Footnotes

Chapter 1

[1]        National Emissions Trading Taskforce web site, http://www.emissionstrading.net.au/key_documents/nett_terms_of_reference,_july_2007, accessed 22 May 2008.

[2]        See for instance, Ian Dunlop, Toward a realistic climate change policy, Centre for Policy Development, 12 April 2007, at : http://cpd.org.au/article/towards-realistic-climate-change-policy.

[3]        For instance, Warwick McKibbon, Australian Financial Review, 28 March 2008, p. 83.

[4]        Senator the Hon Penny Wong, Minister for Climate Change and Water, Speech to the Australian Industry Group Luncheon, 6 February 2008, 'Climate Change: A Responsibility Agenda', p. 10.

[5]        Matthew Warren, 'Time to price carbon', Weekend Australian, 29 March 2008, p. 1.

[6]        Budget statement on Climate Change, the economy and the environment by Senator the Hon Penny Wong, Minister for Climate Change and Water and The Hon Peter Garrett MP, Minister for the Environment, Heritage and the Arts, 13 May 2008, p. 11. 

[7]        Duncan McGregor, 'Road map for the future is unclear', Weekend Australian, 29 March 2008, p. 2.

[8]        Ibid.

[9]        Budget statement on Climate Change, the economy and the environment by Senator the Hon Penny Wong, Minister for Climate Change and Water and Hon Peter Garrett MP, Minister for the Environment, Heritage and the Arts, 13 May 2008, p. 121. 

[10]      Department of Climate Change, Submission 11, p.1.

[11]      Department of Climate Change, Submission 11, p.1.

[12]      Labor's 2020 target for a renewable energy future, Election 2007 Policy Document, Kevin Rudd MP Federal Labor Leader, Peter Garrett MP Shadow Minister for Climate Change, Environment and Heritage and Senator Chris Evans, Shadow Minister for National development, Resources and Energy, October 2007, p. 10.

Chapter 2

[1]        Senator Allison, Second Reading Speech, Proof Hansard, 14 August 2007, p. 29.

[2]        Ibid.

[3]        Information available at: http://www.csiro.au/org/ps18.html  accessed on 10 April 2008.

[4]        Adjunct Professor Alan Pears, Submission 4, p. 2.

[5]        Information available at: http://www.iea.org/Textbase/subjectqueries/keyresult.asp?KEYWORD_ID=4122, accessed on 19 May 2008.

[6]        International Energy Agency, Promoting Energy Efficiency Investments – Case Studies in the Residential Sector, Executive Summary, 2008, available at: http://www.iea.org/Textbase/publications/free_new_Desc.asp?PUBS_ID=2009, accessed on 19 May 2008.

[7]        Information available at: http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/newsroom_and_speeches/press/2006/press_stern_06.cfm accessed on 19 May 2008.

[8]        Australian Conservation Foundation, Submission 13, p. 2.

[9]        Australian Conservation Foundation, Submission 13, p. 2.

[10]      Origin Energy, Submission 7, p. 4.

[11]      Green Building Council of Australia, Submission 6, p. 4.

[12]      Adjunct Professor Alan Pears, Submission 4, p. 1.

[13]      Adjunct Professor Alan Pears, Proof Hansard, 12 May 2008, p. 37.

[14]      Information available at: http://www.mckinsey.com/mgi/publications/Investing_Energy_Productivity/index.asp accessed on 19 May 2008.

[15]      Adjunct Professor Alan Pears, Submission 4, p. 1.

[16]      Green Building Council Australia, Submission 6, p. 3.

[17]      Mr Mark Lister, Szencorp, Proof Hansard, 12 May 2008, p. 3.

[18]      Mr Mark Lister, Szencorp, Proof Hansard, 12 May 2008, p. 3.

[19]      Green Building Council of Australia, Submission 6, p. 2.

[20]      Szencorp, Submission 8, p. 2.

[21]      Green Building Council Australia, Submission 6, p. 2.

[22]      Green Building Council Australia, Submission 6, p. 3.

[23]      Budget statement on Climate Change, the economy and the environment by Senator The Honourable Penny Wong, Minister for Climate Change and Water and The Honourable Peter Garrett MP, Minister for the Environment, Heritage and the Arts, 13 May 2008, p. 23. 

[24]      Szencorp, Submission 8, pp 1–2.

[25]      Szencorp, Submission 8, p. 2.

[26]      M. Hinostroza et al. Potentials and barriers for end-use energy efficiency under programmatic CDM, CD4CDM Working Paper Series, Working Paper No.3 September 2007 draft, p. 33.

[27]      Mr Mark Lister, Szencorp, Proof Hansard, 12 May 2008, p. 2.

[28]      Ibid.

[29]      Ibid., p. 4.

[30]      Mr Robert Jackson, Clean Energy Council, Proof Hansard, 12 May 2008, p. 33.

[31]      Adjunct Professor Alan Pears, Submission 4, p. 2.

[32]      McLennan Magasanik Associates, Report to Sustainable Energy Authority Victoria, National Energy Efficiency Target, 23 August 2004, p. 5.

[33]      The Allen consulting Group, Economic Impacts of a National Energy Efficiency Target, Simulations Using the Monash MMRF-Green Model, April 2004, p. vi.

[34]      Productivity Commission Inquiry Report, The Private Cost Effectiveness of Improving Energy Efficiency, Australian Government Productivity Commission, 31 August 2005, p. 310.

[35]      The University of NSW, Centre for Energy and Environmental Markets, Submission 9, p. 1.

[36]      Mr Tim Kelly, Submission 15, p. 1.

[37]      Mr Mark Lister, Szencorp, Proof Hansard, 12 May 2008, p. 3.

[38]      Mr Mark Lister, Szencorp, Proof Hansard, 12 May 2008, p. 3.

[39]      Mr Mark Lister, Szencorp, Proof Hansard, 12 May 2008, p. 6.

[40]      Mr Robert Jackson, Clean Energy Council, Proof Hansard, 12 May 2008, p. 35.

[41]      Mr Peter Haenke, Origin Energy, Proof Hansard, 12 May 2008, p. 16.

[42]      Mr Peter Haenke, Origin Energy, Proof Hansard, 12 May 2008, p. 19.

[43]      Adjunct Professor Alan Pears, Proof Hansard, 12 May 2008, p. 37.

[44]      Origin Energy, Submission 7, p. 8.

[45]      National Market Driven Energy Efficiency Target Bill 2007 [2008], p. 24.

[46]      Origin Energy, Submission 7, p. 8.

[47]      Adjunct Professor Alan Pears, Proof Hansard, 12 May 2008, p. 41.

[48]      Origin Energy, Submission 7, p. 4.

[49]      NSW Government Department of Water and Energy, Transitional arrangements for the NSW Greenhouse Gas Reduction Scheme Consultation paper, April 2008, p. i.

[50]      Information available at: http://www.greenhousegas.nsw.gov.au/ accessed on 16 April 2008.

[51]      Parliament of Victoria, Environment and Natural Resources Committee, Inquiry into the energy services industry, June 2006, p. 152.

[52]      UNSW, Centre for Energy and Environmental Markets, CEEM Submission to the Consultation paper for the SA Residential Energy Efficiency Scheme, April 2008, p. 2.

[53]      NSW Government Department of Water and Energy, Transitional arrangements for the NSW Greenhouse Gas Reduction Scheme Consultation paper, April 2008, p. 1.

[54]      NSW department of Water and Energy, Transitional arrangements for the NSW Greenhouse Gas Reduction Scheme: Consultation paper, April 2008, p. 1.

[55]      Victorian Parliamentary Hansard, 1 November 2007, p. 3796.

[56]      Victorian Energy Efficiency Target Act 2007, p. 5.

[57]      Information available at: http://www.esc.vic.gov.au/public/VEET accessed on 16 April 2008.

[58]      Information available at: http://www.esc.vic.gov.au/public/VEET accessed on 16 April 2008.

[59]      Victorian Parliamentary Hansard, 1 November 2007, p. 3796

[60]      Szencorp, Submission 8, p. 6.

[61]      Information available at: http://www.dtei.sa.gov.au/energy/government_programs/REES.html accessed on 21 April 2008.

[62]      Mr Peter Haenke, Origin Energy, Proof Hansard, 12 May 2008, p. 17.

[63]      Adjunct Professor Alan Pears, Proof Hansard, 12 May 2008, p. 37 and p. 39.

[64]      Adjunct Professor Alan Pears, Proof Hansard, 12 May 2008, p. 39.

[65]      P. Bertoldi and S. Rezessy, Tradable Certificates for Energy savings (White Certificates) – Theory and Practice-, European Commission Directorate-General Joint Research Centre, 2006, p. 35.

[66]      Information available at: http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/documents/gta/guide_action_chap4_s1.pdf accessed on        29 April 2008.

[67]      Information available at: http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/documents/gta/guide_action_chap4_s1.pdf accessed on        29 April 2008.

[68]      Mr Mark Lister, Szencorp, Proof Hansard, 12 May 2008, p. 8.

[69]      I. MacGill and H. Outhread,  The University of NSW School of Electrical Engineering, Electricity Restructuring Group, Energy Efficiency Certificate Trading and the NSW Greenhouse Benchmarks Scheme, Draft ERGO discussion paper, April 2003, p. 23.

[70]      Mr Mark Lister, Szencorp, Proof Hansard, 12 May 2008, p. 4.

[71]      Mr Mark Lister, Szencorp, Proof Hansard, 12 May 2008, p. 5.

[72]      I. MacGill et al, ' Some design lessons from market-based greenhouse gas regulation in the restructured Australian electricity industry', Energy Policy 34 (2006), p. 22.

[73]      MacGill et al, 'Some design lessons from market-based greenhouse gas regulation in the restructured Australian electricity industry', Energy Policy 34 (2006) p. 22.

[74]      Mr Peter Haenke, Origin Energy, Proof Hansard, 12 May 2008, p. 16.

[75]      Ibid., p. 17.

[76]      Ibid.

[77]      Ibid, p. 19.

[78]      Ibid., p. 20.

[79]      Mr Mark Lister, Szencorp, Proof Hansard, 12 May 2008, p. 7.

[80]      Mr Peter Haenke, Origin Energy, Proof Hansard, 12 May 2008, p. 21.

[81]      Adjunct Professor Alan Pears, Proof Hansard, 12 May 2008, p. 37 and p. 38.

[82]      Ibid., pp 39–40.

[83]      Ibid., p. 40.

[84]      Ibid., p. 42.

[85]      Origin Energy, Submission 7, pp 11–12.

[86]      P. Bertoldi and T. Huld, 'Tradable certificates for renewable electricity and energy savings', Energy Policy 34 (2006) pp 212–222.

[87]      UNSW, Centre for Energy and Environmental Markets, Review of Market-based Schemes to Drive Energy Efficiency, January 2008, p. 7.

[88]      Australian Government Productivity Commission, The Private Cost Effectiveness of Improving Energy Efficiency, 31 August 2005, p. 318.

[89]      Australian Government Productivity Commission, The Private Cost Effectiveness of Improving Energy Efficiency, 31 August 2005, p. 318.

[90]      Adjunct Professor Alan Pears, Proof Hansard, 12 May 2008, p. 38.

[91]      Origin Energy, Submission 7, p. 2.

[92]      TRUenergy, Submission 12, p. 4.

[93]      Ergon Energy, Submission 11, p. 2.

[94]      Department of Climate Change, Submission 17, p. 1.

[95]      Ergon Energy, Submission 11, p. 2.

[96]      Energy Retailers Association of Australia Incorporated, Submission 10, p. 2.

[97]      Mr Peter Haenke, Origin Energy, Proof Hansard, 12 May 2008, p. 16.

[98]      Origin Energy, Submission 7, p. 2.

[99]      New Zealand Government, New Zealand Energy Efficiency and Conservation Strategy, October 2007. 

[100]    Information available at http://www.eeca.govt.nz/about/national-strategy/index.html, accessed on 16 April 2008.

[101]    Senator the Hon Penny Wong, Minister for Climate Change and Water, Climate Change: A Responsibility Agenda, Speech to the Australian Industry Group Luncheon, 6 February 2008.

[102]    Adjunct Professor Alan Pears, Submission 4, p. 2.

[103]    Garnaut Climate Change Review Interim Report To The Commonwealth, State and Territory Governments of Australia, February 2008, p. 48.

[104]    House of Representatives Hansard, 4 April 2008, p. 28.

[105]    Janet Stanley, Climate Change: The Opportunities and Costs of Carbon Pricing and Trading. Just Policy, No. 46, December 2007, p. 62.

[106]    World Energy Council, Energy Efficiency Policies around the World: Review and Evaluation, 2008, p. 79.

[107]    O. Langniss and b. Praetorius, 'How much market do market-based instruments create? An analysis for the case of "white" certificates', Energy Policy 34 (2006), p. 202.

[108]    New Zealand Government. New Zealand Energy Efficiency and Conservation Strategy, October 2007, p. 24.

[109]    Mr Brazier, Submission 1, p. 3.

[110]    Hydro Tasmania, Submission 2, p. 1.

Chapter 3

[1]        Explanatory Memorandum, p. 1.

[2]        Senator Allison, Second Reading Speech, Senate Hansard, 14 February 2008, p. 345.

[3]        Explanatory Memorandum, p. 1.

[4]        Explanatory Memorandum, p. 1.

[5]        Explanatory Memorandum, p. 1; Renewable Energy Legislation Amendment (Power Percentage) Bill 2008, p. 2.

[6]        Renewable Energy (Electricity) Regulations 2001, para. 23.

[7]        Senator Chris Evans, Securing a Sustainable Energy Supply for Australia's Future, Election 2007 policy document, p. 7.

[8]        Kevin Rudd MP Rudd and Peter Garrett MP, ALP Media Release, Federal Labor's 20 Per Cent by 2020 Renewable Energy Target, http://www.alp.org.au/media/1007/msCCloo300.php, 30 October 2007.

[9]        Senator the Hon. Penny Wong, Additional Budget Estimates, Senate Standing Committee on Finance and Public Administration, Senate Hansard, Friday 22 February 2008, pp 49–50.

[10]      Kevin Rudd MP and Peter Garrett MP, ALP media Release, Federal Labor's  20 Per Cent by 2020 Renewable Energy Target, http://www.alp.org.au/media/1007/msCCloo300.php,            30 October 2007.

[11]      Budget 2008-09, Ministerial Statement, Climate Change, the Economy, the Environment, Chapter 4, https://www.aph.gov.au/budget/2008-09/content/ministerial_statements/html/climate_change-05.htm#P259_37068, accessed 14 May 2008.

[12]      Labor Fact Sheet, Renewable Energy Fund available at: http://www.alp.org.au/download/now/renewable_energy_factsheet_campaign_launch.pdf, accessed on 27 March 2008.

[13]      Labor's 2020 target for a renewable energy future, Election 2007 Policy Document, Kevin Rudd MP, Peter Garrett MP and Senator Chris Evans, October 2007, p. 4.

[14]      Renewable Energy (Electricity) Regulations 2001.

[15]      Australian Greenhouse Office, Map of operating renewable energy generators in Australia, http://www.agso.gov.au/renewable/, accessed 12 May 2008.

[16]      Mr Matt Brazier, Submission 3, p. 1.

[17]      Energy in Australia 2008, Australian Government Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism, February 2008, p. 52.

[18]      Michael Pelly, 'Renewables get a second wind from Labor', The Australian, 7 April 2008, p. 31.

[19]      Dr Andrew Lothian, Submission 2, p. 2.

[20]      Department of Climate Change, Mandatory Renewable Energy Target, http://www.greenhouse.gov.au/renewabletarget/legislation.html, accessed 7 April 2008.

[21]      Department of Climate Change, 20% Renewable Energy Target, http://www.greenhouse.gov.au/renewabletarget/index.html, accessed 7 April 2008.

[22]      Senator Eggleston, Proof Hansard, 12 May 2008, p. E4.

[23]      Mr Mark Lister, Szencorp Sustainable Development, Proof Hansard, 12 May 2008, p. E4

[24]      Senate Standing Committee on Finance and Public Administration, Answer to Question on Notice, Department of Climate Change, Hansard p. F & PA 38, CC11.

[25]      Department of Climate Change, 20% Renewable Energy Target, http://www.greenhouse.gov.au/renewabletarget/index.html, accessed 7 April 2008.

[26]      Garnaut Climate Change Review Interim Report To The Commonwealth, State and Territory Governments of Australia, February 2008, p. 51.

[27]      Matthew Warren, 'Time to price carbon', Weekend Australian, 29 March 2008, p. 1.

[28]      SOLCO, Submission 6, p. 1.

[29]      Office of the Renewable Energy regulator, Fact Sheet Mandatory renewable Energy Target Overview Version 2 as updated in February 2008 available at http://www.orer.gov.au/publications/pubs/mret-overview-feb08.pdf  accessed on 26 March 2008.

[30]      Department of Parliamentary Library, Bills Digest No. 109 2005-06, Renewable Energy (Electricity) Amendment Bill 2006, 27 March 2006, p. 3.

[31]      Department of Parliamentary Library, Bills Digest No. 109 2005-06, Renewable Energy (Electricity) Amendment Bill 2006, 27 March 2006, p. 3.

[32]      Office of the Renewable Energy regulator, Fact Sheet Mandatory renewable Energy Target Overview Version 2 as updated in February 2008 accessed at http://www.orer.gov.au/publications/pubs/mret-overview-feb08.pdf   on 26 March 2008. 

[33]      Department of Parliamentary Library, Bills Digest No. 109 2005-06, Renewable Energy (Electricity) Amendment Bill 2006, 27 March 2006, p. 3.

[34]      A Review of the Operation of the Renewable Energy (Electricity) Act 2000, Renewable Opportunities Wider Impacts of the MRET Measure, Chapter 3, G. Tambling, 2003, p. 32.

[35]      A Review of the Operation of the Renewable Energy (Electricity) Act 2000, Renewable Opportunities Wider Impacts of the MRET Measure, Chapter 3, G. Tambling, 2003, p. 33

[36]      A Review of the Operation of the Renewable Energy (Electricity) Act 2000, Renewable Opportunities Wider Impacts of the MRET Measure, Chapter 3, G. Tambling, 2003, p. 34.

[37]      Department of Parliamentary Library, Bills Digest No. 109 2005-06, Renewable Energy (Electricity) Amendment Bill 2006, 27 March 2006, p. 5.

[38]      Mr Blair Comley, Deputy Secretary, Department of Climate Change, Additional Budget Estimates, Senate Standing Committee on Finance and Public Administration, Friday 22 February 2008, p. 54.

[39]      Mr Kevin Cox, Submission 1, p. 2

[40]      Mr Kevin Cox, Submission 1, p. 2

[41]      Mr Kevin Cox, Submission 1, p. 2.

[42]      Election 2007 Policy Document, Kevin Rudd MP, Peter Garrett MP and Senator Chris Evans, Labor's 2020 target for a renewable energy future, October 2007, p. 14.

[43]      Senator the Hon Penny Wong, Speech to the Australian Industry Group Luncheon, 6 February 2008, 'Climate Change: A Responsibility Agenda', p. 10.

[44]      Additional Budget Estimates, Senate Standing Committee on Finance and Public Administration, Friday 22 February 2008, p. 51.

[45]      Dr Martin Parkinson, Secretary, Department of Climate Change, Additional Budget Estimates, Senate Standing Committee on Finance and Public Administration, Friday 22 February 2008,  p. 52.

[46]      Budget 2008-09, Ministerial Statement, Climate Change, the Economy, the Environment, Chapter 4, https://www.aph.gov.au/budget/2008-09/content/ministerial_statements/html/climate_change-05.htm#P259_37068, accessed 14 May 2008.

[47]      Information available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feed-in_Tariff, accessed on 10 April 2008.

[48]      COAG meeting outcomes available at http://www.coag.gov.au/meetings/260308/index.htm accessed on 27 March 2008.

[49]      Labor's 2020 target for a renewable energy future, Election 2007 Policy Document, Kevin Rudd MP, Peter Garrett MP and Senator Chris Evans, October 2007, p. 16.

[50]      Kevin Cox, Submission 1, p. 1.

[51]      SOLCO, Submission 6, p. 1.

[52]      Mr Justin Wood, Submission 7, p. 5.

[53]      Conergy Pty Limited, Submission 9, p. 1.

[54]      Greenbank Australia Pty Ltd, Submission 4, pp 1–2.

[55]      Mr Robert Jackson, Clean Energy Council, Proof Hansard, 12 May 2008, p. E34.

[56]      Mr John Wayland, Greenbank Australia Pty Ltd, Proof Hansard, 12 May 2008, p. E31.

[57]      Ms Fiona O'Hehir, Greenbank Australia Pty Ltd, Proof Hansard, 12 May 2008, p. E26.

[58]      Greenbank Australia Pty Ltd, Submission 4, p. 1

[59]      Doctors for the Environment, Submission 5, pp 1–2.

[60]      Mr Rob Young, ExxonMobil, Proof Hansard, 12 May 2008, p. E10.

[61]      Dr Brian Fisher, Private Capacity, Proof Hansard, 12 May 2008, p. E11

[62]      ExxonMobil, Submission 8, p. 2.

[63]      Dr Brian Fisher, Private Capacity, Proof Hansard, 12 May 2008, pp E13-14.

[64]      Mr Matt Brazier, Submission 3, pp 2–3.

[65]      ExxonMobil, Submission 8, p. 4.

[66]      ExxonMobil, Submission 8, p. 3.

[67]      Mr Robert Jackson, Clean Energy Council, Proof Hansard, 12 May 2008, p. E32.

[68]      Department of Climate Change, Submission 11, p. 2.

[69]      Department of Climate Change, Submission 11, p. 2.

[70]      Department of Climate Change, About the ETS, http://www.greenhouse.gov.au/emissionstrading/about.html, accessed 8 May 2008.