyari, Castan Centre for Human Rights Law, Committee Hansard, 13 June 2014, pp 16 and 19.

[26]      Additional Information provided by the Department of Immigration and Border Protection – contracts (received 30 May 2014); The Salvation Army, Submission 34, p.3; G4S, Submission 29, p. 10.

[27]      Miss Elizabeth Thompson, Committee Hansard, 12 June 2014, p. 21; Amnesty International, Submission 22, Attachment 1, p. 62.

[28]      Additional Information provided by the Department of Immigration and Border Protection – population at Manus Island detention centre (received 6 June 2014), p. 1; Mr Robert Cornall AO, Committee Hansard, 12 July 2014, p. 11; Asylum Seeker Resource Centre, Submission 23, p. 6.

[29]      UN Human Rights Committee General Comment No 31, (2004), para 10; UN Committee against Torture, General Comment No 2 (2007) para 16.

[30]      Dr Dastyari, Castan Centre for Human Rights Law, Committee Hansard, 13 June 2014, pp 16 and 19.

[31]      Mr Mark Cormack, Deputy Secretary, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Committee Hansard, 11 July 2014, p. 28.

[32]      'Australian Government's Response to Amnesty International reports arising from visits to Manus Offshore Processing Centre', Additional Information provided by Amnesty International (received 23 July 2014), p. 2.

[33]      Human Rights Law Centre, Submission 17, pp 12-13; Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission 30, pp 4-5; Law Society of New South Wales, Submission 8, p. 3; Kaldor Centre, Submission 9, p. 4; UNHCR, Submission 21, p. 1; Castan Centre for Human Rights Law, Submission 7, p. 3; Immigration Advice and Rights Centre, Submission 14, p. 4; Civil Liberties Australia, Submission 5, p. 1; Kate Schuetze, Amnesty International, Committee Hansard, 12 July 2014, p. 51; Asylum Seeker Resource Centre, Submission 23, p. 5.

[34]      Submission 21, p. 1.

[35]      Human Rights Law Centre, Submission 17, pp. 12-13; Castan Centre for Human Rights Law, Submission 7, p.3; Ms Kate Schuetze, Amnesty International, Committee Hansard, 12 July 2014, p. 5; and Dr Azadeh Dastyari, Castan Centre for Human Rights Law, Committee Hansard, 13 June 2014, pp16 and 19.

[36]      Human Rights Law Centre, Submission 17, p. 12; Ms Kate Schuetze, Amnesty International, Committee Hansard, 12 July 2014, p. 51.

[37]      Committee Hansard, 12 July 2014, p. 59.

[38]      Committee Hansard, 13 June 2014, pp 16, 19.

[39]      Submission 22, Attachment 1, p. 83. See also Ms Kate Schuetze, Amnesty International, Committee Hansard, 12 July 2014, p. 51.

[40]      International Law Commission, 'Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts, with Commentaries' (2001) articles 16–18; Hirsi Jamaa v Italy (2012) 55 EHRR 21, para 129, referred to in Kaldor Centre, Submission 9, p. 6.

[41]      Dr Joyce Chia, Kaldor Centre, Committee Hansard, 13 June 2014, p.19; Kaldor Centre, Submission 9, p. 4; Law Society of New South Wales, Submission 8, p. 3; Amnesty International, Submission 22, Attachment 1, p. 85. See also: International Law Commission (ILC), Draft Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts, 2001; Hirsi Jamaa v Italy (App No 27765/09, European Court of Human Rights, Grand Chamber, 23 February 2012) para 129.

[42]      Submission 22, Attachment 1, p. 83. See also Ms Kate Schuetze, Amnesty International, Committee Hansard, 12 July 2014, p. 51.

[43]      Committee Hansard, 13 June 2014, p. 16.

[44]      Kaldor Centre, Submission 9, p. 4; Law Society of New South Wales, Submission 8, p. 3. See also International Law Commission (ILC), Draft Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts, 2001.

[45]      International Law Commission (ILC), Draft Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts with commentaries, 2001, article 16 and 17.

[46]      International Law Commission (ILC), Draft Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts with commentaries, 2001, article 16 and 17.

[47]      UNHCR, Submission 21, p. 3; Amnesty International, Submission 22, Attachment 1.

[48]      See, for example: Castan Centre for Human Rights Law, Submission 7, p. 7; Mr Daniel Webb, Human Rights Law Centre, Committee Hansard, 12 July 2014, p. 51; Amnesty International, Submission 22, p. 4; and Ms Sophie Kay Nicolle, Amnesty International, Committee Hansard, 12 July 2014, p. 50.

[49]      See, for example, Amnesty International, Submission 22, Attachment 1, p. 4.

[50]      Dr Joyce Chia, Kaldor Centre, Committee Hansard, 13 June 2014, p. 15; and Ms Natalie Young, Law Society of New South Wales, Committee Hansard, 13 July 2014, p. 9.

[51]      Ms Sophie Nicolle, Amnesty International, Committee Hansard, 12 July 2014, p. 49; UNHCR, Submission 21, p. 3.

[52]      Amnesty International, Submission 22, pp 3-4; Kaldor Centre, Submission 9, Attachment 1, pp 2-3.

[53]      Dr Azadeh Dastyari, Castan Centre for Human Rights Law, Committee Hansard, 13 June 2014, p. 14; Civil Liberties Australia, Submission 5, p. 2; Dr Joyce Chia, Kaldor Centre, Committee Hansard, 13 June 2014, p. 15; Amnesty International, Submission 22, p. 9.

[54]      Submission 9, p. 7.

[55]      Committee Hansard, 13 June 2014, p. 14. See also Dr Joyce Chia, Kaldor Centre, Committee Hansard, 13 June 2014, p. 15.

[56]      Human Rights Law Centre, Submission 17, p. 14.

[57]      Submission 22, p. 10.

[58]      See, for example: McCann v United Kingdom (1996) 21 EHRR 97, [3], [188], [194]; R (Middleton) v West Somerset Coroner [2004] 2 AC 182; Paul and Audrey Edwards v United Kingdom (2002) 35 EHRR 19, [69]–[73]; R (Amin) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2004] 1 AC, 653, [19]-[20], [23]; Osman v United Kingdom (1998) 29 EHHR 245, [115]. The duty to investigate was referred to in a number of submissions, for example the Kaldor Centre, Submission 9, p. 7.

[59]      Submission 9, p. 8.

[60]      Submission 9, p. 8.

[61]      Kaldor Centre, Submission 9, p. 8; Ms Sophie Nicolle, Amnesty International, Committee Hansard, 12 June 2014, p. 49.

[62]      Submission 9, p. 8. See also Amnesty International, Submission 22, p. 10.

[63]      See, for example: Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission 30, pp 10-11; Kaldor Centre, Submission 9, p. 10.

[64]      Committee Hansard, 12 July 2014, p. 50.

[65]      Committee Hansard, 12 July 2014, p. 51.

[66]      Submission 17, p. 15.

[67]      Submission 22, pp 9-10.

[68]      Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Answers to questions taken on notice at a public hearing on 11 July 2014 (received 17 September 2014), [p. 3].

[69]      Committee Hansard,11 July 2014, pp 38 and 40.

[70]      See, for example: Kaldor Centre, Submission 9, p. 3; Australian Lawyers Alliance, Submission 13, pp 19-20.

[71]      Submission 13, p. 6.

[72]      Committee Hansard, 13 June 2014, p. 2.

[73]      Submission 9, p. 3.

[74]      See, Australian Lawyers Alliance, Submission 13, pp 19-20; Andrew & Renata Kaldor Centre for International Refugee Law, Submission 9, p. 3.

[75]      Submission 9, p. 3.

[76]      Australian Lawyers Alliance, Submission 13, pp 19-20.

[77]      Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Answers to questions taken on notice at a public hearing on 11 July 2014 (received 17 September 2014), [p. 3].

Chapter 8 - Conclusions and Recommendations

[1]        See: Mr Robert Cornall AO, Review into the events of 16-18 February 2014 at the Manus Regional Processing Centre, 23 May 2014, pp 81-82.

[2]        Humanitarian Research Partners, Submission 26, p. 6; Mr Andrew Wilkie MP, Submission 4, p. 14; Asylum Seeker Resource Centre, Submission 23, pp 4 and 9.

[3]        See chapter 5, paragraphs 5.47-5.48.

[4]        G4S, 'Manus Island OPC Emergency Management Plan', p. 32, Additional Information provided by Comcare – documents relating to management of the Manus Island RPC (received 10 July 2014), [p. 56].  

[5]        Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Answers to questions taken on notice at a public hearing on 10 June 2014 (received 9 July 2014), [p. 11] (See paragraph 7.21 of this report).

[6]        See chapter 6, paragraphs 6.19-6.27.

[7]        Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Answers to written questions on notice (received 25 November 2014), pp 1-2.

[8]        G4S, Answers to written questions on notice (received 28 November 2014), pp 1 and 2.

[9]        Note, for example, that in an interview on 24 February 2014, it was put to the Minister that it appeared that PNG police had entered the compound, however the Minister did not confirm or deny this. See: The Hon Scott Morrison MP, Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, 'Manus Island incident', Interview with Chris Uhlmann, ABC AM Program, 24 February 2014, at: http://www.minister.immi.gov.au/media/sm/2014/sm212067.htm (accessed 30 October 2014).

[10]      See chapter 7, paragraphs 7.36-7.39.

[11]      See, Mr Mark Cormack, DIBP, Committee Hansard, 11 July 2014, p. 28.

[12]      See chapter 7, paragraphs 7.59-7.63.

[13]      The Hon Rimbink Pato, LLB, OBE, MP, Papua New Guinea Minister for Foreign Affairs and Immigration, 'Refugees to start new lives in PNG', Media Release, 12 November 2014. See also The Hon Scott Morrison MP, Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, 'More progress on PNG resettlement arrangement as first refugee determinations handed down', Media Release, 12 November 2014.

[14]      See chapter 2, paragraphs 2.63-2.67.

Dissenting report from Government Members of the Committee - Introduction

[1]        Mr Mark Cormack, Deputy Secretary, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Committee Hansard, 11 July 2014, p. 19.

[2]        Committee Hansard, 11 July 2014, p. 19.

[3]        Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 2.

[4]        Mr Darren Boyd, G4S, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2014, p. 50.

[5]        Government of Papua New Guinea and the Government of Australia, Regional Resettlement Arrangement between Australia and Papua New Guinea (Regional Resettlement Arrangement), 19 July 2013, available at: http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/png/regional-resettlement-arrangement-20130719.pdf (accessed 8 August 2014).

[6]        Regional Resettlement Arrangement, 19 July 2013.

[7]        Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Answers to questions on notice (received 7 November 2014), p. 4.

[8]        Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Answers to questions on notice (received 7 November 2014), p. 5.

[9]        IHMS , Answers to questions on notice (received 12 November 2014), p. 1.

[10]      Economic and Development Benefits to PNG of the Regional Resettlement Arrangement, 7 November 2014, p. 1.

[11]      Economic and Development Benefits to PNG of the Regional Resettlement Arrangement, 7 November 2014, p. 1.

[12]      Economic and Development Benefits to PNG of the Regional Resettlement Arrangement, 7 November 2014, p. 3.

[13]      Mr Mark Cormack, Deputy Secretary, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Committee Hansard, 11 July 2014, p. 19.

Additional Comments from the Australian Greens

[1]        Mr Steve Kilburn, Submission 18, p. 4.

[2]        Papua New Guinea to rewrite policy for resettling refugees from Manus Island detention centre, http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-10-20/png-to-rewrite-policy-for-resettling-refugees-from-manus-island/5827926 (accessed 9 December 2014).