Footnotes

Chapter 1 - Introduction

[1]        House of Representatives, Votes and Proceedings, No. 76—23 October 2014, p. 913.

[2]        Journals of the Senate, No. 63—30 October 2014, pp. 1689-1691.

[3]        Mr Fletcher, Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Communications, House of Representatives Hansard, 23 October 2014, p. 1.

[4]        Mr Fletcher, Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Communications, House of Representatives Hansard, 23 October 2014, p. 1.

[5]        Explanatory Memorandum, p1.

[6]        Senate Standing Committee for the Scrutiny of Bills, Alert Digest No. 15 of 2014, 19 November 2014, pp. 6-18.

Chapter 2 - The proposed changes

[1]        Mr Fletcher, Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Communications, House of Representatives Hansard, 23 October 2014, pp. 1-2.

[2]        Australian Citizenship Act 2007, subsections 19C(2)(g), 21(6)(d), 29(2)(b), & 29(3)(b).

[3]        Explanatory Memorandum, pp. 17, 22, 27, 28, 47.

[4]        Explanatory Memorandum, p. 15.

[5]        Australian Citizenship Act 2007, section 17.

[6]        Australian Citizenship Act 2007, section 19D.

[7]        Australian Citizenship Act 2007, section 24.

[8]        Australian Citizenship Act 2007, section 30.

[9]        See Australian Citizenship Act 2007, subsections 17(3)-17(4B), 19D(4)-19D(7A), 24(3)-24(4D), 30(3)-30(6).

[10]      Australian Citizenship Act 2007, subsection 24(6).

[11]      'Serious prison sentence' is defined in section 3 of the Australian Citizenship Act to mean a sentence of imprisonment for a period of at least 12 months.

[12]      'Serious repeat offender' is defined in section 3 of the Australian Citizenship Act as follows:

"serious repeat offender": a person is a serious repeat offender in relation to a serious prison sentence if the sentence was imposed on the person for an offence committed by the person at a time after the person ceased to be confined in prison because of the imposition of another serious prison sentence.

[13]      Subsection (f) has been updated insofar as it relates to citizenship by conferral. At present, it requires that the person be released upon the giving of a security but, as the Explanatory Memorandum notes, courts may release persons on condition without requiring the giving of a security: Explanatory Memorandum, p. 39.

[14]      Subsection (g) has been updated insofar as it relates to citizenship by conferral. At present, it requires that the person be released upon the giving of a security but, as the Explanatory Memorandum notes, courts may release persons on condition without requiring the giving of a security: Explanatory Memorandum, p. 39.

[15]      Subsection (i) does not currently exist in relation to citizenship by conferral.

[16]      Subsection (j) does not currently exist in relation to citizenship by conferral.

[17]      Explanatory Memorandum, pp. 17, 22, 49.

[18]      Australian Citizenship Act 2007, section 19G.

[19]      Explanatory Memorandum, p. 45.

[20]      Australian Citizenship Act 2007, section 34.

[21]      Australian Citizenship Act 2007, section 34A.

[22]      Australian Citizenship Act 2007, section 36.

[23]      Explanatory Memorandum, p. 55.

[24]      Explanatory Memorandum, p. 56.

[25]      Mr Fletcher, Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Communications, House of Representatives Hansard, 23 October 2014, p. 2.

[26]      Mr Fletcher, Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Communications, House of Representatives Hansard, 23 October 2014, pp. 2-3.

[27]      Section 3 of the Australian Citizenship Act 2007 defines 'ordinarily resident' as follows:

"ordinarily resident" : a person is taken to be ordinarily resident in a country if and only if:

(a)  he or she has his or her home in that country; or

(b)  that country is the country of his or her permanent abode even if he or she is temporarily absent from that country.

However, the person is taken not to be so resident if he or she resides in that country for a special or temporary purpose only.

[28]      Australian Citizenship Act 2007, subsection 12(2).

[29]      The Bill, Schedule 1, Item 12 (proposed subsection 12(4)).

[30]      Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Letter received as additional information, 14 November 2014, p. 1.

[31]      The Bill, Schedule 1, Item 12 (proposed subsection 12(5)).

[32]      The Bill, Schedule 1, Item 12 (proposed subsection 12(6)).

[33]      Item 7 would insert a definition of 'substantive visa' into the Australian Citizenship Act. That phrase would mean the same as it does in the Migration Act (that is, a visa other than a bridging visa, a criminal justice visa or an enforcement visa): see section 5.

[34]      The Bill, Schedule 1, Item 12 (proposed subsection 12(7)).

[35]      The Bill, Schedule 1, Item 12 (proposed subsection 12(3)).

[36]      Explanatory Memorandum, p. 12.

[37]      Explanatory Memorandum, p. 12.

[38]      Migration Act 1958, section 5F.

[39]      Migration Act 1958, section 5CB.

[40]      Explanatory Memorandum, p. 8.

[41]      Migration Act 1958, subsections 5CB(3) & 5F(3).

[42]      Migration Regulations 1994, regulations 1.09A & 1.15A.

[43]      Australian Citizenship Act 2007, subsections 21(2)(c), 21(3)(c) & 21(4)(d).

[44]      Australian Citizenship Act 2007, subsection 22(1).

[45]      For example, a person will be deemed to have been in Australia for the four years prior to the making of the application for citizenship if the total period of their absence or absences was less than 12 months: Australian Citizenship Act 2007, subsection 22(1A). On the other hand, a person is not taken to have been in Australia for the four years before the making of the application if they were in prison at any time during that four years: Australian Citizenship Act 2007, subsection 22(1C)(a).

[46]      Explanatory Memorandum, p. 28.

[47]      Explanatory Memorandum, p. 29.

[48]      Explanatory Memorandum, p. 29.

[49]      Explanatory Memorandum, p. 31.

[50]      The Bill, Schedule 1, Items 38 & 40.

[51]      Mr Fletcher, Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Communications, House of Representatives Hansard, 23 October 2014, p. 3.

[52]      Explanatory Memorandum, pp. 14-15.

[53]      Explanatory Memorandum, p. 26.

[54]      Mr Fletcher, Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Communications, House of Representatives Hansard, 23 October 2014, p. 3.

[55]      Mr Fletcher, Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Communications, House of Representatives Hansard, 23 October 2014, pp. 3-4.

[56]      Mr Fletcher, Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Communications, House of Representatives Hansard, 23 October 2014, p. 3.

[57]      Explanatory Memorandum, p. 61.

[58]      Ms Frances Finney, First Assistant Secretary, Migrations and Citizenship Policy Group, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Committee Hansard, 19 November 2014, p. 6.

[59]      Explanatory Memorandum, p. 62.

[60]      Mr Fletcher, Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Communications, House of Representatives Hansard, 23 October 2014, p. 4.

[61]      Mr Fletcher, Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Communications, House of Representatives Hansard, 23 October 2014, p. 3.

[62]      Explanatory Memorandum, pp. 65, 68.

Chapter 3 - Key issues

[1]        Asylum Seeker Resource Centre, Submission 1, p. 2; Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission 4, p. 3.

[2]        Associate Professor Alexander Reilly, Director, Public Law and Policy Research Unit, University of Adelaide, Committee Hansard, 10 November 2014, p. 1.

[3]        Asylum Seeker Resource Centre, Submission 1, p. 2.

[4]        Asylum Seeker Resource Centre, Submission 1, p. 2.

[5]        Asylum Seeker Resource Centre, Submission 1, p. 2; Professor Kim Rubenstein, Submission 2, p. 1; Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission 4, p. 3; UNICEF Australia, Submission 8, p. 1; Ethnic Communities Council of Western Australia, Submission 11, p. 1; Law Council of Australia, Submission 12, p. 1.

[6]        Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission 4, p. 3. See also Law Council of Australia, Submission 12, p. 1.

[7]        Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission 4, p. 5; Law Council of Australia, Submission 12, p. 1.

[8]        Mr Garry Fleming, First Assistant Secretary, Migrations and Citizenship Policy Group, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Committee Hansard, 10 November 2014, p. 25.

[9]        Mr Garry Fleming, First Assistant Secretary, Migrations and Citizenship Policy Group, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Committee Hansard, 19 November 2014, p. 3.

[10]      UNICEF Australia, Submission 8, p. 2. See also Associate Professor Alexander Reilly, Submission 6, p. 3; Law Council of Australia, Submission 12, pp. 3-4.

[11]      Law Council of Australia, Submission 12, p. 3.

[12]      Law Council of Australia, Submission 12, p. 4.

[13]      Law Council of Australia, Submission 12, p. 4.

[14]      Department of Immigration and Border Protection, p. 6.

[15]      Migration Institute of Australia, Submission 14, p. 4.

[16]      Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission 4, p. 17.

[17]      Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission 4, p. 18. See also Ethnic Communities Council of Western Australia, Submission 11, p. 1.

[18]      Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission 4, p. 6.

[19]      Refugee Council of Australia, Submission 13, p. 2.

[20]      Refugee Council of Australia, Submission 13, pp. 2-3.

[21]      Senate Standing Committee for the Scrutiny of Bills, Alert Digest No. 15 of 2014, 19 November 2014, pp. 6-9.

[22]      Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Submission 3, p. 5.

[23]      Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Letter received as additional information, 14 November 2014, p. 5.

[24]      Mr Garry Fleming, First Assistant Secretary, Migrations and Citizenship Policy Group, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Committee Hansard, 19 November 2014, p. 4.

[25]      Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission 4, p. 7. See also Law Council of Australia, Submission 12, p. 2; Migration Institute of Australia, Submission 14, p. 4.

[26]      Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Submission 3, p. 5.

[27]      See paragraphs 3.48 to 3.51 below.

[28]      Ms Frances Finney, First Assistant Secretary, Migrations and Citizenship Policy Group, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Committee Hansard, 19 November 2014, p. 6.

[29]      Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission 4, p. 6.

[30]      Migration Institute of Australia, Submission 14, p. 4.

[31]      Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission 4, pp. 7-8. See also Law Council of Australia, Submission 12, p. 3; Refugee Council of Australia, Submission 13, p. 3.

[32]      Refugee Council of Australia, Submission 13, pp. 2-3.

[33]      Mr Garry Fleming, First Assistant Secretary, Migrations and Citizenship Policy Group, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Committee Hansard, 10 November 2014, p. 28.

[34]      DIBP, Answers to questions taken on notice, received 26 November 2014, p. 5. 

[35]      The draft policy guidance states that adverse information that may lead to revocation of a person's citizenship under section 34AA should be put to the person at interview or in writing in a "natural justice letter".

[36]      DIBP, Answers to questions taken on notice, received 26 November 2014, p. 10. 

[37]      DIBP, Answers to questions taken on notice, received 26 November 2014, p. 8. 

[38]      Professor Kim Rubenstein, Submission 2, p. 1. See also Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission 4, p. 14; Multicultural Development Association, Submission 5, p. 2; Refugee Council of Australia, Submission 13, p. 2.

[39]      Associate Professor Alexander Reilly, Submission 6, p. 3. See also Refugee Council of Australia, Submission 13, p. 2.

[40]      Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission 4, p. 13.

[41]      Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission 4, p. 14.

[42]      Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission 4, p. 16.

[43]      Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Submission 3, p. 13.

[44]      Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Submission 3, p. 13.

[45]      Refugee Council of Australia, Submission 13, p. 2.

[46]      Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Submission 3, p. 14.

[47]      Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Submission 3, p. 14.

[48]      Associate Professor Alexander Reilly, Submission 6, pp. 3-4, citing Singh v Commonwealth (2004) 222 CLR 322.

[49]      Associate Professor Alexander Reilly, Director, Public Law and Policy Research Unit, University of Adelaide, Committee Hansard, 10 November 2014, p. 2.

[50]      Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Submission 3, p. 4.

[51]      Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Letter received as additional information, 14 November 2014, p. 2, citing Koroitamana v Commonwealth (2006) 227 CLR 31.

[52]      Asylum Seeker Resource Centre, Submission 1, p. 3; UNICEF Australia, Submission 8, p.3; Law Council of Australia, Submission 12, p. 5.

[53]      Law Council of Australia, Submission 12, p. 5.

[54]      Refugee Council of Australia, Submission 13, p. 4.

[55]      Professor Jane McAdam, Submission 9, p. 1.

[56]      Senate Standing Committee for the Scrutiny of Bills, Alert Digest No. 15 of 2014, 19 November 2014, pp. 9-15.

[57]      Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission 4, p. 11.

[58]      Associate Professor Alexander Reilly, Submission 6, p. 5.

[59]      Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Submission 3, p. 18.

[60]      Refugee Council of Australia, Submission 13, p. 4.

[61]      Asylum Seeker Resource Centre, Submission 1, p. 3.

[62]      Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission 4, pp. 4, 8-9.

[63]      Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Submission 3, p. 19, quoting Visa Cancellation Applicant and Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2011] AATA 690.

[64]      Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Submission 3, pp. 19-20.

[65]      Australian Privacy Commissioner, Submission 7, p. 1.

[66]      Australian Privacy Commissioner, Submission 7, p. 1.

[67]      Australian Privacy Commissioner, Submission 7, pp. 2-3.

[68]      Associate Professor Alexander Reilly, Director, Public Law and Policy Research Unit, University of Adelaide, Committee Hansard, 10 November 2014, pp. 2-4.

[69]      DIBP, Additional information, 14 November 2014, p. 3.

[70]      DIBP, Answers to questions taken on notice, received 26 November 2014, Attachment A.

[71]      Australian Human Rights Commission, Supplementary Submission, Submission 4.

[72]      DIBP, Additional information, 14 November 2014, p. 5 and Answers to questions taken on notice, received 26 November 2014, p. 8. 

Dissenting Report by Australian Labor Senators

[1]        Law Council of Australia, Submission 12, p. 2.

[2]        Law Council of Australia, Submission 12, p. 2.

[3]        Refugee Council of Australia, Submission 13, p. 2.

Dissenting Report of the Australian Greens

[1]        Professor Jane McAdam, Andrew and Renata Kaldor Centre for International Refugee Law, UNSW Australia, Submission 9.

[2]        Ibid.

[3]        Asylum Seeker Resource Centre, Submission 1, p. 3.

[4]        Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission 4, p. 6.

[5]        UNICEF Australia, Submission 8, p. 2.

[6]        Adelaide University Public Law and Policy Research Unit, Submission 6, p. 3.

[7]        Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission 4, p. 7.

[8]        Asylum Seeker Resource Centre, Submission 1, p. 5.