Footnotes

Chapter 1

[1]        Journals of the Senate, No. 93 – 13 May 2015, p. 2586.

Chapter 2 - Overview

[1]        Australian Food and Grocery Council, Submission 1412, p. 4.

[2]        Australian Food and Grocery Council, Submission 1412, p. 4.

[3]        Australian Food and Grocery Council, Submission 1412, p. 4.

[4]        Export Council of Australia, Submission 1436, p. 3.

[5]        Department of Industry and Science, Submission 1413, p. 15.

[6]        Department of Agriculture, Submission 1338, p. 2.

[7]        Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Submission 1236, p. 1.

[8]        Food South Australia, Submission 945, p. 13.

[9]        Mr Abdul Ayan, Submission 205, p. 5.

[10]      Mr Abdul Ayan, Submission 205, p. 12. See also Department of Industry and Science, Submission 1413, p. 12.

[11]      Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Submission 1236, p. 3.

[12]      Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Submission 1236, p. 3.

[13]      Department of Industry and Science, Submission 1413, p. 12.

[14]      Department of Industry and Science, Submission 1413, p. 12.

[15]      Department of Industry and Science, Submission 1413, p. 6.

[16]      Australian Food and Grocery Council, Submission 1412, p. 5.

[17]      Australian Food and Grocery Council, Submission 1412, p. 5.

[18]      Australian Food and Grocery Council, Submission 1412, p. 5.

[19]      Department of Agriculture, Submission 1338, p. 2.

[20]      See discussion with Mr Greg Read, First Assistant Secretary, Exports Division, Department of Agriculture, Proof Committee Hansard, 21 August 2015, pp 32–45.

[21]      Claims must be accurate and truthful to comply with the Competition and Consumer Act (the Australian Consumer Law).

[22]      Australian Food and Grocery Council, Submission 1412, p. 7.

[23]      Section 18 (1) of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010.

[24]      Australian Food and Grocery Council, Submission 1412, pp 5–6.

[25]      Australian Food and Grocery Council, Submission 1412, p. 8.

[26]      Dr Richard Chadwick, General Manager, Adjudication Branch, Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, Proof Committee Hansard, 24 September 2015, p. 2.

[27]      Australian Food and Grocery Council, Submission 1412, p. 8.

[28]      Mr Scott Gregson, Executive General Manager, Consumer Enforcement, Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, Proof Committee Hansard, 24 September 2015, p. 1.

[29]      Mr Scott Gregson, Executive General Manager, Consumer Enforcement, Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, Proof Committee Hansard, 24 September 2015, p. 3.

[30]      Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Submission 1236, p. 4.

[31]      Australian Organic Ltd, Submission 1374, p. 1.

[32]      Organic Industry Standards and Certification Council Inc., Submission 1398, p. 1.

[33]      Organic Industry Standards and Certification Council Inc., Submission 1398, p. 1.

[34]      Mr Greg Read, First Assistant Secretary, Exports Division, Department of Agriculture, Proof Committee Hansard, 21 August 2015, p. 32.

[35]      Organic Industry Standards and Certification Council Inc., Submission 1398, p. 1.

[36]      Organic Industry Standards and Certification Council Inc., Submission 1398, p. 1.

[37]      Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Submission 1236, p. 4.

[38]      GMO ID Australia, Submission 376, p. 1.

[39]      For more information see Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ) at: http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/consumer/gmfood/gmoverview/Pages/default.aspx (accessed 9 November 2015).

[40]      GMO ID Australia, Submission 376, p. 1.

[41]      GMO ID Australia, Submission 376, p. 1.

[42]      Halal Certification Authority Australia, Submission 1437, p. 5. Executive Council of Australian Jewry, Submission 874.

[43]      Executive Council of Australian Jewry, Submission 874, p. 1.

[44]      Executive Council of Australian Jewry, Submission 874, p. 2.

[45]      Executive Council of Australian Jewry, Submission 874, p. 2.

[46]      The ECAJ submission explains that approximately one quarter of Australia's Jewish population identify as 'strictly Orthodox' or 'modern Orthodox' and can be assumed to 'keep kosher'. See Executive Council of Australian Jewry, Submission 874, p. 4.

[47]      Executive Council of Australian Jewry, Submission 874, p. 3.

[48]      Executive Council of Australian Jewry, Submission 874, p. 4.

[49]      Halal Certification Authority Australia, Submission 1437, p. 2.

[50]      Halal Certification Authority Australia, Submission 1437, p. 3.

[51]      See Halal Certification Authority Australia, Submission 1437, p. 3.

[52]      Mr Abdul Ayan, Submission 205, p. 3.

[53]      Halal Certification Authority, Submission 1437, p. 3.

[54]      Mr Abdul Ayan, Submission 205, p. 5.

[55]      Food Standards Australia and New Zealand: http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/consumer/gmfood/gmoverview/Pages/default.aspx (accessed 11 November 2015).

[56]      Food Standards Australia and New Zealand: http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/consumer/gmfood/gmoverview/Pages/default.aspx (accessed 11 November 2015).

[57]      Australian Food and Grocery Council, Submission 1412, p. 8.

[58]      Australian Organic Ltd, Submission 1374, p. 3.

[59]      Australian Organic Ltd, Submission 1374, p. 3.

[60]      Australian Organic Ltd, Submission 1374, p. 3.

[61]      GMO ID Australia, Submission 376, p. 2.

[62]      GMO ID Australia, Submission 376, p. 2.

Chapter 3 - Issues

[1]        Australian Food and Grocery Council, Submission 1412, p. 11.

[2]        See for example Halal Choices, Submission 1278; Mr Burnie Riley, Submission 514; Ms Suzanne Strates, Submission 776; Name withheld, Submission 443; Mr Richard Sibthorpe, Submission 467; Mr Russell Gomez, Submission 498; Mr Anthony Crook, Submission 647.

[3]        Mrs Kirralie Smith, Director, Halal Choices Incorporated, Proof Committee Hansard, 24 September 2015, p. 17.

[4]        Mrs Kirralie Smith, Director, Halal Choices Incorporated, Proof Committee Hansard, 24 September 2015, p. 18.

[5]        Mr Bernard Gaynor, Proof Committee Hansard, 24 September 2015, p. 31.

[6]        Mr Bernard Gaynor, Proof Committee Hansard, 24 September 2015, p. 32.

[7]        Mr Abdul Ayan, Submission 205, p. 8.

[8]        Department of Industry and Science, Submission 1413, p. 11.

[9]        Department of Agriculture, Submission 1338, p. 12.

[10]      Department of Industry and Science, Submission 1413, p. 4.

[11]      Australian Food and Grocery Council, Submission 1412, p. 11.

[12]      Australian Food and Grocery Council, Submission 1412, pp 11–12.

[13]      Australian Food and Grocery Council, Submission 1412, p. 11.

[14]      Mrs Kirralie Smith, Director, Halal Choices Incorporated, Proof Committee Hansard, 24 September 2015, p. 17.

[15]      Australian Food and Grocery Council, Submission 1412, p. 9.

[16]      Halal Certification Authority Australia, Submission 1437, p. 11.

[17]      For example see Mrs Helen Buckle, Submission 644.

[18]      Mrs Helen Buckle, Submission 644, p. 4.

[19]      Department of Industry and Science, Submission 1413, p. 14.

[20]      Mr Abdul Ayan, Submission 205, p. 10.

[21]      Mr Abdul Ayan, Submission 205, p. 10.

[22]      Mr Abdul Ayan, Submission 205, p. 11.

[23]      For example National Sikh Council, Submission 234.

[24]      National Sikh Council, Submission 234, p. 1.

[25]      Mr Bernard Gaynor, Proof Committee Hansard, 24 September 2015, p. 31.

[26]      Mr Bernard Gaynor, Proof Committee Hansard, 24 September 2015, pp 31–32.

[27]      Mr Bernard Gaynor, Proof Committee Hansard, 24 September 2015, p. 33.

[28]      Mr Wasim Raza, Manager, Australian Federation of Islamic Councils (Muslims Australia), Proof Committee Hansard, 3 November 2015, pp 2–3.

[29]      Mr Peter Wertheim, Executive Director, Executive Council of Australian Jewry, Proof Committee Hansard, 21 August 2015, p. 22.

[30]      Department of Industry and Science, Submission 1413, p. 14.

[31]      Department of Industry and Science, Submission 1413, p. 14.

[32]      See for example Ms Erica Grace, Submission 15; Ms Suzanne Strates, Submission 776; Ms Leona Duncombe, Submission 1038; Ms Julia Rook, Submission 206; Mr Kev Gilchrist, Submission 207; Ms Lesley Anne Sullivan, Submission 209.

[33]      Ms Suzanne Strates, Submission 776, p. 1.

[34]      Mrs Angela Jamieson, National Manager, Compliance, AUSTRAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 24 September 2015, p. 8.

[35]      Mr Hamish Hansford, National Manager, Strategic Intelligence and Strategy, Australian Crime Commission, Proof Committee Hansard, 24 September 2015, p. 15.

[36]      Mrs Kirralie Smith, Director, Halal Choices Incorporated, Proof Committee Hansard, 24 September 2015, p. 22.

[37]      Mr Abdul Ayan, Submission 205, p. 4.

[38]      Mr Abdul Ayan, Submission 205, p. 11. The Department of Agriculture publishes a 'list of recognised Islamic bodies for halal certification of red meat', see: http://www.agriculture.gov.au/export/food/meat/elmer-3/list-islamic-halal-certification (accessed 3 November 2015).

[39]      Other goods are certified on a commercial basis. See discussion with Mr Greg Read, First Assistant Secretary, Exports Division, Department of Agriculture, Proof Committee Hansard, 21 August 2015, p. 33.

[40]      Mr Greg Read, First Assistant Secretary, Exports Division, Department of Agriculture, Proof Committee Hansard, 21 August 2015, p. 33.

[41]      Mr Greg Read, First Assistant Secretary, Exports Division, Department of Agriculture, Proof Committee Hansard, 21 August 2015, p. 37.

[42]      Mr Greg Read, First Assistant Secretary, Exports Division, Department of Agriculture, Proof Committee Hansard, 21 August 2015, p. 33.

[43]      Mr Greg Read, First Assistant Secretary, Exports Division, Department of Agriculture, Proof Committee Hansard, 21 August 2015, p. 33.

[44]      Mr Abdul Ayan, Submission 205, p. 6.

[45]      Australian Food and Grocery Council, Submission 1412, p. 12. For details on the certifiers recognised by each red meat importing country see http://www.agriculture.gov.au/export/food/meat/elmer-3/list-islamic-halal-certification (accessed 18 November 2015).

[46]      Australian Food and Grocery Council, Submission 1412, p. 12.

[47]      Australian Food and Grocery Council, Submission 1412, pp 12–13.

[48]      Australian Food and Grocery Council, Submission 1412, p. 13.

[49]      Certification is for the most part sought voluntarily by business owners and is in fact not regulated. See Department of Agriculture, Submission 1338, p. 3.

[50]      Mr Abdul Ayan, Submission 205, p. 16.

[51]      Department of Industry and Science, Submission 1413, p. 15.

[52]      Mr Abdul Ayan, Submission 205, p. 13.

[53]      Mr Abdul Ayan, Submission 205. See also Mr Abdul Ayan, Proof Committee Hansard, 3 November 2015, pp 10–18.

[54]      Mr Peter Chesworth, Head of Division, Sectoral Growth Policy Division, Department of Industry and Science, Proof Committee Hansard, 21 August 2015, pp 46–47.

[55]      Mr Scott Gregson, Executive General Manager, Consumer Enforcement, Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, Proof Committee Hansard, 24 September 2015, pp 1–2.

[56]      Abdullahi Ayan, Accessing the Global Halal Market, Chapter 6, tabled at public hearing 3 November 2015.

[57]      Australian Food and Grocery Council, Submission 1412, p. 8.

[58]      Drs Stephen and Dianne Grocott, Submission 986, p. 1. See also Mr Dylan Boyd-Tomlinson, Submission 436, p. 3; Mr Greg McKay, Submission 230, p. 1; Ms Vicki Hohenhaus, Submission 307, p. 1.

[59]      Mr Greg McKay, Submission 230, p. 1.

[60]      Halal Certification Authority Australia, Submission 1437, p. 9.

[61]      Mr Wasim Raza, Manager, Australian Federation of Islamic Councils (Muslims Australia), Proof Committee Hansard, 3 November 2015, p. 3.

[62]      Mr Wasim Raza, Manager, Australian Federation of Islamic Councils (Muslims Australia), Proof Committee Hansard, 3 November 2015, p. 3.

[63]      See for example Mr Burnie Riley, Submission 514, p. 2; National Sikh Council, Submission 234, p.1; Mr Jurgen Oehme, Submission 457, p. 2; Mr Craig Litchfield, Submission 485, p. 1; Ms Lesley Anne Sullivan, Submission 209.

[64]      Name withheld, Submission 1282, p. 2.

[65]      Name withheld, Submission 919, pp 2–3.

[66]      Mr Andre Bosch, Submission 571, p. 2.

[67]      Mr Andre Bosch, Submission 571, p. 3.

[68]      Mr Wasim Raza, Manager, Australian Federation of Islamic Councils (Muslims Australia), Proof Committee Hansard, 3 November 2015, p. 2.

[69]      Mr Wasim Raza, Manager, Australian Federation of Islamic Councils (Muslims Australia), Proof Committee Hansard, 3 November 2015, p. 2.

[70]      See discussion, Proof Committee Hansard, 3 November 2015, p. 2.

[71]      Rabbi Mordechai Gutnick, Rabbinic Administrator, Kosher Australia Pty Ltd., Proof Committee Hansard, 21 August 2015, p. 19.

[72]      Rabbi Moshe Gutnick, Rabbinic Administrator, Kashrut Authority Inc., Proof Committee Hansard, 21 August 2015, p. 19.

[73]      Department of Industry and Science, Submission 1413, p. 11. See also Mr Greg Read, First Assistant Secretary, Exports Division, Department of Agriculture, Proof Committee Hansard, 21 August 2015, p. 34.

Additional Comments - Senator Cory Bernardi

[1]        Committee report, Chapter 3.

[2]        Audio file attached to the following story: Anna Vidot, ‘Food industry back Senate certification inquiry, hopes to address ‘misinformation’ about halal’, ABC Rural, 14 May 2015, http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-05-14/senate-to-hold-inquiry-into-halal-other-food-certification/6470112 , (accessed 15 May 2015).

[3]        Australian Organic Twitter account, https://twitter.com/AustOrganic/status/599075725413457920, (accessed 15 May 2015).

[4]        As quoted in Gareth Narunsky, ‘’Kashrut probe not a threat’’, Australian Jewish News online, 21 May 2015, http://www.jewishnews.net.au/kashrut-probe-not-a-threat/41983, (accessed 25 November 2015).

[5]        Abdul Ayan, Answers to questions on notice, 3 November 2015 hearing, p. 20.

[6]        Anna Vidot, ‘Food industry back Senate certification inquiry, hopes to address ‘misinformation’ about halal’, ABC Rural, 14 May 2015, http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-05-14/senate-to-hold-inquiry-into-halal-other-food-certification/6470112 , (accessed 15 May 2015).

[7]        ‘List of recognised Islamic bodies for halal certification of red meat’, Department of Agriculture and Water Resources website, (current as at 2 November 2015), http://www.agriculture.gov.au/export/food/meat/elmer-3/list-islamic-halal-certification, (accessed 25 November 2015).

[8]        Mohamed Elmouelhy Facebook post, 25 August 2015, (accessed 13 October 2015).

[9]        Mohamed Elmouelhy Facebook post, 9 July 2015, accessed 13 October 2015.

[10]      Mohamed Elmouelhy Facebook posts, 23 and 25 August 2015, accessed 13 October 2015.

[11]      Committee Hansard, 21 August 2015, p. 17.

[12]      R Smith, Submission 399, p. 2.

[13]      Geoff Thompson, Peter Cronau and Joel Tozer, ‘The Truth About Halal’ transcript, Four Corners, Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 7 September 2015.

[14]      Halal Choices, Submission 1278, pp 8–9.

[15]      Mr Bernard Gaynor, Submission 1383, pp 18–21.

[16]      Email received from a Woolworth’s representative, 30 June 2015, as quoted in Submission 1383, p. 20.

[17]      Halal Australia website, General FAQ page, accessed 29 April 2015.

[18]      “Products made from the following substances are Halal unless containing or come into contact with a Haram substance: 1. All plant and their products 2. Certified Halal meat, poultry, game birds and animals. 3. All water creatures, fish, crustaceans and molluscs. 4. Egg from acceptable birds only. 5. Rennet from certified Halal slaughtered calves 6. Non animal rennet (NAR, culture) 7. Gelatine produced from certified Halal beef skins and/or bones, 8. Animal ingredients certified Halal” The Islamic Council of Western Australia, ICWA Halal Guidelines, http://www.islamiccouncilwa.com.au/halal-certification/halal-guidelines/, (accessed 25 November 2015).

[19]      Australian Federation of Islamic Councils, Answers to questions on notice, 3 November 2015 hearing.

[20]      Rabbi Moshe Gutnick, Kashrut Authority Inc, Committee Hansard, 21 August 2015, p. 22.

[21]      Committee Hansard, 21 August 2015, p. 21.

[22]      Committee Hansard, 21 August 2015, p. 22.

[23]      Committee Hansard, 3 November 2015, p. 3.

[24]      Halal Certification Authority Australia, Submission 1437, p. 9.

[25]      Committee Hansard, 3 November 2015, p. 3.

[26]      Committee Hansard, 21 August 2015, p. 8.

[27]      Additional comments from Australian meat processors.

[28]      Additional comments from Australian meat processors.

[29]      Committee Hansard, 21 August 2015, pp 4, 7, 9, and 12.

[30]      Mr Wasim Raza, Australian Federation of Islamic Councils, Committee Hansard, 3 November 2015, p. 6.

[31]      For example, evidence presented by AFIC permits reversible stunning of animals before their throats are cut by the halal slaughtermen, yet the Islamic Council of WA states that they are opposed to the stunning of animals before slaughter. See Committee Hansard, 3 November 2015, p. 2 and ICWA Halal Guidelines, available on their website at http://www.islamiccouncilwa.com.au/halal-certification/halal-guidelines/.

[32]      Committee Hansard, 21 August 2015, p. 9.

[33]      Committee Hansard, 21 August 2015, p. 10.

[34]      Australian Organic, Submission 1374, p. 1.

[35]      Executive Council of Australian Jewry Inc., Submission 874, p. 6.

[36]      Committee Hansard, 3 November 2015, p. 14.

[37]      Executive Council of Australian Jewry Inc, Submission 874, p. 8.

[38]      Ibid., p. 9.

[39]      Ibid.

[40]      Sir A. E. Woodward, Report of the Royal Commission into Australian Meat Industry, Victorian Legislative Assembly, September 1982 (Government printer, Melbourne), p. 235.

[41]      Australian Federation of Islamic Councils (Muslims Australia), Answers to Questions on notice, 3 November 2015 hearing.

[42]      Committee Hansard, 3 November 2015, p. 1.

[43]      AFIC Financial Statement for the period ended 31 December 2012, pp. 5-6 and AFIC Financial Statement for the period ended 31 December 2014, available from the Australian Charities and Not-for-profits Commission website.

[44]      Committee Hansard, 3 November 2015, pp 4–5.

[45]      AFIC, Answers to questions on notice, 3 November 2015 hearing.

[46]      Committee Hansard, 3 November 2015, p. 4.

[47]      The financial mismanagement of AFIC and its schools has been widely reported in Australian media, particularly by Leo Shanahan at The Australian. In 2012, the NSW Government ordered an AFIC school to repay $9 million that it had received in grants after an investigation found that the school was operating for profit, which goes against conditions of that government funding. The case is currently before the courts.

[48]      Committee Hansard, 24 September 2015, p. 10.

[49]      Committee Hansard, 24 September 2015, p. 9.

[50]      Committee Hansard, 24 September 2015, p. 10.

[51]      Committee Hansard, 24 September 2015, p. 14.

[52]      AUSTRAC, Terrorism financing in Australia 2014, 2014, p. 15.

[53]      Mohamed El-Mouelhy Facebook post, 22 March 2015 and ‘The Truth About Halal’ transcript, Four Corners, ABC, 7 September 2015.

[54]      ‘The Truth About Halal’ transcript, Four Corners, ABC, 7 September 2015, and Nick McKenzie, ‘Claim money from Aust sent to organisations linked to terrorism’, 7.30 Report,  ABC, 24 June 2003, and ‘Jonathan Harley, ‘Concern charity channelling funds to Hamas’, Lateline, ABC, 22 September 2003.

[55]      Four Corners transcript, ‘The Truth About Halal’, ABC, 7 September 2015.

[56]      Bagja Hidayat, Kartika Candra and Asmayani Kusrini, ‘The High Cost of Halal Labels’, Tempo, 2 March 2014, p. 17.

[57]      Ibid, and Abdul Ayan, Answers to questions on notice, 3 November 2015 hearing, p. 9.

[58]      Chris Johnston, ‘Knives come out in halal food fight’, Sunday Canberra Times, 28 December 2014.

[59]      Four Corners transcript, ‘The Truth About Halal’, ABC, 7 September 2015.

[60]      Professor Azyumardi Azra, Sky News, 8 September 2015.

[61]      Abdul Ayan, Answers to questions on notice, 3 November 2015 hearing.

[62]      Sir A. E. Woodward, Report of the Royal Commission into Australian Meat Industry, Victorian Legislative Assembly, September 1982 (Government printer, Melbourne), pp 228–229.

[63]      Halal Certification Authority Australia, Submission 1437, p.14.

[64]      Ibid, and John Hannebery and Penn Glenn, ‘Federal Court awards additional damages for flagrant infringements of Halal Certification trade mark’, Davies Collison Cave Intellectual Property website, 10 September 2014.

[65]      Ibid.