Footnotes

Chapter 1 - Introduction and background

[1]        Journals of the Senate No.101, 24 June 2015, p. 2804.

[2]        Journals of the Senate No. 111, 7 September 2015, p. 3039.

[3]        Journals of the Senate No. 120, 13 October 2015, p. 3224.

[4]        Journals of the Senate No. 127, 23 November 2015, p. 3420.

[5]        Journals of the Senate, No. 143, 1 March 2016, p. 3858.

[6]        Jewel Topsfield, Sarah Whyte and Karuni Rompies, 'Australian officials paid people smugglers to turn back to Indonesia, says police chief', Sydney Morning Herald, 10 June 2015, available: http://www.smh.com.au/national/australian-officials-paid-people-smugglers-to-turn-back-to-indonesia-says-police-chief-20150609-ghk63g.html (accessed 2 July 2015). 

[7]        Jewel Topsfield, Sarah Whyte and Karuni Rompies, 'Australian officials paid people smugglers to turn back to Indonesia, says police chief', Sydney Morning Herald, 10 June 2015.

[8]        ABC/Reuters, 'Asylum seekers: Indonesian foreign minister wants answers over allegations Australia paid people smugglers', ABC News, 13 June 2015, available: http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-06-13/indonesian-fm-wants-answers-over-smuggling-pay-allegations/6544206 (accessed 2 July 2015). 

[9]        The Guardian, 'Australia has hit "new low" amid claims of payment to people smugglers', The Guardian, 13 June 2015, available: http://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2015/jun/13/pressure-on-abbott-over-claims-people-smugglers-were-paid-to-turn-back-boats (accessed 2 July 2015).

[10]      George Roberts, 'Indonesian police documents detail boat turn-back and alleged payments to people smuggling crew', ABC News, available: http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-06-17/indonesian-documents-detail-boat-turnback-and-alleged-payments/6551472 (accessed 29 July 2015).

[11]      George Roberts, 'Indonesian police documents detail boat turn-back and alleged payments to people smuggling crew', ABC News, available at: http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-06-17/indonesian-documents-detail-boat-turnback-and-alleged-payments/6551472 (accessed 29 July 2015).

[12]      Cameron Stewart, 'Sinking fears sparked emergency rescue of asylum 'bribes' boat', The Australian, 17 June 2015, p. 1.

[13]      Cameron Stewart, 'Sinking fears sparked emergency rescue of asylum 'bribes' boat', The Australian, 17 June 2015, p. 1.

[14]      Cameron Stewart, 'Sinking fears sparked emergency rescue of asylum 'bribes' boat', The Australian, 17 June 2015, p. 1.

[15]      Cameron Stewart, 'Spies have form in handing cash to asylum crews', The Australian, 18 June 2015, p. 1.

[16]      Cameron Stewart, 'Spies have form in handing cash to asylum crews', The Australian, 18 June 2015, p. 1.

[17]      See Emma Griffiths, 'Tony Abbott, Julie Bishop and Peter Dutton refuse to answer Opposition questions about paying people smugglers', ABC News, 15 June 2015, available at: http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-06-15/people-smugglers-abbott-bishop-dutton-refuse-discuss-payments/6547224 (accessed 29 September 2015).

[18]      'Tony Abbott rebuffs Indonesian questions on alleged cash payments to people smugglers', ABC News, 15 June 2015, available at: http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-06-14/abbott-dodges-questions-again-about-boat-turn-back-claims/6544558 (accessed 20 April 2016).

[19]      Submission 9, p. 2.

[20]      Journals of the Senate No. 96, 16 June 2015, pp 2665-2666.

[21]      Journals of the Senate No. 97, 17 June 2015, p. 2680.

[22]      The Hon Peter Dutton MP, Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, Response to Order for Production of Documents—Vessels en route to Australia, 17 June 2015, pp 2-3.

[23]      The Hon Peter Dutton MP, Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, Response to Order for Production of Documents—Vessels en route to Australia, 17 June 2015, p. 3.

[24]      The Hon Peter Dutton MP, Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, Response to Order for Production of Documents—Vessels en route to Australia, 17 June 2015, p. 3.

[25]      The Hon Peter Dutton MP, Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, Response to Order for Production of Documents—Vessels en route to Australia, 17 June 2015, pp 3-4.

[26]      Journals of the Senate No. 99, 22 June 2015, p. 2746.

Chapter 2 - Seeking the facts

[1]        Amnesty International, By hook or by crook: Australia's abuse of asylum seekers at sea, October 2015, provided to the committee as additional information, received 29 October 2015.

[2]        Amnesty International, By hook or by crook: Australia's abuse of asylum seekers at sea, additional information received 29 October 2015, pp 14-20.

[3]        Dr Graham Thom, Committee Hansard, 5 February 2016, p. 13.

[4]        Ms Stephanie Cousins, Committee Hansard, 5 February 2016, p. 10.

[5]        Dr Graham Thom, Committee Hansard, 5 February 2016, p. 13.

[6]        Amnesty International, By hook or by crook: Australia's abuse of asylum seekers at sea, additional information received 29 October 2015, p. 18.

[7]        Amnesty International, By hook or by crook: Australia's abuse of asylum seekers at sea, additional information received 29 October 2015, pp 18-19.

[8]        Dr Graham Thom, Committee Hansard, 5 February 2016, p. 13.

[9]        Amnesty International, By hook or by crook: Australia's abuse of asylum seekers at sea, additional information received 29 October 2015, p. 21.

[10]      Ms Stephanie Cousins, Committee Hansard, 5 February 2016, p. 11.

[11]      Dr Graham Thom, Committee Hansard, 5 February 2016, p. 16.

[12]      Ms Stephanie Cousins, Committee Hansard, 5 February 2016, p. 11.

[13]      Ms Stephanie Cousins, Committee Hansard, 5 February 2016, p. 11.

[14]      Operation Sovereign Borders Joint Agency Task Force, Submission 9, p. 2.

[15]      Major-General Andrew Bottrell, Committee Hansard, 5 February 2016, p. 24.

[16]      Major-General Andrew Bottrell, Committee Hansard, 5 February 2016, p. 26.

[17]      Major-General Andrew Bottrell, Committee Hansard, 5 February 2016, p. 23.

[18]      Major-General Andrew Bottrell, Committee Hansard, 5 February 2016, p. 32.

[19]      Major-General Andrew Bottrell, Committee Hansard, 5 February 2016, p. 32.

[20]      Mr Michael Pezzullo, Committee Hansard, 5 February 2016, p. 28.

[21]      Major-General Andrew Bottrell, Committee Hansard, 5 February 2016, p. 27.

[22]      Mr Michael Pezzullo, Committee Hansard, 5 February 2016, p. 28.

[23]      Major-General Andrew Bottrell, Committee Hansard, 5 February 2016, p. 30.

[24]      Mr Michael Pezzullo, Committee Hansard, 5 February 2016, p. 30.

[25]      Ms Marg Hutton, Submission 4; Ms Marilyn Shepherd, Submission 12.

[26]      Ms Marg Hutton, Submission 4, p. 1 (internal footnotes removed).

[27]      Ms Marg Hutton, Submission 4, p. 3.

[28]      Amnesty International, By hook or by crook: Australia's abuse of asylum seekers at sea, additional information received 29 October 2015, p. 40.

[29]      Amnesty International, By hook or by crook: Australia's abuse of asylum seekers at sea, additional information received 29 October 2015, pp 28-29.

[30]      Amnesty International, By hook or by crook: Australia's abuse of asylum seekers at sea, additional information received 29 October 2015, p. 28

[31]      Amnesty International, By hook or by crook: Australia's abuse of asylum seekers at sea, additional information received 29 October 2015, p. 25.

[32]      Amnesty International, By hook or by crook: Australia's abuse of asylum seekers at sea, additional information received 29 October 2015, pp 26-27.

[33]      Amnesty International, By hook or by crook: Australia's abuse of asylum seekers at sea, additional information received 29 October 2015, pp 27-28.

[34]      Ms Stephanie Cousins, Committee Hansard, 5 February 2016, p. 11.

[35]      Ms Stephanie Cousins, Committee Hansard, 5 February 2016, p. 11.

Chapter 3 - The legal and policy implications of paying people-smugglers

[1]        Andrew & Renata Kaldor Centre for International Refugee Law (Kaldor Centre), Submission 3, p. 7; Law Council of Australia (LCA), Submission 5, p. 2.

[2]        Civil Liberties Australia (CLA), Submission 2, [p. 7].

[3]        CLA, Submission 2, [p. 7].

[4]        LCA, Submission 5, p. 2. See also Refugee & Immigration Legal Centre (RILC),
Submission 11, p. 2.

[5]        Professor Ben Saul, Submission 1, pp 1-2 (internal citations omitted).

[6]        Professor Saul, Submission 1, p. 2.

[7]        Dr Anthony Cassimatis & Ms Catherine Drummond, Submission 8, p. 9. See also CLA, Submission 2, [p. 8].

[8]        RILC, Submission 11, p. 3.

[9]        CLA, Submission 2, [pp 7-8].

[10]      Professor Saul, Submission 1, p. 2.

[11]      RILC, Submission 11, pp 3-4.

[12]      Professor Saul, Submission 1, p. 2; CLA, Submission 2, p. 9; LCA, Submission 5, p. 2;
Dr Cassimatis & Ms Drummond, Submission 8, p. 14; RILC, Submission 11, p. 4.

[13]      Professor Saul, Submission 1, p. 2.

[14]      LCA, Submission 5, p. 2.

[15]      CLA, Submission 2, p. 9.

[16]      Mr David Manne, Committee Hansard, 5 February 2016, pp 3-4.

[17]      Mr David Manne, Committee Hansard, 5 February 2016, p. 6.

[18]      Professor Saul, Submission 1, p. 4; LCA, Submission 5, p. 3; Kaldor Centre, Submission 3, p. 8.

[19]      Professor Saul, Submission 1, p. 4.           

[20]      Kaldor Centre, Submission 3, p. 9.

[21]      Dr Cassimatis & Ms Drummond, Submission 8, p. 14.

[22]      LCA, Submission 5, p. 3.

[23]      Professor Saul, Submission 1, p. 4.

[24]      Mr Greg Hanson, Committee Hansard, 5 February 2016, p. 6.

[25]      Professor Anthony Cassimatis, Committee Hansard, 5 February 2016, p. 5. [It is noted that Dr Cassimatis' title had changed to Professor by the time of his appearance at the committee's public hearing.]

[26]      Dr Cassimatis & Ms Drummond, Submission 8, p. 17 (internal citations omitted).

[27]      [2004] ATS 11; done at New York, 15 November 2000, entered into force for Australia 26 June 2004.

[28]      [1954] ATS 5, done at Geneva, 28 July 1951, entered into force for Australia 22 April 1954.

[29]      Migrant Smuggling Protocol, Article 2.

[30]      Migrant Smuggling Protocol, Article 3(a).

[31]      Kaldor Centre, Submission 3, p. 4. See also UnitingJustice Australia, Submission 7, p. 3.

[32]      Dr Cassimatis & Ms Drummond, Submission 8, p. 6.

[33]      Professor Saul, Submission 1, p. 3 (underlines in original).

[34]      See: Kaldor Centre, Submission 3, pp 5-6; Professor Hilary Charlesworth, Dr Emma Larking and Ms Jacinta Mulders, Submission 6, p. 2; Dr Cassimatis & Ms Drummond, Submission 8, pp 6-9.

[35]      Human Rights Law Centre (HRLC), Submission 10, p. 4.

[36]      UnitingJustice Australia, Submission 7, p. 5.

[37]      Kaldor Centre, Submission 3, p. 4. See also: Professor Charlesworth, Dr Larking and Ms Mulders, Submission 6, p. 2; UnitingJustice Australia, Submission 7, p. 5; RILC, Submission 11, p. 9.

[38]      RILC, Submission 11, p. 8.

[39]      Professor Saul, Submission 1, p. 3. See also Dr Cassimatis & Ms Drummond, Submission 8,
p. 5.

[40]      Professor Anthony Cassimatis, Committee Hansard, 5 February 2016, p. 3.

[41]      Kaldor Centre, Submission 3, pp 6-7; UnitingJustice Australia, Submission 7, p. 4; RILC, Submission 11, p. 9.

[42]      LCA, Submission 5, p. 5; Professor Charlesworth, Dr Larking and Ms Mulders, Submission 6, p. 3

[43]      Kaldor Centre, Submission 3, pp 6-7.

[44]      Professor Charlesworth, Dr Larking and Ms Mulders, Submission 6, pp 2-3. See also RILC, Submission 11, pp 9-11.

[45]      Mr David Manne, Committee Hansard, 5 February 2016, pp 4-5.

[46]      LCA, Submission 5, pp 5-6 (internal citations omitted).

[47]      Dr Emma Larking, Committee Hansard, 5 February 2016, p. 4.

[48]      Amnesty International, By hook or by crook: Australia's abuse of asylum seekers at sea, additional information received 29 October 2015, p. 36.

[49]      Amnesty International, By hook or by crook: Australia's abuse of asylum seekers at sea, additional information received 29 October 2015, p. 33.

[50]      Mr Greg Hanson, Committee Hansard, 5 February 2016, p. 5.

[51]      Major-General Andrew Bottrell, Committee Hansard, 5 February 2016, p. 24.

[52]      Major-General Andrew Bottrell, Committee Hansard, 5 February 2016, p. 25.

[53]      Professor Anthony Cassimatis, Committee Hansard, 5 February 2016, p. 6.

[54]      RILC, Submission 11, pp 11-12.

[55]      Dr Cassimatis & Ms Drummond, Submission 8, pp 13-14.

[56]      Major-General Andrew Bottrell, Committee Hansard, 5 February 2016, p. 27.

[57]      Professor Saul, Submission 1, p. 3; Kaldor Centre, Submission 3, pp 10-11; RILC, Submission 11, p. 12.

[58]      Professor Saul, Submission 1, p. 3.

[59]      Professor Saul, Submission 1, p. 5. See also Dr Cassimatis & Ms Drummond, Submission 8, pp 17-18.

[60]      Professor Anthony Cassimatis, Committee Hansard, 5 February 2016, p. 4.

[61]      Department of Immigration and Border Protection, answers to questions on notice, 5 February 2016 (received 22 February 2016), p. 3.

[62]      Kaldor Centre, Submission 3, p. 11.

[63]      HRLC, Submission 10, p. 6. See also: UnitingJustice Australia, Submission 7, p. 5; Dr Cassimatis & Ms Drummond, Submission 8, p. 11.

[64]      UnitingJustice Australia, Submission 7, p. 5.

[65]      CLA, Submission 2, [p. 11].

[66]      RILC, Submission 11, pp 14-15.

[67]      Professor Saul, Submission 1, p. 5; UnitingJustice Australia, Submission 7, p. 5; HRLC, Submission 10, p. 7; RILC, Submission 11, p. 14.

[68]      Professor Saul, Submission 1, p. 5.

[69]      Mr Greg Hanson, Committee Hansard, 5 February 2016, p. 2.

[70]      Civil Liberties Australia, Submission 2, [p. 11]; RILC, Submission 11, p. 14.

[71]      RILC, Submission 11, p. 14.

[72]      UnitingJustice Australia, Submission 7, p. 6.

[73]      Professor Saul, Submission 1, p. 5; RILC, Submission 11, p. 14.

Chapter 4 - Operation Sovereign Borders: transparency and accountability

[1]        Operation Sovereign Borders Joint Agency Task Force (OSB JATF), Submission 9.

[2]        The Hon Peter Dutton MP, Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, letter to the committee Chair, received 3 February 2016 (unpublished).

[3]        Senator Glenn Lazarus, letter to the Hon Peter Dutton MP, 4 February 2016 (unpublished).

[4]        Mr Michael Pezzullo, Committee Hansard, 5 February 2016, p. 22.

[5]        Major-General Andrew Bottrell, Committee Hansard, 5 February 2016, p. 33.

[6]        Mr Michael Pezzullo, Committee Hansard, 5 February 2016, p. 33.

[7]        Human Rights Law Centre (HRLC), Submission 10, p. 7.

[8]        Civil Liberties Australia (CLA), Submission 2, [p. 10].

[9]        Mr David Manne, Committee Hansard, 5 February 2016, p. 8.

[10]      Mr David Manne, Committee Hansard, 5 February 2016, p. 7.

[11]      Mr David Manne, Committee Hansard, 5 February 2016, p. 8.

[12]      Dr Cassimatis & Ms Drummond, Submission 8, p. 19.

[13]      UnitingJustice Australia, Submission 7, p. 6.

[14]      Mr David Manne, Committee Hansard, 5 February 2016, p. 7.

[15]      Dr Emma Larking, Committee Hansard, 5 February 2016, p. 8.

[16]      Ms Stephanie Cousins, Committee Hansard, 5 February 2016, p. 11.

[17]      Amnesty International, By hook or by crook: Australia's abuse of asylum seekers at sea, additional information received 29 October 2015, p. 8.

[18]      Dr Graham Thom, Committee Hansard, 5 February 2016, p. 19.

[19]      Operation Sovereign Borders Joint Agency Task Force (OSB JATF), Submission 9, p. 2.

[20]      Major-General Andrew Bottrell, Committee Hansard, 5 February 2016, p. 23.

[21]      Committee Hansard, 5 February 2016, p. 29.

[22]      Mr Michael Pezzullo, Committee Hansard, 5 February 2016, pp 29-30.

[23]      Major-General Andrew Bottrell, Committee Hansard, 5 February 2016, p. 32.

[24]      Senator Katy Gallagher, Committee Hansard, 5 February 2016, p. 30.