Footnotes

Chapter 1 - Introduction

[1]        Speech Pathology Australia, Submission 224, p. 5.

[2]        Letter from Ms Christine Stone, National President of Speech Pathology Australia to the Committee Secretary, Senate Community References Affairs Committee, dated 24 June 2011.

[3]        See submissions 89, 95, 103, 106, 108, 113, 115, 119, 166, 167, 179, 181, 183, 184, 189, 193, 198, 207, 211, 215, 219, 237, 241, 248, 249, 251, 252, 254, 281, 287–298.

[4]        See submissions 88, 102, 154, 162, 200, 205, 206, 246, 255, 267.

[5]        Submission 224

[6]        See submissions 62, 64, 83, 86, 91, 93, 94, 96, 99, 104, 127, 141, 144, 146, 148, 149, 151, 152, 232, 235, 238, 239, 242, 244, 245, 253, 264.

[7]        See submissions 121, 161, 169, 188, 263.

[8]        See submissions 90, 100, 117, 118, 120, 122, 123, 124, 130, 131, 132, 134, 155, 172, 174, 185, 209, 214, 216, 220, 222, 226, 230, 231, 233, 256, 259, 260, 269, 270, 275.

[9]        See submissions 15, 32, 53, 72, 73, 75, 81, 85, 97, 98, 105, 139, 160, 161, 169, 202, 203, 213, 217, 225, 234, 236, 257, 261, 262.

[10]      See submissions 65, 70, 71, 83, 90, 99, 107, 142, 170, 171, 177, 178, 228, 272, 286.

[11]      See submissions 111 (Tasmanian Education Department), 147 (South Australian Department of Education), 265 (Tasmanian Department of Health), 268 (Queensland Premier), 271 (NSW Health), 273 (ACT Chief Minister).

Chapter 2 - Why is early and effective intervention in speech, language and communication disorders so important?

[1]        Submission 224, p. 6.

[2]        Australian Stuttering Research Centre, Submission 188, p. 1.

[3]        Submission 188, p. 1.

[4]        The Centre for Excellence in Childhood Language incorporates research by the Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Deakin University and the Parenting Research Centre in Melbourne, as well as international collaborators at the University of Newcastle in the United Kingdom and the University of Iowa in the United States. The project is funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council until 2017.

[5]        Submission 161, p. 2.

[6]        Associate Professor Reilly currently holds various positions. She is Associate Director of Clinical and Public Health at the Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Professor of Paediatric Speech Pathology at the University of Melbourne, and Honorary Speech Pathologist at the Royal Children’s Hospital. She has held an NHMRC Practitioner Fellowship since 2008 and is a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Social Sciences, the UK Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists and Speech Pathology Australia. Professor Reilly is also an Honorary Professor with the Australian Stuttering Research Centre at the University of Sydney, a Visiting Professor at the Neurosciences Unit with Institute of Child Health at the University of London and a Visiting Fellow at the University of Newcastle upon Tyne. Submission 161, p. 17.

[7]        Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 17.

[8]        Submission 169, p. 5.

[9]        Submission 233, p. 5.

[10]      Associates Professors Patrica McCabe and Kirrie Ballard; Drs Angela Morgan, Elizabeth Murray and Alison Purcell; Ms Donna Thomas, Ms Jacqueline McKechnie and Ms Jacqui Lim, Submission 225, p. 1.

[11]      The Peninsula Model is a partnership model to support local service providers and other stakeholders work together in planning and improving primary health services across the Frankston and Mornington Peninsula catchment. The Model initiated the Children's Health Alliance. Submission 134, p. 3.

[12]      Submission 134, p. 15.

[13]      Submission 134, p. 15.

[14]      Name withheld, Submission 95, p. 1.

[15]      Committee Hansard, 27 June 2014, p. 53.

[16]      The Apunipima Cape York Health Council, Submission 126, p. 14. Vanderpoll, T., & Howard, D. (2012). Massive Prevalence of Hearing Loss among Aboriginal Inmates in the Northern Territory. Indigenous Law Bulletin, pp 3–7.

[17]      The Apunipima Cape York Health Council, Submission 126, p. 14.

[18]      Submission 32, pp 2–3.

[19]      Submission 32, p. 4.

[20]      Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 17.

[21]      Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 17.

[22]      Committee Hansard, 12 June 2014, p. 22.

[23]      Centre for Cerebral Palsy, Submission 117, p. 3.

[24]      Name withheld, Submission 115, p. 1.

Chapter 3 - The prevalence of speech, language and swallowing disorders in Australia and the incidence of these disorders by demographic group

[1]        Australian Bureau of Statistics, Disability, Ageing and Carers, Australia, Summary of Findings 2012, Catalogue Number 4430.0, http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/4430.0 (accessed 28 August 2014). Speech Pathology Australia, Submission 224, p. 21.

[2]        Speech Pathology Australia, Submission 224, p. 21.

[3]        Speech Pathology Australia, Submission 224, p. 21. See also Ms Gail Mulcair, Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 3.

[4]        Speech Pathology Australia, Submission 224, p. 21.

[5]        Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, pp 10–11.

[6]        Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 4.

[7]        Submission 224, p. 21.

[8]        Submission 224, p. 79.

[9]        Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 3.

[10]      Ms Gail Mulcair, Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 3.

[11]      The committee has received written submissions and taken verbal evidence from many of these Centres and has been impressed with their work programs and detailed research output. It was particularly impressed with the work of Professor Mark Onslow of the Australian Stuttering Research Centre.

[12]      Submission 257, p. 7.

[13]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, Profiles of Disability—Australia, 2009, Catalogue No. 4429.0, http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/DetailsPage/4429.02009?OpenDocument (accessed 16 August 2014).

[14]      Submission 257, p. 7.

[15]      Submission 257, p. 7.

[16]      Submission 72, p. 2.

[17]      Submission 72, p. 2.

[18]      McLeod, S., & McKinnon, D. H. (2007), 'The prevalence of communication disorders compared with other learning needs in 14,500 primary and secondary school students', International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders, 42 (S1), 37–59.

[19]      Harrison, L. J., McLeod, S., Berthelsen, D., & Walker, S. (2009). Literacy, numeracy and learning in school-aged children identified as having Speech and language impairment in early childhood. International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 11(5), 392–403.
McCormack, J., Harrison, L. J., McLeod, S., & McAllister, L. (2011). A nationally representative study of the association between communication impairment at 4-5 years and children's life activities at 7–9 years. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing, 54(5),
pp 1328–1348.

[20]      Harrison, L. J. & McLeod, S. (2008, November). School adjustment and achievement in children identified as having speech and language impairment at age 4-5 years. Australian Association for Research in Education, Brisbane.

[21]      Submission 134, p. 8.

[22]      Submission 161, p. 5.

[23]      Submission 32, p. 2.

[24]      Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 12.

[25]      Submission 26, p. 4.

[26]      Submission 105, p. 12.

[27]      Flinders University, submission 75, p. 2; Broken Hill Rural Department of Health, Submission 105, p. 12.

[28]      Deadly Ears, Submission 130, p. 1.

[29]      Submission 126, p. 11.

[30]      Committee Hansard, 27 June 2014, p. 53.

[31]      Submission 73, p. 1.

[32]      Submission 187, p. 1.

[33]      Submission 187, p. 2.

[34]      Submission 191, p. 3.

[35]      Submission 191, p. 3.

[36]      Centre for Clinical Research Excellence Aphasia Rehabilitation, Submission 169, p. 2.

[37]      Boyle, C., Boulet, S., Schieve, L., Cohen, R., Blumberg, S., Yeargin-Allsopp, M., et al. (2011). Trends in the prevalence of developmental disabilities in US children, 1997–2008. Pediatrics, 34, 385–395. Referred to in submission from Professor Mark Onslow, Submission 188.

[38]      Bloodstein, O, & Bernstein Ratner, N. (2008). A handbook on stuttering (6th Edition). Clifton Park: Delmar. Referred to in submission from Professor Mark Onslow, Submission 188.

[39]      Submission 81, p. 5.

[40]      Submission 90, p. 2.

Chapter 4 - The demand for speech pathology services in Australia

[1]        Department of Human Services, Medicare statistics, Item number 10970

[2]        Mr Benjamin Wallace, Committee Hansard, 20 June 2014, p. 2.

[3]        Australian Bureau of Statistics, Australian Health Survey: Health Service Usage and Health Related Actions, 2011–12, Catalogue No. 4364.0.55.002, http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Latestproducts/4364.0.55.002Contents2011-12?opendocument&tabname=Summary&prodno=4364.0.55.002&issue=2011-12&num=&view=  (accessed 28 August 2014).

[4]        Submission 265, p. 7.

[5]        Centre for Clinical Research Excellence in Aphasia Rehabilitation, Submission 169, p. 6.

[6]        Associate Professors Patricia McCabe and Kirrie Ballard, and Dr Natalie Munro, Submission 85, pp 1–2.

[7]        Name withheld, Submission 142, pp 1–2.

[8]        Ms Monique Thompson, Submission 146, p. 1.

[9]        Name withheld, Submission 148, p. 2.

[10]      Name withheld, Submission 148, p. 2.

[11]      Ms Ellie Thompson, occupational therapist, Submission 152, p. 1.

[12]      Mrs Catherine Vardanega, Committee Hansard, 12 June 2014, p. 29. See also Mrs Catherine Vardanega, Submission 172.

[13]      The Anne McDonald Centre, Submission 231, p. 5.

[14]      Australian Education Union, Submission 257, p. 9.

[15]      Submission 190, p. 1.

[16]      Submission 257, p. 6.

[17]      Committee Hansard, 27 June 2014, p. 24.

[18]      Submission 192, p. 3.

[19]      Committee Hansard, 12 June 2014, p. 41.

[20]      Committee Hansard, 12 June 2014, p. 41.

[21]      Committee Hansard, 12 June 2014, p. 41.

[22]      Ms Sarah Verdon, Dr Linda Wilson, Dr Michelle Smith-Tamaray and Professor Lindy McAllister, Submission 186, p. 2.

[23]      Ms Elizabeth Forsyth, Committee Hansard, 12 June 2014, p. 4.

[24]      Submission 224, p. 1.

[25]      Submission 224, p. 14.

[26]      Speech Pathology Australia, South Australia Branch, Submission 226, pp 6–7.

[27]      Submission 224, p. 82.

[28]      National Disability Insurance Agency, Support clusters definitions and pricing, 12 May 2014 http://www.ndis.gov.au/document/875 (accessed 1 August 2014).

[29]      Submission 268, p. 4.

[30]      Submission 180, p. 2.

[31]      Submission 190, p. 8.

[32]      Submission 256, p. 2.

[33]      Submission 260, p. 16.

[34]      Submission 170, p. 3.

[35]      Submission 188, p. 5.

[36]      Submission 165, p. 4.

[37]      Submission 268, p. 4.

[38]      Submission 233, p. 5.

[39]      Professor Deborah Theodoros, Submission 234, pp 2–3.

[40]      Submission 216, p. 3.

[41]      Submission 216, p. 3.

[42]      Submission 160, p. 3.

[43]      See Queensland Government, Submission 268, p. 4; Speech Pathology Australia, Submission 224, pp 38–39.

Chapter 5 - The availability and adequacy of speech pathology services in Australia

[1]        Speech Pathology Australia, 'Speech pathology training and workforce in Australia—an overview', 24 June 2014, p. 2.

[2]        In its submission to the inquiry, SPA stated that it had 4,972 practising members as of December 2013. Submission 224, p. 84. It added: 'If we surmise that Speech Pathology Australia members make up approximately 60‐70 % of the total workforce then there were approximately 1,500‐2,000 speech pathologists working in Australia in 2013 who were not members of Speech Pathology Australia. This indicates a total workforce of approximately 6,500–7,000.' Submission 224.

[3]        Speech Pathology Australia, 'Speech pathology training and workforce in Australia—an overview', 24 June 2014, p. 2.

[4]        See Health Workforce Australia, 'Australia's Health Workforce Series, Speech Pathologists in focus', July 2014, p. 6.

[5]        This only includes SPA members who reported their practice type.

[6]        Health Workforce Australia, 'Australia's Health Workforce Series, Speech Pathologists in focus', July 2014, p. 17.

[7]        Speech Pathology Australia, 'Speech pathology training and workforce in Australia—an overview', 24 June 2014, p. 2.

[8]        Submission 224, p. 22.

[9]        Submission 224, p. 34.

[10]      Submission 224, p. 46.

[11]      Submission 105, p. 9. The report of Health Workforce Australia titled 'Australia's Health Workforce Series, Speech Pathologists in focus', July 2014, p. 6.

[12]      Submission 85, p. 1.

[13]      Submission 118, p. 1.

[14]      Submission 118, p. 2.

[15]      This map was presented at the public hearing in a Powerpoint presentation. However, the Institute has requested that the map not be reproduced in this report as it appears in research that is awaiting publication.

[16]      Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 18.

[17]      Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 19.

[18]      Name withheld, Submission 91, p. 1.

[19]      Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 19.

[20]      Submission 275, p. 11.

[21]      Submission 275, p. 11.

[22]      Submission 275, p. 12.

[23]      Submission 275, p. 12.

[24]      Submission 271, p. 2.

[25]      Submission 271, p. 2.

[26]      Submission 144, p. 1

[27]      Name withheld, Submission 189, p. 3.

[28]      Submission 188, p. 5.

[29]      Submission 168, p. 1.

[30]      Submission 208, pp 1–2.

[31]      Submission 182, p. 1.

[32]      Submission 178, p. 1.

[33]      Submission 171, p. 2.

[34]      Name withheld, Submission 237, p. 1.

[35]      Gold Coast Speech Pathologists, Submission 176, p. 1.

[36]      Gold Coast Speech Pathologists, Submission 176, pp 1–2.

[37]      Name withheld, Submission 101, p. 2.

[38]      The Glenleigen School, About us, http://www.glenleighden.org.au/history.html (accessed 15 May 2014).

[39]      Submission 177, p. 1.

[40]      Submission 226, p. 5.

[41]      Submission 226, p. 4.

[42]      Submission 226, p. 4.

[43]      Discussion with Ms Rosemary Simpson, Principal, North East Metropolitan Districts Language Development Centre, 6 August 2014.

[44]      Discussion with Ms Polly Prior, Speech Pathologist, West Coast Language Development Centre, 6 August 2014. Discussion with Ms Rosemary Simpson, Principal, North East Metropolitan Districts Language Development Centre, 6 August 2014.

[45]      Submission 228, p. 8.

[46]      Submission 228, p. 8.

[47]      Submission 212, p. 1.

[48]      Submission 276, p. 7.

[49]      Submission 245, p. 2.

[50]      Submission 245, p. 2.

[51]      Submission 265, p. 4.

[52]      Submission 265, p. 5.

[53]      The Hon. Katy Gallagher MLA, Submission 273, p. 1.

[54]      Submission 224, pp 35–36.

[55]      Submission 224, p. 36.

[56]      Professor Deborah Theodoros, Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 2.

[57]      Submission 266, p. 9.

[58]      Submission 250, p. 1.

[59]      Submission 250, p. 2.

[60]      Independent Living Centre, Submission 221, p. 6.

[61]      Submission 192, p. 4.

[62]      Submission 192, p. 4.

[63]      Submission 253, pp 2­–3.

[64]      Submission 266, p. 8.

[65]      Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 8.

[66]      Submission 224, p. 65.

[67]      Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 8.

[68]      Submission 64, p. 1.

[69]      See Name withheld, Submission 113

[70]      Name withheld, Submission 113, p. 1.

[71]      See submission 64, p. 1. Interestingly, private speech pathologists are not allowed under Australian competition law to publicise their fee schedules.

[72]      Submission 64, p. 1.

[73]      Submission 100, p. 5.

[74]      Submission 64, p. 1.

[75]      Submission 150, p. 6.

[76]      Submission 161, p. 11.

Chapter 6 - The factors affecting the supply of speech pathologists in Australia and some options to address shortages

[1]        Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 2.

[2]        Submission 213, p. 2.

[3]        Submission 85, p. 2.

[4]        Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 1.

[5]        Submission 224, p. 13.

[6]        Submission 87, p. 1.

[7]        Submission 224, p. 36.

[8]        Submission 224, p. 78.

[9]        Submission 224, p. 60.

[10]      Submission 224, p. 69.

[11]      Submission 224, p. 79.

[12]      Submission 224, p. 51.

[13]      Submission 259, p. 7.

[14]      Submission 87, p. 1.

[15]      Submission 87, p. 2.

[16]      The HCWA program provides all children with Autism under 7 years of age access to $12 000 funding for allied health therapy services, regardless of their level of need.

[17]      Submission 259, p. 8.

[18]      Submission 256, p. 2.

[19]      Submission 190, pp 5–6.

[20]      Submission 180, pp 1–2.

[21]      Submission 224, p. 74. See also the comments of Mrs Robyn Stephen, Speech Pathology Australia, Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 7.

[22]      Submission 224, pp 13, 75.

[23]      Speech Pathology Australia, 'Speech pathology training and workforce in Australia—an overview', 24 June 2014, p. 5.

[24]      Submission 224, p. 75.

[25]      Committee Hansard, 12 June 2014, p. 1. See also Northcott, Submission 190, p. 6.

[26]      The committee thanks the federal Department of Education for its assistance in providing this information and permitting the publication of this data in this report.

[27]      Speech Pathology Australia, 'Speech pathology training and workforce in Australia—an overview', June 2014, p. 7, Attachment 1.

[28]      Speech Pathology Australia, 'Speech pathology training and workforce in Australia—an overview', June 2014, pp 6–7, Attachment 1.

[29]      Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 5.

[30]      Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 5.

[31]      Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 5.

[32]      Submission 224, p. 88.

[33]      Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 5.

[34]      Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, pp 5–6.

[35]      Submission 261, p. 2.

[36]      Speech Pathology Australia, 'Speech pathology training and workforce in Australia—an overview', June 2014, p. 3.

[37]      Speech Pathology Australia, 'Speech pathology training and workforce in Australia—an overview', June 2014, p. 4.

[38]      Speech Pathology Australia, 'Speech pathology training and workforce in Australia—an overview', 24 June 2014, p. 4.

[39]      Ms Gail Mulcair, Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 5.

[40]      Professor Deborah Theodoros, Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 6.

[41]      Submission 224, p. 89.

[42]      Speech Pathology Australia, 'Speech pathology training and workforce in Australia—an overview', 24 June 2014, p. 4.

[43]      Speech Pathology Australia, 'Speech pathology training and workforce in Australia—an overview', 24 June 2014, p. 4.

[44]      Submission 261, p. 2.

[45]      Submission 268, p. 4.

[46]      Department of Health, Rural Health Workforce Strategy Incentive Programs, http://www.ruralhealthaustralia.gov.au/internet/rha/publishing.nsf/Content/RHWS_incentive_programs (accessed 16 August 2014).

[47]      Submission 97, pp 2–3.

[48]      Submission 161, p. 1.

[49]      Submission 161, p. 1.

[50]      Submission 161, p. 1.

[51]      Submission 161, p. 15.

[52]      Submission 118, p. 2.

[53]      Submission 118, p. 2.

[54]      Submission 161, p. 12

[55]      Submission 224, p. 38.

[56]      Submission 228, pp 9–10.

[57]      Committee Hansard, 11 June 2014, p. 8.

[58]      Submission 32, p. 4.

[59]      Submission 110, p. 1.

[60]      Submission 224, p. 13 & p. 47.

[61]      Submission 224, p. 13 and p. 47.