Chapter 1

[1]        Journals of the Senate, 13 October 2016, pp. 330–331. 

[2]        Journals of the Senate, 19 June 2017, p. 1472; and 4 September 2017, p. 1816.

Chapter 2 - Fair work

[1]        Fair Work Act 2009, s. 3(f).

[2]        See www.fairwork.gov.au/about-us/legislation/the-fair-work-system (accessed 4 July 2017).

[3]        See www.fairwork.gov.au/about-us/legislation/the-fair-work-system (accessed 4 July 2017).

[4]        See www.fairwork.gov.au/employee-entitlements/national-employment-standards (accessed 4 July 2017).

[5]        See 'National Employment Standards', Fair Work Commission, available at: www.fwc.gov.au/awards-and-agreements/minimum-wages-conditions/national-employment-standards (accessed 14 July 2017).

[6]        See www.fwc.gov.au/awards-and-agreements (accessed 16 July 2017).

[7]        See www.fwc.gov.au/awards-and-agreements (accessed 16 July 2017).

[8]        Fair Work Act 2009, ss. 193(1).

[9]        See www.fwc.gov.au/awards-and-agreements (accessed 14 July 2017).

[10]      For a list of modern awards, see the Fair Work Commission website at: www.fwc.gov.au/awards-and-agreements/awards/modern-awards/modern-awards-list (accessed 4 July 2017).

[11]      See www.fwc.gov.au/disputes-at-work/how-the-commission-works (accessed 14 July 2017).

[12]      See www.fwc.gov.au/disputes-at-work/how-the-commission-works (accessed 14 July 2017).

[13]      See www.fwc.gov.au/disputes-at-work/how-the-commission-works (accessed 14 July 2017).

[14]      See www.fwc.gov.au/disputes-at-work/how-the-commission-works (accessed 14 July 2017).

[15]      See www.fwc.gov.au/about-us/national-workplace-relations-system (accessed 14 July 2017).

[16]      Fair Work Ombudsman, Compliance and enforcement policy, July 2017, p. 10.

[17]      Fair Work Ombudsman, Compliance and enforcement policy, July 2017, p. 13.

[18]      www.federalcircuitcourt.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/fccweb/home (accessed 30 August 2017).

[19]      Australian Council of Trade Unions, Submission 182, p. 4.

Chapter 3 - Employers undermining collective bargaining

[56]         'Fall in collective agreements blamed on union coverage', The Australian, 1 June 2017.

[58]      AMWU v Cochlear Limited [2012] FWA 5374.

Chapter 4 - Saving the silver: termination of enterprise agreements

[1]        Australian Manufacturing Workers' Union (Western Australian branch), Submission 154, p. 2.

[2]        Department of Employment, Submission 149, p. 5.

[3]        Section 226, Fair Work Act 2009.

[4]        See Tahmoor Coal Pty Ltd [2010] FWA 646.

[5]        See Aurizon Operations Limited: Aurizon Network Pty Ltd; Australia Eastern Railroad Pty Ltd [2015] FWCFB 540.

[6]        Cited in Australian Council of Trade Unions, Submission182, p. 14.

[7]        Queensland Council of Unions, Submission 205, p. 14. "Aurizon" refers to Aurizon Operations Limited, Aurizon Network Pty Ltd and Australia Eastern Railroad Pty Ltd.

[8]        Australian Council of Trade Unions, Submission 182, p. 15.

[9]        AMWU (WA branch), Submission 154, p. 3.

[10]      ACTU, Submission 182, p. 15.

[11]      Queensland Council of Unions, Submission 205, p. 14.

[12]      ACTU, Submission 182, p. 15.

[13]      Queensland Council of Unions, Submission 205, p. 14.

[14]      Mr Michael Murray, Member for Collie-Preston, Western Australian Parliament, Proof Committee Hansard, 3 February 2017, p. 5.

[15]      AMWU (WA branch), Submission 154, p. 3.

[17]      AMWU (WA branch), Submission 154, p. 3.

[18]      It must be noted that Griffin Coal offered to continue to pay workers at 40 per cent above the award until March 2017; see Griffin Coal, Submission 118, p. 3. Negotiations however continued with the threat of being returned to the award hanging over workers.

[19]      AMWU (WA branch), Submission 154, p. 3.

[20]      ACTU, Submission 182, p. 16.

[21]      Griffin Coal, Submission 118, p. 2.

[22]      Griffin Coal, Submission 118, p. 2.

[23]      Griffin Coal, Submission 118, p. 2.

[24]      Griffin Coal, Submission 118, p. 2.

[25]      Griffin Coal Mining Company, Submission 118, p. 2.

[26]      Griffin Coal, Submission 118, p. 3.

[27]      AMWU (WA branch), Submission 154, p. 2.

[28]      AMWU (WA branch), Submission 154, p. 4.

[29]      AMWU (WA branch), Submission 154, p. 4.

[30]      See discussion with Mr Terry Gray, Chief Operating Officer, Griffin Coal Mining Company Pty Ltd, Proof Committee Hansard, 6 February 2017, p. 12.

[31]      Mr Brett Pernich, Proof Committee Hansard, 3 February 2017, p. 9.

[32]      Mr Brett Pernich, Submission 172, p. 1.

[33]      Mr Brett Pernich, Submission 172, p. 1.

[34]      Mr Paul Beauglehole, Submission 169, p. 1.

[35]      See www.watoday.com.au/wa-news/parent-company-of-collie-miner-griffin-coal-put-into-administration-20170505-gvz31b.html (accessed 11 July 2017).

[36]      See www.sbs.com.au/news/article/2017/05/05/collie-wa-mine-owners-receivership (accessed 11 July 2017).

[37]      Parmalat Echuca AMWU and ETU members, Submission 201, pp. 1–2.

[38]      Parmalat Echuca AMWU and ETU members, Submission 201, p. 2.

[39]      Parmalat Australia Pty Ltd, Submission 211, p. 3.

[40]      Parmalat Echuca AMWU and ETU members, Submission 201, p. 2.

[41]      Parmalat Echuca AMWU and ETU members, Submission 201, p. 2.

[42]      Parmalat Echuca AMWU and ETU members, Submission 201, p. 3.

[43]      Parmalat Echuca AMWU and ETU members, Submission 201, p. 3.

[44]      Mr Richard Owen, Chairman, ExxonMobil Australia Group of Companies, Proof Committee Hansard, 15 March 2017, p. 5.

[45]      See Mr Ben Davis, Secretary, Australian Workers' Union Victoria, Proof Committee Hansard, 15 March 2017, p. 32, and Mr Richard Owen, Chairman, ExxonMobil Australia Group of Companies, Proof Committee Hansard, 15 March 2017, p. 5.

[46]      Australian Workers' Union Victorian Branch, Submission 193, p. 4.

[47]      'Emergency intervention in Esso work dispute to avoid gas and power crisis', The Sydney Morning Herald, 2 December 2016, available at: http://www.smh.com.au/business/workplace-relations/emergency-intervention-in-esso-work-dispute-to-avoid-gas-and-power-crisis-20161201-gt2d0z.html (accessed 6 September 2017).

[48]      Griffin Coal, Submission 118, p. 3.

[49]      ACTU, Submission 182, p. 15.

[50]      See for example Mr Mick Murray MLA, Member for Collie-Preston, Submission 166, p. 3.

[51]      Mr Jay Scoffern, Submission 168, p. 1.

[52]      House v The King (1936) 55 CLR.

[53]      Mr Timothy Kucera, Turner Freeman Lawyers, acting for AMWU, Proof Committee Hansard, 3 February 2017, p. 17.

[54]      See discussion in Proof Committee Hansard, 3 February 2017, p. 17.

[55]      ACTU, Submission 182, p. 15.

[56]      Griffin Coal, Submission 118.

[57]      Mr Terry Gray, Chief Operating Officer, Griffin Coal, Proof Committee Hansard, 6 February 2017, p. 2.

[58]      See www.sbs.com.au/news/article/2017/05/05/collie-wa-mine-owners-receivership (accessed 18 July 2017).

[59]      Mr Ben Davis, Secretary, Australian Workers' Union Victoria, Proof Committee Hansard, 15 March 2017, p. 32.

[60]      AMWU (WA), Submission 154, p. 7.

Chapter 5 - Labour hire

[1]        Construction, Forestry, Mining and Energy Union, Submission 200, p. 3.

[2]        Australasian Meat Industry Employees' Union, Submission 158, p. 3.

[3]        Australian Council of Trade Unions, Submission 182, p. 4.

[4]        Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Submission 148, p. 7.

[5]        Productivity Commission, Workplace Relations Framework, Final Report, 2015, p. 801.

[6]        ACCI, Submission 148, p. 8.

[7]        ACTU, Submission 182, p. 8.

[8]        ACCI, Submission 148, p. 8.

[9]        ACTU, Submission 182, p. 9.

[10]      CFMEU, Submission 200, p. 4.

[11]      Mr Michael Nguyen, National Research Officer, Australian Manufacturing Workers' Union, Proof Committee Hansard, 15 March 2017, p. 6.

[12]      ACTU, Submission 182, p. 8.

[13]      ACTU, Submission 182, p. 5.

[14]      ACTU, Submission 182, p. 11.

[15]      ACTU, Submission 182, p. 8.

[16]      ACTU, Submission 182, p. 10.

[17]      ACTU, Submission 182, p. 8.

[18]      ACTU, Submission 182, p. 10; Inquiry into the Labour Hire Industry and Insecure Work, final report and government response available at http://economicdevelopment.vic.gov.au/inquiry-into-the-labour-hire-industry

[19]      ACTU, Submission 182, p. 11.

[20]      Legal Aid NSW, Submission 167, p. 4.

[21]      CFMEU, Submission 200, pp. 5–6.

[22]      CFMEU, Submission 200, p. 6. The FWA provides access to procedural fairness for employees.

[23]      Legal Aid NSW, Submission 167, p. 4.

[24]      Australasian Meat Industry Employees' Union, Submission 158, p. 3.

[25]      Needless death of young girl on Finbar site, CFMEU, https://wa.cfmeu.org.au/news/needless-death-young-girl-finbar-site (accessed 1 August 2017).

[26]      Queensland Council of Unions, Submission 206, p. 3.

[27]      Carlton & United Breweries, Submission 156, [p. 3].

[28]      Electrical Trades Union of Australia, Submission 197, [p. 16].

[29]      Mr Alan Dinon, Member, Victorian Branch, Electrical Trades Union, Proof Committee Hansard, 15 March 2017, p. 8.

[30]      See discussion with CUB, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 May 2017, pp. 3–4.

[31]      ETU (Victorian Branch), Submission 184, p. 6.

[32]      See discussion with CUB, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 May 2017, p. 4.

[33]      ETU, Submission 197, [p. 16].

[34]      ETU, Submission 197, [p. 16]. The use of small, unrepresentative voting cohorts to secure enterprise agreements is discussed in Chapter 3.

[35]      ETU, Submission 197, [p. 16].

[36]      AMWU, Submission 196, p. 15.

[37]      ETU (Victorian Branch), Submission 184, pp. 3­–4.

[38]      Diary excerpt, p. 1, tabled 18 May 2017. See discussion, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 May 2018, pp. 5–6.

[39]      See discussion with Mr Sebastian Siccita, Abbotsford Plant Manager, Carlton & United Breweries, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 May 2017, p. 5.

[40]      Mr Craig Katerberg, Vice President, Legal and Corporate Affairs, Carlton & United Breweries, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 May 2017, p. 5.

[41]      See discussion with Mr Sebastian Siccita, Abbotsford Plant Manager, Carlton & United Breweries, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 May 2017, pp. 5–6.

[42]      Mr Craig Katerberg, Vice President, Legal and Corporate Affairs, Carlton & United Breweries, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 May 2017, p. 2.

[43]      Ms Claire Lewis, Organiser, National Union of Workers, Proof Committee Hansard, 15 March 2017, p. 17.

[44]      Mr Daniel Draicchio, Member, NUW, Proof Committee Hansard, 15 March 2017, p. 18. 

[45]      Mr Dario Mujkic, Industrial Officer, NUW, Proof Committee Hansard, 15 March 2017, p. 19.

[46]      See Oxford Cold Storage, additional information, 7 April 2017.

[47]      Australian Industry Group, Submission 179, p. 4.

[48]      Ai Group, Submission 179, p. 4.

[49]      Mr Andrew Cameron, Chief Executive Officer, Recruitment and Consulting Services Association, Proof Committee Hansard, 15 March 2017, p. 40.

[50]      Mr Andrew Cameron, Chief Executive Officer, Recruitment and Consulting Services Association, Proof Committee Hansard, 15 March 2017, p. 41.

[51]      Mr Andrew Cameron, Chief Executive Officer, Recruitment and Consulting Services Association, Proof Committee Hansard, 15 March 2017, p. 41.

[52]      Mr Andrew Cameron, Chief Executive Officer, Recruitment and Consulting Services Association, Proof Committee Hansard, 15 March 2017, p. 42.

[53]      AMWU, Submission 196, p. 14.

Chapter 6 - Wage theft

[1]        Mr Giridharan Sivaraman, Principal, Maurice Blackburn Lawyers, Proof Committee Hansard, 20 April 2017, p. 5.

[2]        Mr Giridharan Sivaraman, Principal, Maurice Blackburn Lawyers, Proof Committee Hansard, 20 April 2017, p. 5.

[3]        Mr Brett Edgington, Secretary, Ballarat Regional Trades and Labour Council, Proof Committee Hansard, 14 March 2017, p. 2.

[4]        Mr Brett Edgington, Secretary, Ballarat Regional Trades and Labour Council, Proof Committee Hansard, 14 March 2017, p. 2.

[5]        Fair Work Ombudsman, National Hospitality Industry Campaign 2012–15, available at: www.fairwork.gov.au/how-we-will-help/helping-thecommunity/campaigns/campaign-reports (accessed 25 July 2017).

[6]        Fair Work Ombudsman, National Hospitality Industry Campaign 2012–15.

[7]        Fair Work Ombudsman, National Hospitality Industry Campaign 2012–15.

[8]        Fair Work Ombudsman, National Hospitality Industry Campaign 2012–15.

[9]        Fair Work Ombudsman, National Hospitality Industry Campaign 2012–15.

[10]      Mr Brett Edgington, Secretary, Ballarat Regional Trades and Labour Council, Proof Committee Hansard, 14 March 2017, p. 3.

[11]      Mr Brett Edgington, Secretary, Ballarat Regional Trades and Labour Council, Proof Committee Hansard, 14 March 2017, p. 6.

[12]      Mr Brett Edgington, Secretary, Ballarat Regional Trades and Labour Council, Proof Committee Hansard, 14 March 2017, p. 6.

[13]      Mr Brett Edgington, Secretary, Ballarat Regional Trades and Labour Council, Proof Committee Hansard, 14 March 2017, p. 6.

[14]      Mr Brett Edgington, Secretary, Ballarat Regional Trades and Labour Council, Proof Committee Hansard, 14 March 2017, p. 6.

[15]      Mr Orry Pilven, Proof Committee Hansard, 14 March 2017, p. 7.

[16]      Mr Orry Pilven, Proof Committee Hansard, 14 March 2017, p. 7.

[17]      Mr Kamal Bekhazi, Research and Project Officer, Health Workers Union, Proof Committee Hansard, 14 March 2017, p. 36.

[18]      Mr Brett Edgington, Secretary, Ballarat Regional Trades and Labour Council, Proof Committee Hansard, 14 March 2017, p. 6.

[19]      Mr Brett Edgington, Secretary, Ballarat Regional Trades and Labour Council, Proof Committee Hansard, 14 March 2017, p. 7.

[20]      Mr Brett Edgington, Secretary, Ballarat Regional Trades and Labour Council, Proof Committee Hansard, 14 March 2017, p. 7. It should be noted that the committee offered all employers who were the subject of adverse comment an opportunity to respond to any allegations made during the course of this inquiry.

[21]      See discussion with Commerce Ballarat, Proof Committee Hansard, 14 March 2017, pp. 45–49.

[22]      A national disgrace: the exploitation of temporary work visa holders, Senate Education and Employment References Committee, available at: www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Education_and_Employment/Completed_inquiries/2013-16 (accessed 25 July 2017).

[23]      Mr Allan Townsend, Industrial Relations Organiser, Australian Nursing and Midwifery Federation, Proof Committee Hansard, 14 March 2017, p. 4.

[24]      Mr Allan Townsend, Industrial Relations Organiser, Australian Nursing and Midwifery Federation, Proof Committee Hansard, 14 March 2017, p. 5.

[25]      Salvation Army, Submission 178, p. 8.

[26]      Australian Council of Trade Unions, Submission 182, p. 22.

[27]      Australian Council of Trade Unions, Submission 182, p. 22.

[28]      Mr Giridharan Sivaraman, Principal, Maurice Blackburn Lawyers, Proof Committee Hansard, 20 April 2017, p. 1.

[29]      Mr Giridharan Sivaraman, Principal, Maurice Blackburn Lawyers, Proof Committee Hansard, 20 April 2017, p. 2.

[30]      Survey by the University of Sydney Business School, available at: http://sydney.edu.au/business/news/2016/foreign_student_workers (accessed 25 July 2017).

[31]      Mr Giridharan Sivaraman, Principal, Maurice Blackburn Lawyers, Proof Committee Hansard, 20 April 2017, p. 5.

[32]      Taken to the cleaners: international students underpaid, exploited, available at: www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/backgroundbriefing/international-studentsexploited/7472384 (accessed 26 July 2017).

[33]      Mr Giridharan Sivaraman, Principal, Maurice Blackburn Lawyers, Proof Committee Hansard, 20 April 2017, p. 5.

[34]      ACTU, Submission 182, p. 22; United Voice, Submission 203, p. 36.

[35]      United Voice, Submission 203, p. 36.

[36]      United Voice, Submission 203, p. 36.

[37]      ACTU, Submission 182, p. 21.

[38]      ACTU, Submission 182, p. 21.

[39]      ACTU, Submission 182, p. 21.

[40]      United Voice, Submission 203, p. 36.

[41]      United Voice, Submission 203, p. 35.

[42]      See Senator the Hon Michaelia Cash, Coalition delivers on election commitment to protect migrant workers, media release, 4 October 2016, available at: https://ministers.employment.gov.au/cash/coalition-delivers-election-commitment-protect-migrant-workers (accessed 25 July 2017).

[43]      See www.smh.com.au/business/workplace-relations/about-28m-australians-get-underpaid-56b-worth-of-superannuation-inquiry-told-20170322-gv3mxm.html (accessed 6 September 2017).

[44]      See www.industrysuperaustralia.com/assets/Reports/Final-Unpaid-Super-January-2017.pdf , p.6, (accessed 6 September 2017).

[45]      See www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/apr/12/one-third-of-australians-are-being-underpaid-superannuation (accessed 6 September 2017).

[46]      Mr Glen Ludbrook, Principal Solicitor, Central Highlands Community Legal Centre, Proof Committee Hansard, 14 March 2017, p. 51.

[47]      Ms Natalie James, Fair Work Ombudsman, Fair Work Ombudsman, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 June 2017, p. 20.

[48]      Ms Natalie James, Fair Work Ombudsman, Fair Work Ombudsman, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 June 2017, p. 25.

[49]      http://www.federalcircuitcourt.gov.au/ , http://www.federalcourt.gov.au (accessed 6 September 2017).

[50]      Mr David Eden, Assistant Secretary, Health Workers Union, Proof Committee Hansard, 14 March 2017, p. 34.

[51]      Mr David Eden, Assistant Secretary, Health Workers Union, Proof Committee Hansard, 14 March 2017, pp. 35–36.

[52]      Mr David Eden, Assistant Secretary, Health Workers Union, Proof Committee Hansard, 14 March 2017, p. 36.

Chapter 7 - Sham contracting

[1]        The Electrical Trades Union of Australia, Submission 197, p. 14.

[2]        Construction, Forestry, Mining and Energy Union, Submission 200, p. 11.

[3]        On the prevalence of sham contracting see Maurice Blackburn Lawyers, Submission 157, p. 7. CFMEU, Submission 200, p. 11; Ballarat Regional Trades and Labour Council, Submission 186, p. 5.

[4]        CFMEU, Submission 200, p. 14.

[5]        CFMEU, Submission 200, p. 11.

[11]        United Voice, Submission  203, p. 10.

[12]      United Voice, Submission 203, p. 11.

[13]      Ms Jenny Lambert, Director, Education and training, Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 June 2017, p. 11. See also section 357, FWA.

[14]      CFMEU, Submission 200, p. 12.

[15]      CFMEU, Submission 200, p. 12.

[16]      Maurice Blackburn Lawyers, Submission 157, p. 8.

[17]      ETU, Submission 197, p. 15.

[18]      Maurice Blackburn Lawyers, Submission 157, p. 8.

[19]      National Union of Workers, Submission 198, p. 4.

[20]      NUW, Submission 198, p. 4.

[21]      NUW, Submission 198, p. 4.

[22]      NUW, Submission 198, p. 4.

[23]      See Maurice Blackburn Lawyers, Submission 157, p. 8.

[24]      Hollis v Vabu Pty Ltd  [2001] HCA 44.

[25]      Maurice Blackburn Lawyers, Submission 157, p. 8.

[26]      Ms Jenny Lambert, Director, Education and training, Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 June 2017, p. 11. See also section 357, FWA.

[27]      Ballarat Regional Trades and Labour Council, Submission 186, p. 5.

[28]      ETU, Submission 197, p. 15.

[29]      ETU, Submission 197, p. 15.

[30]      Construction, Forestry, Mining and Energy Union, Submission 200, p. 11.

[31]      CFMEU, Submission 200, p. 11.

[32]      Working arrangements in the building and construction industry, available at: www.abcc.gov.au/sites/g/files/net666/f/FWBC_Working%20arrangements%20in%20building%20and%20construction_research%20report_D..._0.pdf (accessed 24 July 2017).

[33]      CFMEU, Submission 200, p. 13.

[34]      CFMEU, Submission 200, p. 13.

[35]      CFMEU, Submission 200, pp. 13–14.

Chapter 8 - The gig economy: hyper flexibility or sham contracting?

[1]        Mr Steve Reynolds, Vice President of Marketing, Airtasker: www.campaignbrief.com/2016/09/airtasker-empowers-australians.html (accessed 26 April 2017).

[2]        UnionsNSW, Submission 180, p. 5.

[3]        Unions NSW, Submission 180, p. 4.

[4]        Innovation or Exploitation: Busting the Airtasker Myth, Unions NSW, available at: https://d3n8a8pro7vhmx.cloudfront.net/unionsnsw/pages/3135/attachments/original/1474529110/Unions_NSW_Report_into_Airtasker.pdf?1474529110 (accessed 19 July 2017).

[5]        Unions NSW, Submission 180, p. 5.

[6]        Unions NSW, Submission 180, p. 7.

[7]        Mr Thomas Costa, Assistant Secretary, UnionsNSW, Proof Committee Hansard, p. 16.

[8]        Young Workers Centre, Submission 190, p. 6.

[9]        Uber, Airtasker: new workd of work is not without problems, Australian Financial Review, 27 December 2016, available at: www.afr.com/business/uber-airtasker-new-world-of-work-is-not-without-problems-20161222-gtgjz2 (accessed 19 July 2017).

[10]      MR Giridharan Sivaraman, Principal, Maurice Blackburn Lawyers, Proof Committee Hansard, 20 April 2017, p. 6.

[11]      UnionsNSW, Submission 180, p. 8.

[12]      UnionsNSW, Submission 180, p. 8.

[13]      Young Workers Centre, Submission 190, p. 6.

[14]      UnionsNSW, Submission 180, p. 8; Young Workers Centre, Submission 190, p. 6.

[15]      UnionsNSW, Submission 180, p. 8.

[16]      Deliveroo, Submission 210, p. 1.

[17]      Deliveroo, Submission 210, p. 1.

[18]      Deliveroo, Submission 210, p. 2.

[19]      Ms Keelia Fitzpatrick, Coordinator, Young Workers Centre, Proof Committee Hansard, p. 54.

[20]      Ms Keelia Fitzpatrick, Coordinator, YWC, Proof Committee Hansard, p. 54.

[21]      Ms Keelia Fitzpatrick, Coordinator, YWC, Proof Committee Hansard, p. 55.

[22]      Ms Keelia Fitzpatrick, Coordinator, YWC, Proof Committee Hansard, p. 55.

[23]      Ms Alison Millward, Volunteer, YWC, Proof Committee Hansard, p. 56.

[24]      Deliveroo, Submission 210, p. 2.

[25]      YWC, Submission 190, p. 7.

[26]      Ms Keelia Fitzpatrick, Coordinator, YWC, Proof Committee Hansard, pp. 54–55.

[27]      Deliveroo, Submission 210, p. 2.

[28]      Deliveroo, Submission 210, p. 2.

[29]      See Deliveroo, Submission 210.

[30]      YWC, Submission 190, p. 16.

[31]      YWC, Submission 190, pp. 19–24.

[32]      Ms Alison Millward, Volunteer, YWC, Proof Committee Hansard, p. 57.

[33]      Innovation or Exploitation: Busting the Airtasker Myth, Unions NSW.

[34]      Australian Financial Review, Uber, Airtasker: new world of work is not without problems, 27 December 2016, www.afr.com/business/uber-airtasker-new-world-of-work-is-not-without-problems-20161222-gtgjz2 (accessed 5 September 2017).

[35]      www.airtasker.com (accessed 16 July 2017).

[36]      Mr Timothy Fung, Chief Executive Officer, Airtasker, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 April 2017, p. 1.

[37]      Innovation or Exploitation: Busting the Airtasker Myth, Unions NSW, p. 3.

[38]      Innovation or Exploitation: Busting the Airtasker Myth, Unions NSW, p. 3.

[39]      Mr Thomas Costa, Assistant Secretary, Unions NSW, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 April 2017, p. 16.

[40]      Airtasker sample post, available at: www.airtasker.com/tasks/ (accessed 20 July 2017).

[41]      Airtasker sample post, available at: www.airtasker.com/tasks/ (accessed 20 July 2017). See also Innovation or Exploitation: Busting the Airtasker Myth, UnionsNSW, p. 10.

[42]      Mr Timothy Fung, Chief Executive Officer, Airtasker, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 April 2017, p. 1.

[43]      Mr Timothy Fung, Chief Executive Officer, Airtasker, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 April 2017, p. 1.

[44]      Airtasker sample post, available at: www.airtasker.com/tasks/ (accessed 20 July 2017).

[45]      See Service New South Wales, available at: www.service.nsw.gov.au/transaction/esafety-checks-pink-slips (accessed 20 July 2017).

[46]      Airtasker sample post, available at: www.airtasker.com/tasks/ (accessed 20 July 2017).

[47]      Airtasker sample post, available at: www.airtasker.com/tasks/ (accessed 20 July 2017).

[48]      Innovation or Exploitation: Busting the Airtasker Myth, UnionsNSW, p. 6.

[49]      Mr Timothy Fung, Chief Executive Officer, Airtasker, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 April 2017, p. 5.

[50]      'People are auctioning off their children: Airtasker safety concerns, Sydney Morning Herald, 11 July 2017, available at: www.smh.com.au/small-business/startup/people-are-auctioning-off-their-children-airtasker-safety-concerns-20170710-gx84yx.html (accessed 19 July 2017).

[51]      'People are auctioning off their children: Airtasker safety concerns, Sydney Morning Herald, 11 July 2017.

[52]      'People are auctioning off their children: Airtasker safety concerns, Sydney Morning Herald, 11 July 2017.

[53]      Innovation or Exploitation: Busting the Airtasker Myth, UnionsNSW, p. 3.

[54]      Mr Timothy Fung, Chief Executive Officer, Airtasker, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 April 2017, p. 2.

[55]      This is a representative sample of tasks, available at: www.airtasker.com/tasks/ (accessed 20 July 2017).

[56]      Mr Thomas Costa, Assistant Secretary, Unions NSW, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 April 2017, p. 16.

[57]      K. Hume, 7 tasks a business never thinks to outsource but should, available at: www.first5000.com.au/blog/7-tasks-a-business-never-thinks-to-outsource-but-should/ (accessed 20 July 2017).

[58]      Mr Michael Nguyen, National Research Officer, Australian Manufacturing Workers' Union, Proof Committee Hansard, 15 March 2017, p. 6.

[59]      Deliveroo, Submission 210, p. 2.

[60]      Mr Timothy Fung, Chief Executive Officer, Airtasker, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 April 2017, p. 3.

[61]      Mr Timothy Fung, Chief Executive Officer, Airtasker, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 April 2017, p. 2.

[62]      As seen on www.airtasker.com/tasks/ (accessed 20 July 2017).

[63]      Mr Mark Morey, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 April 2017, p. 15.

[64]      Mr Andrew Cameron, Chief Executive Officer, Recruitment & Consulting Services Association, Proof Committee Hansard, 15 March 2017, p. 45.

[65]      Mr Thomas Costa, Assistant Secretary, UnionsNSW, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 April 2017, p. 15.

[66]      Ms Anna Patty, Airtasker and unions make landmark agreement to improve pay rates and conditions, Sydney Morning Herald, 1 May 2017, www.smh.com.au/business/workplace-relations/airtasker-and-unions-make-landmark-agreement-to-improve-pay-rates-and-conditions-20170427-gvtvpo.html (accessed 19 July 2017).

[67]      Ms Anna Patty, Airtasker and unions make landmark agreement to improve pay rates and conditions, Sydney Morning Herald, 1 May 2017.

[68]      J. Moyer-Lee, 'What everyone assumes about rights in the gig economy is wrong', The Guardian, available at: www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/mar/22/rights-gig-economy-self-employed-worker (accessed 19 July 2017).

[69]      Innovation or Exploitation: Busting the Airtasker Myth, UnionsNSW, p. 1.

[70]      Mr Timothy Fung, Chief Executive Officer, Airtasker, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 April 2017, p. 8.

Chapter 9 - Broader implications of corporate avoidance of the Fair Work Act

[1]        The Australia Institute, Labour Share of Australian GDP Hits All-Time Record Low, 13 June 2017, www.tai.org.au/sites/defualt/files/Labour_Share_Hits_Record_Low.pdf (accessed 28 July 2017).

[2]        The Australia Institute, Labour Share of Australian GDP Hits All-Time Record Low, 13 June 2017, p. 1.

[3]        The Australia Institute, Labour Share of Australian GDP Hits All-Time Record Low, 13 June 2017, p. 1.

[4]        The Australia Institute, Labour Share of Australian GDP Hits All-Time Record Low, 13 June 2017, p. 2.

[5]        The Australia Institute, Labour Share of Australian GDP Hits All-Time Record Low, 13 June 2017.

[6]        Reserve Bank boss Philip Lowe urges workers to push for pay rises, ABC news, 19 June 2017.

[7]        Emeritus Professor Dick Bryan, quoted in Reserve Bank boss Philip Lowe urges workers to push for pay rises, ABC news, 19 June 2017.

[8]        ACTU, Submission 182, p. 27.

[9]        OECD, In It Together: Why Less Inequality Benefits All, May 2015, www.oecd.org/social/in-it-together-why-less-inequality-benefits-all-9789264235120-en.htm (accessed 30 July 2017).

[10]      'Fall in collective agreements blamed on union coverage', The Australian, 1 June 2017.

[11]      National Union of Workers, Submission 198, p. 3.

[12]      National Union of Workers, Submission 198, p. 3.

[13]      Quoted in 'Tough rules on unions have stifled Australian wages', Sydney Morning Herald, 5 July 2017.

[14]      National Union of Workers, Submission 198, p. 1.

Coalition Senators' Dissenting Report

[1]        Department of Employment, Submission 149, p. 4.

[2]        [2017] FCAFC 53 per Dowsett and Rares JJ (at [99]-[100]).

[3]        Director, Fair Work Building Industry Inspectorate v Construction, Forestry, Mining and Energy Union [2016] FCA 772.

[4]        Director, Fair Work Building Industry Inspectorate v Construction, Forestry, Mining and Energy Union [2016] FCCA 1692.

[5]        Director, Fair Work Building Industry Inspectorate v Myles [2014] FCCA 1429.

[6]        The Hon. Julia Gillard MP, House of Representatives Hansard, 25 November 2008, p. 11189.

[7]        Department of Employment, Submission 149, p.10.

[8]        Department of Employment, Submission 149, p.11.

[9]        Department of Employment, Submission 149, p.4.

[10]      Mr David Suter, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 May 2017, p. 23.

[11]      Retail and Fast Food Workers Union, Submission 208, point 5.