Footnotes

Chapter 1 - Introduction

[1]        Following the 2007 election FACSIA became the Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs

[2]        AMP & the National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling, 'May the Labour Force Be With You', November 2005, AMP.NATSEM Income and Wealth Report Issue 12, p. 20.

[3]        Hazel Lim-Applegate, Peter McLean, Phil Lindenmayer and Ben Wallace, 'New Age Pensioners—Trends in Wealth', 2007, Australian Social Policy 2006, p. 1; Greg Coombs and Brian Dollery, 'The Ageing of Australia: Fiscal Sustainability, International Equity and Inter-temporal Fiscal Balance', November 2004, Australian Journal of Social Issues, Volume 39, p. 460.

[4]        Megan O'Connell, 'The Role of Training in Preventing the Labour Market Exclusion of Older Workers', February 2005, refereed paper presented to the Transitions and Risk: New Directions in Social Policy Conference, Centre for Public Policy, University of Melbourne, p. 4.

[5]        The Hon. Peter Costello MP, Intergenerational Report 2007, April 2007, pp. ix-xi.

[6]        Productivity Commission, An ageing Australia: Small Beer or Big Bucks?, 2004, pp. 1-3.

[7]        Productivity Commission, An ageing Australia: Small Beer or Big Bucks?, 2004, pp. 4-5; Greg Coombs and Brian Dollery, 'The Ageing of Australia: Fiscal Sustainability, International Equity and Inter-temporal Fiscal Balance', November 2004, Australian Journal of Social Issues, Volume 39, pp. 461-462; Megan O'Connell, 'The Role of Training in Preventing the Labour Market Exclusion of Older Workers', February 2005, Refereed paper presented to the Transitions and Risk: New Directions in Social Policy Conference, Centre for Public Policy, University of Melbourne, p. 3.

[8]        Harry Greenwell, Rachel Lloyd and Ann Harding, 'An Introduction to Poverty Measurement Issues', December 2001, National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling Discussion Paper No: 55, pp. 11-12.

[9]        The Hon. Peter Costello MP, Address to Australian Businesses, Ensuring Australia's Economic Prosperity: The Intergenerational Report, 10 April 2007, p. 2.

[10]      Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, p. 3.

[11]      Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Social Policy Research Paper 29: Income Poverty, Subjective Poverty and Financial Stress, 2007, pp. ix-xi, 25, 33.

[12]      St Vincent de Paul Society National Council, Winners and Losers: the Story of Costs, Social Policy Issues Paper 2, 19 December 2004, p. 1.

[13]      Ethnic Communities Council of Victoria, Submission 53, p.2.

[14]      Council of Social Service of NSW, Submission 54, p.10.

Chapter 2 - Wealth and debt

[1]        Simon Kelly & Ann Harding, 'Don't Rely on the Old Folks' Money: Inheritance Patterns in Australia', December 2006, Elder Law Review Volume 4, p. 1.

[2]        Hazel Lim-Applegate, Peter McLean, Phil Lindenmayer and Ben Wallace, 'New Age Pensioners—Trends in Wealth', 2007, Australian Social Policy 2006, pp 5-6.

[3]        Brotherhood of St Laurence, Submission 57: Background Paper, Disadvantage and Older People, p. 5.

[4]        AMP & the National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling, 'Baby boomers – doing it for themselves', March 2007, AMP.NATSEM Income and Wealth Report Issue 16, pp 1, 16, 18.

[5]        Hazel Lim-Applegate, Peter McLean, Phil Lindenmayer and Ben Wallace, 'New Age Pensioners—Trends in Wealth', 2007, Australian Social Policy 2006, p. 16.

[6]        Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, p. 3.

[7]        Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, pp 6-7.

[8]        Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, p. 10.

[9]        Brotherhood of St Laurence, Submission 57: Background Paper, Disadvantage and Older People, p. 2.

[10]      Simon Kelly & Ann Harding, 'Don't Rely on the Old Folks' Money: Inheritance Patterns in Australia', December 2006, Elder Law Review Volume 4, pp 1, 3.

[11]      Combined Pensioners & Superannuants Association (CPSA), Submission 66, p. 4.

[12]      National Institute of Accountants, Submission 67, p. 6.

[13]      AMP & the National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling, 'Baby boomers – doing it for themselves', March 2007, AMP.NATSEM Income and Wealth Report Issue 16, pp 1, 16, 18.

[14]      AHURI, Ageing in place: intergenerational and intrafamilial housing transfers and shifts in later life: AHURI Final Report No. 88, October 2005, p. ix.

[15]      AHURI, Ageing in place: intergenerational and intrafamilial housing transfers and shifts in later life: AHURI Final Report No. 88, October 2005, p. ix.

[16]      Brotherhood of St Laurence, Submission 57: Background Paper, Disadvantage and Older People, p. 17.

[17]      Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, pp. 3, 7.

[18]      AMP & the National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling, 'The Lump Sum: Here Today, Gone Tomorrow', March 2004, AMP.NATSEM Income and Wealth Report Issue 7, p. 8.

[19]      AMP & the National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling, 'Baby boomers – doing it for themselves', March 2007, AMP.NATSEM Income and Wealth Report Issue 16, pp. 2, 9-10.

[20]      AMP & the National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling, 'The Lump Sum: Here Today, Gone Tomorrow', March 2004, AMP.NATSEM Income and Wealth Report Issue 7, p. 7.

[21]      Brotherhood of St Laurence, Submission 57: Background Paper, Disadvantage and Older People, p. 15.

[22]      AMP & the National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling, 'The Lump Sum: Here Today, Gone Tomorrow', March 2004, AMP.NATSEM Income and Wealth Report Issue 7, p. 8.

[23]      Hazel Lim-Applegate, Peter McLean, Phil Lindenmayer and Ben Wallace, 'New Age Pensioners—Trends in Wealth', 2007, Australian Social Policy 2006, p. 10.

[24]      Hobsons Bay City Council, Submission 3, Ageing Community Profile: Ageing Well Strategy 2007-2017, February 2007, p. 27.

[25]      Association of Independent Retirees, Submission 2, p. 7.

[26]      AMP & the National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling, 'The Lump Sum: Here Today, Gone Tomorrow', March 2004, AMP.NATSEM Income and Wealth Report Issue 7, p. 1.

[27]      National Institute of Accountants, Submission 67, p. 6.

[28]      AMP & the National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling, 'Baby boomers – doing it for themselves', March 2007, AMP.NATSEM Income and Wealth Report Issue 16, pp 2, 9-10.

[29]      Parliamentary Library Economic, Commerce and Industrial Relations Section, An Adequate Superannuation-based Retirement Income?, 16 March 2006, pp 13-14.

[30]      AMP & the National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling, 'The Lump Sum: Here Today, Gone Tomorrow', March 2004, AMP.NATSEM Income and Wealth Report Issue 7, p. 3.

[31]      National Institute of Accountants, Submission 67, p. 10.

[32]      Australian Seniors Finance, Submission 42, pp 7-8.

[33]      Committee Hansard, 23 August 2007, p. 1.

[34]      Committee Hansard, 23 August 2007, p. 10.

[35]      National Institute of Accountants, Submission 67, p. 10.

[36]      Committee Hansard, 23 August 2007, pp 4, 6 & 9.

[37]      Mr Michael O'Neill, Chief Executive, National Seniors Australia, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2008, p. 37.

[38]      Mrs Maida Lilley, Older People Speak Out, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2008, p. 28.

Chapter 3 - Incomes

[1]        Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, p. 1.

[2]        Combined Pensioners & Superannuants Association (CPSA), Submission 66, p. 2.

[3]        Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, p. 6.

[4]        Ann Harding, Analysing Australia's Aging Population: A Demographic Picture, 27 September 2005, Paper presented to 'Australia's Ageing Population Summit 2005', Financial Review Conferences, p. 3.

[5]        AMP & the National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling, 'The Lump Sum: Here Today, Gone Tomorrow', March 2004, AMP.NATSEM Income and Wealth Report Issue 7, pp 4-5.

[6]        Ann Harding, Analysing Australia's Aging Population: A Demographic Picture, 27 September 2005, Paper presented to 'Australia's Ageing Population Summit 2005', Financial Review Conferences, p. 3.

[7]        Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, p. 43.

[8]        These included Mr John Thomas, Submission 10, p. 1; Mr Frank and Mrs Louise Ogden, Submission 79, p. 2; Ms Mary Maxwell, Submission 34, p. 1; Ms Patricia Strachan, Submission 186, p. 1; Name withheld, Submission 123, p. 1; Mr Ron Warpel, Submission 124, p. 1; Name withheld, Submission 174, p. 1; Mr James Naylor, Submission 176, p. 1; Ms Rosemary Taylor, Submission 197, p. 3; Ms Jeanette Lindsay, Submission 229, p. 1; Australian Seniors Finance, Committee Hansard, 23 August 2007, p. 12; Australian Council of Social Service (ACOSS), Submission 211, p. 1.

[9]        Megan O'Connell, 'The Role of Training in Preventing the Labour Market Exclusion of Older Workers', February 2005, Refereed paper presented to the Transitions and Risk: New Directions in Social Policy Conference, Centre for Public Policy, University of Melbourne, p. 12.

[10]      Simon Kelly & Ann Harding, 'Funding the Retirement of Baby Boomers', 2004, Agenda Volume 11 (2), pp 100-101.

[11]      Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, p. 6.

[12]      Catholic Social Services Australia, Submission 95, p. 9.

[13]      Australian Government Office for Women, Women: Aspects of Retirement for Older Women, 2006, p. 8.

[14]      Australian Seniors Finance Limited, Committee Hansard, 23 August 2007, p. 13; Ms Valerie Applegarth, Submission 16, p. 1; Ms Catherine Laing, Submission 173, p. 1.

[15]      Aids Council of New South Wales, Submission 212, p. 6.

[16]      Mr Bede Haywood, Submission 152, p. 1.

[17]      AMP & the National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling, 'May the Labour Force Be With You', November 2005, AMP.NATSEM Income and Wealth Report Issue 12, pp 2, 20.

[18]      National Institute of Accountants, Submission 67, p. 4.

[19]      Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, p. 25.

[20]      Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, p. 8; AMP & the National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling, 'May the Labour Force Be With You', November 2005, AMP.NATSEM Income and Wealth Report Issue 12, pp 2, 20.

[21]      Hobsons Bay City Council, Submission 3, Ageing Community Profile: Ageing Well Strategy 2007-2017, February 2007, p. 6.

[22]      Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, p. 40.

[23]      Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, pp 33, 80.

[24]      Parliamentary Library Economic, Commerce and Industrial Relations Section, An Adequate Superannuation-based Retirement Income?, 16 March 2006, pp. 16, 22; Hazel Lim-Applegate, Peter McLean, Phil Lindenmayer and Ben Wallace, 'New Age Pensioners—Trends in Wealth', 2007, Australian Social Policy 2006, p. 1.

[25]      Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, p. 34.

[26]      Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, p. 35.

[27]      Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, pp 36, 38.

[28]      Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, pp 37-38.

[29]      Hazel Lim-Applegate, Peter McLean, Phil Lindenmayer and Ben Wallace, 'New Age Pensioners—Trends in Wealth', 2007, Australian Social Policy 2006, pp 5-6, 13.

[30]      Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Committee Hansard, 20 September 2007, pp 2, 4.

[31]      Hazel Lim-Applegate, Peter McLean, Phil Lindenmayer and Ben Wallace, 'New Age Pensioners—Trends in Wealth', 2007, Australian Social Policy 2006, pp 5-6, 13.

[32]      Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, p.28.

[33]      Committee Hansard, 23 August 2007, p. 27.

[34]      Combined Pensioners & Superannuants Association (CPSA), Submission 66, p. 6.

[35]      Catholic Social Services Australia, Submission 95, p. 9; Ms Beth Butler, Submission 104, p. 2.

[36]      Committee Hansard, 23 August 2007, p. 12.

[37]      Australian Council of Social Service, A Fair Go For All Australians: International Comparisons, 2007, p. 47.

[38]      The Defence Force Welfare Association, Submission 38, pp 2-3.

[39]      These included Mr Bernard and Mrs Barbara Murray, Submission 86, p. 3; Mr Alan and Mrs Elizabeth Hutchins, Submission 83, p. 1; Mr Tula and Mrs Chandra Wati Ram, Submission 23, p. 2; Mrs Sukhraji Prasad, Submission 31, p. 1; Mr Cy D'Oliveira, Submission 131, p. 2; Mr John Neve, Submission 144, p. 1.

[40]      Australian Pensioners' & Superannuants' League QLD Inc, Submission 1, p. 4; Australian Manufacturing Workers' Union, Submission 204, p. 18; Ms Anne and Mr Bill Byrne, Submission 1, p. 1; Mr Richard Sims, Submission 26, p. 1.

[41]      Australian Pensioners' & Superannuants' League QLD Inc, Submission 1, p. 4.

[42]      Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, pp 15-19; Australian Bureau of Statistics, 6463.0 – Analytical Living Cost Indexes for Selected Australian Household Types, June 2007, http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/mf/ 6463.0?OpenDocument, (accessed 29 August 2007).

[43]      These included St Vincent de Paul Society National Council of Australia, Submission 92, p. 6; Australian Council of Social Service (ACOSS), Submission 211, p. 1; Combined Pensioners & Superannuants Association (CPSA), Submission 66, p. 6; Association of Independent Retirees, Submission 2, p. 4; Australian Pensioners' & Superannuants' League QLD Inc, Submission 1, p. 3; The Defence Force Welfare Association, Submission 38, p. 2; Women's Action Alliance, Committee Hansard, 23 August 2007, p. 48.; Ethnic Communities' Council of Victoria, Submission 53, p. 2; Brotherhood of St Laurence, Committee Hansard, 23 August 2007, p. 32.; COTA Over 50s, Committee Hansard, 23 August 2007, p. 76.; Wide Bay Women's Health Centre, Submission 55, p. 8; Mr Robert Shortridge, Submission 84, p. 1; Mr Klaus and Mrs Christina Bernhard, Submission 74, p. 1; Name withheld, Submission 48, p. 1; COTA Over 50s, Submission 96, p. 3; Catholic Social Services Australian, Submission 95, p. 5; Ms Beth Butler, Submission 104, p. 2; Mr Peter and Mrs Mary Wright, Submission 118, p. 1; Mr Ian Mudge, Submission 122, p. 1; Mr Robert McShane, Submission 128, pp 1-2; Mr Dean and Ms Patricia Cornish, Submission 150, p. 1; Name withheld, Submission 149, p. 4; Mr Tom Hayes, Submission 157, p. 1; Ms Virginia Boskovic, Submission 160, p. 1; Mr Bert Hoebee, Submission 213, p. 1; Name withheld, Submission 123, p. 2; Mr Peter McSpadden, Submission 127, p. 20; Mrs V Melville, Submission 178, p. 1; Mr John Daniels, Submission 75, Appendix: Extracts from report written by Dr. Richard Denniss; Ms Norma Gardner, Submission 121, attachment 2.

[44]      St Vincent de Paul Society, Submission 92, p. 4.

[45]      St Vincent de Paul Society, Submission 92, p. 5.

[46]      The St Vincent de Paul Society, Submission 92, p. 5.

[47]      Dr Paul Henman, Submission 218, p. 3.

[48]      Dr Paul Henman, Submission 218, p. 3.

[49]      See for example, ACOSS, Submission 211.

[50]      COTA Over 50s, Submission 96, p. 10.

[51]      COTA Over 50s, Submission 96, p. 3.

[52]      COTA Over 50s, Submission 96, p. 9; Ethnic Communities Council of Victoria, Committee Hansard, CA 40, 23 August 2007.

[53]      Ethnic Communities Council of Victoria, Committee Hansard, 23 August 2007, p. 40.

[54]      Dr N Hartland, Committee Hansard, 20 September 2007, pp 5-6.

[55]      FaHCSIA, Submission 138, supplementary information, 12 March 2008, p. 12.

[56]      The Defence Force Welfare Association, Submission 38, p. 2.

[57]      Dr Paul Henman, Submission 218, p. 4.

[58]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 43, p. 3.

[59]      Dr Paul Henman, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2008, p. 4.

[60]      Combined Pensioners & Superannuants Association (CPSA), Submission 66, p. 6.

[61]      Committee Hansard, 23 August 2007, p. 40..

[62]      Committee Hansard, 23 August 2007, p. 32.

[63]      Dr Paul Henman, Submission 218, additional information, 19 February 2008, p. 2.

[64]      Notably these research tools include a range of equivalence scales. That is, 'measures of the relative amount of total expenditure or disposable income required by households of different compositions and in specific circumstances to attain the same standard of living', T.N Binh & P. Whiteford, 'Household Equivalence Scales: New Australian Estimates from the 1984 Household Expenditure Survey, The Economic Record, 1990, p. 221.

[65]      Dr Paul Henman, Submission 218, p. 1.

[66]      These included the Defence Force Welfare Association, Submission 38, p. 3; Superannuated Commonwealth Officers' Association Inc, Submission 52, p. 10; Mr Warren Woodcock, Submission 158, p. 1; Name withheld, Submission 163, p. 1; Mr Bert Hoebee, Submission 213, p. 1; Mr Ray Walters, Submission 103, p. 1; Mr Wayne Koch, Submission 164, p. 12; Name withheld, Submission 169, p. 1; Mr Robert Shortridge, Submission 84, p. 3; Mr Ian Mudge, Submission 122, p. 1; Mr John Daniels, Submission 72, p. 1; Mr J S O'Neill, Submission 214, p. 1; Mr Stephen Thompson, Submission 215, p. 1, Mr Ray Gibson, Submission 226, pp 1-3.

[67]      Mrs V Melville, Submission 178, p. 1.

[68]      The Defence Force Welfare Association, Submission 38, p. 3.

[69]      Mr Bert Hoebee, Submission 213, p. 1.

[70]      Mr Ray Gibson, Submission 226, p. 3.

[71]      Superannuated Commonwealth Officers' Association Inc, Submission 52, p. 10.

[72]      Commonwealth Government of Australia, Government Response to the Recommendations of the Senate Select Committee on Superannuation Report, 'Superannuation and Standards of Living in Retirement', 14 February 2005, p. 19.

[73]      Mr John Coleman, Superannuated Commonwealth Officers Association, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2008, p. 8.

[74]      Brotherhood of St Laurence, Submission 57: Background Paper, Disadvantage and Older People, p. 9.

[75]      Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, pp 8-9.

[76]      Australian Government Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Social Policy Research Paper 29: Income Poverty, Subjective Poverty and Financial Stress, 2007, pp ix, 13, 23, 34.

[77]      Committee Hansard, 23 August 2007, p. 11.

[78]      Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, pp 42-43.

[79]      Parliamentary Library Economic, Commerce and Industrial Relations Section, An Adequate Superannuation-based Retirement Income?, 16 March 2006, p. 11.

[80]      AMP & the National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling, 'The Lump Sum: Here Today, Gone Tomorrow', March 2004, AMP.NATSEM Income and Wealth Report Issue 7, p. 4; AMP & the National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling, 'May the Labour Force Be With You', November 2005, AMP.NATSEM Income and Wealth Report Issue 12, pp. 2, 20.

[81]      COTA Over 50s, Submission 96, p. 7.

[82]      Queensland Shelter, Submission 45, p. 2.

[83]      Brotherhood of St Laurence, Submission 57: Background Paper, Disadvantage and Older People, p. 9.

[84]      Association of Independent Retirees, Submission 2, p. 4; Australian Seniors Finance Limited, Submission 42, p. 6; Women's Action Alliance (Australian) Inc, Submission 93, p. 3.

[85]      Australian Seniors Finance Limited, Submission 42, p. 6.

[86]      Combined Pensioners & Superannuants Association (CPSA), Submission 66, pp 2-3.

[87]      Catholic Social Services Australia, Submission 95, p. 17.

[88]      Australian Manufacturing Workers' Union, Submission 204, p. 7.

[89]      Australian Council of Social Service, A Fair Go For All Australians: International Comparisons, 2007,p. 3.

[90]      Australian Council of Social Service, A Fair Go For All Australians: International Comparisons, 2007,p. 46.

[91]      Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, p. 21.

[92]      Productivity Commission, An ageing Australia: Small Beer or Big Bucks?, 2004, p. 16.

[93]      National Institute of Accountants, Submission 67, pp. 6, 11.

[94]      Council of Social Service of New South Wales, Submission 54, p. 4.

[95]      Dr Paul Henman, Submission 218, p. 7.

[96]      Australian Council of Social Service (ACOSS), Submission 211, p. 2.

[97]      Ann Harding, Analysing Australia's Aging Population: A Demographic Picture, 27 September 2005, Paper presented to 'Australia's Ageing Population Summit 2005', Financial Review Conferences, p. 3.

[98]      Brotherhood of St Laurence, Submission 57: Background Paper, Disadvantage and Older People, p. 6.

[99]      Brotherhood of St Laurence, Submission 57, p. 1.

[100]    Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, p. 25.

[101]    These included Australian Pensioners' & Superannuants' League QLD Inc, Submission 1, p. 3; Australian Council of Social Service (ACOSS), Submission 211, p. 1; The Australian Family Association, Submission 7, p. 1; Salvation Army Australia Southern Territory, Submission 136, p. 9; The Corrimal Pensioners and Superannuants Association, Submission 177, p. 1.Combined Pensioners & Superannuants Association (CPSA), Submission 66, pp. 2-3; Australian Council of Social Service (ACOSS), Submission 211, p. 1; Older People Speak Out, Submission 94, p. 3; Women's Action Alliance, Committee Hansard, CA 49, 23 August 2007; Australian Seniors Finance, Committee Hansard, CA 2, 23 August 2007; Brotherhood of St Laurence, Committee Hansard, 23 August 2007, p. 27; COTA Over 50s, Committee Hansard, 23 August 2007, pp 63-64; Ms Beth Butler, Submission 104, p. 1; Ms Norma Gardner, Submission 121, p. 1; Mr Cy D'Oliveira, Submission 131, p. 1; Name withheld, Submission 162, p. 1; Mrs D Lindsay, Submission 165, p. 1; Ms Denise Scassola, Submission 166, p. 1; Name withheld, Submission 188, p. 1; Ms Marion Vann, Submission 202, p. 1; Mrs Victoria Ingleby, Submission 98, p. 1; Name withheld, Submission 125, p. 1; Ms Constance Weller, Submission 171, p. 1; Name withheld, Submission 192, p. 1; Ms Rosemary Taylor, Submission 197, p. 3; Miss P A Robb, Submission 151, p. 4; Ms Janet Boddy, Submission 17, p. 2; Ms Beth Butler, Submission 104, p. 2; Ms Dorothy Ratnarajah, Submission 156, p. 1; Mrs Zoe Ray, Submission 75, p. 1; Mrs Margaret Ryan, Submission 100, p. 2.

[102]    COTA Over 50s, Submission 96, p. 3.

[103]    Dr Paul Henman, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2008, p. 2.

[104]    Mr Wayne Koch, Submission 164, p. 11.

[105]    The Australian Family Association, Submission 7, p. 1.

[106]    Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, p. 12.

[107]    COTA Over 50s, Submission 96, p. 8.

[108]    Combined Pensioners & Superannuants Association (CPSA), Submission 66, pp. 2-3.

[109]    Women's Action Alliance (Australian) Inc, Submission 93, p. 4.

[110]    Ms Janet Boddy, Submission 17, p. 2.

[111]    Australian Government Office for Women, Women: Aspects of Retirement for Older Women, 2006, p. 5.

[112]    Australian Government Office for Women, Women: Aspects of Retirement for Older Women, 2006, p. 5.

[113]    Miss P A Robb, Submission 151, p. 3.

[114]    Ms Jeanette Lindsay, Submission 229, p. 5.

[115]    Australian Government Office for Women, Women: Aspects of Retirement for Older Women, 2006, p. 5.

[116]    Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, p. 33.

[117]    See for example, Mrs Norma Bettridge, Submission 225, p. 1.

[118]    Combined Pensioners & Superannuants Association (CPSA), Submission 66, pp. 4-5.

[119]    Mrs Zoe Ray, Submission 75, p. 1.

[120]    Mrs Margaret Ryan, Submission 100, p. 2.

[121]    Women's Action Alliance (Australian) Inc, Submission 93, pp. 3-4; Name withheld, Submission 125, p. 2.

[122]    Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, pp 29-32.

[123]    National Institute of Accountants, Submission 67, p. 4.

[124]    Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, p. 39.

[125]    Aged & Community Care Victoria, Submission 41, p. 4; Wide Bay Women's Health Centre, Submission 55, p. 8.

[126]    Ethnic Communities' Council of Victoria, Submission 53, p. 2.

[127]    Superannuated Commonwealth Officers' Association Inc, Submission 52, p. 10.

[128]    Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, p. 23.

[129]    Thirroul Retired Mineworkers' Association, Submission 4, p. 1.

[130]    The Australian Family Association, Submission 7, pp 1-2.

Chapter 4 - Concessions and rebates

[1]        Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Committee Hansard, 20 September 2007, p. 2.

[2]        Brotherhood of St Laurence, Submission 57: Background Paper, Disadvantage and Older People, pp. 7-8; Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, p. 50.

[3]        Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, p. 86.

[4]        Brotherhood of St Laurence, Submission 57: Background Paper, Disadvantage and Older People, pp 7-8; Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, p. 50.

[5]        National Institute of Accountants, Submission 67, p. 4; Brotherhood of St Laurence, Submission 57: Background Paper, Disadvantage and Older People, pp 7-8; COTA Over 50s, Submission 96, p. 7.

[6]        Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, p. 33.

[7]        Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, p. 51-52.

[8]        Wide Bay Women's Health Centre, Submission 55, p. 8; Ms Valerie Applegarth, Submission 16, p. 1; Ms Margaret Howard, Submission 78, p. 1; Mr Terry and Mrs Ellen Banko, Submission 73, p. 1; Name withheld, Submission 27, p. 1; Name withheld, Submission 36, p. 1; Name withheld, Submission 48, p. 2.

[9]        Wide Bay Women's Health Centre, Submission 55, p. 8.

[10]      Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Committee Hansard, 20 September 2007, p. 24. See also Senate Community Affairs Committee, Budget estimates 2007-08, Additional information FaCSIA, Question nos, 313 and 314.

[11]      These included: National Seniors, Submission 60, p. 7; National Seniors Goodna Redbank Branch, Submission 39, p. 2; Superannuated Commonwealth Officers' Association Inc, Submission 52, p. 9; National Seniors, Submission 60, p. 7; Mr Lindsay Kayess, Submission 115, p. 2; Ms Anne and Mr Bill Byrne, Submission 1, p. 1; Mr Geoff Ball, Submission 206, p. 1; Mr Bernard and Mrs Barbara Murray, Submission 86, p. 4; Mr Graham Sharpe, Submission 82, p. 1; Ms Mary Maxwell, Submission 34, p. 5.

[12]      Ms Mary Maxwell, Submission 34, p. 5.

[13]      Superannuated Commonwealth Officers' Association Inc, Submission 52, p. 9.

[14]      Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, p. 51.

[15]      This included: Superannuated Commonwealth Officers' Association Inc, Submission 52, p. 9; The Association of Independent Retirees, Committee Hansard, 23 August 2007, p. 69; National Seniors, Submission 60, p. 17; Mr Desmond Reardon, Submission 107, p. 1; Name withheld, Submission 149, p. 5; Name withheld, Submission 149, p. 5; Mr Wayne Koch, Submission 164, p. 11; Ms Denise Scassola, Submission 166, p. 1; Ms Aileen Monck, Submission 187, p. 1; Name withheld, Submission 112, p. 1; Mr John Murray Newman, Submission 69, pp 1-2; Mr J S O'Neill, Submission 214, p. 1.

[16]      Ms Aileen Monck, Submission 187, p. 1.

[17]      Superannuated Commonwealth Officers' Association Inc, Submission 52, p. 9.

[18]      Council of Social Service of New South Wales, Submission 54, p. 5; Combined Pensioners & Superannuants Association (CPSA), Submission 66, p. 11.

[19]      Mr N Flannery, Submission 13, p. 2; Ms Virginia Boskovic, Submission 160, p. 1.

[20]      Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, p. 52.

[21]      Brotherhood of St Laurence, Submission 57: Background Paper, Disadvantage and Older People, p. 8.

[22]      Combined Pensioners & Superannuants Association (CPSA), Submission 66, p. 11.

[23]      The Corrimal Pensioners and Superannuants Association, Submission 177, p. 1.

[24]      Committee Hansard, 23 August 2007, p. 27.

[25]      Combined Pensioners & Superannuants Association (CPSA), Submission 66, pp 6-7.

[26]      Mr Bernard and Mrs Barbara Murray, Submission 86, p. 2.

[27]      Combined Pensioners & Superannuants Association (CPSA), Submission 66, pp 6-7.

[28]      Committee Hansard, 23 August 2007, p. 32.

[29]      Premier Steve Bracks, Concessions Reform Delivers Fairer Outcome, 28 April 2004, http://www.premier.vic.gov.au/newsroom/news_item_archives.asp?id=409, (accessed 17 August 2007).

[30]      Combined Pensioners & Superannuants Association (CPSA), Submission 66, p. 7.

[31]      Mr Richard Sims, Submission 26, p. 1.

[32]      COTA Over 50s, Submission 96, p. 16.

[33]      Mr Peter McSpadden, Submission 127, pp 13, 24.

[34]      Combined Pensioners & Superannuants Association (CPSA), Submission 66, pp 7-8.

[35]      Mr Thomas & Ms Barbara Sharp, Submission 148, p. 1.

[36]      Committee Hansard, 23 August 2007, p. 32.

[37]      Mr Thomas & Ms Barbara Sharp, Submission 148, p. 1.

[38]      Superannuated Commonwealth Officers' Association Inc, Submission 52, p. 10.

Chapter 5 - Cost pressures

[1]        Brotherhood of St Laurence, Submission 57: Background Paper, Disadvantage and Older People, p. 9.

[2]        Ian Royall, 'Feeling the squeeze: Households hit by rocketing price of living', 23 June 2007, Herald Sun, p. 11.

[3]        Danielle Cronin, 'Not gone, nearly forgotten', 1 September 2007, Canberra Times, p. 4.

[4]        Australian Bureau of Statistics, Household Expenditure Survey: Summary of Results, 6530.0, 2003-04, pp 8-10.

[5]        COTA Over 50s, Submission 96, p. 8.

[6]        Queensland Shelter, Submission 45, p. 3.

[7]        COTA Over 50s, Submission 96, p. 4.

[8]        COTA Over 50s, Submission 96, p. 10.

[9]        St Vincent de Paul Society National Council of Australia, Submission 92, pp. 4-6.

[10]      Brotherhood of St Laurence, Submission 57: Background Paper, Disadvantage and Older People, p. 9; National Seniors, Submission 60, p. 12.

[11]      St Vincent de Paul Society National Council of Australia, Submission 92, pp 4-6.

[12]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Household Expenditure Survey: Summary of Results, 6530.0, 2003-04, p. 5.

[13]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, 6463.0 – Analytical Living Cost Indexes for Selected Australian Household Types, June 2007, http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/mf/ 6463.0?OpenDocument, (accessed 29 August 2007).

[14]      Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Older Australians at a Glance 4^th Ed., November 2007, p. viii.

[15]      Brotherhood of St Laurence, Submission 57: Background Paper, Disadvantage and Older People, p. 9.

[16]      Mr David and Ms Elizabeth Jeffrey, Submission 113, p. 1.

[17]      Mr Bernard and Mrs Barbara Murray, Submission 86, p. 1.

[18]      Ian Royall, 'Feeling the squeeze: Households hit by rocketing price of living', 23 June 2007, Herald Sun, p. 11.

[19]      St Vincent de Paul Society National Council of Australia, Submission 92, pp 4-6.

[20]      National Seniors, Submission 60, p. 7.

[21]      St Vincent de Paul Society National Council, Winners and Losers: the Story of Costs, Social Policy Issues Paper 2, 19 December 2004, pp 11-12.

[22]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 43, p. 8.

[23]      National Association of Retail Grocers of Australia, Submission 59, p. i.

[24]      Mr Keith Thomson, Submission 114, p. 2.

[25]      Ms Patricia Strachan, Submission 186, p. 1.

[26]      Mr Donald White, Submission 32, p. 1.

[27]      National Seniors, Submission 60, p. 7; Australian Pensioners' & Superannuants' League QLD Inc, Submission 1, p. 1.

[28]      Australian Pensioners' & Superannuants' League QLD Inc, Submission 1, p. 1.

[29]      This included: Mr Graham Sharpe, Submission 82, p. 1; Name withheld, Submission 48, p. 2; Ms Elayne Whatman, Submission 134, p. 1; Mr J M & Mrs W E K Harris, Submission 140, p. 1; Miss P A Robb, Submission 151, p. 3.

[30]      These included: Ms Maxine Visser, Submission 88, p. 1; Mr Don and Mrs Elma Butler, p. 1; Ms Winifred O'Keeffe, Submission 21, p. 1; Name withheld, Submission 149, p. 2.

[31]      Ms Enid Randon, Submission 170, p. 1.

[32]      Mrs Margaret Ryan, Submission 100, p. 4.

[33]      Name withheld, Submission 133, p. 1; Mr Cy D'Oliveira, Submission 131, p. 2.

[34]      Mr L D Arrowsmith, Submission 126, p. 4.

[35]      Salvation Army Australia Southern Territory, Submission 136, p. 6.

[36]      St Vincent de Paul Society National Council of Australia, Submission 92, pp 4-6.

[37]      National Seniors, Submission 60, pp 7-9.

[38]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Submission 43, p. 8.

[39]      Bernard and Barbara Murray, Submission 86, p. 1.

[40]      Salvation Army Australia Southern Territory, Submission 136, pp. 6, 8; Aged Care Lobby Group, Submission 40, pp 1-3.

[41]      Name withheld, Submission 27, p. 1.

[42]      Superannuated Commonwealth Officers' Association Inc, Submission 52, p. 9.

[43]      Salvation Army Australia Southern Territory, Submission 136, additional information, 5.12.07, p. 1.

[44]      Salvation Army Australia Southern Territory, Submission 136, additional information, 5.12.07, pp 1-2.

[45]      Combined Pensioners and Superannuants Association of NSW Inc – Bellingen Branch, Submission 56, p. 1; National Rural Health Alliance Inc, Submission 91, pp 3, 5.

[46]      National Rural Health Alliance Inc, Submission 91, pp 3, 5.

[47]      These included: National Seniors, Submission 60, p. 8; Superannuated Commonwealth Officers' Association Inc, Submission 52, p. 6; Combined Pensioners and Superannuants Association of NSW Inc – Bellingen Branch, Submission 56, p. 1; Aged Care Lobby Group, Submission 40, pp. 1-3; Thirroul Retired Mineworkers' Association, Submission 4, p. 1; Professor Frank Vajda, Submission 5, p. 1; Ms Irene Kirkwood, Submission 120, p. 1; Mr L D Arrowsmith, Submission 126, p. 1; Name withheld, Submission 139, p. 1; Mr J M & Mrs W E K Harris, Submission 140, p. 1.

[48]      Superannuated Commonwealth Officers' Association Inc, Submission 52, p. 6; Salvation Army Australia Southern Territory, Submission 136, pp 6, 8.

[49]      Salvation Army Australia Southern Territory, Submission 136, pp 6, 8.

[50]      Aged Care Lobby Group, Submission 40, pp 1-3.

[51]      St Vincent de Paul Society National Council of Australia, Submission 92, p. 9.

[52]      St Vincent de Paul Society National Council of Australia, Submission 92, pp 4-6.

[53]      Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, pp 6-7.

[54]      Harry Greenwell, Rachel Lloyd and Ann Harding, 'An Introduction to Poverty Measurement Issues', December 2001, National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling Discussion Paper No: 55, pp 13-14.

[55]      COTA Over 50s, Submission 96, p. 7.

[56]      Brotherhood of St Laurence, Submission 57: Background Paper, Disadvantage and Older People, p. 15.

[57]      Brotherhood of St Laurence, Submission 57: Background Paper, Disadvantage and Older People, p. 15.

[58]      Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute, Rental Housing Provision for Lower-Income Older Australians: AHURI Final Report No. 96, May 2007, p. viii-ix.

[59]      COTA Over 50s, Submission 96, p. 7.

[60]      Aged & Community Services Australia, Submission 64, p. 2.

[61]      Queensland Shelter, Submission 45, p. 2.

[62]      These included Australian Pensioners' & Superannuants' League QLD Inc, Submission 1, p. 3; St Vincent de Paul Society National Council of Australia, Submission 92, pp. 4-6; Brotherhood of St Laurence, Submission 57: Background Paper, Disadvantage and Older People, p. 15; COTA Over 50s, Submission 96, p. 7; Salvation Army Southern Territory, Committee Hansard, 23 August 2007, p. 22; Queensland Shelter, Submission 45, p. 2; Council of Social Service of New South Wales, Submission 54, p. 4; Catholic Social Services Australia, Submission 95, p. 8; Aged and Community Service Australia, Committee Hansard, 23 August 2007, p. 79; Older People Speak Out, Submission 94, p. 3; Australian Council of Social Service (ACOSS), Submission 211, p. 1; Mrs Zoe Ray, Submission 75, p. 2; Ms Beth Butler, Submission 104, p. 3; Ms Marion Vann, Submission 202, p. 1; Ms Shirley Prout, Submission 97, p. 2; Name withheld, Submission 180, p. 1; Mr Lindsay Kayess, Submission 115, p. 2; Miss P A Robb, Submission 151, p. 3; Ms Dorothy Ratnarajah, Submission 156, p. 1; Mr L D Arrowsmith, Submission 126, pp. 2-3; Mr Geoff Ball, Submission 206, p. 1; Mr Ralph Foster, Submission 199, p. 1; Mr Andrew Ball, Submission 85, p. 1; Mr Ronald Davis, Submission 89, p. 2.

[63]      St Vincent de Paul Society National Council of Australia, Submission 92, pp 4-6.

[64]      Combined Pensioners and Superannuants Association of NSW Inc – Bellingen Branch, Submission 56, p. 2.

[65]      Ms Tracey-Ann Douglas, Queensland Shelter, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2008, p. 19.

[66]      Ms Tracey-Ann Douglas, Queensland Shelter, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2008, p. 21.

[67]      Older People Speak Out, Submission 94, p. 3.

[68]      Council of Social Service of New South Wales, Submission 54, p. 4.

[69]      Dr Paul Henman, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2008, p. 5.

[70]      COTA Over 50s, Submission 96, p. 7.

[71]      The amounts for the single and couple pensioners on the maximum rate and in receipt of rent assistance were calculated using the full-rate pension information provided in Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, p. 25, and the rent assistance rates provided in COTA Over 50s, Submission 96, p. 7.

[72]      Mr Lindsay Kayess, Submission 115, p. 2.

[73]      This included Queensland Shelter, Submission 45, p. 2; Older People Speak Out, Submission 94, p. 3; Mr Andrew Ball, Submission 85, p. 1; Ms Dorothy Ratnarajah, Submission 156, p. 1; Australian Council of Social Service, A Fair Go For All Australians: International Comparisons, 2007,p. 30.

[74]      Ms Dorothy Ratnarajah, Submission 156, p. 1.

[75]      Mrs Veronica Howell, Submission 228, p. 1.

[76]      Older People Speak Out, Submission 94, p. 3; Queensland Shelter, Submission 45, p. 2.

[77]      Mr Andrew Ball, Submission 85, p. 1.

[78]      Ms Tracey-Ann Douglas, Queensland Shelter, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2008, p. 19.

[79]      Australian Council of Social Service, A Fair Go For All Australians: International Comparisons, 2007,p. 30.

[80]      Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute, Rental Housing Provision for Lower-Income Older Australians: AHURI Final Report No. 96, May 2007, p. viii.

[81]      Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute, Rental Housing Provision for Lower-Income Older Australians: AHURI Final Report No. 96, May 2007, p. xi-xii.

[82]      Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, pp 68-69.

[83]      Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, pp 69-70.

[84]      Older People Speak Out, Submission 94, p. 3.

[85]      Committee Hansard, 23 August 2007, p. 77.

[86]      Council of Social Service of New South Wales, Submission 54, p. 4.

[87]      Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute, Rental Housing Provision for Lower-Income Older Australians: AHURI Final Report No. 96, May 2007, p. xi.

[88]      Palm Beach and Whale Beach Association, Submission 50, p. 2.

[89]      Palm Beach and Whale Beach Association, Submission 50, pp 2-3.

[90]      Ms Anne and Mr Bill Byrne, Submission 1, p. 1.

[91]      Ethnic Communities' Council of Victoria, Submission 53, p. 2.

[92]      Mr Stephen Thompson, Submission 215, p. 3.

[93]      Palm Beach and Whale Beach Association, Submission 50, pp 2-3.

[94]      National Seniors, Submission 60, p. 6; Salvation Army Australia Southern Territory, Submission 136, p. 8; Mr Graham Sharpe, Submission 82, p. 3; Name withheld, Submission 48, p. 2; Ms Shirley Prout, Submission 97, p. 2; Ms Shirley Fong, Submission 119, p. 1.

[95]      Superannuated Commonwealth Officers' Association Inc, Submission 52, p. 9.

[96]      Superannuated Commonwealth Officers' Association Inc, Submission 52, p. 6.

[97]      Australian Council of Social Service (ACOSS), Submission 211, p. 5.

[98]      National Seniors, Submission 60, p. 9.

[99]      Superannuated Commonwealth Officers' Association Inc, Submission 52, p. 6; Ethnic Communities' Council of Victoria, Submission 53, p. 2; Women's Action Alliance (Australian) Inc, Submission 93, p. 2; St Vincent de Paul Society National Council of Australia, Submission 92, pp 4-6.

[100]    St Vincent de Paul Society National Council of Australia, Submission 92, pp 4-6.

[101]    Australian Council of Social Service (ACOSS), Submission 211, p. 5.

[102]    Council of Social Service of New South Wales, Submission 54, p. 6.

[103]    These included Superannuated Commonwealth Officers' Association Inc, Submission 52, p. 6; Australian Pensioners' & Superannuants' League QLD Inc, Submission 1, pp. 1-2; Women's Action Alliance, Committee Hansard, 23 August 2007, p. 50; Brotherhood of St Laurence, Committee Hansard, 23 August 2007, p. 37; COTA Over 50s, Committee Hansard, 23 August 2007, p. 62; Salvation Army Southern Territory, Committee Hansard, 23 August 2007, p. 18; Ethnic Communities Council of Victoria, Committee Hansard, 23 August 2007, p. 44; Name withheld, Submission 105, p. 1; Name withheld, Submissions 108, p. 1; Ms Shirley Fong, Submission 119, p. 1; Ms Elayne Whatman, Submission 134, p. 1; N P Krishnan, Submission 132, p. 2; Name withheld, Submission 139, p. 1; Ms Dorothy Ratnarajah, Submission 156, p. 1; Mr Leonard Hainsworth, Submission 183, p. 2; Mrs Teddy Thompson, Submission 99, p. 3; Ms Joan Cordeau, Submission 179, p. 3.

[104]    Salvation Army Australia Southern Territory, Submission 136, p. 6. See also Mr Don and Mrs Elma Butler, Submission 37, p. 1.

[105]    Superannuated Commonwealth Officers' Association Inc, Submission 52, p. 6.

[106]    Council of Social Service of New South Wales, Submission 54, p. 6.

[107]    Wide Bay Women's Health Centre, Submission 55, p. 6.

[108]    Wide Bay Women's Health Centre, Submission 55, pp. 5-6; Superannuated Commonwealth Officers' Association Inc, Submission 52, p. 6; Thirroul Retired Mineworkers' Association, Submission 4, p. 3; Name withheld, Submission 149, p. 2; Australian Manufacturing Workers' Union, Submission 204, p. 6; Catholic Social Services Australia, Submission 95, p. 5; Brotherhood of St Laurence, Committee Hansard, 23 August 2007, p. 33.

[109]    St Vincent de Paul Society National Council of Australia, Submission 92, p. 8.

[110]    Ethnic Communities' Council of Victoria, Submission 53, p. 2.

[111]    Dr Paul Henman, Submission 218, p. 7.

[112]    Australian Council of Social Service (ACOSS), Submission 211, pp 2-3.

[113]    Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, pp 53-54.

[114]    Productivity Commission, An ageing Australia: Small Beer or Big Bucks?, 2004, pp 16-17.

[115]    Australian Council of Social Services (ACOSS), Submission 211, p. 2.

[116]    St Vincent de Paul Society National Council of Australia, Submission 92, pp 4-6.

[117]    National Seniors, Submission 60, p. 7.

[118]    Aids Council of New South Wales, Submission 212, p. 10.

[119]    Mr David and Ms Elizabeth Jeffrey, Submission 113, p. 2.

[120]    Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, pp 55-56.

[121]    Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, p. 56.

[122]    Mr Stan Smith, Submission 111, p. 1; Ms Millicent Seddon, Submission 145, p. 1; Mr Brian Smith, Submission 81, p. 1; Mr Graham Sharpe, Submission 82, p. 3; Mr Geoff Irwin, Submission 30, p. 1.

[123]    Mr Brian Smith, Submission 81, p. 1.

[124]    Salvation Army Australia Southern Territory, Submission 136, p. 8.

[125]    Mr Charles Groves, Submission 11, pp 8, 10, 12.

[126]    Aged Care Lobby Group, Submission 40, p. 3.

[127]    St Vincent de Paul Society National Council of Australia, Submission 92, p. 8.

[128]    Name withheld, Submission 169, p. 1.

[129]    Australian Council of Social Service (ACOSS), Submission 211, p. 4.

[130]    AMP & the National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling, 'Tomorrow's Consumers', December 2006, AMP.NATSEM Income and Wealth Report Issue 15, p. 2.

[131]    Simon Kelly & Ann Harding, 'Funding the Retirement of Baby Boomers', 2004, Agenda Volume 11 (2), pp 100, 107.

[132]    Brotherhood of St Laurence, Submission 57: Background Paper, Disadvantage and Older People, p. 17; Health Services Union, Submission 63, p. 3.

[133]    National Seniors, Submission 60, p. 8; Name withheld, Submission 27, p. 2.

[134]    Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, pp 57-59.

[135]    Mr P J and Ms BM McGowan, Submission 161, p. 1; Ms Marion Vann, Submission 202, p. 2.

[136]    Superannuated Commonwealth Officers' Association Inc, Submission 52, p. 10.

[137]    Ms Norma Gardner, Submission 121, pp 1-2.

[138]    Ms Joan Cordeau, Submission 179, p. 3.

[139]    Superannuated Commonwealth Officers' Association Inc, Submission 52, p. 10; Salvation Army Australia Southern Territory, Submission 136, p. 8.

[140]    Aged Care Lobby Group, Submission 40, p. 2.

[141]    National Rural Health Alliance Inc, Submission 91, pp 2, 4.

[142]    Australian Manufacturing Workers' Union, Submission 204, p. 13.

[143]    Council of Social Service of New South Wales, Submission 54, p. 6.

[144]    Cancer Council Australia, Submission 90, p. 4.

[145]    Department of Human Services, Victorian Population Health Survey 2004: Select Findings, February 2004, p. 8.

[146]    Australian Nursing Federation, Submission 61, p. 5.

[147]    The Hon. Peter Costellor, Treasurer, 'Australia's Demographic Challenges', 25 February 2004, www.treasurer.gov.au/tsr/contents/speeches/2004/003.asp, (accessed 13 July 2007).

[148]    Department of Human Services, Victorian Population Health Survey 2004: Select Findings, February 2004, pp 8, 10.

[149]    Wide Bay Women's Health Centre, Submission 55, p. 5; Superannuated Commonwealth Officers' Association Inc, Submission 52, p. 6; Mr Charles Groves, Submission 11, pp 2, 4, 6.

[150]    Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, p. 57.

[151]    Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, p. 57.

[152]    Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, p. 58.

[153]    Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, p. 58.

[154]    These included Association of Independent Retirees, Submission 2, p. 6; Older People Speak Out, Submission 94, p. 5; Australian Pensioners' & Superannuants' League QLD Inc, Submission 1, p. 2; Superannuated Commonwealth Officers' Association, Submission 52, p. 5; Council of Social Service of New South Wales, Submission 54, p. 7; Combined Pensioners & Superannuants Association of NSW Inc – Bellingen Branch, Submission 56, p. 1; Health Services Union, Submission 63, p. 3; Aged & Community Services Australia, Submission 64, p. 2; National Rural health Alliance, Submission 91, p. 11; Older People Speak Out, Submission 94, p. 5; Catholic Social Services Australia, Submission 95, p. 7; Salvation Army Australia Southern Territory, Submission 136, p. 11; Australian Manufacturing Workers' Union, Submission 204, p. 16; Aids Council of NSW, Submission 212, p. 6; Mr Robert Patterson, Submission 9, p. 1; Ms Dorothy Davies, Submission 71, p. 1; Mr Graham Sharp, Submission 82, p. 3; Mr Robert Shortridge, Submission 84, p. 2; Mr Colin Burt, Submission 106, p. 1; Name withheld, Submission 123, p. 2; Ms Virginia Boskovic, Submission 160, p. 3; Mr Wayne Koch, Submission 164, p. 5; Mr Keith & Mrs Evelyn Devereux, Submission 201, p. 1; Ms Pat Wood, Submission 210, p. 1.

[155]    St Vincent de Paul Society National Council of Australia, Submission 92, p. 8.

[156]    Health Services Union, Submission 63, pp 2-3.

[157]    Mr Colin Burt, Submission 106, p. 1.

[158]    Health Services Union, Submission 63, pp 2-3.

[159]    Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, p. 58.

[160]    Health Services Union, Submission 63, pp. 2-3.

[161]    These included Australian Pensioners' & Superannuants' League QLD Inc, Submission 1, p. 2; Thirroul Retired Mineworkers' Association, Submission 4, p. 1; Australian Council of Social Service (ACOSS), Submission 211, p. 4; Women's Action Alliance (Australian) Inc, Submission 93, p. 2; Aged Care Lobby Group, Submission 40, p. 3; Salvation Army Australia Southern Territory, Submission 136, p. 7; Newcastle Combined Pensioners Area Council, Submission 189, p. 1; Australian Manufacturing Workers' Union, Submission 204, p. 15; National Seniors Goodna Redbank Branch, Submission 39, p. 2; Combined Pensioners and Superannuants Association of NSW Inc – Bellingen Branch, Submission 56, p. 1; Ms Virginia Boskovic, Submission 160, p. 3; Ms Dorothy Davies, Submission 71, p. 1; Ms Irene Kirkwood, Submission 120, p. 1; Name withheld, Submission 149, p. 2; Mr Robert Shortridge, Submission 84, p. 2.

[162]    Australian Manufacturing Workers' Union, Submission 204, p. 15.

[163]    Miss P A Robb, Submission 151, p. 3.

[164]    Ms Elayne Whatman, Submission 134, p. 1.

[165]    Mr Cy D'Oliveira, Submission 131, p. 1.

[166]    Mr L D Arrowsmith, Submission 126, p. 1.

[167]    Mr Charles Groves, Submission 11, p. 2.

[168]    Tasmanian Department of Health and Human Services, Submission 137, p. 2.

[169]    Council of Social Service of New South Wales, Submission 54, p. 7.

[170]    Council of Social Service of New South Wales, Submission 54, p. 7.

[171]    Superannuated Commonwealth Officers' Association Inc, Submission 52, p. 7.

[172]    National Rural Health Alliance Inc, Submission 91, p. 11.

[173]    National Rural Health Alliance Inc, Submission 91, p. 11; Council of Social Service of New South Wales, Submission 54, p. 6; Wide Bay Women's Health Centre, Submission 55, pp. 6-7; Tasmanian Department of Health and Human Services, Submission 137, p. 4; Aged & Community Services Australia, Submission 64, p. 1.

[174]    National Seniors, Submission 60, p. 10.

[175]    Council of Social Service of New South Wales, Submission 54, p. 7; Catholic Social Services Australia, Submission 95, pp. 6-7; Wide Bay Women's Health Centre, Submission 55, pp. 6-7.

[176]    Aids Council of New South Wales, Submission 212, p. 6.

[177]    These included Older People Speak Out, Submission 94, p. 3; Australian Manufacturing Workers' Union, Submission 204, p. 10; Women's Action Alliance (Australian) Inc, Submission 93, p. 3; Combined Pensioners and Superannuants Association of NSW Inc – Bellingen Branch, Submission 56, p. 1; Mr Bernard and Mrs Barbara Murray, Submission 86, p. 4; Mr Brian Smith, Submission 81, p. 1; Mr Geoff Irwin, Submission 30, p. 1; Mr Donald White, Submission 32, p. 1; Name withheld, Submission 48, p. 2; Mr Andrew Ball, Submission 85, p. 2; Mr S W Wales, Submission 15, p. 1; Ms Janet Heslewood, Submission 22, p. 1; Mr Len and Mrs Gladys Staff, Submission 70, p. 1; Mr Colin Burt, Submission 106, p. 1; Mrs Audrey Kershaw, Submission 110, p. 1; Mr Stan Smith, Submission 111, p. 1; Mr David & Ms Elizabeth Jeffrey, Submission 113, p. 1; Mr Keith Thomson, Submission 114, p. 1; Ms Norma Gardner, Submission 121, attachment 3; Mr Cy D'Oliveira, Submission 131, p. 2; Mr L D Arrowsmith, Submission 126, pp. 2, 4; Miss P A Robb, Submission 151, p. 3; Ms Virginia Boskovic, Submission 160, p. 1; Mr Wayne Koch, Submission 164, p. 11; Ms Denise Scassola, Submission 166, p. 1; Mr Leonard Hainsworth, Submission 183, p. 2; Name withheld, Submission 185, p. 1; Mr Ian Foote, Submission 193, p. 1; Mr Keith and Mrs Evelyn Devereux, Submission 201, p. 1; Ms Enid Randon, Submission 170, p. 1; Mr Mauri Gailein, Submission 172, p. 1; Ms Catherine Laing, Submission 173, p. 1; Mr R G Draper, Submission 191, p. 1.

[178]    Combined Pensioners and Superannuants Association of NSW, Submission 46, p. 1.

[179]    Older People Speak Out, Submission 94, p. 3.

[180]    Mrs Audrey Kershaw, Submission 110, p. 1.

[181]    Combined Pensioners & Superannuants Association (CPSA), Submission 66, pp 8-9.

[182]    Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, p. 27.

[183]    Peter Saunders, 'Towards a Credible Poverty Framework: From Income Poverty to Deprivation', January 2004, Social Policy Research Centre Discussion Paper No: 131, p. 12.

Chapter 6 - Quality of life

[1]        Hobsons Bay City Council, Submission 3, Ageing Community Profile: Ageing Well Strategy 2007-2017, February 2007, p. 13.

[2]        Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, pp 11-12.

[3]        Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, p. 13.

[4]        Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, p. 13.

[5]        Committee Hansard, 23 August 2007, pp 4-5.

[6]        Kelly Burke, 'As Older Generation Kicks Back, Their Children Feel the Pinch', 17 March 2007, Sydney Morning Herald, p. 13.

[7]        Mrs Teddy Thompson, Submission 99, p. 4.

[8]        Wide Bay Women's Health Centre, Submission 55, p. 4.

[9]        COTA Over 50s, Submission 96, p. 3.

[10]      Combined Pensioners & Superannuants Association (CPSA), Submission 66, pp 8-9.

[11]      Brotherhood of St Laurence, Submission 57: Background Paper, Disadvantage and Older People, p. 20.

[12]      Older People Speak Out, Submission 94, p. 3.

[13]      Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, p. 65.

[14]      Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, pp 59-60.

[15]      Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, p. 65.

[16]      Council of Social Service of New South Wales, Submission 54, p. 8.

[17]      Aged & Community Services Australia, Submission 64, pp 1, 3.

[18]      Aged & Community Services Australia, Submission 64, pp 1, 3.

[19]      COTA Over 50s, Submission 96, p. 17.

[20]      Australian Council of Social Service, A Fair Go For All Australians: International Comparisons, 2007,p. 41.

[21]      Committee Hansard, 23 August 2007, p. 77.

[22]      Catholic Social Services Australia, Submission 95, p. 19.

[23]      National Rural Health Alliance Inc, Submission 91, p. 5.

[24]      Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, p. 62.

[25]      Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, p. 63.

[26]      Brotherhood of St Laurence, Submission 57: Background Paper, Disadvantage and Older People, p. 20.

[27]      These included Aged & Community Care Victoria, Submission 41, pp. 2-3; COTA Over 50s, Submission 96, p. 14; Catholic Social Services Australia, Submission 95, p. 19; Aged and Community Services Australia, Committee Hansard, 23 August 2007, p. 79.

[28]      Aged & Community Care Victoria, Submission 41, pp 2-3.

[29]      Council of Social Service of New South Wales, Submission 54, p. 5.

[30]      Name withheld, Submission 25, p. 2.

[31]      Brotherhood of St Laurence, Submission 57: Background Paper, Disadvantage and Older People, p. 20.

[32]      Aged and Community Services Australia, Committee Hansard, 23 August 2007, p. 79.

[33]      Aged and Community Services Australia, Committee Hansard, 23 August 2007, p. 79.

[34]      Aids Council of New South Wales, Submission 212, p. 7.

[35]      COTA National Seniors Partnership, Submission 184 to the 2004 Inquiry on Poverty and Financial Hardship, p. 13.

[36]      Brotherhood of St Laurence, Submission 57: Background Paper, Disadvantage and Older People, p. 23.

[37]      Thirroul Retired Mineworkers' Association, Submission 4, p. 2.

[38]      Carers South Australia, Submission 58, p. 1.

[39]      Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Older Australians at a Glance 4^th Ed., November 2007, p. viii.

[40]      Council of Social Service of New South Wales, Submission 54, p. 8; National Seniors, Submission 60, p. 7; Catholic Social Services Australia, Submission 95, p. 10.

[41]      Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, p. 74; National Disability Services, Submission 51, pp 1-2; KinKare, Submission 6, pp 3-4; National Seniors Goodna Redbank Branch, Submission 39, p. 2.

[42]      Mr Don and Mrs Elma Butler, Submission 37, p. 1.

[43]      Catholic Social Services Australia, Submission 95, p. 11.

[44]      Catholic Social Services Australia, Submission 95, p. 11.

[45]      Salvation Army Australia Southern Territory, Submission 136, p. 10.

[46]      KinKare, Submission 6, p. 5.

[47]      National Disability Services, Submission 51, pp 1-2.

[48]      Catholic Social Services Australia, Submission 95, p. 11.

[49]      Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, p. 72.

[50]      Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, p. 73.

[51]      Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, pp 72-73.

[52]      Committee Hansard, Additional budget estimates, 20.02.08, p.CA89 (FaHCSIA).

[53]      Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, pp 75-76.

[54]      Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, pp 75-76.

[55]      Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, p. 75.

[56]      Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, p. 75.

[57]      Mr Frank Quinlan, Catholic Social Services Australia, Committee Hansard, 8 February 2008, p. 33.

[58]      Tasmanian Department of Health and Human Services, Submission 137, p. 5.

[59]      Michael Hillier: Brotherhood Community Care, Rebuilding Connections, Creating Opportunities for Socially Isolated Older Australians, Evaluation of the Brotherhood of St Laurence Community Care Socialisation Plan, pp vi, 1-2.

[60]      Queensland Shelter, Submission 45, p. 2.

[61]      Superannuated Commonwealth Officers' Association Inc, Submission 52, p. 7.

[62]      Catholic Social Services Australia, Submission 95, p. 11.

[63]      National Seniors Goodna Redbank Branch, Submission 39, p. 2.

[64]      Mr Bernard and Mrs Barbara Murray, Submission 86, p. 2.

[65]      Ms Nea Campbell, Submission 33, p. 2.

[66]      Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Older Australians at a Glance 4^th Ed., November 2007, p. ix.

[67]      These submissions included Ms Virginia Boskovic, Submission 160, p. 2; Ms Denise Scassola, Submission 166, p. 1; Ms Shirley Prout, Submission 97, p. 2; Mrs Teddy Thompson, Submission 99, p. 3.

[68]      These submissions included Ms Maxine Visser, Submission 88, p. 1; Mr Bernard and Mrs Barbara Murray, Submission 86, p. 3; Mrs Josephine Sands, Submission 130, p. 1; Miss P A Robb, Submission 151, p. 3; Mr Leonard Hainsworth, Submission 183, p. 2; Ms Margaret Jones, Submission 184, p. 1; COTA Over 50s, Committee Hansard, 23 August 2007, p. 66.

[69]      Mr Bernard and Mrs Barbara Murray, Submission 86, p. 3.

[70]      Ms Margaret Jones, Submission 184, p. 1; Mr Ralph Foster, Submission 102, p. 1.

[71]      Australian Government Office for Women, Women: Aspects of Retirement for Older Women, 2006, p. 3.

[72]      Australian Family Association, Submission 7, p. 3.

[73]      Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute, Ageing in place: intergenerational and intrafamilial housing transfers and shifts in later life: AHURI Final Report No. 88, October 2005, p. viii.

[74]      Council of Social Service of New South Wales, Submission 54, p. 11.

[75]      Catholic Social Services Australia, Submission 95, p. 9.

[76]      National Seniors, Submission 60, p. 12.

[77]      National Seniors, Submission 60, p. 12.

[78]      Superannuated Commonwealth Officers' Association Inc, Submission 52, p. 7.

[79]      Council of Social Service of New South Wales, Submission 54, p. 11.

[80]      These included Mr Robert Shortridge, Submission 84, p. 2; Ms Mary Maxwell, Submission 34, p. 4; Mrs Margaret Ryan, Submission 100, p. 3; Mr Stan Smith, Submission 111, p. 1; Mr Keith and Mrs Evelyn Devereux, Submission 201, p. 1.

[81]      Mr Robert Shortridge, Submission 84, p. 2.

[82]      Jordan Baker, 'Poor on fringes will be isolated as car costs rise', 28 June 2007, Sydney Morning Herald, p. 9.

[83]      National Seniors, Submission 60, p. 15.

[84]      These submissions included Australian Pensioners' & Superannuants' League QLD Inc, Submission 1, p. 1; Aged Care Lobby Group, Submission 40, pp. 1, 3-4; Thirroul Retired Mineworkers' Association, Submission 4, p. 3; Combined Pensioners and Superannuants Association of NSW Inc – Bellingen Branch, Submission 56, p. 2; Women's Action Alliance (Australian) Inc, Submission 93, p. 2; Wide Bay Women's Health Centre, Submission 55, p. 4; National Rural Health Alliance Inc, Submission 91, pp. 2-3; Australian Nursing Federation, Submission 61, p. 5; COTA Over 50s, Submission 96, p. 13; Name withheld, Submission 105, p. 1; Name withheld, Submission 123, p. 2; Peter and Janice Groves, Submission 29, p. 1; Mr L D Arrowsmith, Submission 126, p. 2; Mr Lindsay Kayess, Submission 115, p. 2; Ms Enid Randon, Submission 170, p. 1; Name withheld, Submission 149, p. 3.

[85]      Name withheld, Submission 48, p. 2; The Corrimal Pensioners and Superannuants Association, Submission 177, p. 1.

[86]      Peter and Janice Groves, Submission 29, p. 1.

[87]      Mr Lindsay Kayess, Submission 115, p. 2.

Chapter 7 - Government policies and initiatives

[1]        Simon Kelly & Ann Harding, 'Funding the Retirement of Baby Boomers', 2004, Agenda Volume 11 (2), p. 99.

[2]        Simon Kelly & Ann Harding, 'Retirement Incomes and Australia's Ageing Population', 2006, Engaging the New World: Responses to the Knowledge Economy, p. 360.

[3]        AMP & the National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling, 'May the Labour Force Be With You', November 2005, AMP.NATSEM Income and Wealth Report Issue 12, p. 20.

[4]        Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, p. 22.

[5]        Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, p. 27.

[6]        Superannuated Commonwealth Officers' Association Inc, Submission 52, p. 9.

[7]        Australian Pensioners' & Superannuants' League QLD Inc, Submission 1, p. 3.

[8]        Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, pp 22-23.

[9]        Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, pp 25-27.

[10]      Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, pp 83-84.

[11]      ABC News, Government to Boost Veterans' Pensions, 12 September 2007, http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/09/11/2030328.htm?section=justin.

[12]      Mr Don and Mrs Elma Butler, Submission 37, p. 1.

[13]      National Institute of Accountants, Submission 67, p. 4.

[14]      The Brotherhood of St Laurence, Committee Hansard, 23 August 2007, pp 27-28.

[15]      National Seniors, Submission 60, p. 17.

[16]      Australian Pensioners' & Superannuants' League QLD Inc, Submission 1, pp 3-4.

[17]      Simon Kelly & Ann Harding, 'Funding the Retirement of Baby Boomers', 2004, Agenda Volume 11 (2), p. 106.

[18]      Deborah Schofield & George Rothman, 'Projections of Commonwealth Health Expenditure in Australia's First Intergenerational Report', 2007, Modelling Our Future: Population Ageing Health and Aged Care, International Symposia in Economic Theory and Econometrics Volume 16, p. 150.

[19]      Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, pp 42, 46.

[20]      Parliamentary Library Economic, Commerce and Industrial Relations Section, An Adequate Superannuation-based Retirement Income?, 16 March 2006, p. 24.

[21]      Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, pp 42, 46.

[22]      AMP & the National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling, 'The Lump Sum: Here Today, Gone Tomorrow', March 2004, AMP.NATSEM Income and Wealth Report Issue 7, p. ii.

[23]      The Hon. Gary Nairn MP, Special Minister for State, Better Super, Australia's Worked Hard for It: A Simple Guide to the Biggest Reform to Australian Superannuation Ever, 2007; The Hon. Peter Costello MP, Address to Australian Businesses, Ensuring Australia's Economic Prosperity: The Intergenerational Report, 10 April 2007, p. 3.

[24]      AMP & the National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling, 'Tomorrow's Consumers', December 2006, AMP.NATSEM Income and Wealth Report Issue 15, p. 2.

[25]      Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, p. 47.

[26]      Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, p. 45.

[27]      Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, p. 23.

[28]      National Institute of Accountants, Submission 67, p. 4.

[29]      National Institute of Accountants, Submission 67, p. 9.

[30]      Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, pp 6, 10.

[31]      COTA Over 50s, Submission 96, p. 3.

[32]      Australian Council of Social Services (ACOSS), Submission 211, p. 2; National Institute of Accountants, Submission 67, p. 5; Australian Family Association, Submission 7, p. 3; Catholic Social Services Australia, Submission 95, p. 14; COTA Over 50s, Submission 96, p. 15; Ms Virginia Boskovic, Submission 160, p. 3.

[33]      Australian Council of Social Services (ACOSS), Submission 211, p. 2; National Institute of Accountants, Submission 67, p. 5.

[34]      National Institute of Accountants, Submission 67, p. 5.

[35]      Australian Family Association, Submission 7, p. 3.

[36]      COTA Over 50s, Submission 96, p. 15.

[37]      Catholic Social Services Australia, Submission 95, pp 13-14.

[38]      Catholic Social Services Australia, Submission 95, p. 9.

[39]      Catholic Social Services Australia, Submission 95, p. 14; Name withheld, Submission 48, p. 4.

[40]      Senate Select Committee on Superannuation, Report on the adequacy of tax arrangements for superannuation and related policy, December 2002, Recommendation 4.

[41]      Government response to the Senate Select Committee on Superannuation Report, p. 5.

[42]      Superannuated Commonwealth Officers' Association Inc, Submission 52, p. 8.

[43]      Superannuated Commonwealth Officers' Association Inc, Submission 52, p. 8.

[44]      National Seniors, Submission 60, p. 16.

[45]      Older People Speak Out, Submission 94, p. 4.

[46]      National Institute of Accountants, Submission 67, p. 6.

[47]      Mr T.A.D. Jenkins, Submission 19, pp 1-4.

[48]      Aids Council of New South Wales, Submission 212, p. 6.

[49]      Australian Council of Social Service, A Fair Go For All Australians: International Comparisons, 2007,pp 47-48.

[50]      Productivity Commission, An ageing Australia: Small Beer or Big Bucks?, 2004, p. 27.

[51]      Michael Keating, 'Increased Labour Force Participation', 1 March 2004, Australia's Ageing Population: Fiscal, Labour Market and Social Implications, Volume 51, pp 66-67.

[52]      AMP & the National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling, 'The Lump Sum: Here Today, Gone Tomorrow', March 2004, AMP.NATSEM Income and Wealth Report Issue 7, p. 10.

[53]      Michael Keating, 'Increased Labour Force Participation', 1 March 2004, Australia's Ageing Population: Fiscal, Labour Market and Social Implications, Volume 51, p. 71.

[54]      The Hon. John Howard, Prime Minister, Address to Symposium on Mature Age Employment, 27 August, http://www.pm.gov.au/media/Speech/2003/speech462.cfm, (accessed 13 July 2007).

[55]      The Hon. Peter Costello MP, Address to Australian Businesses, Ensuring Australia's Economic Prosperity: The Intergenerational Report, 10 April 2007, p. 5.

[56]      Agnes Walker, 'Health Status, Health Inequalities and the Ability of Older Australians to Stay in the Labour Force', 2007, Modelling Our Future: Population Ageing Health and Aged Care, International Symposia in Economic Theory and Econometrics Volume 16, p. 106.

[57]      Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, p. 42.

[58]      Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, p. 47.

[59]      Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, p. 48.

[60]      Parliamentary Library Economic, Commerce and Industrial Relations Section, An Adequate Superannuation-based Retirement Income?, 16 March 2006, p. 14.

[61]      Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, pp 42, 48.

[62]      Association of Independent Retirees, Submission 2, p. 9.

[63]      AMP & the National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling, 'May the Labour Force Be With You', November 2005, AMP.NATSEM Income and Wealth Report Issue 12, p. 20; Simon Kelly & Ann Harding, 'Funding the Retirement of Baby Boomers', 2004, Agenda Volume 11 (2), p. 107.

[64]      Ms Mary Maxwell, Submission 34, p. 2.

[65]      Parliamentary Library Economic, Commerce and Industrial Relations Section, An Adequate Superannuation-based Retirement Income?, 16 March 2006, p. 13.

[66]      AMP & the National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling, 'Baby boomers – doing it for themselves', March 2007, AMP.NATSEM Income and Wealth Report Issue 16, pp 2, 5, 21.

[67]      Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, p. 44.

[68]      The Hon. Peter Costello MP, Address to Australian Businesses, Ensuring Australia's Economic Prosperity: The Intergenerational Report, 10 April 2007, p. 5.

[69]      The Hon. Peter Costello MP, Address to Australian Businesses, Ensuring Australia's Economic Prosperity: The Intergenerational Report, 10 April 2007, p. 5; Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, p. 45.

[70]      Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, p. 45.

[71]      National Institute of Accountants, Submission 67, p. 8.

[72]      AMP & the National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling, 'Baby boomers – doing it for themselves', March 2007, AMP.NATSEM Income and Wealth Report Issue 16, p. 21.

[73]      AMP & the National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling, 'Tomorrow's Consumers', December 2006, AMP.NATSEM Income and Wealth Report Issue 15, p. 1.

[74]      Ann Harding, Analysing Australia's Aging Population: A Demographic Picture, 27 September 2005, Paper presented to 'Australia's Ageing Population Summit 2005', Financial Review Conferences, p. 2.

[75]      AMP & the National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling, 'The Lump Sum: Here Today, Gone Tomorrow', March 2004, AMP.NATSEM Income and Wealth Report Issue 7, p. 2.

[76]      AMP & the National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling, 'May the Labour Force Be With You', November 2005, AMP.NATSEM Income and Wealth Report Issue 12, pp 1-2.

[77]      Brotherhood of St Laurence, Submission 57: Background Paper, Disadvantage and Older People, p. 10.

[78]      AMP & the National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling, 'Baby boomers – doing it for themselves', March 2007, AMP.NATSEM Income and Wealth Report Issue 16, p. 2.

[79]      Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, p. 45.

[80]      Lucinda Schmidt, 'Action Plan', 13 July 2005, Sydney Morning Herald, p, 8; Parliamentary Library Economic, Commerce and Industrial Relations Section, An Adequate Superannuation-based Retirement Income?, 16 March 2006, p. 14.

[81]      Older People Speak Out, Submission 94, p. 4.

[82]      Simon Kelly & Ann Harding, 'Funding the Retirement of Baby Boomers', 2004, Agenda Volume 11 (2), pp 107-108.

[83]      AMP & the National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling, 'Baby boomers – doing it for themselves', March 2007, AMP.NATSEM Income and Wealth Report Issue 16, pp. 2, 5, 21.

[84]      Megan O'Connell, 'The Role of Training in Preventing the Labour Market Exclusion of Older Workers', February 2005, refereed paper presented to the Transitions and Risk: New Directions in Social Policy Conference, Centre for Public Policy, University of Melbourne, p. 12.

[85]      Committee Hansard, 23 August 2007, p. 5.

[86]      Brotherhood of St Laurence, Submission 57: Background Paper, Disadvantage and Older People, pp 10, 12.

[87]      AMP & the National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling, 'May the Labour Force Be With You', November 2005, AMP.NATSEM Income and Wealth Report Issue 12, pp 2, 20.

[88]      Michael Keating, 'Increased Labour Force Participation', 1 March 2004, Australia's Ageing Population: Fiscal, Labour Market and Social Implications, Volume 51, p. 69.

[89]      AMP & the National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling, 'The Lump Sum: Here Today, Gone Tomorrow', March 2004, AMP.NATSEM Income and Wealth Report Issue 7, p. 3.

[90]      Australian Government Office for Women, Women: Aspects of Retirement for Older Women, 2006, p. 7.

[91]      Megan O'Connell, 'The Role of Training in Preventing the Labour Market Exclusion of Older Workers', February 2005, Refereed paper presented to the Transitions and Risk: New Directions in Social Policy Conference, Centre for Public Policy, University of Melbourne, p. 3.

[92]      Australian Government Office for Women, Women: Aspects of Retirement for Older Women, 2006, p. 3.

[93]      Brotherhood of St Laurence, Submission 57: Background Paper, Disadvantage and Older People, p. 13.

[94]      Brotherhood of St Laurence, Submission 57: Background Paper, Disadvantage and Older People, p. 13.

[95]      Michael Keating, 'Increased Labour Force Participation', 1 March 2004, Australia's Ageing Population: Fiscal, Labour Market and Social Implications, Volume 51, pp 67-70.

[96]      Hobsons Bay City Council, Submission 3, Ageing Community Profile: Ageing Well Strategy 2007-2017, February 2007, pp 6, 37-43.

[97]      Committee Hansard, 23 August 2007, p. 20.

[98]      Brotherhood of St Laurence, Submission 57: Background Paper, Disadvantage and Older People, pp 13-14.

[99]      Megan O'Connell, 'The Role of Training in Preventing the Labour Market Exclusion of Older Workers', February 2005, Refereed paper presented to the Transitions and Risk: New Directions in Social Policy Conference, Centre for Public Policy, University of Melbourne, p. 4.

[100]    Agnes Walker, 'Health Status, Health Inequalities and the Ability of Older Australians to Stay in the Labour Force', 2007, Modelling Our Future: Population Ageing Health and Aged Care, International Symposia in Economic Theory and Econometrics Volume 16, pp 106, 116-117, 121.

[101]    Megan O'Connell, 'The Role of Training in Preventing the Labour Market Exclusion of Older Workers', February 2005, Refereed paper presented to the Transitions and Risk: New Directions in Social Policy Conference, Centre for Public Policy, University of Melbourne, pp 5-8.

[102]    Megan O'Connell, 'The Role of Training in Preventing the Labour Market Exclusion of Older Workers', February 2005, Refereed paper presented to the Transitions and Risk: New Directions in Social Policy Conference, Centre for Public Policy, University of Melbourne, p. 9.

[103]    Megan O'Connell, 'The Role of Training in Preventing the Labour Market Exclusion of Older Workers', February 2005, Refereed paper presented to the Transitions and Risk: New Directions in Social Policy Conference, Centre for Public Policy, University of Melbourne, pp 6-7.

[104]    Megan O'Connell, 'The Role of Training in Preventing the Labour Market Exclusion of Older Workers', February 2005, Refereed paper presented to the Transitions and Risk: New Directions in Social Policy Conference, Centre for Public Policy, University of Melbourne, p. 7.

[105]    Megan O'Connell, 'The Role of Training in Preventing the Labour Market Exclusion of Older Workers', February 2005, Refereed paper presented to the Transitions and Risk: New Directions in Social Policy Conference, Centre for Public Policy, University of Melbourne, p. 7.

[106]    Deborah Schofield & George Rothman, 'Projections of Commonwealth Health Expenditure in Australia's First Intergenerational Report', 2007, Modelling Our Future: Population Ageing Health and Aged Care, International Symposia in Economic Theory and Econometrics Volume 16, pp 151-155, 162.

[107]    Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, p. 49.

[108]    Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, p. 49.

[109]    Deborah Schofield & George Rothman, 'Projections of Commonwealth Health Expenditure in Australia's First Intergenerational Report', 2007, Modelling Our Future: Population Ageing Health and Aged Care, International Symposia in Economic Theory and Econometrics Volume 16, pp 151-157; Laurie Brown, Annie Abello, Ben Phillips and Ann Harding, 'The Australian Pharmaceuticals Benefit Scheme and Older Australians: Changes in Government Outlays and Consumer Costs from the 2002-03 Federal Budget Measures', 2007, Modelling Our Future: Population Ageing Health and Aged Care, International Symposia in Economic Theory and Econometrics Volume 16, pp 170-172, 182.

[110]    Laurie Brown, Annie Abello, Ben Phillips and Ann Harding, 'The Australian Pharmaceuticals Benefit Scheme and Older Australians: Changes in Government Outlays and Consumer Costs from the 2002-03 Federal Budget Measures', 2007, Modelling Our Future: Population Ageing Health and Aged Care, International Symposia in Economic Theory and Econometrics Volume 16, pp 170-172, 182-184.

[111]    Laurie Brown, Annie Abello, Ben Phillips and Ann Harding, 'The Australian Pharmaceuticals Benefit Scheme and Older Australians: Changes in Government Outlays and Consumer Costs from the 2002-03 Federal Budget Measures', 2007, Modelling Our Future: Population Ageing Health and Aged Care, International Symposia in Economic Theory and Econometrics Volume 16, p. 190.

[112]    Laurie Brown, Annie Abello, Ben Phillips and Ann Harding, 'The Australian Pharmaceuticals Benefit Scheme and Older Australians: Changes in Government Outlays and Consumer Costs from the 2002-03 Federal Budget Measures', 2007, Modelling Our Future: Population Ageing Health and Aged Care, International Symposia in Economic Theory and Econometrics Volume 16, pp 171, 191.

[113]    Deborah Schofield & George Rothman, 'Projections of Commonwealth Health Expenditure in Australia's First Intergenerational Report', 2007, Modelling Our Future: Population Ageing Health and Aged Care, International Symposia in Economic Theory and Econometrics Volume 16, pp 153-155.

[114]    Laurie Brown, Annie Abello, Ben Phillips and Ann Harding, 'The Australian Pharmaceuticals Benefit Scheme and Older Australians: Changes in Government Outlays and Consumer Costs from the 2002-03 Federal Budget Measures', 2007, Modelling Our Future: Population Ageing Health and Aged Care, International Symposia in Economic Theory and Econometrics Volume 16, p. 191.

[115]    The Hon. Peter Costello MP, Address to Australian Businesses, Ensuring Australia's Economic Prosperity: The Intergenerational Report, 10 April 2007, p. 5; Deborah Schofield & George Rothman, 'Projections of Commonwealth Health Expenditure in Australia's First Intergenerational Report', 2007, Modelling Our Future: Population Ageing Health and Aged Care, International Symposia in Economic Theory and Econometrics Volume 16, pp 153-155.

[116]    Laurie Brown, Annie Abello, Ben Phillips and Ann Harding, 'The Australian Pharmaceuticals Benefit Scheme and Older Australians: Changes in Government Outlays and Consumer Costs from the 2002-03 Federal Budget Measures', 2007, Modelling Our Future: Population Ageing Health and Aged Care, International Symposia in Economic Theory and Econometrics Volume 16, pp 174, 185, 192.

[117]    Laurie Brown, Annie Abello, Ben Phillips and Ann Harding, 'The Australian Pharmaceuticals Benefit Scheme and Older Australians: Changes in Government Outlays and Consumer Costs from the 2002-03 Federal Budget Measures', 2007, Modelling Our Future: Population Ageing Health and Aged Care, International Symposia in Economic Theory and Econometrics Volume 16, pp 174, 185, 192.

[118]    Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 138, pp 25-27.

Chapter 8 - Conclusion

[1]        The Hon. John Howard, Prime Minister, Address to Symposium on Mature Age Employment, 27 August, http://www.pm.gov.au/media/Speech/2003/speech462.cfm, (accessed 13 July 2007).

[2]        Simon Kelly & Ann Harding, 'Funding the Retirement of Baby Boomers', 2004, Agenda Volume 11 (2), p. 111.

[3]        Hazel Lim-Applegate, Peter McLean, Phil Lindenmayer and Ben Wallace, 'New Age Pensioners—Trends in Wealth', 2007, Australian Social Policy 2006, p. 2.

[4]        Simon Kelly & Ann Harding, 'Retirement Incomes and Australia's Ageing Population', 2006, Engaging the New World: Responses to the Knowledge Economy, p. 362.

[5]        Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Committee Hansard, 20 September 2007, pp 15-16.