Footnotes

Chapter 1 - Introduction

[1]        Source: Australian Department of Defence.

Chapter 2 - The Questions

[1]        Dr Michael Green, DIISR, Proof Committee Hansard, 16 May 2008, p. 3. The decentralised approach is set out in the November 2006 document Australian Government Space Engagement: Policy Framework and Overview, attached to Submission 7.

[2]        The Forum's terms of reference are included in an attachment to Submission 7.

[3]        Professor Harvey Butcher, Proof Committee Hansard, 16 May 2008, p. 52.

[4]        The plan is discussed by the Australian Academy of Science (Submission 38). It is commended by the Universities of Sydney (Submission 18), Tasmania (Submission 20), La Trobe (Submission 24) and Newcastle (Submission 53), as well as the Geological Society (Submission 30) among others. The plan is reproduced in Submission 41.

[5]        South Australian Government, Submission 79, p. 12.

[6]        Dr Woodgate, Draft Committee Hansard, 23 May 2008, p. 39.

[7]        Australia's share of world 'above-subsistence' GDP and wealth are somewhat higher.

[8]        Professor Clay, Draft Committee Hansard, 23 May 2008, p. 46.

[9]        Professor Paul Cally, Submission 1, p. 5.

[10]      School of Geosciences, Monash University, Submission 19, p. 1.

[11]      Professor Grant, Institute for Telecommunications Research, Draft Committee Hansard, 23 May 2008, p. 9.

[12]      Professor Dyson, Draft Committee Hansard, 23 May 2008, p. 21.

[13]      Submission 40, p. 1.

[14]      Submission 40, p. 2.

[15]      Submission 40, p. 2.

[16]      Dr Andy Thomas, Draft Committee Hansard, 23 May 2008, p. 11.

[17]      Australian Government Space Engagement: Policy Framework and Overview, attached to Submission 7.

[18]      Dr Michael Green, DIISR, Proof Committee Hansard, 16 May 2008, p. 3. An even more sceptical view was expressed by Hendrik Gout, 'Lost in Space – the Woomera rocket fizzer', Independent Weekly, 13 January 2007.

[19]      South Australian Government, Submission 79, p. 3.

[20]      Dr Andy Thomas, Draft Committee Hansard, 23 May 2008, pp 17–8.

[21]      Mr Gary Luckman, Proof Committee Hansard, 16 May 2008, pp 33–4. The rockets were donated to the Institute by the Australian Government on the condition that ASRI use them to promote space science and engineering. The rockets were military rockets that had ended their useful life, and were modified to launch payloads.

[22]      Mr Matt Miller, SMS, Draft Committee Hansard, 23 May 2008, p. 28.

[23]      Dr Michael Green, DIISR, Proof Committee Hansard, 16 May 2008, p. 4.

[24]      Submissions 36, 39 and 49 give more detail.

[25]      ANU, Submission 13, p. 3.

[26]      Cited by Australian Hypersonics Network, Submission 36.

[27]      Grollo Aerospace, Submission 54, p. 1.

[28]      South Australian Government, Submission 79, p. 9.

[29]      Dr Andy Thomas, Draft Committee Hansard, 23 May 2008, p. 17.

[30]      See House of Representatives Standing Committee on Economics, Finance and Public Administration, Australian Manufacturing: Today and Tomorrow, July 2007.

[31]      Professor Harvey Butcher, ANU, Proof Committee Hansard, 16 May 2008, p. 51.

[32]      Geological Society, Submission 30, pp 3–4. See also Mars Society, Submission 22, p. 3.

[33]      Mr Desmond Lugg, Submission 9, p. 1.

[34]      Mr Roger Franzen, Earthspace, Proof Committee Hansard, 16 May 2008, p. 43. At least for some, these passions endure. 'When asked at enrolment, first year students enrolling in geosciences state that their thee main interest areas are "volcanoes", "dinosaurs" and "space" '; School of Geosciences, Monash University, Submission 19, p. 2.

[35]      Professor Dyson, Draft Committee Hansard, 23 May 2008, p. 23.

[36]      National Committee for Space Science, Submission 41, p. 2.

[37]      Dr Pigram, Geoscience Australia, Proof Committee Hansard, 16 May 2008, p. 31.

[38]      Professor Butcher, ANU, Proof Committee Hansard, 16 May 2008, p. 56.

[39]      Dr Gregory Seil, Submission 2, p. 1.

[40]      Bluesat University of New South Wales Student Satellite Project, Submission 51, p. 1.

[41]      Dr Andy Thomas, Proof Committee Hansard, 23 May 2008, p. 13.

[42]      Dr Michael Green, DIISR, Proof Committee Hansard, 16 May 2008, p. 7.

[43]      Professor Dyson, Draft Committee Hansard, 23 May 2008, p. 24. A similar argument has been made by Dr Andy Thomas. The National Committee for Space Science argue that the research projects proposed in the decadal plan would cost less than a dollar per Australian a year; Submission 41, p. 3.

[44]      See Submissions 4 and 44.

[45]      Dr Andy Thomas, Draft Committee Hansard, 23 May 2008, p. 11.

[46]      Professor of Physics at Johns Hopkins University, Submission 25.

[47]      Mr Cameron Boyd, Proof Committee Hansard, 16 May 2008, p. 36.

[48]      Professor Harvey Butcher, ANU, Proof Committee Hansard, 16 May 2008, pp 53 and 58.

[49]      Professor Harvey Butcher, ANU, Proof Committee Hansard, 16 May 2008, p. 51.

[50]      DIISR, Submission 7, p. 2.

[51]      The Bureau of Meteorology and Geoscience Australia both characterised much of their work in this way; Proof Committee Hansard, 16 May 2008, pp 19 and 20.

[52]      Professor Harvey Butcher, ANU, Proof Committee Hansard, 16 May 2008, p. 52.

[53]      This argument is made, for example, by Mr Ralph Buttigieg, Submission 3.

[54]      Dr Andy Thomas, Draft Committee Hansard, 23 May 2008, p. 13.

[55]      Mr Cameron Boyd, Australian Space Research Institute, Proof Committee Hansard, 16 May 2008, p. 36.

[56]      Department of Defence, Submission 70, p. 5.

[57]      Mr Roger Franzen, Earthspace, Proof Committee Hansard, 16 May 2008, p. 43. A similar point was made by Professor Sinnott, Draft Committee Hansard, 23 May 2008, p. 32.

[58]      Professor Sinnott, Draft Committee Hansard, 23 May 2009, p. 32.

[59]      Professor Sinnott, Draft Committee Hansard, 23 May 2008, p. 32.

[60]      Dr Susan Barrell, Proof Committee Hansard, 16 May 2008, p. 13.

[61]      Dr Susan Barrell, Proof Committee Hansard, 16 May 2008, p. 13.

[62]      Dr Chris Pigram, Proof Committee Hansard, 16 May 2008, p. 22.

[63]      Dr Chris Pigram, Proof Committee Hansard, 16 May 2008, pp 20–1; Dr Lewis, Proof Committee Hansard, 16 May 2008, p. 32.

[64]      'Spatially enabling Australia', ASIBA October 2007, reproduced in Submission 37.

[65]      'Spatially enabling Australia', ASIBA October 2007, reproduced in Submission 37.

[66]      Optus had taken over the formerly government-owned Aussat. Submission 63.

[67]      Mr Roger Franzen, Earthspace, Proof Committee Hansard, 16 May 2008, p. 46.

[68]      Professor Dyson, Draft Committee Hansard, 23 May 2008, p. 22.

[69]      Mr Matt Miller, Draft Committee Hansard, 23 May 2008, p. 29.

[70]      Mr Matt Miller, Draft Committee Hansard, 23 May 2008, p. 40.

[71]      ASIBA, Submission 37, p. 6.

[72]      Professor Grant, Institute for Telecommunications Research, Draft Committee Hansard, 23 May 2008, p. 4.

[73]      Dr Susan Barrell, Proof Committee Hansard, 16 May 2008, p. 16.

[74]      Dr Michael Green, DIISR, Proof Committee Hansard, 16 May 2008, p. 9.

[75]      Dr Susan Barrell, Proof Committee Hansard, 16 May 2008, p. 17.

[76]      Dr Chris Pigram, Geoscience Australia, Proof Committee Hansard, 16 May 2008, p. 30.

[77]      Dr Susan Barrell, Proof Committee Hansard, 16 May 2008, p. 17.

[78]      House of Representatives Standing Committee on Economics, Finance and Public Administration, Australian Manufacturing: Today and Tomorrow, July 2007, p. 133.

[79]      For example, Sweden developed expertise in speciality steel products due to its iron ore deposits and in timber products due to its forests.

[80]      For example, over five centuries after Gutenberg invented the printing press, around half the world’s printing presses were still being manufactured in central Germany.

[81]      For example, Silicon Valley (headquarters to leading IT companies such as Apple, eBay, Google and Yahoo!) developed near the Californian universities, as did Silicon Fen around Cambridge.

[82]      For example, Basel’s success as a cluster for the pharmaceuticals industry partly reflects its former importance in the dye industry.

[83]      For example, Hollywood has such a concentration of actors, writers, directors, cinematographers, producers, costume and set designers, lighting specialists and so forth that it remains the leading centre for film production despite relatively high costs.

[84]      Michael Porter, ‘Clusters and the new economics of competition’, Harvard Business Review, November 1998.

[85]      Michael Porter, the Harvard academic regarded as the leading writer on clusters, concludes ‘government policy will be far more likely to succeed in reinforcing an existing or nascent cluster than in trying to promote an entirely new one, however tempting that might be for national prestige’, The Competitive Advantage of Nations, Free Press, New York, 1990, p. 655.

[86]      A cluster in Adelaide could develop around the Institute for Telecommunications Research at the University of South Australia, research centres at the University of Adelaide and a number of Adelaide-based companies and benefit from relative proximity to Woomera. The South Australian government regards the state as 'the natural home of Australia's space effort'; Submission 79, p. 1.  A cluster in Canberra could develop around the Acton‑Black Mountain area which houses the ANU and CSIRO. Also in the Canberra region are the relevant Australian government departments, Mount Stromlo observatory and the Deep Space Tracking Centre at Tidbinbilla. Arguments could be mounted for adding Sydney and/or Melbourne but Australia is too small to have a large number of space clusters.

[87]      For example, Dr Andy Thomas, Draft Committee Hansard, 23 May 2008, p. 11; Mars Society, Submission 22; Dr James Moody, Submission 32; Australian Spatial Information Business Association, Submission 37, p. 5; Mark Ramsey, Submission 43, p. 7; Australian Space Research Institute, Submission 46, p. 4; Luke Webb, Submission 47, p. 2; Epsilon Foundation, Submission 56, p. 1; Australian Space Industry Chamber of Commerce, Submission 64, p. 10.

[88]      Mr Roger Franzen, Earthspace, Proof Committee Hansard, 16 May 2008, p. 44.

[89]      National Space Society of Australia, Submission 27, p. 7.

[90]      Institute for Telecommunications Research, Submission 48, p. 2.

[91]      Mr Luckman, Proof Committee Hansard, 16 May 2008, p. 35.

[92]      Professor Grant, Institute for Telecommunications Research, Draft Committee Hansard, 23 May 2008, p. 3. Similarly Dr Woodgate was approached by a Chinese agency interested in a joint satellite venture but unable to find an agency in government to approach.

[93]      Dr Andy Thomas, Draft Committee Hansard, 23 May 2008, p. 15.

[94]      Mr Roger Franzen, Earthspace, Proof Committee Hansard, 16 May 2008, p. 42.

[95]      University of Sydney, Submission 18.

[96]      University of Newcastle, Submission 53, p. 2.

[97]      Dr Susan Barrell, Proof Committee Hansard, 16 May 2008, pp 14 and 18.

[98]      Dr Michael Green, DIISR, Proof Committee Hansard, 16 May 2008, p. 5.

[99]      Dr Susan Barrell, Proof Committee Hansard, 16 May 2008, p. 18.

[100]    Associate Professor Lachlan Thompson and Professor Pavel Trivailo, Submission 33, p. 3.

[101]    Dr Michael Green, DIISR, Proof Committee Hansard, 16 May 2008, p. 6.

[102]    Dr Michael Green, DIISR, Proof Committee Hansard, 16 May 2008, p. 12.

[103]    Dr Michael Green, DIISR, Proof Committee Hansard, 16 May 2008, p. 12.

[104]    Professor Clay, Draft Committee Hansard, 23 May 2008, p. 46.

[105]    Ms Jeanette Rothapfel, Submission 45, p. 1.

[106]    Mr Cameron Boyd, Australian Space Research Institute, Proof Committee Hansard, 16 May 2008, p. 35.

[107]    Mr Mark Ramsey, Submission 43, p. 2.

[108]    Dr Sean Tuttle, Submission 50, p. 1.

[109]    Australian Space Industry Chamber of Commerce, Submission 64, p. 12.

[110]    Professor Clay, Draft Committee Hansard, 23 May 2008, p. 46.