Chapter 1 - Introduction

[1]        Journals of the Senate, No. 133, 29 November 2018, pp. 4324–4326.

[2]        Journals of the Senate, No. 137, 6 December 2018, pp. 4480–4484.

[3]        House of Representatives Votes and Proceedings, No. 149, 26 November 2018, p. 1940.

[4]        Journals of the Senate, No. 133, 29 November 2018, p. 4329.

[5]        House of Representatives Votes and Proceedings, No. 153, 3 December 2018, p. 1992.

[6]        Explanatory Memorandum (EM), National Integrity Commission Bill 2018 (McGowan NIC bill), p. [2]; EM, National Integrity (Parliamentary Standards) Bill 2018 (NIPS bill), p. [2].

[7]        EM, National Integrity Commission Bill (No. 2) (Greens NIC bill), p. 1.

[8]        EM, McGowan NIC bill, p. [2].

[9]        EM, Greens NIC bill, p. 1.

[10]      See A J Brown, Adam Graycar AM, Kym Kelly, the Hon Ken Coghill, Tim Prenzler, and Janet Ransley, A National Integrity Commission – Options for Australia, August 2018, http://transparency.org.au/national-integrity-systems-assessment/ (accessed 20 March 2019), Option 3, p. 60.

[11]      EM, McGowan NIC bill, p. [2]; EM, Greens NIC bill, p. 1.

[12]      EM, McGowan NIC bill, p. [2]; EM, Greens NIC bill, p. 1.

[13]      EM, McGowan NIC bill, p. [3]; EM, Greens NIC bill, p. 2.

[14]      Subclause 11(2) of the NIC bills.

[15]      Subclause 187(2) of the NIC bills.

[16]      EM, McGowan NIC bill, p. [1] and p. [5]; EM, Greens NIC bill, p. 1 and p. 4.

[17]      Clauses 13 and 16 of the NIC bills.

[18]      EM, McGowan NIC bill, p. [3]; EM, Greens NIC bill, pp. 2–3.

[19]      Subclause 244(1) of the NIC bills; also see EM, McGowan NIC bill, p. [4]; EM, Greens NIC bill, p. 3.

[20]      This is indicated by the graphic included in the EM to each of the NIC bills (see above). Also see Item 5 of Schedule 1 of the NIC bills.

[21]      EM, McGowan NIC bill, p. [3]; EM, Greens NIC bill, p. 2.

[22]      Subclauses 244(2), 244(3) of the NIC bills; also see EM, McGowan NIC bill, p. [76]; EM, Greens NIC bill, p. 78.

[23]      See clauses 187, 197, 206, and 246 to 249 of the NIC bills. It appears that Law Enforcement Integrity Commissioner would be appointed by the Governor‑General without the need for approval by the PJC NIC; see clause 196 of the NIPS bill.

[24]      Subsections 246(1) and 246(2) of the NIC bills.

[25]      Part 12 of the NIC bills; also see EM, McGowan NIC bill, p. [4]; EM, Greens NIC bill, p. 3.

[26]      Subclause 254(2) of the NIC bills.

[27]      Clause 254 of the NIPS bill.

[28]      See Part 3 of the NIC bills.

[29]      Clause 20 of the NIC bills.

[30]      Division 6 of Part 3 of the NIC bills.

[31]      EM, Greens NIC bill, p. 1.

[32]      See clause 9 of each of the NIC bills.

[33]      Subclause 9(6) of the McGowan NIC bill and subclause 9(4) of the Greens NIC bill.

[34]      Paragraph 9(6)(d) of the McGowan NIC bill; also see the definition of 'applicable code of conduct' at clause 8 of the McGowan NIC bill.

[35]      Paragraph 9(4)(d) of the Greens NIC bill; also see an exchange between Senator the Hon Ian Macdonald, Senator Larissa Waters, and Ms Sarah Chidgey, Deputy Secretary, Integrity and International Group, Attorney‑General's Department, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 36.

[36]      EM, Greens NIC bill, p. 6.

[37]      Subclause 12(3) of the Greens NIC bill; also see EM, Greens NIC bill, p. 1 and p. 7.

[38]      Subclause 12(1) of the McGowan NIC bill; EM, McGowan NIC bill, pp. [7]–[8].

[39]      See Divisions 1 and 2 of Part 2 of the National Integrity (Parliamentary Standards) Bill 2018 (NIPS bill).

[40]      See Part 4 of the NIPS bill.

[41]      See Part 5 of the NIPS bill.

[42]      Clause 93 of the NIPS bill.

[43]      Clauses 35 and 37 of the NIPS bill (in relation to the Integrity Adviser); Clauses 67 and 69 of the NIPS bill (in relation to the Standards Commissioner).

[44]      Clause 99 of the NIPS bill (relating to the review of the NIPS bill); clauses 96 to 98 of the NIPS bill (relating to other reviews)

[45]      EM, NIPS bill, p. [2]; Clauses 21 and 22 of the NIPS bill.

[46]      Press conference with the Attorney-General, Transcript, 13 December 2018, https://www.pm.gov.au/media/press-conference-attorney-general-0 (accessed 11 January 2019).

[47]      Attorney‑General's Department, A Commonwealth Integrity Commission – Proposed reforms, December 2018, p. 1.

[48]      Attorney‑General's Department, A Commonwealth Integrity Commission, December 2018, p. 1.

[49]      Attorney‑General's Department, A Commonwealth Integrity Commission, December 2018, p. 3.

[50]      Attorney‑General's Department, A Commonwealth Integrity Commission, December 2018, p. 3.

[51]      Attorney‑General's Department, A Commonwealth Integrity Commission, December 2018, p. 3.

[52]      Attorney‑General's Department, A Commonwealth Integrity Commission, December 2018, p. 7.

[53]      Attorney‑General's Department, A Commonwealth Integrity Commission, December 2018, p. 8.

[54]      Attorney‑General's Department, A Commonwealth Integrity Commission, December 2018, p. 5.

[55]      Standing Committee for the Scrutiny of Bills (the Scrutiny of Bills Committee), Scrutiny Digest 15 of 2018, 5 December 2018, pp. 29–43.

[56]      Scrutiny of Bills Committee, Scrutiny Digest 15 of 2018, 5 December 2018, pp. 29–31.

[57]      Scrutiny of Bills Committee, Scrutiny Digest 15 of 2018, 5 December 2018, pp. 31–33.

[58]      Scrutiny of Bills Committee, Scrutiny Digest 15 of 2018, 5 December 2018, p. 42.

[59]      Scrutiny of Bills Committee, Scrutiny Digest 15 of 2018, 5 December 2018, pp. 33–36.

[60]      Scrutiny of Bills Committee, Scrutiny Digest 15 of 2018, 5 December 2018, pp. 36–37.

[61]      Scrutiny of Bills Committee, Scrutiny Digest 15 of 2018, 5 December 2018, pp. 37–38.

[62]      Scrutiny of Bills Committee, Scrutiny Digest 15 of 2018, 5 December 2018, pp. 40–41.

[63]      Scrutiny of Bills Committee, Scrutiny Digest 15 of 2018, 5 December 2018, p. 43.

[64]      Scrutiny of Bills Committee, Scrutiny Digest 1 of 2019, 13 February 2019, pp. 11–16.

[65]      Scrutiny of Bills Committee, Scrutiny Digest 1 of 2019, 13 February 2019, pp. 11–12.

[66]      Scrutiny of Bills Committee, Scrutiny Digest 1 of 2019, 13 February 2019, pp. 12–14.

[67]      Scrutiny of Bills Committee, Scrutiny Digest 1 of 2019, 13 February 2019, pp. 15–16.

[68]      Parliamentary Joint Committee on Human Rights, Index of bills and instruments considered by the committee: 2018, as at 15 February 2019; Parliamentary Joint Committee on Human Rights, Index of bills and instruments considered by the committee: 2019, as at 15 February 2019.

[69]      Select Committee on the Establishment of a National Integrity Commission, Interim report, May 2016, p. 39.

[70]      Select Committee on a National Integrity Commission, Report, September 2017, p. 218.

[71]      Select Committee on a National Integrity Commission, Report, September 2017, p. 219.

Chapter 2 - Key issues

[1]        For example, Transparency International Australia, Submission 12, pp. 7–8; New South Wales Ombudsman (NSW Ombudsman), Submission 15, p. 2; Australian Council of Trade Unions, Submission 16, p. 3.

[2]        Transparency International Australia, Submission 12, p. 2.

[3]        Transparency International Australia, Submission 12, p. 2.

[4]        Accountability Round Table, Submission 10, p. 1.

[5]        National Integrity Committee (The Australia Institute) (National Integrity Committee), Submission 6, p. 1.

[6]        Mr Michael Barnes, NSW Ombudsman, Office of the NSW Ombudsman, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 41.

[7]        Ombudsman Western Australia, Submission 3, p. 2.

[8]        Institute of Public Affairs, Submission 5, p. [1].

[9]        Institute of Public Affairs, Submission 5, Attachment 1, p. 8.

[10]      Institute of Public Affairs, Submission 5, Attachment 1, p. 9.

[11]      Mr Gideon Rozner, Director of Policy, Institute of Public Affairs, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 29.

[12]      Mr Rozner, Institute of Public Affairs, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 28.

[13]      Mr Morgan Begg, Research Fellow, Institute of Public Affairs, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 28.

[14]      For example, National Integrity Committee, Submission 6, p. 1; Australian Council of Trade Unions, Submission 16, p. 2.

[15]      Transparency International Australia, Submission 12, p. 3.

[16]      Transparency International Australia, Submission 12, p. 8.

[17]      National Integrity Committee, Submission 6, p. 5.

[18]      The Hon Anthony Whealy QC, Member, National Integrity Committee, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 3.

[19]      Crime and Corruption Commission Queensland, Submission 2, p. 2; also see Mr Alan MacSporran QC, Chairperson, Crime and Corruption Commission Queensland, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, pp. 46–47.

[20]      Crime and Corruption Commission Queensland, Submission 2, pp. 1–2.

[21]      Crime and Corruption Commission Queensland, Submission 2, p. 2.

[22]      Community and Public Sector Union, Submission 8, p. 3; also see Mr Michael Tull, Assistant National Secretary, PSU Group, Community and Public Sector Union, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 22

[23]      Mr Whealy, National Integrity Committee, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 7.

[24]      ACT Government, Submission 13, p. 2.

[25]      Police Federation of Australia, Submission 9, p. 2.

[26]      Ms Sarah Chidgey, Deputy Secretary, Integrity and International Group, Attorney-General's Department, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 35.

[27]      Ms Chidgey, Attorney-General's Department, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 39.

[28]      Explanatory Memorandum, McGowan NIC bill, p. [3]; Explanatory Memorandum, Greens NIC bill, p. 2; also see clause 278 of the NIC bills.

[29]      Mr Whealy, National Integrity Committee, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 11.

[30]      The Hon David Ipp AO QC, Member, National Integrity Committee, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 11; also see National Integrity Committee, Submission 6, p. 8.

[31]      Ms Fiona McLeod SC, Chair, Transparency International Australia, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 53; also see Transparency International Australia, Submission 12, p. 3.

[32]      Ms McLeod, Transparency International Australia, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 54.

[33]      Accountability Round Table, Submission 10, p. 2.

[34]      Dr Colleen Lewis, Director, Accountability Round Table, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 54; also see Accountability Round Table, Submission 10, p. 2.

[35]      Professor Charles Sampford, Director, Accountability Round Table, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 54.

[36]      Professor Sampford, Accountability Round Table, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 54.

[37]      Mr Barnes, NSW Ombudsman, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 41.

[38]      Ms Cathy Cato, Executive Director, Legal and Integrity, Victorian Inspectorate, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 44.

[39]      Mr MacSporran, Crime and Corruption Commission Queensland, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 44.

[40]      Mr Tull, Community and Public Sector Union, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 23; also see Community and Public Sector Union, Submission 8, p. 4.

[41]      Crime and Corruption Commission Queensland, Submission 2, p. 2.

[42]      Institute of Public Affairs, Submission 5, Attachment 1, p. 7.

[43]      Institute of Public Affairs, Submission 5, p. [1].

[44]      Institute of Public Affairs, Submission 5, Attachment 1, p. 11.

[45]      Mr Begg, Institute of Public Affairs, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, pp. 27–28.

[46]      See, for example, Accountability Round Table, Submission 10, p. 2; Transparency International Australia, Submission 12, p.3; Mr Barnes, NSW Ombudsman, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 41; Ms McLeod, Transparency International Australia, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 53.

[47]      National Integrity Committee, Submission 6, p. 1.

[48]      Mr Ipp, National Integrity Committee, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 5.

[49]      Mr Ipp, National Integrity Committee, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 6.

[50]      Mr Ipp, National Integrity Committee, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 6; also see, for example, Dr Lewis, Accountability Round Table, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 51.

[51]      Community and Public Sector Union, Submission 8, p. 6; also see, for example, National Integrity Committee, Submission 6, p. 8.

[52]      Crime and Corruption Commission Queensland, Submission 2, p. 3.

[53]      Crime and Corruption Commission Queensland, Submission 2, p. 4.

[54]      Ms Chidgey, Attorney-General's Department, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 31.

[55]      NSW Ombudsman, Submission 15, p. 3.

[56]      National Integrity Committee, Submission 6, p. 7.

[57]      Also see, for example, discussion of immunities in Crime and Corruption Commission Queensland, Submission 2, p. 6.

[58]      National Integrity Committee, Submission 6, pp. 7–8.

[59]      For example, Mr Ipp, National Integrity Committee, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 8.

[60]      Transparency International Australia, Submission 12, p. 3.

[61]      Professor Sampford, Accountability Round Table, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 57.

[62]      Mr Rozner, Institute of Public Affairs, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 29.

[63]      Mr MacSporran, Crime and Corruption Commission Queensland, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 43.

[64]      Mr MacSporran, Crime and Corruption Commission Queensland, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 43.

[65]      Mr MacSporran, Crime and Corruption Commission Queensland, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 44; Mr Barnes, NSW Ombudsman, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 44.

[66]      See, for example, Crime and Corruption Commission Queensland, Submission 2, p. 6; Community and Public Sector Union, Submission 8, p. 6; Transparency International Australia, Submission 12, p. 3; NSW Ombudsman, Submission 15, p. 2.

[67]      National Integrity Committee, Submission 6, p. 2.

[68]      National Integrity Committee, Submission 6, p. 2.

[69]      Accountability Round Table, Submission 10, p. 2.

[70]      Dr Lewis, Accountability Round Table, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 57.

[71]      Ms McLeod, Transparency International Australia, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, pp. 56–57.

[72]      Mr MacSporran, Crime and Corruption Commission Queensland, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 46.

[73]      Mr Rozner, Institute of Public Affairs, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 29.

[74]      Mr Begg, Institute of Public Affairs, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 28.

[75]      Ms Chidgey, Attorney‑General's Department, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 38.

[76]      National Integrity Committee, Submission 6, p. 7.

[77]      See, for example, Community and Public Sector Union, Submission 8, p. 5.

[78]      Mr MacSporran, Crime and Corruption Commission Queensland, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 46.

[79]      Ms McLeod, Transparency International Australia, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 56; also see Transparency International Australia, Submission 12, p. 3.

[80]      National Integrity Committee, Submission 6, p. 5.

[81]      National Integrity Committee, Submission 6, p. 2.

[82]      National Integrity Committee, Submission 6, p. 5.

[83]      Mr Ipp, National Integrity Committee, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, pp. 4–5.

[84]      See Mr Ipp, National Integrity Committee, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 6.

[85]      National Integrity Committee, Submission 6, p. 5.

[86]      Mr Ipp, National Integrity Committee, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 7.

[87]      See, for example, Community and Public Sector Union, Submission 8, p. 8; Transparency International Australia, Submission 12, p. 3.

[88]      Australian Council of Trade Union, Submission 16, p. 2.

[89]      Police Federation of Australia, Submission 9, p. 4.

[90]      Mr Barnes, NSW Ombudsman, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 41.

[91]      Mr Barnes, NSW Ombudsman, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, pp. 41–42; also see NSW Ombudsman, Submission 15, p. 3.

[92]      NSW Ombudsman, Submission 15, pp. 5–6.

[93]      NSW Ombudsman, Submission 15, p. 5.

[94]      Commonwealth Ombudsman, Submission 17, p. 4

[95]      Mr Michael Manthorpe, Commonwealth Ombudsman, Office of the Commonwealth Ombudsman, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 34.

[96]      Dr Lewis, Accountability Round Table, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 51.

[97]      Accountability Round Table, Submission 10, p. 2.

[98]      Accountability Round Table, Submission 10, p. 3.

[99]      National Integrity Committee, Submission 6, p. 4.

[100]    National Integrity Committee, Submission 6, p. 4.

[101]    Australian Council of Trade Unions, Submission 16, p. 8.

[102]    Note that this position is consistent with subclause 187(2) of the NIC bills. Also see National Integrity Committee, Submission 6, p. 2; Accountability Round Table, Submission 10, p. 2.

[103]    Australian Council of Trade Unions, Submission 16, pp. 6–8.

[104]    National Integrity Committee, Submission 6, p. 3.

[105]    See, for example, National Integrity Committee, Submission 6, p. 3; Transparency International Australia, Submission 12, p. 4; NSW Ombudsman, Submission 15, p. 2.

[106]    Accountability Round Table, Submission 10, p. 1.

[107]    Community and Public Sector Union, Submission 8, p. 3.

[108]    Mr Osmond Chiu, Senior Policy and Research Officer, PSU Group, Community and Public Sector Union, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 19.

[109]    Ms Chidgey, Attorney‑General's Department, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 38.

[110]    National Integrity Committee, Submission 6, p. 4.

[111]    See, for example, Transparency International Australia, Submission 12, p. 8; Australian Council of Trade Unions, Submission 16, p. 6.

[112]    Accountability Round Table, Submission 10, p. 3.

[113]    National Integrity Committee, Submission 6, p. 6.

[114]    Accountability Round Table, Submission 10, p. 3; also see National Integrity Committee, Submission 6, p. 6.

[115]    Victorian Inspectorate, Submission 1, p. 1. These differences are discussed at Victorian Inspectorate, Submission 1, pp. 1–2; also see Ms Cato, Victorian Inspectorate, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 42.

[116]    Victorian Inspectorate, Submission 1, p. 2.

[117]    Ms Cato, Victorian Inspectorate, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 42.

[118]    See, for example, Crime and Corruption Commission Queensland, Submission 2, p. 6; NSW Ombudsman, Submission 15, pp. 2–3.

[119]    Inspector‑General of Intelligence and Security, Submission 11, p. 1.

[120]    Inspector‑General of Intelligence and Security, Submission 11, p. 2.

[121]    Inspector‑General of Intelligence and Security, Submission 11, p. 3.

[122]    Inspector‑General of Intelligence and Security, Submission 11, p. 3.

[123]    Commonwealth Ombudsman, Submission 17, p. 2.

[124]    Commonwealth Ombudsman, Submission 17, p. 3.

[125]    Ms Chidgey, Attorney‑General's Department, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 31.

[126]    Ms Chidgey, Attorney‑General's Department, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 35.

[127]    Australian National Audit Office, Submission 18, p. 2, also see pp. 8–13.

[128]    Dr Tom Ioannou, Group Executive Director, Australian National Audit Office, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 32; also Australian National Audit Office, Submission 18, p. 3

[129]    Commonwealth Ombudsman, Submission 17, p. 3.

[130]    Commonwealth Ombudsman, Submission 17, p. 3.

[131]    Inspector‑General of Intelligence and Security, Submission 11, pp. 3–4.

[132]    Ms Chidgey, Attorney-General's Department, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 31; also see Australian National Audit Office, Submission 17, pp. 7–8.

[133]    See clause 44 of the NIC bills.

[134]    Australian National Audit Office, Submission 18, p. 10.

[135]    Ms Chidgey, Attorney-General's Department, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 31.

[136]    Inspector‑General of Intelligence and Security, Submission 11, p. 4.

[137]    Inspector‑General of Intelligence and Security, Submission 11, p. 5.

[138]    See, for example, Adjunct Professor the Hon Dr Ken Coghill, Private capacity, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 15; Transparency International Australia, Submission 12, p. 9; Dr  Lewis, Accountability Round Table, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 51; Professor Sampford, Accountability Round Table, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 52.

[139]    Dr Coghill, Private capacity, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 15; also see Dr Coghill, Submission 14, p. 3.

[140]    Dr Coghill, Private capacity, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 13.

[141]    Dr Coghill, Private capacity, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 13.

[142]    Transparency International Australia, Submission 12, p. 9; also see Dr  Lewis, Accountability Round Table, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 51.

[143]    See, for example, Dr Coghill, Private capacity, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 13; Transparency International Australia, Submission 12, p. 9.

[144]    Dr Coghill, Submission 14, p. 3.

[145]    Dr Coghill, Private capacity, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 14.

[146]    See Dr Coghill, Private capacity, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 13; Transparency International Australia, Submission 12, p. 9; Dr Lewis, Accountability Round Table, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 51; Professor Sampford, Accountability Round Table, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 52.

[147]    Dr Coghill, Private capacity, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, pp. 13–14; also see Professor Sampford, Accountability Round Table, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 52.

[148]    See Dr Coghill, Private capacity, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 13; Transparency International Australia, Submission 12, p. 9; Dr Lewis, Accountability Round Table, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 51; Professor Sampford, Accountability Round Table, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 52.

[149]    Dr Coghill, Private capacity, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 14.

[150]    Dr Coghill, Private capacity, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 15.

[151]    Dr Coghill, Private capacity, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 15.

[152]    Professor Sampford, Accountability Round Table, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2019, p. 52.

[153]    Transparency International Australia, Submission 12, pp. 10–11.