Footnotes

Chapter 1 - Introduction

[1]        Senate Community Affairs Legislation Committee, Food Standards Amendment (Truth in Labelling— Palm Oil) Bill 2009 Report, 26 August 2010, p. 1.

[2]        Journals of the Senate, 2010, pp 223–234.

[3]        Journals of the Senate, 2010, p. 530.

[4]        Economics Legislation Committee, Food Standards Amendment (Truth in Labelling Laws) Bill 2009, pp ix–xi.

[5]        Economics Legislation Committee, Food Standards Amendment (Truth in Labelling Laws) Bill 2009, p. xii.

[6]        Labelling Logic: Review of Food Labelling Law and Policy (2011), January 2011, p. 171.

[7]        Labelling Logic: Review of Food Labelling Law and Policy (2011), January 2011, p. 64.

[8]        Labelling Logic: Review of Food Labelling Law and Policy (2011), January 2011, p. 97.

[9]        Purpose of the Act, Food Standards Amendment (Truth in Labelling—Palm Oil) Bill 2009, p. 2.

Chapter 2 - Food Standards Amendment (Truth in Labelling—Palm Oil) Bill 2010

[1]        Food Standards Australia New Zealand Act 1991, ss. 18(1).

[2]        Food Standards Australia New Zealand, Labelling and Information Standards, http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/scienceandeducation/scienceinfsanz/expertise/inhousescientificexpertise/labellingandinformat4170.cfm (accessed 10 May 2011).

[3]        Food Standards Australia New Zealand, Varying and Setting Food Standards, http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/foodstandards/changingthecode/       (accessed 15 May 2011).

[4]        Food Standards Australia New Zealand, Labelling and Information Standards, http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/scienceandeducation/scienceinfsanz/expertise/inhousescientificexpertise/labellingandinformat4170.cfm (accessed 10 May 2011).

[5]        Food Standards Australia New Zealand, Submission 247, p. 2.

[6]        Food Standards Australia New Zealand, Submission 247, p. 2.

[7]        Mr Steve McCutcheon, Committee Hansard, 18 April 2011, p. 46.

[8]        Mr Steve McCutcheon, Committee Hansard, 18 April 2011, p. 43.

[9]        Food Standards Australia New Zealand, Rejection of Application: Application A593—Labelling of Palm Oil, 16 July 2008, p. 2.

[10]      See for example, CHOICE, Submission 296, p. 3.

[11]      Zoological Parks Authority (Perth Zoo), Submission 18, p. 5.

[12]      Humane Society International, Submission 167, pp 9–10.

[13]      See for example, Government of South Australia, Submission 1, p. 2.

[14]      Purpose of the Act, Food Standards Amendment (Truth in Labelling—Palm Oil) Bill 2009, p. 2.

[15]      For example, CHOICE, Submission 296, p. 4; Anonymous, Submission 492, p. 1, states, 'we have a right to know what exactly we are consuming'.

[16]      See for example, Australian Food and Grocery Council, Committee Hansard, 18 April 2011, pp 6–8.

[17]      Several zoos joined the campaign, including Zoos Victoria, Adelaide Zoo, Perth Zoo, Taronga Conservation Society Australia and Auckland Zoo.

[18]      Ms Jennifer Gray, Committee Hansard, 19 April 2011, p. 12.

[19]      Professor Klein's initial research was undertaken at Melbourne Zoo where 118 visitors were asked to choose from two products where palm oil was listed as an ingredient in one of the products. Some of the visitors have previously been exposed to information about palm oil production and its effect on orang-utans. Professor Jill Klein, Call for better labelling to support ethical consumption, Melbourne Business School, March 2011.

http://www.mbs.edu/go/news/call-for-better-labeling-to-support-ethical-consumption

(accessed 11 May 2011).

[20]      A significant proportion of responses (73 per cent) were in the 5-7 range. TNS Social Research for Food Standards Australia New Zealand, Consumer Attitudes Survey 2007: A benchmark survey of consumers’ attitudes to food issues, 2008, p. 49,

http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/_srcfiles/Consumer%20Attitudes%20Survey.pdf (accessed 11 May 2011).

[21]      TNS Social Research for Food Standards Australia New Zealand, 2008, Consumer Attitudes Survey 2007: A benchmark survey of consumers’ attitudes to food issues, p. 49,

http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/_srcfiles/Consumer%20Attitudes%20Survey.pdf (accessed 11 May 2011).

[22]      Mr Andrew Rouse, Committee Hansard, 18 April 2011, p. 13.

[23]      Ms Armineh Mardirossian, Committee Hansard, 19 April 2011, p. 47.

[24]      The study was supported by The Australian Food and Grocery Council, Woolworths, Amcor and EPA Victoria. The survey data is based on the responses of 1000 shoppers interviewed outside Woolworths supermarkets in Melbourne and Sydney. Net Balance, AFGC Green Shopper Summary Report 2010, May 2010, p. 3, http://www.netbalance.com/sites/all/themes/netbalance/research/AFGC%20GreenShopper%20SummRep.pdf (accessed 24 May 2011).

[25]      Mr Carmeron Kerr, Director and Chief Executive Officer, Taronga Conservation Society of Australia (Taronga Zoo), Committee Hansard, 19 April 2011, p. 21.

[26]      Ms Majella Allen, Committee Hansard, 19 April 2011, p. 29.

[27]      Mr Andrew Rouse, Acting Head Sustainability, World Wildlife Fund, Committee Hansard, 18 April 2011, p. 15.

[28]      Mr Cameron Kerr, Director and Chief Executive Officer, Taronga Conservation Society of Australia (Taronga Zoo), Committee Hansard, 19 April 2011, p. 21.

[29]      Mr Tony Gilding, Committee Hansard, 18 April 2011, p. 24.

[30]      Ms Majella Allen, Community and Sustainability Manager, Coles, Committee Hansard, 19 April 2011, p. 31.

[31]      Ms Kate Carnell, Chief Executive Officer, Australian Food and Grocery Council, Committee Hansard, 18 April 2011, p. 7.

[32]      Ms Armineh Mardirossian, Group Manager, Corporate Responsibility, Community and Sustainability, Woolworths, Committee Hansard, 19 April 2011, p. 47.

[33]      Ms Majella Allen, Community and Sustainability Manager, Coles, Committee Hansard, 19 April 2011, p. 31.

[34]      Ms Majella Allen, Community and Sustainability Manager, Coles, Committee Hansard, 19 April 2011, p. 47.

[35]      Ms Kate Carnell, Chief Executive Officer, Australian Food and Grocery Council, Committee Hansard, 18 April 2011, p. 3.

[36]      Ms Kate Carnell, Chief Executive Officer, Australian Food and Grocery Council, Committee Hansard, 18 April 2011, p. 7.

[37]      Mr Tim Wilson, Institute of Public Affairs, Committee Hansard, 19 April 2011, p. 1.

[38]      Mr Andrew Rouse, Acting Head of Sustainability, World Wildlife Fund, Committee Hansard, 18 April 2011, p. 15.

[39]      Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil, Roundtable unveils ‘sustainable palm oil’ trademark, 9 November 2010, http://www.rspo.eu/market/tm_faq.html (accessed 24 May 2011).

[40]      Food Standards Australia New Zealand, Food Standard 1.2.4, http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/_srcfiles/Standard_1_2_4_Labelling_of_Ingred_v121.pdf (accessed 18 May 2011).

[41]      Mr Steve McCutcheon, Chief Executive, FSANZ, Committee Hansard, 18 April 2011, p. 44.

[42]      Codex Alimentarius Commission, General Standard for the Labelling of Prepackaged Foods, 1985, http://www.codexalimentarius.net/web/more_info.jsp?id_sta=32 (accessed 18 May 2011).

[43]      World Health Organisation and Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Understanding the Codex Alimentarius, 3^rd edition, Rome, 2006, ftp://ftp.fao.org/codex/Publications/understanding/Understanding_EN.pdf (accessed 18 May 2011).

[44]      Department of Agriculture Fisheries and Forestry, Codex – International Food Standards, http://www.daff.gov.au/agriculture-food/codex (accessed 18 May 2011).

[45]      Department of Agriculture Fisheries and Forestry, Codex – International Food Standards, http://www.daff.gov.au/agriculture-food/codex (accessed 18 May 2011).

[46]      See for example, Zoos Victoria, Submission 250, p. 3.

[47]      Mr Gilding suggested that such a percentage could be 5 per cent. Mr Tony Gilding, Co-founder, Palm Oil Action Group, Committee Hansard, 18 April 2011, p. 27.

[48]      National Heart Foundation of Australia, Submission 277, Additional information, p. 5.

[49]      Submission 277, Additional information, p. 5.

[50]      Submission 277, Additional information, p. 5.

[51]      World Health Organisation, Fats and Fatty Acids in Human in Nutrition— Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation November 10-24, 2008, Geneva, Switzerland, Special Issue: Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 2009, Volume 55 (1-3), p. 59.

[52]      World Health Organisation, Fats and Fatty Acids in Human in Nutrition—Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation November 10-24, 2008, Geneva, Switzerland, Special Issue: Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 2009, Volume 55 (1-3), p. 59.

[53]      For example, Dieticians Association of Australia, Submission 284, p. 2.

[54]      World Health Organisation, Fats and Fatty Acids in Human in Nutrition - Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation November 10-24, 2008, Geneva, Switzerland, Special Issue: Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 2009, Volume 55 (1-3), p. 59; National Heart Foundation of Australia, Submission 277, Additional information, p. 5.

[55]      Ms Susan Anderson, Committee Hansard, 19 April 2011, p. 53.

[56]      Ms Susan Anderson, Committee Hansard, 19 April 2011, p. 53.

[57]      Mr Gordon Duncan, Senior Business Manager, Woolworths, Committee Hansard, 19 April 2011, p. 46.

[58]      Australian Food and Grocery Council, Submission 264, pp 9-10.

[59]      Purpose of the Act, Food Standards Amendment (Truth in Labelling – Palm Oil) Bill 2009, p. 2.

[60]      For example, Australia Zoo witnesses presented the study, Emily B. Fitzherbert et al, How will oil palm expansion affect biodiversity? Trends in Ecology and Evolution 23 (10) 2008, pp 538–545; Mr Giles Clark, International Conservation Manager, Australia Zoo and Australia Zoo Wildlife Warriors Worldwide, tabled photos and maps demonstrating deforestation; Mr Leif Cocks, President, Australian Orangutan Project, told the committee about his own experiences in Indonesia. Committee Hansard, 19 April 2011, pp 35–43.

[61]      Emily B. Fitzherbert et al, How will oil palm expansion affect biodiversity? Trends in Ecology and Evolution 23 (10) 2008, p. 538.

[62]      Greenpeace, Palm Oil and Deforestation, http://www.greenpeace.org/australia/issues/deforestation/overview/palm-oil (accessed 12 April 2011).

[63]      Mr Giles Clark, International Conservation Manager, Australia Zoo and Australia Zoo Wildlife Warriors Worldwide, Committee Hansard, 18 April 2011, p. 19.

[64]      Maryanne Greig-Gran, International Institute for Environment and Development, The cost of avoiding deforestation: Update of the report prepared for the Stern Review of the Economics of Climate Change, May 2008, p.15 http://www.iied.org/pubs/pdfs/G02489.pdf (accessed 8 April 2011).

[65]      Christian Nellemann et al, The Last Stand of the Orangutan – State of Emergency: Illegal logging, fire and palm oil in Indonesia's national parks, United Nations Environment Programme, 2007, p. 28, http://www.unep.org/grasp/docs/2007Jan-LastStand-of-Orangutan-report.pdf (accessed 25 May 2011).

[66]      Christian Nellemann et al, The Last Stand of the Orangutan – State of Emergency: Illegal logging, fire and palm oil in Indonesia's national parks, United Nations Environment Programme, 2007, p. 28, http://www.unep.org/grasp/docs/2007Jan-LastStand-of-Orangutan-report.pdf (accessed 25 May 2011).

[67]      World Wildlife Fund, Submission 249, p. 3.

[68]      Examples of endangered species were two orang-utan, one monkey, one elephant, one rhinoceros and one tiger species. Professor Colin Groves, Submission 7, p.1.

[69]      Professor Colin Groves, Submission 7, p. 2.

[70]      See for example, Dr Yusof Basiron, Chief Executive Officer, Malaysian Palm Oil Council, Committee Hansard,18 April 2011, p. 35; Mr Tim Wilson, Director, Institute of Public Affairs, Committee Hansard, 19 April 2011, p. 6; Ms Armineh Mardirossian, Group Manager, Corporate Responsibility, Community and Sustainability, Committee Hansard, 19 April 2011, p. 48.

[71]      Mr Carl Bek-Neilsen, Committee Hansard, 18 April 2011, pp 38-39.

[72]      See for example, Mr Tony Gilding, Co-founder, Palm Oil Action Group, Committee Hansard, 18 April 2011, p. 26.

[73]      Mr Tony Gilding, Co-founder, Palm Oil Action Group, answer to question on notice, 18 April 2011 (received 10 May 2011).

[74]      Mr Giles Clark, International Conservation Manager, Australia Zoo; and Australia Zoo Wildlife Warriors Worldwide, Committee Hansard, 19 April 2011, p. 20. See also, Ms Armineh Mardirossian, Group Manager, Corporate Responsibility, Community and Sustainability, Woolworths, Committee Hansard, 19 April 2011, p. 48.

[75]      Dr Yusof Basiron, Chief Executive Officer, Malaysian Palm Oil Council, Committee Hansard, 18 April 2011, p. 35.

[76]      Mr Tony Gilding, Co-founder, Palm Oil Action Group, answer to question on notice, 18 April 2011 (received 10 May 2011).

[77]      European Commission, Environment: The high price of planting palm oil forests, 21 December 2007, http://ec.europa.eu/research/headlines/news/article_07_12_21_en.html (accessed 23 May 2011).

[78]      Ministry of Plantation Industries and Commodities, Malaysia, Submission 265, p.12.

[79]      Ministry of Plantation Industries and Commodities, Malaysia, Submission 265, pp 3,8,12.

[80]      Ministry of Trade, Indonesia, Submission 302, p. 2.

[81]      Dr Yusof Basiron, Chief Executive Officer, Malaysian Palm Oil Council, Committee Hansard, 18 April 2011, p. 37.

[82]      See Dr Yusof Basiron, Chief Executive Officer, Malaysian Palm Oil Council, Committee Hansard, 18 April 2011, p. 38, and Ms Susan Hunt, Chief Executive Officer, Zoological Parks Authority (Perth Zoo), Committee Hansard, 19 April 2011, p. 19.

[83]      Ms Susan Hunt, Chief Executive Officer, Zoological Parks Authority (Perth Zoo), Committee Hansard, 19 April 2011, p. 18.

[84]      See for example, World Growth, Submission 301, p. 1.

[85]      Institute of Public Affairs, Submission 271, p. 3.

[86]      For example, World Growth, Submission 301, p. 1; Dr Yusof Basiron, Chief Executive, Malaysian Palm Oil Council, Committee Hansard, p. 35; Institute of Public Affairs, Submission 271, p. 6.

[87]      World Growth, Supplementary Submission 301, p. 15.

[88]      Mr Vasco Sabat Singkang, Board Member, Malaysian Palm Oil Council, Committee Hansard, 18 April 2011, pp 39–40.

[89]      Australia Zoo, Submission 253, p. 1.

[90]      Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil, Promoting The Growth and Use of Sustainable Palm Oil, http://www.rspo.org/files/resource_centre/RSPO_Fact_sheets_Basic.pdf (accessed 25 May 2011).

[91]      Mr Tim Wilson, Committee Hansard, 19 April 2011, p. 8. Also see Dr Yusof Basiron, Committee Hansard, 18 April 2011, p. 35.

[92]      For example, Mr Cameron Kerr, Director and Chief Executive Officer, Taronga Conservation Society of Australia (Taronga Zoo), Committee Hansard, 19 April 2011, p. 17.

[93]      Mr Giles Clark, International Conservation Manager, Australia Zoo and Australia Zoo Wildlife Warriors Worldwide, Committee Hansard, 18 April 2011, pp 21–23.

[94]      Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil, Who is RSPO? 2009, http://www.rspo.org/?q=page/9 (accessed 27 May 2011).

[95]      Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil, Who is RSPO? 2009, http://www.rspo.org/?q=page/9 (accessed 27 May 2011).

[96]      Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil, Get Involved for a Sustainable World, 2009, http://www.rspo.org/?q=page/504 (accessed 27 May 2011).

[97]      Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil, Principles and Criteria for Sustainable Palm Oil Production, October 2011, http://www.rspo.org/files/resource_centre/RSPO%20Principles%20&%20Criteria%20Document.pdf (accessed 23 May 2011).

[98]      Ms Jennifer Gray, Committee Hansard, 19 April 2011, p. 22.

[99]      See for example, Mr Andrew Rouse, Committee Hansard, 18 April 2011, p. 11; Ms Majella Allen, Committee Hansard, 19 April 2011, p. 33.

[100]    Mr Leif Cocks, Committee Hansard, 19 April 2011, p. 39.

[101]    Mr Tony Gilding, Committee Hansard, 18 April 2011, p. 25; Palm Oil Action Group, Submission 322, p. 3.

[102]    Mr Tony Gilding, Committee Hansard, 18 April 2011, p. 25.

[103]    Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil, RSPO Supply Chain Certification Systems; November 2009, http://www.rspo.org/files/resource_centre/RSPO-SCCS-5Nov2009.pdf (accessed 25 May 2011).

[104]    Dr Yusof Basiron, Chief Executive Officer, Malaysian Palm Oil Council, Committee Hansard, 18 April 2011, p. 36.

[105]    Mr Cameron Kerr, Director and Chief Executive Officer of Taronga Conservation Society Australia (Taronga Zoo), Committee Hansard, 19 April 2011, p. 18.

[106]    Ms Armineh Mardirossian, Group Manager, Corporate Responsibility, Community and Sustainability, Woolworths, Committee Hansard, 19 April 2011, p. 46.

[107]    Ms Armineh Mardirossian, Group Manager, Corporate Responsibility, Community and Sustainability, Woolworths, Committee Hansard, 19 April 2011, p. 46.

[108]    Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil, RSPO Supply Chain Certification Systems, November 2009, http://www.rspo.org/files/resource_centre/RSPO-SCCS-5Nov2009.pdf (accessed 24 May 2011).

[109]    Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil, RSPO Supply Chain Certification Systems, November 2009, http://www.rspo.org/files/resource_centre/RSPO-SCCS-5Nov2009.pdf (accessed 24 May 2011).

[110]    Australian Food and Grocery Council, Submission 264, p. 4.

[111]    See for example, Australian Food and Grocery Council, Submission 264, p. 10.

[112]    Mr Andrew Rouse, World Wildlife Fund, Committee Hansard, 18 April 2011, p. 15.

[113]    Mr Giles Clark, International Conservation Manager, Australia Zoo and Australia Zoo Wildlife Warriors Worldwide, Committee Hansard, 18 April 2011, p. 20.

[114]    Mr Leif Cocks, Committee Hansard, 19 April 2011, p. 42.

[115]    Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil, answers to questions on notice, 3 May 2011 (received 5 May 2011).

[116]    World Wildlife Fund, Round Table on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) http://www.wwf.org.au/ourwork/land/land-clearing-and-palm-oil/palm-oil-round-table/ (accessed 25 May 2011).

[117]    Ms Jennifer Gray, Chief Executive Officer, Zoos Victoria, Committee Hansard, 19 April 2011, p. 24.

[118]    Ms Majella Allen, Community and Sustainability Manager, Coles, Committee Hansard, 19 April 2011, p. 28.

[119]    Mr Tim Wilson, Director, Institute of Public Affairs, Committee Hansard, 19 April 2011, p. 8.

[120]    Mr Tim Wilson, Director, Institute of Public Affairs, Committee Hansard, 19 April 2011, pp 1,8.

[121]    Dr Yusof Basiron, Chief Executive Officer, Malaysian Palm Oil Council, Committee Hansard, 18 April 2011, p. 35.

[122]    For example, Mr Giles Clark, International Conservation Manager, Australia Zoo and Australia Zoo Wildlife Warriors Worldwide, Committee Hansard, 18 April 2011, p. 20.

[123]    Mr Tony Gilding, Co-founder, Palm Oil Action Group, Committee Hansard, 18 April 2011, p. 26.

[124]    Mr Andrew Rouse, Acting Head Sustainability, World Wildlife Fund, Committee Hansard, 18 April 2011, p. 13.

[125]    See for example, Woolworths, Submission 275, p. 3.

[126]    See for example, Bob Such MP, Submission 2. p. 6.

[127]    National Heart Foundation of Australia, Submission 277, p. 11.

Dissenting Report—'Oils ain't Oils' - Independent Senator Nick Xenophon and Australian Greens Senator Rachel Siewert

[1]        Food Standards Australia and New Zealand Act 1991, ss. 18(1)

[2]        Submission 488, p. 1.

[3]        Submission 155, p. 1.

[4]        Submission 129, p. 1.

[5]        Submission 461, p. 1.

[6]        Submission 483, p. 1.

[7]        Submission 71, p. 1.

[8]        Submission 45, p. 1.

[9]        Submission 93, p. 1.

[10]      Christian Nellemann et al, The Last Stand of the Orangutan – State of Emergency: Illegal logging, fire and palm oil in Indonesia's national parks, United Nations Environment Programme, 2007, p. 28, http://www.unep.org/grasp/docs/2007Jan-LastStand-of-Orangutan-report.pdf (accessed 14 June 2011).

[11]      Geoffrey Lean, '10 years to live: Orang-utan face extinction in the wild', The Independent, 17 December 2006, http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/nature/10-years-to-live-orangutan-faces-extinction-in-the-wild-428850.html (accessed 14 June 2011).

[12]      Committee Hansard, 19 April 2011, p. 4.

[13]      Committee Hansard, 19 April 2011, p. 21.

[14]      Committee Hansard, 18 April 2011, p. 24.

[15]      Committee Hansard, 18 April 2011, p. 8.

[16]      Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil, Who is RSPO? http://www.rspo.org/?q=page/9 (accessed 14 June 2011).

[17]      Committee Hansard, 18 April 2011, p. 9.

[18]      Committee Hansard, 19 April 2011, p. 53.

[19]      Coles, Submission 206, p. 1; Woolworths, Submission 275, p. 3.