Footnotes

CHAPTER 1 - Introduction

[1]        House of Representatives Votes and Proceedings, 21 June 2012, p. 1595.

[2]        Journals of the Senate, 28 June 2012, pp 2696-2697. Both bills were also referred to the Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade Legislation Committee (FADT Committee), for inquiry and report by 14 August 2012. The FADT Committee tabled a brief report in the Senate on 14 August 2012, in which it indicated that it had decided not to duplicate the work of the committee by conducting a parallel inquiry.

[3]        Journals of the Senate, 14 August 2012, p. 2719.

[4]        This section of the committee's report draws on the Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade References Committee report, The effectiveness of Australia's military justice system, June 2005, pp 7-15.

[5]        Section 63, Defence Force Discipline Act.

[6]        Part VII, Defence Force Discipline Act.

[7]        Subsection 114(1), Defence Force Discipline Act.

[8]        Subsection 114(2), Defence Force Discipline Act.

[9]        Subsection 114(3), Defence Force Discipline Act.

[10]      Section 129, Defence Force Discipline Act.

[11]      Sections 106-108, Defence Force Discipline Act.

[12]      Section 152, Defence Force Discipline Act.

[13]      Section 20, Defence Force Discipline Appeals Tribunal Act 1955.

[14]      Section 52, Defence Force Discipline Appeals Tribunal Act 1955.

[15]      Section 179, Defence Force Discipline Act.

[16]      Section 188G, Defence Force Discipline Act.

[17]      Section 188F, Defence Force Discipline Act.

[18]      Joint Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade, Military Justice in the Australian Defence Force, June 1999.

[19]      Joint Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade, Military Justice in the Australian Defence Force, June 1999, p. 117.

[20]      Joint Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade, Military Justice in the Australian Defence Force, June 1999, p. 117.

[21]      Joint Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade, Military Justice in the Australian Defence Force, June 1999, p. 120.

[22]      Joint Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade, Military Justice in the Australian Defence Force, June 1999, p. 126 (quoting a submission from Colonel K Northwood).

[23]      Joint Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade, Military Justice in the Australian Defence Force, June 1999, p. 126.

[24]      Senate Foreign Affairs Defence and Trade References Committee, The effectiveness of Australia's military justice system, June 2005, p. xxi.

[25]      Senate Foreign Affairs Defence and Trade References Committee, The effectiveness of Australia's military justice system, June 2005, p. 102.

[26]      Department of Defence, Government Response to Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade References Committee, October 2005, pp 14-15.

[27]      Defence Legislation Amendment Act 2006, Schedule 1, Item 11.

[28]      Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade Committee, Defence Legislation Amendment Bill 2006 [provisions], October 2006, p. 5.

[29]      Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade Committee, Defence Legislation Amendment Bill 2006 [provisions], October 2006, pp 5-7.

[30]      (2009) 239 CLR 230.

[31]      (2009) 239 CLR 230 at 237.

[32]      (2009) 239 CLR 230 at 266-267.

[33]      Explanatory Memorandum (EM), Military Court Bill, p. 1.

[34]      House of Representatives Votes and Proceedings, 24 June 2010, p. 1906; Journals of the Senate, 24 June 2010, p. 3773.

[35]      Senate Legal and Constitutional Affairs Legislation Committee, Inquiry into the provisions of the Military Court of Australia Bill 2010, 23 July 2010, p. 1, available from the committee's website: www.aph.gov.au/senate_legalcon.

CHAPTER 2 - Purpose and key provisions of the bills

[1]        House of Representatives Hansard, 21 June 2012, pp 7413-7414.

[2]        EM, Military Court Bill, p. 3. The diagram of the structure of the Military Court also indicates the serious service offences in Schedule 1 to be dealt with by the Appellate and Superior Division (discussed below).

[3]        EM, Military Court Bill, p. 29.

[4]        EM, Military Court Bill, p. 29.

[5]        House of Representatives Hansard, 21 June 2012, pp 7415-7416.

CHAPTER 3 - Key issues

[1]        For example, see, Mr Alexander Street SC, Submission 2, p. 3; Ms Gabrielle Appleby and Professor John Williams, Submission 3, p. 1; Inspector General Australian Defence Force, Submission 8, p. 1; General D.J. Hurley AC, DSC, Chief of the Defence Force, on behalf of the Australian Defence Force, Submission 9, p. 1.

[2]        Mr David McLure, Submission 11, p. 1; Mr Alister Abadee, Submission 12, p. 1; Returned and Services League of Australia, Submission 5, p. 1; Australia Defence Association, Submission 13, p. 3; Mr Neil James, Australia Defence Association, Committee Hansard, 14 September 2012, p. 3.

[3]        For example, Australia Defence Association, Submission 13, p. 3; Mr Alister Abadee, Committee Hansard, 14 September 2012, p. 26.

[4]        Submission 2, p. 3.

[5]        Submission 9, p. 2.

[6]        Submission 9, p. 1.

[7]        Submission 9, pp 1-2.

[8]        Committee Hansard, 14 September 2012, p. 35.

[9]        Submission 8, p. 1

[10]      Submission 3, p. 5.

[11]      Submission 6, pp 2-3.

[12]      Submission 4, Attachment 1, pp 1-2.

[13]      Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade References Committee report, The effectiveness of Australia's military justice system, June 2005, p. 98.

[14]      The Hon Alan Abadee AM RFD QC, Returned and Services League of Australia, Committee Hansard, 14 September 2012, p. 2; Mr Neil James, Australia Defence Association, Committee Hansard, 14 September 2012, p. 3.

[15]      Submission 12, p. 3.

[16]      Submission 12, p. 3.

[17]      Submission 11, p. 14.

[18]      Submission 11, p. 1.

[19]      For example, South Australian Bar Association and Law Society of South Australia, Submission 7, p. 1.

[20]      Submission 10, p. 1.

[21]      See, for example, Mr David McLure, Submission 11, p. 13; Mr Alexander Street SC, Submission 2, pp 8, 12.

[22]      Submission 4, Attachment 1, p. 3.

[23]      Submission 3, p. 6.

[24]      For example, the Hon Alan Abadee AM RFD QC, Returned and Services League of Australia, Committee Hansard, 14 September 2012, p. 1; Mr Alister Abadee, Committee Hansard, 14 September 2012, p. 26; Mr David McLure, Committee Hansard, 14 September 2012, p. 27.

[25]      For example, Mr Paul Willee QC, Law Council of Australia, Committee Hansard, 14 September 2012, pp 12, 15; Brigadier L.A. McDade, Director of Military Prosecutions, Submission 10, p. 1.

[26]      Submission 11, p. 2.

[27]      Submission 6, p. 1.

[28]      Submission 13, p. 9.

[29]      Response to questions on notice, provided on 24 September 2012, p. 2.

[30]      Response to questions on notice, provided on 24 September 2012, p. 3.

[31]      Air Commodore Paul Cronan AM, Department of Defence, Committee Hansard, 14 September 2012, p. 52 (referring to subsection 22(1) of the Family Law Act 1975).

[32]      Committee Hansard, 14 September 2012, p. 13.

[33]      Submission 11, p. 11.

[34]      Committee Hansard, 14 September 2012, p. 25.

[35]      Committee Hansard, 14 September 2012, p. 51.

[36]      Committee Hansard, 14 September 2012, p. 24.

[37]      Submission 15, p. 2.

[38]      EM, Military Court Bill, p. 13.

[39]      EM, Consequential Amendment Bill, p. 94.

[40]      Ms Margaret Meibusch, Attorney-General's Department, Committee Hansard, 14 September 2012, p. 44; Mr David Fredericks, Attorney-General's Department, Committee Hansard, 14 September 2012, p. 46.

[41]      Submission 13, p. 9.

[42]      Submission 13, pp 9-10.

[43]      Committee Hansard, 14 September 2012, p. 8.

[44]      Committee Hansard, 14 September 2012, pp 44, 51-52.

[45]      Submission 13, pp 11-12.

[46]      Response to questions on notice, provided on 24 September 2012, pp 7-8.

[47]      Previously a section existed within the Defence Force Discipline Act which attempted to oust the jurisdiction of a civilian court where an accused had been tried for an offence under the military justice system. This was found by the High Court to be unconstitutional in Re Tracey; Ex parte Ryan (1989) 166 CLR 518; see also, Ms Gabrielle Appleby and Professor John Williams, Submission 3, p. 3; Air Commodore Paul Cronan AM, Department of Defence, Committee Hansard, 14 September 2012, p. 53.

[48]      EM, Consequential Amendments Bill, p. 4-5. 

[49]      Submission 4, Attachment 1, p. 3.

[50]      Submission 3, p. 2, citing Re Tracey; Ex parte Ryan (1989) 166 CLR 518.

[51]      Submission 3, p. 4.

[52]      Submission 3, p. 5.

[53]      Committee Hansard, 14 September 2012, p. 31.

[54]      Response to questions on notice, provided 24 September 2012, p. 3.

[55]      Response to questions on notice, provided on 24 September 2012, p. 2.

[56]      Response to questions on notice, provided on 24 September 2012, p. 3. See also,
Attorney-General's Department, response to questions on notice, provided on 24 September 2012, p. 3.

[57]      EM, Consequential Amendments Bill, p. 2.

[58]      Submission 9, p. 2.

[59]      Committee Hansard, 14 September 2012, p. 33.

[60]      Submission 8, p. 2.

[61]      Submission 4, Attachment 1, pp 2-3; also see Mr Paul Willee QC, Law Council of Australia, Committee Hansard, 14 September 2012, p. 12.

[62]      Submission 5, pp 11, 15.

[63]      Submission 5, p. 11.

[64]      Submission 6, p. 4.

[65]      Submission 2, p. 8.

[66]      Response to questions on notice, provided on 19 September 2012, p. 1.

[67]      Response to questions on notice, provided on 19 September 2012, p. 1.

[68]      Air Commodore Paul Cronan AM, Department of Defence, Committee Hansard, 14 September 2012, p. 47.

[69]      Response to question on notice, provided on 24 September 2012, p. 7.

[70]      Response to questions on notice, provided on 24 September 2012, p. 5.

[71]      EM, Military Court Bill, p. 50.

[72]      Submission 2, p. 12.

[73]      Submission 2, p. 10.

[74]      Submission 2, p. 11.

[75]      Response to questions on notice, provided on 24 September 2012, p. 4.

[76]      Response to questions on notice, provided on 24 September 2012, pp 3-4.

[77]      Submission 4, p. 1.

[78]      Submission 4, Attachment 1, p. 4.

[79]      Submission 2, p. 11.

[80]      Response to questions on notice, provided on 24 September 2012, p. 1.

[81]      Response to questions on notice, provided on 24 September 2012, p. 1.

[82]      Submission 2, pp 12-13.

[83]      EM, Military Court Bill, p. 47.

[84]      Submission 15, p. 4, referring to subclauses 105(3) and 105(4) of the Military Court Bill.

CHAPTER 4 - Trial by jury

[1]        See, for example, Mr Alexander Street SC, Submission 2, p. 3; Ms Gabrielle Appleby and Professor John Williams, Submission 3, pp 4-5; Law Council of Australia, Submission 4, p. 2; Returned and Services League, Submission 5, p. 1; Associate Professor Alison Duxbury, Dr Rain Liivoja and Associate Professor Matthew Groves, Submission 6, pp 4-5; Inspector General Australian Defence Force, Submission 8, pp 1-2.

[2]        See Associate Professor Alison Duxbury, Dr Rain Liivoja and Associate Professor Matthew Groves, Submission 6, p. 4; Law Council of Australia, Submission 4, Attachment 1, p. 2; Returned and Services League of Australia, Submission 5, p. 1.

[3]        House of Representatives Hansard, 21 June 2012, p. 7414.

[4]        House of Representatives Hansard, 21 June 2012, p. 7414.

[5]        (1928) 41 CLR 128.

[6]        (1928) 41 CLR 128 at 139.

[7]        (2007) 231 CLR 570.

[8]        Submission 6, p. 4.

[9]        See Associate Professor Alison Duxbury, Dr Rain Liivoja and Associate Professor Matthew Groves, Submission 6, p. 5; Returned and Services League of Australia, Submission 5, p. 7, quoting Justice Kirby in White v Director of Military Prosecutions (2007) HCA 29 at 167; Mr Alexander Street SC, Submission 2, Appendix 1, pp 14-21.

[10]      Submission 2, Appendix 1, pp 14-21.

[11]      Submission 2, p. 7.

[12]      Submission 2, p. 7.

[13]      Committee Hansard, 14 September 2012, p. 16.

[14]      Submission 6, p. 5.

[15]      Submission 6, p. 5. See also: Mr Alexander Street SC, Submission 2, p. 4; Returned and Services League of Australia, Submission 5, p. 16.

[16]      Committee Hansard, 14 September 2012, p. 22.

[17]      Dr Albin Smrdel, Attorney-General's Department, Committee Hansard, 14 September 2012, p. 41.

[18]      EM, Military Court Bill, p. 29.

[19]      Submission 4, p. 2.

[20]      Submission 13, p. 7.

[21]      Submission 11, p. 3.

[22]      Submission 5, p. 5.

[23]      Submission 5, p. 6.

[24]      Committee Hansard, 14 September 2012, p. 16.

[25]      Committee Hansard, 14 September 2012, p. 17.

[26]      Committee Hansard, 14 September 2012, p. 18.

[27]      Response to questions on notice, provided on 24 September 2012, pp 1-2.

[28]      Submission 15, p. 1.

[29]      Response to questions on notice, provided on 24 September 2012, p. 2.

[30]      EM, Military Court Bill, p. 2. See Ms Gabrielle Appleby and Professor John Williams, Submission 3, pp 4-5; Associate Professor Alison Duxbury, Dr Rain Liivoja, Associate Professor Matthew Groves, Submission 6, pp 2-3.

[31]      Submission 3, p. 5. See also: Professor John Williams, Committee Hansard, 14 September 2012, pp 21-22; Returned and Services League of Australia, Submission 5, p. 17.

[32]      Submission 2, pp 8-9.

[33]      Submission 5, p. 17.

[34]      Committee Hansard, 14 September 2012, pp 23-24.

[35]      Submission 11, p. 8.

[36]      Submission 11, p. 10.

[37]      Committee Hansard, 14 September 2012, p. 21.

[38]      Committee Hansard, 14 September 2012, p. 40.

[39]      Committee Hansard, 14 September 2012, p. 40.

[40]      Air Commodore Paul Cronan AM, Department of Defence, Committee Hansard, 14 September 2012, p. 51.

[41]      EM, Military Court Bill, p. 29.

[42]      Submission 4, p. 2.

[43]      Submission 12, p. 2.

[44]      Submission 12, p. 2.

[45]      For example, see Mr Paul Willee QC, Law Council of Australia, Committee Hansard, 14 September 2012, p. 11.

[46]      Committee Hansard, 14 September 2012, p. 5.

[47]      Response to questions on notice, provided on 24 September 2012, p. 1.

[48]      Committee Hansard, 14 September 2012, p. 25.

[49]      Submission 11, pp 3-5.

[50]      Submission 11, p. 3.

[51]      Committee Hansard, 14 September 2012, p. 31.

[52]      Submission 11, p. 11.

[53]      Submission 11, p. 13.

[54]      Submission 13, p. 8.

[55]      Committee Hansard, 14 September 2012, p. 41. See also: Mr David Fredericks,
Attorney-General's Department, Committee Hansard, 14 September 2012, p. 39.

[56]      Air Commodore Paul Cronan AM, Department of Defence, Committee Hansard, 14 September 2012, p. 50.

[57]      Mr Geoff Earley AM, Inspector General Australian Defence Force, Committee Hansard, 14 September 2012, p. 33.

[58]      Response to questions on notice, provided on 24 September 2012, p. 2.

[59]      Submission 14, p. 2.

[60]      Submission 14, p. 3.

[61]      Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade References Committee, The effectiveness of Australia's military justice system, June 2005, p. 101.

[62]      Section 3, Defence Force Discipline Act.

DISSENTING REPORT BY LIBERAL SENATORS

[1]        Mr Alan Abadee, Returned and Services League, Committee Hansard, 14 September 2012, p. 2. 

[2]        Mr Neil James, Australia Defence Association, Committee Hansard, 14 September 2012, p. 3.

[3]        Submission 2, pp 14-21.

[4]        Submission 2, p. 9.

[5]        Mr Paul Willee QC, Chairman, Military Law Working Group, Law Council of Australia, Committee Hansard, 14 September 2012, p. 15.

[6]        Mr Neil James, Australia Defence Association, Committee Hansard, 14 September 2012, p. 5.

[7]        Ms Margaret Meibusch, Attorney-General's Department, Committee Hansard, 14 September 2012, p. 44; Mr David Fredericks, Attorney-General's Department, Committee Hansard, 14 September 2012, p. 46.

[8]        Ms Margaret Meibusch, Attorney-General's Department, Committee Hansard, 14 September 2012, p. 44; Mr David Fredericks, Attorney-General's Department, Committee Hansard, 14 September 2012, p. 46.

[9]        Attorney-General's Department, response to question on notice, provided on 26 September 2012, p. 1.

[10]      Submission 13, p. 10.

ADDITIONAL COMMENTS BY THE AUSTRALIAN GREENS

[1]        Committee Hansard, 14 September 2012, p. 16.

[2]        Ms Gabrielle Appleby and Professor John Williams, Submission 3, p. 5.

[3]        Submission 6, p. 2.

[4]        Submission 6, p. 2.

[5]        For example, Australia Defence Association, Submission 13, p. 6 and Ms Gabrielle Appleby and Professor John Williams, Submission 3, p. 4.

[6]        Submission 11, p. 3.