Footnotes

Chapter 1 - Introduction

[1]        EM, p. 1.

[2]        p. 1.

[3]        Senator the Hon. Sandy Macdonald, Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Defence, Second Reading Speech, Senate Hansard, 14 September 2006, p. 9.

[4]        Council of Australian Governments (COAG) communiqué, 14 July 2006, p. 12.

[5]        Senator the Hon. Sandy Macdonald, Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Defence, Second Reading Speech, Senate Hansard, 14 September 2006, p. 9.

[6]        See further the Hon Mal Brough MP, Minister for Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Media Release, Intergovernmental Summit on Violence and Child Abuse in Indigenous Communities, 'Communiqué: Safer Kids, Safer Communities', 26 June 2006 at: http://www.atsia.gov.au/Media/media06/4606_attach.aspx (accessed 19 September 2006).

[7]        EM, p. 1.

[8]        Senator the Hon. Sandy Macdonald, Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Defence, Second Reading Speech, Senate Hansard, 14 September 2006, p. 9.

[9]        Senator the Hon. Sandy Macdonald, Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Defence, Second Reading Speech, Senate Hansard, 14 September 2006, p. 9.

Chapter 2 - Overview of the Bill

[1]        pp. 2-3.

[2]        p. 3.

[3]        p. 3.

[4]        EM, p. 3.

[5]        p. 3.

[6]        p. 3.

Chapter 3 - Key Issues

[1]        HREOC, Submission 5, p. 2; Catholic Social Services Australia, Submission 8, p. 4; North Australian Aboriginal Justice Agency, Submission 12, p. 1.

[2]        Submission 5, p. 2.

[3]        Submission 12, p. 1.

[4]        Committee Hansard, 29 September 2006, pp 32 & 39-40.

[5]        Committee Hansard, 29 September 2006, p. 32.

[6]        Committee Hansard, 29 September 2006, pp 2 & 5.

[7]        Committee Hansard, 29 September 2006, p. 11.

[8]        Committee Hansard, 29 September 2006, p. 25.

[9]        Law Council of Australia, Submission 3, p. 3.

[10]      Committee Hansard, 29 September 2006, p. 25.

[11]      Committee Hansard, 29 September 2006, p. 25.

[12]      Committee Hansard, 29 September 2006, p. 15.

[13]      For example, see Law Council of Australia, Submission 3, p. 3.

[14]      Committee Hansard, 29 September 2006, p. 15.

[15]      Submission 8, p. 4.

[16]      Submission 2, p. 4.

[17]      Committee Hansard, 29 September 2006, p. 3.

[18]      Social Justice Commissioner, HREOC, Committee Hansard, 29 September 2006, p. 3.

[19]      Submission 3, p. 2.

[20]      Submission 3, p. 2.

[21]      Committee Hansard, 29 September 2006, p. 20.

[22]      Committee Hansard, 29 September 2006, p. 19.

[23]      Committee Hansard, 29 September 2006, p. 20.

[24]      Submission 6, pp 1-2.

[25]      Submission 9, p. 1.

[26]      Committee Hansard, 29 September 2006, p. 37.

[27]      Committee Hansard, 29 September 2006, p. 44.

[28]      Committee Hansard, 29 September 2006, p. 2.

[29]      Committee Hansard, 29 September 2006, p. 5.

[30]      Committee Hansard, 29 September 2006, p. 7.

[31]      Submission 2, p. 7.

[32]      Submission 2, p. 5.

[33]      Submission 8, p. 12.

[34]      Committee Hansard, 29 September 2006, p. 37.

[35]      Committee Hansard, 29 September 2006, p. 37.

[36]      Committee Hansard, 29 September 2006, p. 33.

[37]      Senator the Hon. Chris Ellison, Minister for Justice and Customs, Media Release, Central location for Indigenous Task Force, 5 October 2006 at: http://www.ag.gov.au/agd/WWW/justiceministerHome.nsf/Page/Media_Releases_2006_3rd_Quarter_5_October_2006_-_Central_location_for_Indigenous_Task_Force (accessed 6 October 2006).

[38]      Committee Hansard, 29 September 2006, p. 11.

[39]      Submission 3, p. 3.

[40]      Submission 3, p. 3.

[41]      In responding to a question on notice from the committee, the Law Council provided the committee with a number of examples of cases in which a non-Indigenous offender's cultural origins, customary laws or cultural practices have been considered relevant in the sentencing processes. Most commonly, the cultural background of an offender has been raised as relevant to the plea of provocation, as a partial or total defence to a charge of murder, manslaughter or assault. In all cases, the Law Council noted that the court only gave weight to the cultural background of the offenders when appropriate, having regard to all relevant facts: see further Submission 3A.

[42]      Committee Hansard, 29 September 2006, p. 2.

[43]      Committee Hansard, 29 September 2006, pp 4 & 7.

[44]      Submission 6, p. 4.

[45]      Committee Hansard, 29 September 2006, p. 20.

[46]      Committee Hansard, 29 September 2006, pp 41-42.

[47]      Submission 5, p. 2.

[48]      Submission 1, p. 10.

[49]      See further: Senate Standing Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs, Crimes and Other Legislation Amendment Bill 1994, September 1994.

[50]      Committee Hansard, 29 September 2006, p. 19.

[51]      Submission 3, p. 8.

[52]      Submission 3, p. 9.

[53]      Committee Hansard, 29 September 2006, p. 3.

[54]      Committee Hansard, 29 September 2006, p. 30.

[55]      Committee Hansard, 29 September 2006, p. 30.

[56]      Submission 5A, p. 2.

[57]      Submission 5A, pp 2-3.

[58]      Committee Hansard, 29 September 2006, p. 35.

[59]      Committee Hansard, 29 September 2006, p. 38.

[60]      Committee Hansard, 29 September 2006, p. 39.

[61]      Submission 8, p. 7.

[62]      Catholic Social Services Australia, Submission 8, p. 9.

[63]      Submission 10, p. 4.

[64]      ALRC, Submission 1, pp 9-10. For example, the Aboriginal Legal Service (NSW/ACT) provided the committee with a useful analysis of the NSW case of R v Fernando (1992) 76 A Crim R 58, which laid down a set of principles relating to express consideration of Aboriginal disadvantage in the sentencing of Aboriginal defendants: see Submission10, pp 1-4.

[65]      Committee Hansard, 29 September 2006, p. 2.

[66]      See, for example, ALRC, Submission 1, p. 10; Social Justice Commissioner, HREOC, Committee Hansard, 29 September 2006, p. 4.

[67]      Committee Hansard, 29 September 2006, p. 6.

[68]      ALRC, Submission 1, p. 10.

[69]      Submission 3, p. 2.

[70]      Committee Hansard, 29 September 2006, p. 29.

[71]      Committee Hansard, 29 September 2006, p. 27.

[72]      Committee Hansard, 29 September 2006, p. 38.

[73]      Committee Hansard, 29 September 2006, p. 38.

[74]      Committee Hansard, 29 September 2006, p. 40.

[75]      Submission 2, p. 3.

[76]      Submission 2, p. 3.

[77]      Committee Hansard, 29 September 2006, pp 8-9.

[78]      Submission 7, pp 1-2.

[79]      Submission 7, p. 2.

[80]      Committee Hansard, 29 September 2006, pp 15-16.

[81]      Submission 5, p. 5.

[82]      Committee Hansard, 29 September 2006, p. 2.     

[83]      Submission 3, p. 7.

[84]      Submission 5, p. 6.

[85]      Committee Hansard, 29 September 2006, p. 27.

[86]      Committee Hansard, 29 September 2006, p. 27.

[87]      Committee Hansard, 29 September 2006, p. 43.

[88]      Committee Hansard, 29 September 2006, p. 34.

[89]      However, in this context, the committee notes correspondence it received from the Queensland Department of the Premier and Cabinet on 5 October 2006, informing the committee that the Queensland Government has concerns regarding the content of the Bill and that the Premier will be writing to the Prime Minister accordingly.

[90]      Submission 1A, p. 1.

[91]      In a response to a question on notice, the Department advised that bilateral negotiations on the COAG Indigenous outcomes have been held with South Australia (9 August 2006), Western Australia (16 August 2006), New South Wales (8 September 2006), and the Northern Territory (4 October 2006), with all jurisdictions being encouraged to follow the Federal Government's lead on the issue: Submission 11A, answer to Question No. 2.

[92]      Multiculturalism and the Law, ALRC 57, 1992, p. 173.

[93]      Multiculturalism and the Law, ALRC 57, 1992, pp 169-170.

Dissenting Report by the Australian Labor Party

[1]        Committee Hansard, 29 September 2006, p. 36.

[2]        Committee Hansard, 29 September 2006, p. 40.