Footnotes

Chair's Minority Report - Chapter 1 – Introduction

[1]        Senate, Journals of the Senate, No. 37‑26 June 2014, pp 1021‑1022.

Chapter 2 - Background

[1]        United Nations Security Council (UNSC), Resolution 661 (1990) adopted by the Security Council at its 2933rd meeting on 6 August 1990, S/RES/661 (1990), http://www.refworld.org/docid/3b00f16b24.html (accessed 3 February 2014).

[2]        UNSC, Resolution 986 (1995) on authorization to permit the import of petroleum and petroleum products originating in Iraq, as a temporary measure to provide for humanitarian needs of the Iraqi people, adopted by the Security Council at its 3519th meeting on 14 April 1995, S/RES/986 (1995), http://www.refworld.org/docid/3b00f19a18.html (accessed 3 February 2014).

[3]        UNSC, Security Council Resolution 1538 (2004) on investigation of allegations on efforts by individuals and entities dealing with Iraq's funds or other financial assets, adopted by the Security Council at its 4946th meeting on 21 April 2004, S/RES/1538 (2004), http://www.refworld.org/docid/41133dd04.html (accessed 3 February 2014).

[4]        Independent Inquiry Committee into the United Nations Oil-for-Food Programme, Final Report on Manipulation of the Oil-for-Food Programme by the Iraqi Regime, 27 October 2005, p. 1.

[5]        AWB Ltd was originally a government body known as the Australian Wheat Board. On 1 July 1999 AWB Ltd was incorporated as a private company, owned by wheat growers. AWB Ltd exported wheat through its subsidiary company, AWB (International) Ltd. In 2010, AWB Ltd was acquired by the Canadian firm Agrium.

[6]        Independent Inquiry Committee into the United Nations Oil-for-Food Programme, Final Report on Manipulation of the Oil-for-Food Programme by the Iraqi Regime, 27 October 2005, Table 6: Humanitarian goods purchased by the Government of Iraq, by supplier, pp 17, 26, 54.

[7]        Letters Patent for the inquiry into certain Australian companies in relation to the UN Oil‑for‑Food Programme, 10 November 2005, http://www.oilforfoodinquiry.gov.au/agd/WWW/unoilforfoodinquiry.nsf/Page/RWPC89DEC8DAC097623CA25710E00000E93.html (accessed 12 September 2014).

[8]        Letters Patent for the inquiry into certain Australian companies in relation to the UN Oil‑for‑Food Programme, 6 February 2006, http://www.oilforfoodinquiry.gov.au/agd/WWW/unoilforfoodinquiry.nsf/Page/RWPB2287CBF6BA4C569CA25710E00011CDF.html (accessed 12 September 2014).

[9]        Commissioner Terence Cole, Report of the Inquiry into certain Australian companies in relation to the UN Oil-for-Food Programme, 24 November 2006, Attorney-General's Department (Australia), vol. 1, pp xiv, xvii, xx, http://www.oilforfoodinquiry.gov.au/agd/WWW/unoilforfoodinquiry.nsf/Page/Report.html (accessed 30 January 2015).

[10]      Commissioner Terence Cole, Report of the Inquiry into certain Australian companies in relation to the UN Oil-for-Food Programme, 24 November 2006, Attorney-General's Department (Australia), vol. 1, p. lxxxi.

[11]      Commissioner Terence Cole, Report of the Inquiry into certain Australian companies in relation to the UN Oil-for-Food Programme, 24 November 2006, Attorney-General's Department (Australia), vol. 1, p. lxxxii.

[12]      Commissioner Terence Cole, Report of the Inquiry into certain Australian companies in relation to the UN Oil-for-Food Programme, 24 November 2006, Attorney-General's Department (Australia), vol. 1, p. lxxxii.

[13]      Commissioner Terence Cole, Report of the Inquiry into certain Australian companies in relation to the UN Oil-for-Food Programme, 24 November 2006, Attorney-General's Department (Australia), vol. 1, pp lxxxiii‑lxxxv.

[14]      Australian Government, 'Australian Government response to the Report of the Inquiry into Certain Australian Companies in relation to the UN Oil-for-Food Programme' reproduced in Appendix 1 to the Senate Standing Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs, Inquiry into International Trade Integrity Bill 2007 [Provisions], August 2007, p. 21, https://www.aph.gov.au/~/media/wopapub/senate/committee/legcon_ctte/completed_inquiries/2004_07/international_trade/report/report_pdf.ashx (accessed 15 September 2014).

[15]      Senate Standing Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs, Inquiry into International Trade Integrity Bill 2007 [Provisions], August 2007, pp 1‑2, https://www.aph.gov.au/~/media/wopapub/senate/committee/legcon_ctte/completed_inquiries/2004_07/international_trade/report/report_pdf.ashx (accessed 15 September 2014). See further OECD, Directorate for Financial and Enterprise Affairs, Australia: Phase 2, Report on the Application of the Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions and the 1997 Recommendation on Combating Bribery in International Business Transactions, approved and adopted by the Working Group on Bribery in International Business Transactions on 4 January 2006, http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/57/42/35937659.pdf (accessed 15 September 2014).

[16]      Senate Standing Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs, Inquiry into International Trade Integrity Bill 2007 [Provisions], August 2007, pp 2, 5 and 9.

[17]      Senate Standing Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs, Inquiry into International Trade Integrity Bill 2007 [Provisions], August 2007, p. 5.

[18]      Senate Standing Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs, Inquiry into International Trade Integrity Bill 2007 [Provisions], August 2007, pp 11‑12.

[19]      See ALRC, Privilege in Perspective: Client Legal Privilege in Federal Investigations (ALRC Report 107), February 2008, http://www.alrc.gov.au/report-107 (accessed 15 February 2014, last modified on 22 June 2012).

[20]      ALRC Report 107, February 2008, http://www.alrc.gov.au/report-107 (accessed 15 February 2014, last modified on 22 June 2012).

[21]      Australian Government, 'Australian Government response to the Report of the Inquiry into Certain Australian Companies in relation to the UN Oil-for-Food Programme' reproduced in Appendix 1 to the Senate Standing Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs, Inquiry into International Trade Integrity Bill 2007 [Provisions], August 2007, p. 21.

[22]      AFP, Submission 3, pp 1‑2.

[23]      AFP, Submission 3, p. 2.

[24]      ASIC, Submission 2, pp 6‑7.

[25]      Journals of the Senate, No. 154—27 June 2013, p. 4265.

[26]      See AFP, Submission 5 Supplementary Submission to the Parliamentary Joint Committee on the Australian Commission for Law Enforcement Integrity's inquiry into the Integrity of Overseas Commonwealth Law Enforcement Operations at https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=a5821bd0-b4b7-4ed0-b170-e7a98f7609aa (accessed 16 September 2014); DFAT, 'Answers to Questions on Notice from a public hearing on 11 May 2012', received 30 May 2012, cited in Parliamentary Joint Committee on the Australian Commission for Law Enforcement Integrity, Integrity of Overseas Commonwealth Law Enforcement Operations, June 2012, pp 27‑28, https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Joint/Australian_Commission_for_Law_Enforcement_Integrity/Completed_inquiries/2010-13/integrity_inter_op/report/index (accessed 16 September 2014).

[27]      Parliamentary Joint Committee on the Australian Commission for Law Enforcement Integrity, Integrity of Overseas Commonwealth Law Enforcement Operations, June 2012, p. 107.

[28]      DFAT, Answers to Questions on Notice from a public hearing on 11 May 2012, received 30 May 2012, cited in Parliamentary Joint Committee on the Australian Commission for Law Enforcement Integrity, Integrity of Overseas Commonwealth Law Enforcement Operations, June 2012, pp 27‑28.

[29]      Parliamentary Joint Committee on the Australian Commission for Law Enforcement Integrity, Integrity of Overseas Commonwealth Law Enforcement Operations, June 2012, p. 109.

Chapter 3 - AWB Ltd in Iraq

[1]        Commissioner Terence Cole, Report of the Inquiry into certain Australian companies in relation to the UN Oil-for-Food Programme, 24 November 2006, Attorney-General's Department (Australia), vol. 2, pp 1–2.

[2]        Independent Inquiry Committee into the United Nations Oil-for-Food Programme, Final Report on Manipulation of the Oil-for-Food Programme by the Iraqi Regime, 27 October 2005, p. 311.

[3]        Australian Securities & Investments Commission v Ingleby [2012] VSC 339 Annexure, 'Statement of Agreed Facts and Joint Submission as to Penalty', paras 1–3, http://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/sinodisp/au/cases/vic/VSC/2012/339.html?stem=0&synonyms=0&query=ingleby (accessed 30 January 2015).

[4]        AWB Ltd, 'Briefing note to the Wheat Export Authority', Exhibit 481 to Commissioner Terence Cole's, Report of the Inquiry into certain Australian companies in relation to the UN Oil-for-Food Programme, 24 November 2006, Attorney-General's Department (Australia), [WEA.0001.0059].

[5]        Commissioner Terence Cole, Report of the Inquiry into certain Australian companies in relation to the UN Oil-for-Food Programme, 24 November 2006, Attorney-General's Department (Australia), vol. 1, pp xv–xvi.

[6]        See Ms Gillian Bird, DFAT, Senate Foreign Affairs Defence and Trade Committee, Estimates Hansard, 3 November 2005, p. 6.

[7]        Mr Paul Kelly, 'The real scandal', The Australian, 29 November 2006.

[8]        Mr Marc Innes-Brown, DFAT, Senate Foreign Affairs Defence and Trade Committee, Estimates Hansard, 3 November 2005, p. 12.

[9]        Commissioner Terence Cole, Report of the Inquiry into certain Australian companies in relation to the UN Oil-for-Food Programme, 24 November 2006, Attorney-General's Department (Australia), vol. 4, pp 115–116.

[10]      Independent Inquiry Committee into the United Nations Oil-for-Food Programme, Final Report on Manipulation of the Oil-for-Food Programme by the Iraqi Regime, 27 October 2005, p. 311–312.

[11]      Commissioner Terence Cole, Report of the Inquiry into certain Australian companies in relation to the UN Oil-for-Food Programme, 24 November 2006, Attorney-General's Department (Australia), vol. 1, p. xvi.

[12]      Independent Inquiry Committee into the United Nations Oil-for-Food Programme, Final Report on Manipulation of the Oil-for-Food Programme by the Iraqi Regime, 27 October 2005, p. 314 and footnote 527.

[13]      Australian Securities & Investments Commission v Ingleby [2012] VSC 339 Annexure, 'Statement of Agreed Facts and Joint Submission as to Penalty', paras 11–16.

[14]      Australian Securities & Investments Commission v Ingleby [2012] VSC 339 Annexure, 'Statement of Agreed Facts and Joint Submission as to Penalty', para. 11.

[15]      Commissioner Terence Cole, Report of the Inquiry into certain Australian companies in relation to the UN Oil-for-Food Programme, 24 November 2006, Attorney-General's Department (Australia), vol. 1, p. lxii.

[16]      Ms Felicity Johnston interviewed by Mr Jonathan Holmes, Four Corners, ABC, 17 April 2006, http://www.abc.net.au/4corners/content/2006/s1616143.htm.

[17]      Commissioner Terence Cole, Report of the Inquiry into certain Australian companies in relation to the UN Oil-for-Food Programme, 24 November 2006, Attorney-General's Department (Australia), vol. 1, pp xxiii–xxiv.

[18]      Australian Securities & Investments Commission v Ingleby [2012] VSC 339 Annexure, 'Statement of Agreed Facts and Joint Submission as to Penalty', para. 30.

[19]      Commissioner Terence Cole, Report of the Inquiry into certain Australian companies in relation to the UN Oil-for-Food Programme, 24 November 2006, Attorney-General's Department (Australia), vol. 1, pp xx–xxi.

[20]      Commissioner Terence Cole, Report of the Inquiry into certain Australian companies in relation to the UN Oil-for-Food Programme, 24 November 2006, Attorney-General's Department (Australia), vol. 2, p. 319.

[21]      Charles Stott, 'Email to Michael Watson, Monday 23 October 2000 at 12:57 PM', Exhibit 444 to Commissioner Terence Cole's, Report of the Inquiry into certain Australian companies in relation to the UN Oil-for-Food Programme, 24 November 2006, Attorney-General's Department (Australia), [AWB.5009.0381] at http://www.oilforfoodinquiry.gov.au/exhibits/images%5CAWB.5009.0381.pdf (accessed 10 February 2015).

[22]      Michael Watson, 'Email to Charles Stott, Tuesday 24 October 2000 at 10:18 AM', Exhibit 444 to Commissioner Terence Cole's, Report of the Inquiry into certain Australian companies in relation to the UN Oil-for-Food Programme, 24 November 2006, Attorney-General's Department (Australia), [AWB.5009.0381].

[23]      Michael Watson, 'Email to Dominic Hogan, Thursday 26 October 2000 at 10:28 AM', Exhibit 299 to Commissioner Terence Cole's, Report of the Inquiry into certain Australian companies in relation to the UN Oil-for-Food Programme, 24 November 2006, Attorney‑General's Department (Australia), [AWB.5010.0009] at http://www.oilforfoodinquiry.gov.au/exhibits/images%5CAWB.5010.0009.pdf (accessed 10 February 2015.

[24]      Commissioner Terence Cole, Report of the Inquiry into certain Australian companies in relation to the UN Oil-for-Food Programme, 24 November 2006, Attorney-General's Department (Australia), vol. 2, p. 385.

[25]      Commissioner Terence Cole, Report of the Inquiry into certain Australian companies in relation to the UN Oil-for-Food Programme, 24 November 2006, Attorney-General's Department (Australia), vol. 2, pp 294, 454.

[26]      Mr David Cowan, 'Email to Paul Ingleby dated 21 September 2000' quoted in Australian Securities & Investments Commission v Ingleby [2012] VSC 339 Annexure, 'Statement of Agreed Facts and Joint Submission as to Penalty', para. 35.

[27]      Commissioner Terence Cole, Report of the Inquiry into certain Australian companies in relation to the UN Oil-for-Food Programme, 24 November 2006, Attorney-General's Department (Australia), vol. 2, pp 445, 452.

[28]      Commissioner Terence Cole, Report of the Inquiry into certain Australian companies in relation to the UN Oil-for-Food Programme, 24 November 2006, Attorney-General's Department (Australia), vol. 2, p. 453.

[29]      Commissioner Terence Cole, Report of the Inquiry into certain Australian companies in relation to the UN Oil-for-Food Programme, 24 November 2006, Attorney-General's Department (Australia), vol. 1, p. xxviii.

[30]      Commissioner Terence Cole, Report of the Inquiry into certain Australian companies in relation to the UN Oil-for-Food Programme, 24 November 2006, Attorney-General's Department (Australia), vol. 1, pp xxix–xxx.

[31]      Commissioner Terence Cole, Report of the Inquiry into certain Australian companies in relation to the UN Oil-for-Food Programme, 24 November 2006, Attorney-General's Department (Australia), vol. 1, pp xxvii, xxxiii-xxxiv.

[32]      Commissioner Terence Cole, Report of the Inquiry into certain Australian companies in relation to the UN Oil-for-Food Programme, 24 November 2006, Attorney-General's Department (Australia), vol. 1, pp xxxiv-xxxv.

[33]      Commissioner Terence Cole, Report of the Inquiry into certain Australian companies in relation to the UN Oil-for-Food Programme, 24 November 2006, Attorney-General's Department (Australia), vol. 2, pp 431, 433, 436.

[34]      Commissioner Terence Cole, Report of the Inquiry into certain Australian companies in relation to the UN Oil-for-Food Programme, 24 November 2006, Attorney-General's Department (Australia), vol. 3, p. 6.

[35]      Commissioner Terence Cole, Report of the Inquiry into certain Australian companies in relation to the UN Oil-for-Food Programme, 24 November 2006, Attorney-General's Department (Australia), vol. 1, pp xlii–xliii.

[36]      Mr Dominic Hogan, 'Unsigned Statutory Declaration', para. 128, Exhibit 142 to Commissioner Terence Cole's, Report of the Inquiry into certain Australian companies in relation to the UN Oil-for-Food Programme, 24 November 2006, Attorney-General's Department (Australia), [WST.0005.0001] http://www.oilforfoodinquiry.gov.au/exhibits/images%5CWST.0005.0001.pdf (accessed 10 February 2015).

[37]      David Marr and Marian Wilkinson, 'Deceit by the Truckload' The Sydney Morning Herald, 15 April 2006, http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/deceit-by-the-truckload/2006/04/14/1144521506851.html?page=fullpage#contentSwap1 (accessed 11 February 2015).

[38]      Commissioner Terence Cole, Report of the Inquiry into certain Australian companies in relation to the UN Oil-for-Food Programme, 24 November 2006, Attorney-General's Department (Australia), vol. 3, p. 76.

[39]      Mr John Agius SC, A blight on the crop—the Australian Wheat Board case, p. 4, presented at the Corruption Prevention Network, CPN 2011 Annual Forum, http://www.corruptionprevention.net/assets/Uploads/Documents/Forum-Papers/2011/ABlightOnTheCropTheAustralianWheatBoardCase.pdf (accessed 10 February 2015).

[40]      Mr John Agius SC, A blight on the crop—the Australian Wheat Board case, p. 3, presented at the Corruption Prevention Network, CPN 2011 Annual Forum.

[41]      Mr Malcolm Skelly, DFAT, 'Letter to Mr Charles Stott of AWB dated 6 November 1995', Exhibit 0204 to Commissioner Terence Cole's, Report of the Inquiry into certain Australian companies in relation to the UN Oil-for-Food Programme, 24 November 2006, Attorney‑General's Department (Australia), [AWB.0106.0018] http://www.oilforfoodinquiry.gov.au/exhibits/images/AWB.0106.0018.pdf (accessed 11 February 2015).

[42]      Mr John Agius SC, A blight on the crop—the Australian Wheat Board case, p. 3, presented at the Corruption Prevention Network, CPN 2011 Annual Forum.

[43]      Mr John Agius SC, A blight on the crop—the Australian Wheat Board case, pp 3–4, presented at the Corruption Prevention Network, CPN 2011 Annual Forum. See also, Commissioner Terence Cole, Report of the Inquiry into certain Australian companies in relation to the UN Oil-for-Food Programme, 24 November 2006, Attorney-General's Department (Australia), vol. 1, pp li–lii.

[44]      Commissioner Terence Cole, Report of the Inquiry into certain Australian companies in relation to the UN Oil-for-Food Programme, 24 November 2006, Attorney-General's Department (Australia), vol. 1, p. lv.

[45]      Australian Securities & Investments Commission v Ingleby [2012] VSC 339 Annexure, 'Statement of Agreed Facts and Joint Submission as to Penalty', para. 45.

[46]      Australian Securities & Investments Commission v Ingleby [2012] VSC 339 Annexure, 'Statement of Agreed Facts and Joint Submission as to Penalty', paras 46, 48.

[47]      Mr John Agius SC, A blight on the crop—the Australian Wheat Board case, p. 5, presented at the Corruption Prevention Network, CPN 2011 Annual Forum.

[48]      Mr David Marr and Ms Marian Wilkinson, 'Deceit by the Truckload' The Sydney Morning Herald, 15 April 2006.

[49]      Commissioner Terence Cole, Report of the Inquiry into certain Australian companies in relation to the UN Oil-for-Food Programme, 24 November 2006, Attorney-General's Department (Australia), vol. 1, p. lvx.i

[50]      Mr David Marr and Ms Marian Wilkinson, 'Deceit by the Truckload' The Sydney Morning Herald, 15 April 2006.

Chapter 4 - The AFP Oil for Food Taskforce

[1]        AFP, Submission 3, p. 2. See also Mr Mick Keelty, AFP, Senate Legal and Constitutional Affairs Committee, Estimates Hansard, 23 May 2007, p. 68.

[2]        Mr Chris Savundra, ASIC, Committee Hansard, 16 October 2014, p. 12. See also, Mr Mick Keelty, AFP Senate Legal and Constitutional Affairs Committee, Estimates Hansard, 23 May 2007, p. 68.

[3]        Ms Leonie Wood, 'Scrapped probe of wheat board cost AFP $6m: letter, The Saturday Age, 9 June 2012, http://www.theage.com.au/action/printArticle?id=3361467 (accessed 16 February 2015).

[4]        Mr David Marr, 'Calling the shots', Sydney Morning Herald, 7 March 2009, http://www.smh.com.au/national/calling-the-shots-20090306-8rcz.html (accessed 16 September 2014).

[5]        Mr Brendan Caridi, ASIC, Committee Hansard, 16 October 2014, p. 15.

[6]        ASIC, Submission 2, p. 7.

[7]        Mr Chris Savundra, ASIC, Committee Hansard, 16 October 2014, p. 10.

[8]        ASIC, Answers to questions on notice from public hearing on 16 October 2014,
questions 2 and 3.

[9]        ASIC, Answers to questions on notice from public hearing on 16 October 2014, question 1.

[10]      ASIC, Answers to questions on notice from public hearing on 16 October 2014,
questions 9 and 10.

[11]      Mr Robert Cornall AO, AGD, Senate Legal and Constitutional Affairs Committee, Estimates Hansard, 23 May 2007, p. 68.

[12]      AFP, Submission 3, p. 2.

[13]      AFP, Answers to written questions on notice (received on 26 February 2015), 18 February 2015, Questions 1 and 4.

[14]      AFP, Submission 3, pp 2–3.

[15]      AFP, Submission 3, p. 2.

[16]      Ms Leonie Wood, 'Scrapped probe of wheat board cost AFP $6m: letter', The Saturday Age, 9 June 2012.

[17]      AFP, Submission 3, p. 3. See also, AFP, 'The AFP responds to questions posed by The Age', The Age, 7 June 2012, http://www.theage.com.au/national/the-afp-responds-to-questions-posed-by-the-age-20120606-1zwhe.html?rand=1338988643281 (accessed 16 February 2015).

[18]      Royal Commissions Act 1902 (Cth) s. 6DD.

[19]      AFP, Answers to written questions on notice (received on 26 February 2015), 18 February 2015,, Question 2.

[20]      AFP, Submission 3, p.3.

[21]      Mr Chris Savundra, ASIC, Committee Hansard, 16 October 2014, p. 10.

[22]      ASIC, Submission 2, pp 11–12.

[23]      Mr Chris Savundra, ASIC, Committee Hansard, 16 October 2014, p. 10.

[24]      CDPP, 'International work', http://www.cdpp.gov.au/about-us/international-work/ (accessed 18 February 2015).

[25]      AFP, Submission 3, p. 2.

[26]      AFP, Answers to written questions on notice (received on 26 February 2015), 18 February 2015, Question 3.

[27]      Mr John Agius SC, Committee Hansard, 16 October 2014, p. 17.

[28]      Mr John Agius SC, Committee Hansard, 16 October 2014, p. 19.

[29]      Mr John Agius SC, Committee Hansard, 16 October 2014, p. 17.

[30]      Mr John Agius SC, Committee Hansard, 16 October 2014, p. 16.

[31]      Mr John Agius SC, Committee Hansard, 16 October 2014, p. 15.

[32]      Mr Peter Hastings QC, Committee Hansard, 16 October 2014, p. 4.

[33]      AFP, Answers to written questions on notice (received on 26 February 2015), 18 February 2015, Question 5.

[34]      Respondent's outline of Opening Submissions in Watson and Watson v AWB Ltd [2007] FCA 1367 at para. 25, tabled by Senator Penny Wright at public hearing on 16 October 2014, at https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=6a6003bc-bb25-465a-85d0-0825e188c071 (accessed 17 February 2015).

[35]      ASIC, Answers to questions on notice from public hearing on 16 October 2014, Question 12.

[36]      Mr Rosario Fusca, interviewed by Mr Nick McKenzie on 'Former investigator claims AWB kickbacks case mishandled', 7.30 hosted by Ms Leigh Sales, Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 7 June 2012, http://www.abc.net.au/7.30/content/2012/s3520724.htm (accessed 19 February 2015).

[37]      AFP, Answers to written questions on notice (received on 26 February 2015), 18 February 2015, Question 6.

[38]      Mr John Agius SC, Committee Hansard, 16 October 2014, p. 21.

[39]      Respondent's outline of Opening Submissions in Watson and Watson v AWB Ltd [2007] FCA 1367 at paras 124‑128, tabled by Senator Penny Wright at public hearing on 16 October 2014.

[40]      AFP, Submission 3, p. 3.

[41]      Mr Peter Hastings QC, Committee Hansard, 16 October 2014, p. 7.

[42]      AFP, Submission 3, p. 3.

[43]      AFP, Submission 3, pp 3‑4.

[44]      AFP, Submission 3, p. 4.

[45]      Mr Nick McKenzie and Mr Richard Baker, 'Scandal? What Scandal?' The Age, 7 June 2012, at http://www.theage.com.au/national/scandal-what-scandal-20120606-1zwrf.html (accessed 16 September 2014). See also, Nick McKenzie, 'Former investigator claims AWB kickbacks case mishandled', 7.30 hosted by Ms Leigh Sales, Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 7 June 2012.

[46]      Mr Nick McKenzie, 'Former investigator claims AWB kickbacks case mishandled', 7.30 hosted by Ms Leigh Sales, Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 7 June 2012.

[47]      Mr Nick McKenzie and Mr Richard Baker, 'Scandal? What Scandal?', The Age, 7 June 2012.

[48]      Mr Nick McKenzie, Committee Hansard, 16 October 2014, pp 30‑31.

[49]      Mr Nick McKenzie and Mr Richard Baker, 'Scandal? What Scandal?', The Age, 7 June 2012.

[50]      Mr Peter Hastings QC, Committee Hansard, 16 October 2014, p. 6.

[51]      Mr Rosario Fusca, quoted by Mr Nick McKenzie, 'Former investigator claims AWB kickbacks case mishandled', 7.30 hosted by Ms Leigh Sales, Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 7 June 2012. See also, Mr Nick McKenzie and Mr Richard Baker, 'Scandal? What Scandal?' The Age, 7 June 2012.

[52]      Mr Nick McKenzie, Committee Hansard, 16 October 2014, p. 31.

[53]      Mr Richard Baker and Mr Nick McKenzie, 'Senate inquiry to investigate explosive federal police bribery claims over wheat board oil-for-food scandal', The Age, 26 June 2014, at http://www.theage.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/senate-inquiry-to-investigate-explosive-federal-police-bribery-claims-over-wheat-board-oilforfood-scandal-20140626-zsn4d.html (accessed 16 September 2014).

Chapter 5 - The investigation by ASIC

[1]        ASIC, Submission 2, pp 5‑6.

[2]        Mr Nick McKenzie, Committee Hansard, 16 October 2014, p. 27.

[3]        ASIC, Submission 2, p. 7.

[4]        Mr Jason Young, Committee Hansard, 16 October 2014, p. 23.

[5]        ASIC, Submission 2, pp 7‑8, 10.

[6]        ASIC, Submission 2, p. 8.

[7]        Leonie Wood, 'ASIC to reveal interviews', The Age, 1 May 2008, http://www.theage.com.au/business/asic-to-reveal-interviews-20080430-29tj.html (accessed 27 February 2014).

[8]        Johns v Australian Securities Commission (1993) 178 CLR 408.

[9]        ASIC, Submission 2, p. 11.

[10]      ASIC, Submission 2, pp 11‑12.

[11]      Mr Chris Savundra, ASIC, Committee Hansard, 16 October 2014, p. 10‑11.

[12]      Mr Chris Savundra, ASIC, Committee Hansard, 16 October 2014, p. 11.

[13]      Mr Chris Savundra, ASIC, Committee Hansard, 16 October 2014, p. 11‑12.

[14]      ASIC, Submission 2, pp 13 and 18.

[15]      ASIC, Answers to questions on notice from public hearing on 16 October 2014, Question 5.

[16]      ASIC, Submission 2, pp 14‑16 and 24.

[17]      ASIC, Submission 2, p. 24.

[18]      ASIC, Submission 2, p. 17.

[19]      Watson and Watson v AWB Ltd [2007] FCA 1367.

[20]      ASIC, Answers to questions on notice from public hearing on 16 October 2014, Question 12.

[21]      Mr John Addis, 'Why ASIC lets the big fish go', The Sydney Morning Herald, 25 February 2014, http://www.smh.com.au/business/intelligent-investor/why-asic-lets-the-big-fish-go-20140225-33diw.html (accessed 19 February 2015).

[22]      Senate Economics References Committee, Report into the Performance of the Australian Securities and Investments Commission, June 2014, p. 367, https://www.aph.gov.au/parliamentary_business/committees/senate/economics/asic/final_report/~/media/committees/senate/committee/economics_ctte/asic/final_report/report.pdf (accessed 19 February 2015).

[23]      Senate Economics References Committee, Report into the Performance of the Australian Securities and Investments Commission, June 2014, p. 414.

Chapter 6 - Chair's comments and recommendations

[1]        AFP, Submission 3, p. 3. See also, AFP, 'The AFP responds to questions posed by The Age', The Age, 7 June 2012, http://www.theage.com.au/national/the-afp-responds-to-questions-posed-by-the-age-20120606-1zwhe.html?rand=1338988643281 (accessed 16 February 2015).

[2]        Mr John Addis, 'Why ASIC lets the big fish go', The Sydney Morning Herald, 25 February 2014, http://www.smh.com.au/business/intelligent-investor/why-asic-lets-the-big-fish-go-20140225-33diw.html (accessed 19 February 2015).

[3]        AFP, Submission 3, p. 3.

[4]        ASIC, Submission 2, p. 17.

[5]        ALRC, Making Inquiries: a new statutory framework, Report 111, October 2009, pp. 252–253.

[6]        Justice Owen quoted in Commissioner Terence Cole, Report of the Inquiry into certain Australian companies in relation to the UN Oil-for-Food Programme, 24 November 2006, Attorney-General's Department (Australia), vol. 1, p. 159.

[7]        Commissioner Terence Cole, Report of the Inquiry into certain Australian companies in relation to the UN Oil-for-Food Programme, 24 November 2006, Attorney-General's Department (Australia), vol. 1, p. 164.

[8]        Dr Scott Prasser, 'Royal Commissions in Australia: When Should Governments Appoint Them?' in Australian Journal of Public Administration Vol. 65 Issue 3, 01/09/2006, p. 34.

[9]        ALRC, Making Inquiries: a new statutory framework, Report 111, October 2009, p. 33.

[10]      Commissioner Terence Cole, Report of the Inquiry into certain Australian companies in relation to the UN Oil-for-Food Programme, 24 November 2006, Attorney-General's Department (Australia), vol. 1, p. 197.

[11]      ALRC, Making Inquiries: a new statutory framework, Report 111, October 2009, p. 212.

[12]      OECD, Phase 3 report on implementing the OECD anti-bribery convention in Australia, October 2012, p. 8.

[13]      OECD, Phase 3 report on implementing the OECD anti-bribery convention in Australia, October 2012, p. 5, http://www.oecd.org/daf/anti-bribery/Australiaphase3reportEN.pdf (accessed 23 February 2015).

[14]      Ms Linda Champion quoted in article by Georgia Wilkins, 'AFP head of fraud unit explains lack of prosecution success', The Sydney Morning Herald, 9 November 2013, http://www.smh.com.au/business/afp-head-of-fraud-unit-explains-lack-of-prosecution-success-20131108-2x73p.html (accessed 23 February 2015).

[15]      Senate Economics References Committee, Report into the Performance of the Australian Securities and Investments Commission, June 2014, p. 376.

[16]      Mr Nick McKenzie, Committee Hansard, 16 October 2014, p. 28.

[17]      Senate Economics References Committee, Report into the Performance of the Australian Securities and Investments Commission, June 2014, p. 368.

[18]      Mr Adam Bandt MP, White-collar crime a test for Abbott: Bandt, Press Release, 3 October 2013, http://greens.org.au/white-collar-crime-test-abbott-bandt (accessed 24 February 2015).

[19]      ASIC, Submission 2, p. 18.

[20]      Administrative Review Council, The coercive information-gathering powers of government agencies, Report number 48, May 2008, p. 43, http://www.arc.ag.gov.au/Documents/a00Final+Version+-+Coercive+Information-gathering+Powers+of+Government+Agencies+-+May+2008.pdf (accessed 24 February 2015).

[21]      Mr John Watson, 'More powers, fewer rights', The Sydney Morning Herald, 26 February 2013, http://www.smh.com.au/national/more-powers-fewer-rights-20130225-2f1zj.html (accessed 24 February 2015).

[22]      Mr Michale Costello, 'Cole commission's direction challenges PM's complacency', The Australian, 17 February 2006.

[23]      Mr Paul Kelly, 'The real scandal', The Australian, 29 November 2006.

[24]      Commissioner Terence Cole, Report of the Inquiry into certain Australian companies in relation to the UN Oil-for-Food Programme, 24 November 2006, Attorney-General's Department (Australia), vol. 1, p. xi.

[25]      Mr John Agius SC, Committee Hansard, 16 October 2014, p. 21.

[26]      See Ms Gillian Bird, DFAT, Senate Foreign Affairs Defence and Trade Committee, Estimates Hansard, 3 November 2005, p. 6.

[27]      UNSC, Resolution 986 (1995) on authorization to permit the import of petroleum and petroleum products originating in Iraq, as a temporary measure to provide for humanitarian needs of the Iraqi people, adopted by the Security Council at its 3519th meeting on 14 April 1995, S/RES/986 (1995), http://www.refworld.org/docid/3b00f19a18.html (accessed 3 February 2014).

[28]      Attorney-General's Department, Commonwealth Fraud Control Guidelines 2002 issued by the Minister for Justice and Customs as Fraud Control Guidelines under Regulation 19 of the Financial Management and Accountability Regulations 1997, May 2002, paras 4.19 and 4.20.

[29]      Australian Public Service Act 1999 (Cth), s. 13.

[30]      Public Interest Disclosure Act 2013 (Cth), Long title.

[31]      AFP, Answers to written questions on notice (received on 26 February 2015), 18 February 2015, Question 8.

[32]      Senate Standing Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs, Inquiry into International Trade Integrity Bill 2007 [Provisions], August 2007, pp 2, 5 and 9.

[33]      Georgia Wilkins, 'AFP head of fraud unit explains lack of prosecution success', The Sydney Morning Herald, 9 November 2013.

[34]      ACLEI, Integrity in law enforcement, http://www.aclei.gov.au/Pages/default.aspx (accessed 24 February 2015).

[35]      Mr Nick McKenzie and Mr Richard Baker, 'National ICAC needed to probe federal politicians, says NSW Independent Commission Against Corruption counsel Geoffrey Watson, SC', The Age, 5 December 2014, http://www.theage.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/national-icac-needed-to-probe-federal-politicians-says-nsw-independent-commission-against-corruption-counsel-geoffrey-watson-sc-20141204-12093d.html (accessed 24 February 2015).

[36]      Parliamentary Joint Committee on the Australian Commission for Law Enforcement Integrity, Integrity of Overseas Commonwealth Law Enforcement Operations, June 2012, p. 32.

[37]      Mr Bruce Hawker, 'National watchdog is needed', The Australian, 31 January 2006.