Footnotes

Chapter 1 - Introduction and background

[1]        Cambridge Advanced Learners Dictionary, Cambridge University Press.

[2]        Department of Infrastructure and Transport, Public transport use in Australia's capital cities: Modelling and forecasting, Report 129, 2013, p. 9, http://www.bitre.gov.au/publications/2013/report_129.aspx (accessed 5 August 2014)

[3]        Australian Bureau of Statistics, 4102.0 – Australian Social Trends, July 2014, Car Nation, http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Lookup/4102.0Main+Features40July+2013 (accessed 5 August 2014).

[4]        Australian Bureau of Statistics, 4102.0 – Australian Social Trends, July 2014, Car Nation.

[5]        Department of Infrastructure and Transport, Public transport use in Australia's capital cities: Modelling and forecasting, Report 129, 2013, p. 31.

[6]        Bureau of Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Economies, Urban passenger transport: how people move about in Australian cities, Information sheet 31, March 2009, p. 2, http://www.bitre.gov.au/publications/2009/files/is_031.pdf (accessed 20 January 2014).

[7]        Australian Bureau of Statistics, 4102.0 – Australian Social Trends, July 2014, Car Nation; Australasian Railway Association, Submission 7, p. 3. The McCrindle Blog, Getting to Work, 3 February 2014, http://mccrindle.com.au/the-mccrindle-blog/tag/census/ (accessed 5 August 2014).

[8]        Australasian Railway Association, Submission 7, p. 5.

[9]        Bureau of Transport and Regional Economics, Report 107: Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Transport – Australian Trends to 2020, Australian Government, 2002.

[10]      City of Yarra, Submission 30, p. 4.

[11]      City of Yarra, Submission 30, p. 4.

[12]      Dr Tony Morton, Public Transport Users Association, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 42.

[13]      Department of Infrastructure and Transport, Public transport use in Australia's capital cities: Modelling and forecasting, Report 129, 2013, p. 14.

[14]      Moving People 2030 Taskforce, Moving Australia 2013: A Transport Plan for a Productive and Active Australia, 2013, p. 40.

[15]      Moving People 2030 Taskforce, Moving Australia 2013: A Transport Plan for a Productive and Active Australia, 2013, p. 40.

[16]      D. Gargett and A. Hossain, Public Transport Use in Australia's Capital Cities: Modelling and Forecasting, ATRF, 2012, Bureau of Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Economies, p. 8.

[17]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 11, p. 7.

[18]      Department of Infrastructure and Transport, Public transport use in Australia's capital cities: Modelling and forecasting, Report 129, 2013, p. 7, http://www.bitre.gov.au/publications/2013/report_129.aspx

[19]      D. Gargett and A. Hossain, Public Transport Use in Australia's Capital Cities: Modelling and Forecasting, ATRF, 2012, Bureau of Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Economies, p. 8.

[20]      Western Australia Department of Transport, Public Transport for Perth in 2031, Draft for Consultation, July 2011, p. 14, http://www.transport.wa.gov.au/mediaFiles/about-us/ABOUT_P_PT_Plan2031.pdf (accessed 14 August 2014).

[21]      Western Australia Department of Transport, Public Transport for Perth in 2031, Draft for Consultation, July 2011, p. 14; Mr Cole Hendrigan, Submission 26, Attachment 1, p. 17.

[22]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 11, p. 6.

[23]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 11, p. 4.

[24]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, 1370.0 – Measures of Australia's Progress, 2010, 15 September 2010, http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/by%20Subject/1370.0~2010~Chapter~Population%20distribution%20(3.3)

[25]      Australian Bureau of Statistics S Cat. 5220.0 Treasury, 2011, Gross State Product 2010-2011.

[26]      Australian Bureau of Statistics cited in Australasian Railway Association, Submission 7, p. 2.

[27]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 11, p. 3; Department of Infrastructure and Transport, Our Cities, Our Future: A national urban policy for a productive, sustainable and liveable future, May 2011, p. 7, http://www.infrastructure.gov.au/infrastructure/pab/files/Our_Cities_National_Urban_Policy_Paper_2011.pdf (accessed 28 January 2014).

[28]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 11, p. 3.

[29]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 11, p. 7.

[30]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 11, p. 8.

[31]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 11, p. 8.

[32]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 11, p. 3.

[33]      Alan Davies, 'Suburban Employment Trends: A Melbourne Case Study', M/C Journal, Vol. 14, No. 4, 2011, http://journal.media-culture.org.au/index.php/mcjournal/article/viewArticle/358/0 (accessed 21 January 2014).

[34]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 11, p. 8.

[35]      Perth–51 per cent; Sydney–47 per cent; Brisbane– 40 per cent; and Melbourne –34 per cent. Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 11, p. 9.

[36]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 11, p. 8.

[37]      Moving People 2030 Taskforce, Moving Australia 2013: A Transport Plan for a Productive and Active Australia, 2013, p. 13.

[38]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 11, p. 4.

[39]      Australasian Railway Association, Submission 7, p. 7.

[40]      Catholic Social Services Australia, Submission 8, p. 1.

[41]      Professor Graham Currie, Monash University, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 1.

[42]      Committee for Perth, Submission 6, p. 1.

[43]      Committee for Perth, Submission 6, p. 2.

[44]      Grattan Institute, Submission 5, p. [1].

[45]      Mr David Rice, Sustainable Transport Coalition of Western Australia, Committee Hansard, 19 February 2014, p. 2.

[46]      Council of Australian Governments, COAG Meeting, 7 December 2009, Attachment B National Objective and Criteria for Future Strategic Planning of Capital Cities, http://www.coag.gov.au/node/90#4 (accessed 28 January 2014).

[47]      Council of Australian Governments, COAG Meeting, 7 December 2009, Attachment B National Objective and Criteria for Future Strategic Planning of Capital Cities, http://www.coag.gov.au/node/90#4 (accessed 28 January 2014).

[48]      COAG Reform Council, Review of capital city strategic planning systems, December 2011, http://www.coagreformcouncil.gov.au/reports/capital-cities/review-capital-city-strategic-planning-systems (accessed 28 January 2014).

[49]      Standing Council on Transport and Infrastructure, Policy Framework for Intelligent Transport Systems in Australia, March 2012, p. 1, http://www.scoti.gov.au/publications/files/ITS_Framework.pdf (accessed 28 January 2014).

[50]      Department of Infrastructure and Transport, Our Cities, Our Future: A national urban policy for a productive, sustainable and liveable future, May 2011, p. 3, http://www.infrastructure.gov.au/infrastructure/pab/files/Our_Cities_National_Urban_Policy_Paper_2011.pdf (accessed 28 January 2014).

Chapter 2 - The costs and benefits of private and public transport

[1]        Committee for Perth, Submission 6, p. 2; Committee for Melbourne, Submission 27, p. 3; Yarra Climate Action Now, Submission 12, p. 1; Transport Reform Network, Submission 32, Attachment 1, p. [2].

[2]        International Association of Public Transport, Introduction, http://www.uitp.org/Public-Transport/why-public-transport/index.cfm (accessed 5 March 2014).

[3]        Tourism and Transport Forum, The Benefits of Public Transport, May 2010, p. 1, http://www.ttf.org.au/Content/benefitsofpublictransport.aspx (accessed 5 March 2014).

[4]        Australian Conservation Foundation, Submission 13, p. 2.

[5]        Australasian Railway Association, Submission 7, Attachment 2, p. [1].

[6]        Department of Human Services, Payment rates for Disability Support Pension and Payment rates for Newstart Allowance, www.humanservices.gov.au/ (accessed 31 October 2014).

[7]        Catholic Social Services Australia, Submission 8, p. 2.

[8]        UnitingCare Australia, Submission 16, p. [2].

[9]        City of Yarra, Submission 30, p. 5.

[10]      City of Yarra, Submission 30, p. 5.

[11]      Committee for Melbourne, Submission 27, p. [1].

[12]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 11, p. 3.

[13]      Committee for Perth, Submission 6, p. 2.

[14]      City of Yarra, Submission 30, pp 1–2.

[15]      Councillor Jackie Fristacky, City of Yarra, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 46.

[16]      Mr David Rice, Sustainable Transport Coalition of Western Australia, Committee Hansard, 19 February 2014, p. 1.

[17]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 11, p. 3.

[18]      Ms Emma de Jager, Planning Institute of Australia, Committee Hansard, 19 February 2014, p. 47.

[19]      City of Yarra, Submission 30, p. 4.

[20]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 11, p. 14; Infrastructure Australia, Submission 2, Attachment 1, p. 5.

[21]      Afzal Hossain and David Gargett, 'Public transport use in Australia's capital cities: Modelling and forecasting', Bureau of Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Economies, 2012, pp 1–2.

[22]      Tourism and Transport Forum, The Benefits of Public Transport, May 2010, p. 1, http://www.ttf.org.au/Content/benefitsofpublictransport.aspx (accessed 5 March 2014).

[23]      Grattan Institute, Submission 5, p. [2].

[24]      Bureau of Transport and Regional Economies, Estimating urban traffic and congestion cost trends for Australian cities, Working Paper No. 71, 2007, p. xv, http://www.bitre.gov.au/publications/2007/files/wp_071.pdf (accessed 21 January 2014).

[25]      Sustainable Transport Coalition of Western Australia, Submission 4, p. 3.

[26]      Bus Industry Confederation, Submission 17, p. 5.

[27]      Australasian Railway Association, Submission 7, p. 6.

[28]      Rail, Tram and Bus Union, Submission 33, p. 9.

[29]      Rail, Tram and Bus Union, Submission 33, p. 13.

[30]      Tourism and Transport Forum, The Benefits of Public Transport, May 2010, p. 1.

[31]      Moving People 2030 Taskforce, Moving Australia 2013: A Transport Plan for a Productive and Active Australia, 2013, p. 12.

[32]      The Hon. Alannah MacTiernan, Member for Perth, Committee Hansard, 19 February 2014, p. 16.

[33]      Australasian Railway Association, Submission 7, p. 6. That is despite the fact that an estimated 20 per cent of the distance travelled by commuters during peak period in Perth is on public transport. Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 11, p. 3.

[34]      Committee for Perth, Submission 6, p. 3.

[35]      Australasian Railway Association, Submission 7, p. 6.

[36]      Australasian Railway Association, Submission 7, p. 6.

[37]      Tim Hazledine, Stuart Donovan and John Bollard, The contribution to public transport to economic productivity, NZ Transport Agency research report 514, January 2013, p. 7.

[38]      ARA noted that the social inclusion, reduced infrastructure maintenance costs and fuel security benefits that greater rail travel provides are not incorporated into these figures but would otherwise increase the benefits of rail travel. Australasian Railway Association, Submission 7, p. 4.

[39]      Australasian Railway Association, Submission 7, p. 4.

[40]      Tourism and Transport Forum, 'Position Paper: Public Transport and Climate Change', Tourism and Transport Forum, 2009.

[41]      City of Yarra, Submission 30, pp 5–6.

[42]      Professor Graham Currie, Monash University, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 3. 

[43]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 11, p. 4; Moving People 2030 Taskforce, Moving Australia 2013: A Transport Plan for a Productive and Active Australia, 2013, p. 44.

[44]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 11, p. 4.

[45]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 11, p. 5.

[46]      City of Yarra, Submission 30, p. 2.

[47]      City of Yarra, Submission 30, p. 2.

[48]      Professor Peter Newman, Curtin University, Committee Hansard, 19 February 2014, p. 9.

[49]      Greater Shepparton City Council, Submission 45, p. [1].

[50]      Mr Cole Hendrigan, Curtin University Sustainability Policy Institute, Committee Hansard, 19 February 2014, p. 23; Australasian Railway Association, Submission 7, p. 5.

[51]      Tourism and Transport Forum, The Benefits of Public Transport, May 2010, p. 1; Catholic Social Services Australia, Submission 8, p. 2.

[52]      Australasian Railway Association, Submission 7, p. 5; Catholic Social Services Australia, Submission 8, pp 2–3.

[53]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Australian Demographic Statistics 2010–2011; Moving People 2030 Taskforce, Moving Australia 2013: A Transport Plan for a Productive and Active Australia, 2013, p. 16.

[54]      Moving People 2030 Taskforce, Moving Australia 2013: A Transport Plan for a Productive and Active Australia, 2013, p. 12. 

[55]      UnitingCare Australia, Submission 16, p. [1].

[56]      Infrastructure Australia, Submission 2, Attachment 1, p. 7.

[57]      Catholic Social Services Australia, Submission 8, p. 2.

[58]      Yarra Climate Action Now, Submission 12, p. 2.

[59]      Doctors for the Environment Australia, Submission to Senate Rural and Regional Affairs and Transport References Committee Inquiry into the investment of Commonwealth and State funds in public passenger transport infrastructure and services, Submission 70, p. 2, http://dea.org.au/images/uploads/submissions/submission70.pdf (accessed 21 January 2014).

[60]      Australian Conservation Foundation, Submission 13, p. 2.

[61]      Ms Emma de Jager, Planning Institute of Australia, Committee Hansard, 19 February 2014, p. 47.

[62]      Sustainable Transport Coalition of Western Australia, Submission 4, p. 2.

[63]      Ms Emma de Jager, Planning Institute of Australia, Committee Hansard, 19 February 2014, p. 47.

[64]      Australasian Railway Association, Submission 7, p. 4.

[65]      Bus Industry Confederation, Submission 17, p. 3.

[66]      Australasian Railway Association, Submission 7, p. 4.

[67]      Australian Conservation Foundation, Submission 13, p. 2.

[68]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, 4613.0 – Australia's Environment: Issues and Trends, Jan 2010, Climate Change in Australia, January 2010, http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Lookup/4613.0Feature+Article1Jan+2010 (accessed 5 March 2014).

[69]      Tourism and Transport Forum, 'Public Transport and Climate Change', Position Paper, Tourism and Transport Forum, Sydney, November 2009, p. 8, http://www.ttf.org.au/Content/ptclimatechange.aspx (accessed 5 March 2014).

[70]      City of Yarra, Submission 30, p. 5.

[71]      Australasian Railway Association, Submission 7, p. 4.

[72]      Australian Conservation Foundation, Submission 13, p. 2.

[73]      Australasian Railway Association, Submission 7, p. 7.

[74]      Ms Kate Roffey, Committee for Melbourne, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 21.

[75]      Alison Savage, 'East West Link: Stage one to cost $6.8 billion, Victorian Government releases tunnel's final design', ABC News, 30 September 2014; http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-09-30/east-west-link-cost-to-taxpayers/5778086  (accessed 2 October 2014); Richard Willingham, East West Link stage one to cost Victoria $2 billion, The Age, 30 September 2014, http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/east-west-link-stage-one-to-cost-victoria-2-billion-20140930-10ny7e.html (accessed 2 October 2014).

[76]      The Coalition's Policy to Deliver the Infrastructure for the 21^st Century, September 2013.

[77]      Ms Lyn O'Connell, Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Estimates Hansard, 20 October 2014, p. 25.

[78]      Kenneth Davidson, 'East West Link: The case against this road gets even stronger', Sydney Morning Herald, 28 July 2014.

[79]      Professor Jago Dodson et al, Tunnel Vision or World Class Public Transport?, p. 2,  http://mams.rmit.edu.au/eupxwm692zjq1.pdf (accessed 17 November 2014).

[80]      Professor Jago Dodson et al, Tunnel Vision or World Class Public Transport?, p. 3.

[81]      Infrastructure Australia, Answer to question on notice from Senate Rural and Regional Affairs and Transport Legislation Committee Supplementary Budget Estimates Hearing, November 2013, https://www.aph.gov.au/~/media/Estimates/Live/rrat_ctte/estimates/sup_1314/infra/IA.ashx (accessed 6 August 2014). 

[82]      Professor Jago Dodson et al, Tunnel Vision or World Class Public Transport?, p. 7.

[83]      City of Yarra, Submission 30, p. 4.

[84]      Professor Robert Adams, City of Melbourne, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 13.

[85]      Professor Jago Dodson et al, Tunnel Vision or World Class Public Transport?, p. 14.

[86]      Professor Robert Adams, City of Melbourne, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 13.

[87]      City of Yarra, Submission 30, p. 3.

[88]      Professor Robert Adams, City of Melbourne, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 13.

[89]      City of Yarra, Submission 30, p. 4.

[90]      City of Yarra, Submission 30, p. 4.

[91]      Public Transport Users Association, Submission 34, p. 2.

[92]      Yarra Climate Action Now, Submission 12, p. 1.

[93]      Yarra Climate Action Now, Submission 12, p. 2.

[94]      WestConnex, http://www.westconnex.com.au/ (accessed 3 February 2014).

[95]      National Roads and Motorists Association, WestConnex: getting it right, July 2014, http://www.mynrma.com.au/images/About/20140710_WestConnex_Report.pdf (accessed 6 August 2014).

[96]      Liberal Party, 'Tony Abbott Press Release – Coalition affirms support for Sydney's WestConnex Project', 6 October 2012, http://www.liberal.org.au/latest-news/2012/10/06/tony-abbott-press-release-coalition-affirms-support-sydneys-westconnex; The Hon Tony Abbott MP, Prime Minister and The Hon Mike Baird MP, Premier of NSW, 'Funding Agreement to Fast-Track Construction of WestConnex', Joint Press Release, 16 May 2014, http://www.rms.nsw.gov.au/news/ministerial/news2014/downloads/140516_westconnex_funding_agreement.pdf (accessed 5 August 2014); Ms Lyn O'Connell, Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Senate Rural and Regional Affairs and Transport Legislation Committee, Estimates Hansard, 20 October 2014, p. 10.

[97]      Mr Mike Mrdak, Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Senate Rural and Regional Affairs and Transport Legislation Committee, Estimates Hansard, 20 October 2014, p. 8.

[98]      NSW Minister for Roads and Freight, 'Funding agreement to fast-track construction of WestConnex', Media Release, 16 May 2014, http://www.rms.nsw.gov.au/news/ministerial/news2014/140516_westconnex_funding_agreement.html (accessed 5 August 2014); Mr Mike Mrdak, Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Estimates Hansard, 20 October 2014, p. 57.

[99]      Jacob Saulwick, 'Drivers face $7.35 toll on new $11.5b WestConnex', Sydney Morning Herald, 20 September 2013.

[100]    Geoff Winestock, 'Query on WestConnex numbers', Australian Financial Review, 28 January 2014, http://www.afr.com/p/national/query_on_westconnex_numbers_FKWR86cFcpQBwzRcBZeAtJ (accessed 3 February 2014).

[101]    Mr Andrew Jaggers, Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Senate Rural and Regional Affairs and Transport Legislation Committee, Estimates Hansard, 20 October 2014, p. 36.

[102]    'Detailed planning, not slogans, needed to cure transport paralysis', Sydney Morning Herald, 7 July 2014, http://www.smh.com.au/comment/smh-editorial/detailed-planning-not-slogans-needed-to-cure-transport-paralysis-20140706-zsxtt.html (accessed 7 August 2014).

[103]    Sean Nicholls and Jacob Saulwick, 'Government bid to keep WestConnex documents secret', Sydney Morning Herald, 27 July 2014, http://www.smh.com.au/nsw/government-bid-to-keep-westconnex-documents-secret-20140727-zwf70.html (accessed 29 July 2014).

[104]    'Detailed planning, not slogans, needed to cure transport paralysis', Sydney Morning Herald, 7 July 2014.

[105]    Action for Public Transport (NSW), Submission 21, p. 2.

[106]    Jacob Saulwick, 'Sydney protest groups line up against road and rail projects', Sydney Morning Herald, 1 November 2014, http://www.smh.com.au/nsw/sydney-protest-groups-line-up-against-road-and-rail-projects-20141031-11e1u4.html (accessed 15 November 2014).

Chapter 3

[1]        Infrastructure Australia, Submission 2, Attachment 1, p. 5.

[2]        Committee for Perth, Submission 6, p. 2.

[3]        Infrastructure Australia, Submission 2, Attachment 1, p. 5.

[4]        Mr Cole Hendrigan, Curtin University Sustainability Policy Institute, Committee Hansard, 19 February 2014, p. 22.

[5]        Professor Graham Currie, Monash University, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 1.

[6]        Professor Graham Currie, Monash University, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 13.

[7]        Australasian Railway Association, Submission 7, p. 3.

[8]        Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 11, p. 4.

[9]        Australasian Railway Association, Submission 7, p. 3.

[10]      Australasian Railway Association, Submission 7, pp 3–4.

[11]      Transport Reform Network, Submission 32, p. [1].

[12]      Ms Kate Roffey, Committee for Melbourne, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 17.

[13]      Mr Philip Davies, Transport Reform Network, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 25.

[14]      Transport Reform Network, Submission 32, p. [1].

[15]      Committee for Melbourne, Submission 27, p. [2]; Greater Shepparton City Council, Submission 45, p. [1].

[16]      World Economic Forum, Global Competitiveness Report 2010–11, p. 4, http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GlobalCompetitivenessReport_2010-11.pdf (accessed 3 February 2014).

[17]      World Economic Forum, Global Competitiveness Report 2010–11, p. 4.

[18]      Switzerland was ranked first followed by Sweden and Singapore. World Economic Forum, Global Competitiveness Report 2010–11, p. 28.

[19]      World Economic Forum, Global Competitiveness Report 2010–11, p. 18; Committee for Perth, Submission 6, Attachment 1, p. 2.

[20]      Committee for Perth, Submission 6, Attachment 1, p. 2.

[21]      Committee for Perth, Submission 6, Attachment 1, p. 1.

[22]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 11, p. 6.

[23]      Moving People 2030 Taskforce, Moving Australia 2013: A Transport Plan for a Productive and Active Australia, 2013, p. 13.

[24]      Moving People 2030 Taskforce, Moving Australia 2013: A Transport Plan for a Productive and Active Australia, 2013, p. 20.

[25]      Ms Marion Fulker, Committee for Perth, Committee Hansard, 19 February 2014, p. 43.

[26]      Ms Emma de Jager, Planning Institute of Australia, Committee Hansard, 19 February 2014, p. 47.

[27]      Ms Emma de Jager, Planning Institute of Australia, Committee Hansard, 19 February 2014, p. 47.

[28]      These matters are discussed at greater length in the context of agglomeration economics later in this chapter.

[29]      Professor Robert Adams, City of Melbourne, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 9. 

[30]      Infrastructure Australia, Submission 2, Attachment 1, p. 7.

[31]      Ms Jane-Frances Kelly, Grattan Institute, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 54.

[32]      Ms Kate Roffey, Committee for Melbourne, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 22.

[33]      Councillor Jackie Fristacky, City of Yarra, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 47.

[34]      Professor Robert Adams, City of Melbourne, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 9.

[35]      Professor Robert Adams, City of Melbourne, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 9.

[36]      Moving People 2030 Taskforce, Moving Australia 2013: A Transport Plan for a Productive and Active Australia, 2013, p. 12.

[37]      Ms Kate Roffey, Committee for Melbourne, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 19.                                                  

[38]      The Metro Rail Capacity Project, formerly known as Melbourne Metro, is a planned metropolitan rail infrastructure project. Up to 200,000 vehicles travel on the West Gate Bridge every day. Victorian Government, CityLink Tulla Widening Project Overview, http://www.transport.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0013/120730/CityLink-Tulla-Widening-Project-Overview.pdf (accessed 6 November 2014).

[39]      Professor Graham Currie, Monash University, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 2.

[40]      Professor Graham Currie, Monash University, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 2.

[41]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 11, p. 10.

[42]      Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Submission 11, p. 10.

[43]      Transport Reform Network, Submission 32, p. [2].

[44]      Transport Reform Network, Submission 32, p. [2].

[45]      UnitingCare Australia, Submission 16, p. [4].

[46]      Bus Industry Confederation, Submission 17, p. 5; Mr David Rice, Sustainable Transport Coalition of Western Australia, Committee Hansard, 19 February 2014, p. 1; Infrastructure Australia, Answer to question on notice taken during Senate Rural and Regional Affairs and Transport Legislation Committee Supplementary Budget Estimates Hearing, November 2013.

[47]      Professor Robert Adams, City of Melbourne, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 11.

[48]      Ms Kate Roffey, Committee for Melbourne, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 19.

[49]      Ms Kate Roffey, Committee for Melbourne, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 21.

[50]      Ms Kate Roffey, Committee for Melbourne, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 22.

[51]      Mr Mark Burgess, Public Transport Authority of Western Australia, Committee Hansard, 19 February 2014, p. 31.

[52]      Ms Kate Roffey, Committee for Melbourne, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 21.

[53]      Mr Dennis Cliche, Transport Reform Network, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 24.

[54]      Mr Dennis Cliche, Transport Reform Network, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 25.

[55]      Mr Dennis Cliche, Transport Reform Network, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 26.

[56]      Greater Shepparton City Council, Submission 45, p. [2].

[57]      Professor Robert Adams, City of Melbourne, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 12.

[58]      Moving People 2030 Taskforce, Moving Australia 2013: A Transport Plan for a Productive and Active Australia, 2013, p. 20.

[59]      Mr Dennis Cliche, Transport Reform Network, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 24.

[60]      Tim Hazledine, Stuart Donovan and John Bollard, The contribution to public transport to economic productivity, NZ Transport Agency research report 514, January 2013, p. 8.

[61]      Tim Hazledine, Stuart Donovan and John Bollard, The contribution to public transport to economic productivity, NZ Transport Agency research report 514, January 2013, p. 8.

[62]      Professor Robert Adams, City of Melbourne, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 10.

[63]      Professor Robert Adams, City of Melbourne, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 10.

[64]      Professor Robert Adams, City of Melbourne, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, pp 10-11.

[65]      Professor Newman, Submission 36, Attachment 1, p. 1.

[66]      Australasian Railway Association, Submission 7, Attachment 1, p. 3.

[67]      Infrastructure Australia, Submission 2, Attachment 1, p. 8.

[68]      Transport Reform Network, Submission 32, p. [2]; Australasian Railway Association, Submission 7, Attachment 1, p. 3.

[69]      Ms Kate Roffey, Committee for Melbourne, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 16.

[70]      Ms Kate Roffey, Committee for Melbourne, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 19.

[71]      Ms Kate Roffey, Committee for Melbourne, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 21.

[72]      Professor Peter Newman, Curtin University, Committee Hansard, 19 February 2014, p. 11.

[73]      City of Yarra, Submission 30, p. 7.

[74]      City of Yarra, Submission 30, p. 7.

[75]      Rail, Tram and Bus Union, Submission 33, p. 3.

[76]      Rail, Tram and Bus Union, Submission 33, p. 4.

[77]      Committee for Perth, Submission 6, p. 3.

[78]      Committee for Melbourne, Submission 27, p. [1].

[79]      Professor Robert Adams, City of Melbourne, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 15.

[80]      City of Yarra, Submission 30, pp. 5-6.

[81]      UnitingCare Australia, Submission 16, p. [2].

[82]      Committee for Melbourne, Submission 27, p. [2].

[83]      Committee for Melbourne, Submission 27, p. [2].

[84]      Councillor Fristacky, City of Yarra, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 51.

[85]      City of Yarra, Submission 30, p. 3.

[86]      City of Yarra, Submission 30, p. 7.

[87]      Councillor Fristacky, City of Yarra, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 52.

[88]      Mr David Rice, Sustainable Transport Coalition for Western Australia, Committee Hansard, 19 February 2014, p. 2.

[89]      Catholic Social Services Australia, Submission 8, p. 3.

[90]      City of Yarra, Submission 30, p. 8.

[91]      Australasian Railway Association, Submission 7, p. 10.

[92]      Mr David Rice, Sustainable Transport Coalition for Western Australia, Committee Hansard, 19 February 2014, p. 2.

[93]      Mr Philip Davies, Transport Reform Network, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 26.

[94]      Mr Philip Davies, Transport Reform Network, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 26.

[95]      Australasian Railway Association, Submission 7, p. 10.

[96]      Professor Graham Currie, Monash University, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 7.

[97]      Professor Robert Adams, City of Melbourne, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 12.

[98]      Professor Robert Adams, City of Melbourne, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 12.

[99]      Ms Kate Roffey, Committee for Melbourne, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 18.

[100]    The Hon. Alannah MacTiernan, Member for Perth, Committee Hansard, 19 February 2014, p. 20.

[101]    Professor Peter Newman, Submission 36, p. [2].

[102]    Professor Peter Newman, Submission 36, Attachment 1, p. 1.

[103]    Professor Peter Newman, Curtin University, Committee Hansard, 19 February 2014, p. 9. Everyone who encountered him has favourite anecdotes. There is another from that day at old Parliament House. Afterwards in Kings Hall, I asked Gough if I could have my photo taken with him. Of course. Media had been full of allegations of sexual harassment against a NSW Liberal minister, which I assumed prompted Gough to ask if he could put his arm around my shoulder. There was I thinking how endearingly old-fashioned, gentlemanly, he was to seek my permission. Yes, I said. Then just as photographer Mike Bowers was about to click, Gough whispered, sotto voce: “Hold on a moment while I adjust my left testicle.”

[104]    Professor Peter Newman, Curtin University, Committee Hansard, 19 February 2014, p. 10.

[105]    Professor Peter Newman, Curtin University, Committee Hansard, 19 February 2014, p. 10.

[106]    Professor Peter Newman, Curtin University, Committee Hansard, 19 February 2014, p. 10.

[107]    Professor Peter Newman, Curtin University, Committee Hansard, 19 February 2014, p. 12.

[108]    Councillor Bradley Pettitt, Mayor of the City of Freemantle, Committee Hansard, 19 February 2014, p. 55.

[109]    Australasian Railway Association, Submission 7, p. 7.

[110]    Australasian Railway Association, Submission 7, p. 7.

[111]    Professor Graham Currie, Monash University, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, p. 2.

[112]    Mr Dennis Cliche, Transport Reform Network, Committee Hansard, 18 February 2014, pp 25­26.

Australian Greens' Additional Comments

[1]        Moving People 2030 Taskforce, Moving Australia 2013: A Transport Plan for a Productive and Active Australia, 2013, p.40.