Footnotes
[1] The following section is largely based on
information from Submission 23,
pp.5-8 (NHMRC); Parliamentary Library Bills Digest No.17 2002-03, Research Involving Embryos and Prohibition
of Human Cloning Bill 2002, pp.16-18; and House of Representatives Standing
Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs, Human cloning: scientific, ethical and regulatory aspects of human
cloning and stem cell research, August 2001.
[2] Human Embryo
Experimentation in Australia, Report of the Senate Select Committee on the
Human Embryo Experimentation Bill 1985, September 1986, Parliamentary Paper No.
437 of 1986.
[3] Human Embryo
Experimentation in Australia (1986), pp.xiii-xiv. See also Committee Hansard 26.9.02, pp.226-7 and Submission 899 (Rev Prof Michael Tate
AO) - Former Senator Tate was Chairman of the 1985 Select Committee.
[4] The Australian Health Ethics Committee is a
principal committee of the National Health and Medical Research Council. AHEC’s
primary functions are to advise the NHMRC on ethical issues relating to health
and developing guidelines for the conduct of medical research involving humans.
Other functions include the promotion of community debate on health ethics
issues, monitoring the work of human research ethics committees and monitoring
and advising on international developments in health ethics.
[5] www.health.gov.au/nhmrc/publications/pdf/e28.pdf
[6] House of
Representatives Hansard, 28.8.02, p.5747 (Mr Kevin Andrews).
[7] www.aph.gov.au/house/committee/laca/humancloning/report.pdf
[8] Committee Hansard 26.9.02, p.254 (Senator
Harradine). Submission 23, Additional information
16.10.02, p.4 (NHMRC).
[9] Submissions
891 (NSW Government) and 1500 (Queensland Government).
[10] House of
Representatives Hansard 29.8.02, p.5809 (Mr Howard). The Minister’s second
reading speech for the Prohibition of Human Cloning Bill 2002 confirmed the
Prime Minister’s comments (see Senate
Hansard 18.9.02, p.4324).
[11] Committee
Hansard 29.8.02, pp.4-6, 9 and 26.9.02, p.246 (NHMRC).
[12] The list of invitees for the consultations and
actual attendees is included in the NHMRC Submission
23, Attachments B and C.
[13] Submission
891, pp.4-5 (NSW Government).
[14] Committee
Hansard 29.8.02, p.9 (NHMRC).
[15] House of Representatives Standing Committee on
Legal and Constitutional Affairs, Human
cloning: scientific, ethical and regulatory aspects of human cloning and stem
cell research, August 2001 [hereafter Human
cloning].
[16] These are available at http://www.nhmrc.gov.au
[17] See US Department of Health
and Human Services website, http://www.nih.gov/news/stemcell/scireport.htm
(23 August 2002).
[18] Department of the Parliamentary Library, Bills
Digest No.17 2002-03, Research Involving
Embryos and Prohibition of Human Cloning Bill 2002, p.4.
[19] Human
cloning, pp.16-17.
[20] Human
cloning, p.16; see also National Institutes of Health (NIH), Stem Cells: Scientific Progress and Future
Research Directions, http://www.nih.gov/news/stemcell/scireport.htm
(23 August 2002), p.ES-2.
[21] Human
cloning, p.13.
[22] Human
cloning, p.13.
[23] Human
cloning, p.20.
[24] Human
cloning, p.20.
[25] Human
cloning, pp.20-21; Australian Academy of Science, Human Stem Cell Research, 18 April 2001, p.12.
[26] Australian Academy of Science, Human Stem Cell Research, 18 April 2001,
p.12.
[27] Human
cloning, p.21; Stem Cells: Scientific
Progress and Future Research Directions (NIH), p.ES-2.
[28] Stem Cells:
Scientific Progress and Future Research Directions (NIH), p.ES-2.
[29] Stem Cells:
Scientific Progress and Future Research Directions (NIH), p.ES-2.
[30] Human
cloning, p.21.
[31] Human cloning, p.22.
[32] Stem Cells: Scientific
Progress and Future Research Directions (NIH), p.ES-3.
[33] Stem Cells:
Scientific Progress and Future Research Directions (NIH), p.ES-2.
[34] Stem Cells:
Scientific Progress and Future Research Directions (NIH), p.ES-2.
[35] The Case for Embryonic Stem Cells, notes for the
presentation by Alan Trounson, p.5. The example is referenced to Kerr et al.
Nature Medicine - On Line: August 2002.
[36] Submission
1042, p.6 (Do No Harm - Dr van Gend).
[37] Committee
Hansard 17.9.02, p.52 (Professor Silburn); see also Committee Hansard 24.9.02, pp.176-7 (Dr van Gend).
[38] Committee
Hansard 24.9.02, p.173 (Dr Abboud).
[39] Committee
Hansard 24.9.02, pp.136, 147.
[40] Committee Hansard, 24.09.02, p.146
(Senator Collins).
[41] Submission
1021, p.2 (Professor Monk). Dr Michael West who organised the collaboration in
the US that led to the isolation of human embryonic stem cells made similar
comments and advised that ‘the terms were and continue to be used
interchangably by some scientists’ Submission
1083, p.1 (Dr West).
[42] Stem Cells:
Scientific Progress and Future Research Directions (NIH), p.ES-2.
[43] Stem Cells:
Scientific Progress and Future Research Directions (NIH), p.ES-2.
[44] Human
cloning, p.17.
[45] Human
cloning, p.23.
[46] Human cloning,
p.17.
[47] Human
cloning, p.17; Stem Cells: Scientific
Progress and Future Research Directions (NIH), p.ES-2.
[48] Stem Cells:
Scientific Progress and Future Research Directions (NIH), p.ES-3.
[49] Human
cloning, p.17.
[50] Human
cloning, p.19.
[51] Human cloning,
p.18.
[52] Human
cloning, p.18.
[53] Human
cloning, p.18.
[54] Department of the Parliamentary Library Bills
Digest No.17 2002-03, p.2.
[55] Department of the Parliamentary Library Bills
Digest No.17 2002-03, p.3.
[56] Human
cloning, pp.19, 23.
[57] Department of the Parliamentary Library Bills
Digest No.17 2002-03, p.2.
[58] Department of the Parliamentary Library Bills
Digest No.17 2002-03, p.2.
[59] Human
cloning, p.22.
[60] See, for example, Submissions 899, 981, and 987; Committee
Hansard, 17.9.02, p.34 (Dr Juttner); Committee
Hansard, 26.9.02, p.226 (Professor Tate).
[61] See Senate Select Committee on Human Embryo
Experimentation Bill 1985, Human Embryo
Experimentation in Australia, September 1986, p.14 and Appendix VII.
[62] See Senate Select Committee on Human Embryo
Experimentation Bill 1985, Human Embryo
Experimentation in Australia, September 1986, pp.14-16.
[63] AHEC/NHMRC: Position on Cloning and Related
Technologies, dated 15 December 2000, Senate
Hansard, 7.02.01, p.21477.
[64] Submission
899, p.2.
[65] Committee Hansard 19.9.02, p.14 (Professor
White, Academy of Science).
[66] Committee Hansard 26.9.02, p.208 (Professor
Jansen).
[67] Committee
Hansard 17.9.02, p.76 (Ms Royles, JDRF).
[68] Human
cloning, p.23.
[69] Committee
Hansard, 24.9.02, p.135 (Professor Trounson).
[70] Committee
Hansard, 24.9.02, p.135 (Professor Trounson).
[71] Committee
Hansard, 24.9.02, p.137 (Mr Moses).
[72] See Submissions
84, 87, 162, 614; Committee Hansard,
17.9.02, p.53 (Professor Silburn) and 19.9.02, p.95 (Professor Rowe).
[73] Submission
87 p.1 (Professor Masters).
[74] Committee
Hansard, 24.9.02, p.156 (Dr McCullagh).
[75] Committee
Hansard, 24.9.02, p.177 (Dr van Gend).
[76] Committee
Hansard, 19.9.02, p.95 (Professor Rowe).
[77] Committee
Hansard, 19.9.02, pp.89-91 (Professor Good).
[78] Committee
Hansard, 19.9.02, p.97, 102 (Professor Good); on the need to establish
‘proof of concept’ in animal models, see also Committee Hansard, 19.9.02, p.99 (Professor Rowe) and p.100
(Professor Bartlett).
[79] Committee
Hansard, 19.9.02, p.115 (Professor Shine).
[80] Committee
Hansard, 19.9.02, pp.115-116 (Professor Shine).
[81] Committee
Hansard, 19.9.02, pp.114-115 (Professor Hearn).
[82] Committee
Hansard, 19.9.02, p.114 (Professor Hearn).
[83] Committee
Hansard, 19.9.02, p.122 (Professor Hearn).
[84] Committee
Hansard, 24.9.02, p.143 (Professor Pera).
[85] Committee
Hansard, 24.9.02, p.144 (Professor Pera).
[86] Committee
Hansard, 24.9.02, p.144 (Professor Pera).
[87] Committee
Hansard, 24.9.02, p.138 (Dr Elefanty).
[88] Committee
Hansard, 24.9.02, p.139 (Dr Stanley).
[89] Committee
Hansard, 24.9.02, p.139 (Dr Stanley).
[90] Human
cloning, p.23.
[91] Human
cloning, p.23.
[92] See, for example, Submissions 211, 882, 981 and 1036.
[93] Submission
280, p.4 (Caroline Chisholm Centre for Health Ethics).
[94] Human
cloning, p.39.
[95] BresaGen Ltd describes itself as ‘a publicly
listed Australian company acknowledged as one of the three world leaders in the
therapeutic application of human ESC [embryonic stem cell] technology’. Submission 1030, p.2 (BresaGen Ltd).
[96] Committee
Hansard, 17.9.02, p.34 (Dr Juttner).
[97] Submission
1030, p.1 (BresaGen Ltd).
[98] Submission
614, p.2 (Professor Good).
[99] Committee
Hansard, 17.9.02, p.34 (Dr Juttner).
[100] Committee
Hansard, 17.9.02, p.34 (Dr Juttner).
[101] See, for example, Submissions 86, 280, 359, 614, 866, 876, 880, 1042.
[102] Submissions 86, 480, 614, 1042, 1571.
[103] Submissions 23 Ad info 13.9.02, 871 Ad info 17.9.02,
895, 1030 Ad info 24.9.02, 1292
[104] Committee
Hansard, 24.9.02, p.135 (Professor Pera).
[105] Committee
Hansard, 24.9.02, p.135 (Professor Pera).
[106] Stem
Cells: Scientific Progress and Future Research Directions (NIH), p.ES-3.
[107] Committee
Hansard, 19.9.02, p.92 (Dr Simmons).
[108] Committee
Hansard, 19.9.02, p.92 (Dr Simmons).
[109] Submission
480, p.2 (Dr McCullagh).
[110] Committee
Hansard, 19.09.02, p.91 (Professor Good).
[111] Dr Best said that she was reporting the analogy
used by Dr William Hurlbut, Stanford University, Committee Hansard, 24.9.02, p.159 (Dr Best).
[112] Committee
Hansard, 24.9.02, p.159 (Dr Best).
[113] Committee
Hansard, 19.9.02, p.92 (Dr Simmons).
[114] Submission
1292. The submission provides journal references to articles in which these
findings have been published. See also Submission
1030, Additional information 24.9.02.
[115] Submission
1292 (Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute).
[116] Catherine Verfaillie et al., ‘Pluripotency of
mesenchymal stem cells derived from adult bone marrow’, Nature AOP, published online 20 June 2002, doi:10.1038/nature00870.
[117] Committee
Hansard, 19.9.02, p.93 (Dr Simmons).
[118] See, for example, Submissions 86, 156, 280, 876, 880, 1046.
[119] Submission
1292 p.2 (Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute).
[120] Committee
Hansard, 19.9.02, p.92 (Dr Simmons).
[121] Submission
1292; see also Committee Hansard,
17.9.02, p.32 (Dr Juttner), Submission
477 and 1043.
[122] Transcript of interview with Professor Catherine
Verfaillie, The World Today, 22 August 2002, http://www.abc.net.au/worldtoday/s656192.htm
(30 September 2002).
[123] Committee
Hansard, 19.9.02, p.114 (Professor Hearn).
[124] Committee
Hansard, 19.9.02, p.120 (Professor Serjeantson).
[125] Committee
Hansard, 19.9.02, p.93 (Dr Simmons).
[126] Committee
Hansard, 19.9.02, p.93 (Dr Simmons).
[127] Committee
Hansard, 24.9.02, p.154 (Dr Elefanty).
[128] Submission
1002, p.2 (Professor Williamson).
[129] Committee
Hansard, 17.9.02, p.71 (Ms Royles).
[130] Committee
Hansard, 17.9.02, p.41 (Professor Tuch).
[131] Submission
84, p.3 (Professor Pender).
[132] Committee
Hansard, 19.9.02, p.95 (Professor Rowe).
[133] Committee
Hansard, 19.9.02, p.94 (Professor Bartlett).
[134] Committee
Hansard, 17.9.02, p.37 (Professor Tuch).
[135] Committee
Hansard, 17.9.02, p.41 (Professor Tuch).
[136] Submission
1041, p.4 (Professor de Kretser).
[137] Submission
1041, pp.4-5 (Professor de Kretser).
[138] See, for example, Submissions 419, 672, 765, 876, 880, 892, 987, 1015, 1020 and 1040.
[139] Submission
892, Attachment pp.8-9 (SCBI). See also Submission
282 (National Civic Council WA).
[140] Committee Hansard, 19.09.02, p.99 (Professor
Bartlett).
[141] Submission 23, pp.16-17 (NHMRC).
[142] Committee
Hansard, 17.9.02, p.40 (Dr Juttner).
[143] Committee Hansard, 26.9.02, p.257 and Submission 23, Additional information
18.10.02, p.5 (NHMRC).
[144] The Australian Academy of Science, for example,
supports ‘therapeutic cloning as a possible way ahead for the production of
appropriate stem cell lines if that turns out to be what is needed to produce
them’. Committee Hansard, 19.9.02,
p.124. However, it also stated that a ‘moratorium for a few years on
therapeutic cloning is a very reasonable road to take’. Committee Hansard, 19.9.02, p.116.
[145] Hon. John Howard MP, Second Reading Speech,
Research Involving Embryos and Prohibition of Human Cloning Bill 2002, House of
Representatives, 27 June 2002.
[146] See discussion of these issues in Department of
the Parliamentary Library, Bills Digest No.17 2002-03, Research Involving Embryos and Prohibition of Human Cloning Bill 2002,
Jennifer Norberry, Law and Bills Digest Group, 14 August 2002, pp.6-7.
[147] The Declaration of Helsinki, discussed in the
previous chapter, states that ‘In research on man [sic], the interest of
science and society should never take precedence over considerations related to
the wellbeing of the subject’. There are some consequentialist arguments in
moral philosophy that would dispute that principle, but these do not have wide
currency in the community.
[148] By the term ‘adult human being’, the Committee
means to include human beings who are born as opposed to unborn. For the
purposes of this usage, children and infants should be considered included in
the term.
[149] Submission
982, p.2 (Humanist Society of Victoria).
[150] Julian Savulescu, ‘The Ethics of Cloning and
Embryonic Stem Cells as a Source of Tissue for Transplantation: Time to Take a
Positive Approach to Law Reform in Australia’, undated, p.8. See also Submission 899, in which the former
Chair of the Senate Select Committee on Human Embryo Experimentation, the
Reverend Professor Michael Tate, describes that Committee’s rejection of the
view presented by Professor Peter Singer. According to Professor Singer, ‘a
person could only be identified as such when consciousness and some capacity
for moral discernment or decision making emerged’.
[151] Julian Savulescu, ‘The Ethics of Cloning and
Embryonic Stem Cells as a Source of Tissue for Transplantation’, undated, p.7.
[152] See, among many, Submissions 282, 672, 685, 870, and 1026.
[153] Submission
1483, p.2 (St Vincent’s Hospital Sydney).
[154] Committee
Hansard, 26.9.02, p.223 (Mr Campbell).
[155] See, for example, Submissions 156, 211, 361, 427, 667, 868, 892, 981, 1003, 1017,
1028, 1037, 1046.
[156] Human
Embryo Experimentation in Australia, September 1986, pp.8-9.
[157] Submission
892, p.2 (SCBI); see also Submission
876, (Catholic Archdiocese of Melbourne).
[158] Submission
280, Attachment p.2 (Caroline Chisholm Centre for Health Ethics).
[159] Submission
280, Attachment p.2 (Caroline Chisholm Centre for Health Ethics).
[160] Committee
Hansard, 19.9.02, p.128 (Professor White).
[161] Committee
Hansard, 19.9.02, p.128 (Professor White).
[162] Human
cloning, p.17. The report on stem cell research by the House of Lords in
the United Kingdom states that embryonic cells are totipotent up until the 8
cell stage. See Select Committee on Stem
Cell Research Report, February 2002, Chapter 4, http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/Id200102/Idselect/Idstem/83/8305.htm
[163] Human
cloning, p.14.
[164] Human
cloning, p.14.
[165] Committee
Hansard, 19.09.02, p.127 (Professor White).
[166] Committee
Hansard, 19.09.02, p.127 (Professor White).
[167] Senate Select Committee on Human Embryo
Experimentation Bill 1985, Human Embryo
Experimentation in Australia, September1986, p.28; see also Submission 892 (SCBI).
[168] Submission
892, p.6 (SCBI).
[169] Submission
876, p.5 (Catholic Archdiocese of Melbourne).
[170] Submission
211, p.2 (Do No Harm, SA).
[171] Submission
86, Additional information 26.9.02 (Dr Tonti-Filippini).
[172] Submission
1053, p.4 (Ms Joseph).
[173] Submission
1301 (Dr Hallen); see also Submission
156 (Dr Orr).
[174] Committee
Hansard, 17.9.02, p.71 (Ms Royles).
[175] Committee
Hansard, 17.9.02, p.71 (Ms Royles).
[176] Committee
Hansard, 17.9.02, p.71 (James Shepherd).
[177] Committee
Hansard, 17.9.02, p.71 (James Shepherd).
[178] Committee
Hansard, 17.9.02, p.71 (Mr Langdon).
[179] Submission
843, p.1 (Dr Brock).
[180] Committee
Hansard, 17.9.02, p.73 (Ms Knott).
[181] Submission
843, p.2 (Dr Brock).
[182] Submission
843, p.2 (Dr Brock).
[183] Committee
Hansard, 17.9.02, p.81 (James Shepherd).
[184] Committee
Hansard 17.9.02,p.73 (Ms Knott).
[185] Submission
86, p.6 (Dr Tonti-Filippini).
[186] Submission
672, p.3 (Anglican Diocese of Sydney).
[187] Submission
480, p.6 (Dr McCullagh).
[188] Submission
1011, p.5 (Dr Santamaria).
[189] Submission
1003, Attachment p.2 (Right to Life Australia Inc).
[190] Submission
1003, Attachment p.2 (Right to Life Australia Inc).
[191] Submission
1010, p.2 (Dr Lamont).
[192] Submission
1016, p.2 (Hon G Kierath, MP).
[193] See, for example, Submissions 156, 359, 876.
[194] Submission
981, p.2 (Australian Catholic Bishops Conference).
[195] Submission
282, p.5 (National Civic Council (WA)).
[196] Submission
282, p.5 (National Civic Council (WA)).
[197] Submission
899, p.3 (Professor Tate).
[198] Submission
1047, p.3 (ACCESS).
[199] Submission
1047, p.3 (ACCESS).
[200] House of Lords, Select
Committee on Stem Cell Research Report, Chapter 4, p.5, http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/Id200102/Idselect/Idstem/83/8305.htm
(16 September 2002).
[201] House of Lords, Select
Committee on Stem Cell Research Report, Chapter 4, p.5.
[202] Roy Morgan International conducted surveys in
June and November 2001, showing that 72% and 70% of Australians approve the
research. Submission 895 (CAMRA).
[203] Submission
1047, p.4 (ACCESS).
[204] Submission
419, p.2 (Dr Best).
[205] Submission
301, p.1 (Mr Leipoldt).
[206] Submission
301, p.1 (Mr Leipoldt).
[207] Submission
301, p.1 (Mr Leipoldt).
[208] Submission
301, (Transcript of his talk on Radio National, ‘Perspective’, 5 September
2002).
[209] Submission
480, p.8 (Dr McCullagh). See also, Submission
876.
[210] Committee
Hansard, 24.9.02, p.182 (Dr van Gend).
[211] Submission
1598, p.4 (Disability Action Group); see also Submissions 1081, 1084, 1293.
[212] Submission
898, p.1 (Dr Newell).
[213] Submission
1293, p.5 (Diabetics for Ethical Treatment).
[214] Committee
Hansard, 17.9.02, p.85 (Mr Turner).
[215] Committee
Hansard, 17.9.02, p.85 (Ms Knott).
[216] Committee
Hansard, 17.9.02, p.73 (Ms Knott).
[217] Committee
Hansard, 17.9.02, p.74 (Ms Knott).
[218] Submission
898, p.7 (Dr Newell). See also Submission
1025 (Endeavour Forum).
[219] Submission
983 (Australian Family Association (Baywater/Boronia Branch)).
[220] Submission
876, p.2 (Catholic Archdiocese of Melbourne). See also Submission 981.
[221] See, for example, Submissions 301, 359, 480, 876, 983.
[222] ACCESS quoted former US Surgeon General, C.
Everett Koop, who was personally opposed to abortion, but who argued that
personal moral beliefs should not automatically be enacted into laws enforced
by the State. Submission 1047.
[223] Submission
896, p.2 (Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation).
[224] Submission
1041, p.6 (Professor Kretser).
[225] Committee
Hansard, 26.9.02, p.191 (Ms Dill).
[226] Committee
Hansard, 24.9.02, p.175 (Dr van Gend).
[227] Committee
Hansard, 24.09.02, p.165 (Dr Tonti-Filippini).
[228] Submission
895, p.1 (CAMRA).
[229] Submission
1030, p.2 (BresaGen Ltd).
[230] Submission
1041, p.5 (Professor de Kretser).
[231] Committee
Hansard, 17.9.02, p.52 (Professor Silburn).
[232] Submission
1039 p.2 (ES Cell International Pte Ltd).
[233] Submission
1043 (Professor Trounson).
[234] Committee
Hansard, 24.9.02, p.153 (Professor Trounson).
[235] Submission
1002, p.3 (Professor Williamson).
[236] Submission
685, p.3 (Dr Pollard).
[237] Submission
1500, p.1 (Qld Government).
[238] Committee
Hansard, 24.9.02, p.135 (Professor Pera).
[239] Committee
Hansard, 19.9.02, p.120 (Dr Coulepis).
[240] Committee
Hansard, 19.9.02, pp.121-122 (Dr Coulepis).
[241] Explanatory memorandum, p.3.
[242] For example, Submissions
1, 156, 282, 285, 981, 1031, 1033 and 1053.
[243] Submission
981, p.15 (ACBC).
[244] For example, Submissions
86, 870, 876, 884, 981 and 1061.
[245] Submission
876, p.11 (CAM). Submissions 981,
p.16 (ACBC); 86, p.2. (Dr Tonti-Filippini); and 870, p.10 (Qld Bioethics
Centre) endorsed or proposed substantially similar definitions.
[246] Submission
86, p.2 (Dr Tonti-Filippini).
[247] Submission
897, Additional information 15.10.02 (Professor Jansen).
[248] Submission
1001, Additional information 15.10.02 (Dr Pope).
[249] Submission
873, Additional information 11.10.02 (Professor Pera).
[250] Submission
876, p.11 (CAM).
[251] Explanatory memorandum, p.6.
[252] Submissions
876, p.11 (CAM) and 86, p.2 (Dr Tonti-Filippini).
[253] Submissions
876, p.11 (CAM) and 86, p.2 (Dr Tonti-Filippini).
[254] Submission
981, p.16 (ACBC). The NHMRC responded to this point in additional information
dated 18.10.02.
[255] Submission
870, p.10 (Qld Bioethics Centre).
[256] Submissions
86, p.3 (Dr Tonti-Filippini); 876, p.14 (CAM); 981, p.16 (ACBC).
[257] Committee
Hansard, 26.9.02, p.262 (Dr Morris).
[258] Committee
Hansard, 26.9.02, p.256-257 (Dr Morris).
[259] Committee
Hansard, 26.9.02, p.262 (Ms Matthews).
[260] Committee
Hansard, 24.9.02, p.181 (Mr Mimmo).
[261] Explanatory memorandum, p.7.
[262] Submission
23, p.15 (NHMRC).
[263] Explanatory memorandum, pp.8 and 9.
[264] Submission
23, Additional information 15.10.02, p.5 (NHMRC).
[265] Explanatory memorandum, p.9.
[266] Committee
Hansard, 26.9.02, p.200 (Professor Jansen).
[267] Submission
23, Additional information 15.10.02, p.5 (NHMRC).
[268] Explanatory memorandum, p.10.
[269] Submission
897, p.6 (Professor Jansen).
[270] Submission
23, Additional information 15.10.02, p.6 (NHMRC).
[271] Explanatory memorandum, p.11.
[272] Submission
23, Additional information 13.9.02, p.15 (NHMRC).
[273] Submission
23, Additional information 13.9.02, p.16 (NHMRC).
[274] Baroness Mary Warnock was invited by the UK
Government in July 1982 to chair a Committee of Inquiry into the ‘social,
ethical and legal implications of recent, and potential developments in the
field of human assisted reproduction’. The report of that committee is the Report of the Committee of Inquiry into
Human Fertilisation and Embryology (1984).
[275] Committee
Hansard, 17.9.02, p.35 (SCBI).
[276] Submission
1843, p.1. (GeneEthics Network).
[277] Explanatory memorandum, p.13.
[278] Submission
1843, p.2. (GeneEthics Network).
[279] Committee
Hansard, 19.9.02, p.104 (Professors Good and Rowe).
[280] Committee
Hansard, 26.9.02, p.246 (Dr Morris); see also Submission 23, Additional information received 16.10.02, p.6
(NHMRC).
[281] Submission
1030, p.12 (BresaGen).
[282] Committee
Hansard, Tuesday, 24 September 2002, p.170 (Dr Best).
[283] For example Submissions
37, 100, 282, 285, 362, 480, 540, 614, 805, 869, 871, 872, 880, 981, 1012,
1027, 1030, 1031, 1035, 1041, 1072, 1074, 1099, 1239, 1250, 1263, 1300, 1409,
1484, 1542, 1561, 1600 and 1833.
[284] Submission
1263, p.7 (Biotechnology Australia).
[285] Australian Biotechnology News,
vol.1 No.29, 4
October 2002, p.5.
[286] For example Submissions
37, 100, 282, 285, 362, 540, 869, 872, 981, 1027, 1031, 1049, 1250, 1409, 1484,
1487, 1542 and 1600.
[287] Committee
Hansard, 17.09.02, p.52 (Professor Silburn).
[288] Committee
Hansard, 26.09.02, p. 215 (Dr Neville, ACBC).
[289] Submission
1012, p.2 (Stem Cell Sciences).
[290] ibid.
[291] For example Submissions
86, 210, 369, 1036 and 1071.
[292] Submission
614, p.2 (Professor Good).
[293] Submission
1843, p.2 (GeneEthics Network).
[294] For instance, Submissions 216, p.1 (K Seager); 876, p.11 (CAM); and 1020, p.5 (I
Hamilton).
[295] Committee
Hansard, 17.9.02, p.52 (Senator Barnett).
[296] Submission
876, p.11 (CAM); see also Submission
1061, p.1 (Dr Joshua).
[297] Submission
876, p.11 (CAM).
[298] Submission
1012, p.2 (Stem Cell Sciences).
[299] Submission 876, p.11 (CAM).
[300] Submission
1502, p.6 (Salt Shakers - a Christian Ethics Group).
[301] See Submissions
876 (CAM), 981 (ACBC), 1035 (Australian Youth Alliance (Vic)) and 1843
(GeneEthics Network).
[302] Submission
23, Additional information 15.10.02, p.3 (NHMRC).
[303] Explanatory memorandum, p.17.
[304] Submission
23, p.20 (NHMRC).
[305] Submission
23, pp.20 and 21 (NHMRC).
[306] Committee
Hansard, 26.9.02, p.204 (Dr Pope).
[307] Submission
1001, p.1 (Dr Pope).
[308] Submission
1001, p.2. (Dr Pope).
[309] Committee
Hansard, 26.9.02, p.205 (Professor Illingworth).
[310] Professor Illingworth, Additional information,
8.10.02
[311] Submission
1047, p.2 (ACCESS).
[312] Submission
1500, p.3 (Qld Government).
[313] Submission
23, Additional information 15.10.02, pp.1, 4 (NHMRC).
[314] The Committee received several submissions that
expressed concern with references the Bill makes to guidelines issued by the
NHMRC and other bodies. These concerns are discussed below in relation to
clauses 36 and 39 under the heading ‘Licensing System’.
[315] Submission 1843, p.2 (GeneEthics Network); See
also Committee Hansard, 24.9.02,
p.165 (Dr Tonti-Filippini).
[316] Submission
1030, p.12 (BresaGen).
[317] Explanatory memorandum, p.21.
[318] Submission
876, p.12 (CAM); See also Submission 1843,
p.3 (GeneEthics Network).
[319] Submission
981, p.17 (ACBC).
[320] Explanatory memorandum, p.18.
[321] Submission
282, p.9 (NCC-WA). See also Submissions
870 (Qld Bioethics Centre); 981, p.19 (ACBC); and 1235 (Don’t Cross the Line
(NSW)).
[322] Submission
23, p.21 (NHMRC).
[323] Submissions
282, p.8 (NCC-WA); 981, p.19 (ACBC); and 1015, p.2 (Dr Piercy).
[324] Committee
Hansard, 26.9.02, p.248 (Dr Breen).
[325] Committee
Hansard, 26.9.02, p.251 (Dr Breen).
[326] Submission
1843, p.3 (GeneEthics Network).
[327] Committee
Hansard, 26.9.02, p.194 (Professor Jansen).
[328] Committee
Hansard, 26.9.02, p.194 (Professor Jansen).
[329] Ethical
Guidelines on Assisted Reproductive Technology, p.5, paragraph 3.1.1.
[330] Submission
1012, p.2 (Stem Cell Sciences).
[331] Ethical
Guidelines on Assisted Reproductive Technology, p.5, paragraph 3.1.3.
[332] For instance, see Submission
1036, p.5 (FINRRAGE).
[333] Ethical
Guidelines on Assisted Reproductive Technology, p. 8, paragraph 4.1.
[334] Submission
1502, p.6 (Salt Shakers - A Christian Ethics Group).
[335] Submissions
282, p.8 (NCC-WA); 981, p.19 (ACBC); 1015, p.2 (Dr Piercy) and 1843
(GeneEthics Network).
[336] Submission
1029, p.1 (Australian Family Association, Newcomb Branch).
[337] Senate Scrutiny of Bills Committee, Work of the
Committee during the 38th Parliament, chapter 6.
[338] (1943) 67 CLR 58.
[339] Senate Scrutiny of Bills Committee, Work of the
Committee during the 38th Parliament, chapter 6.
[340] Senate Scrutiny of Bills Committee, Alert Digest
No. 7 (21.8.02), p.36.
[341] Submission
1843, p.4. (GeneEthics Network).
[342] Committee
Hansard, 29.8.02, p.17 (Senator Barnett).
[343] Committee
Hansard, 29.8.02, pp.17-18 (Ms Matthews).
[344] Explanatory memorandum, pp.25-26.
[345] Submission
1843, p.4. (GeneEthics Network).
[346] Submission
981, p.17 (ACBC).
[347] Committee
Hansard, 26.9.02, p.267 (Dr Morris).
[348] Submission
1843, p.4. (GeneEthics Network).
[349] Parliamentary Library Bills Digest No.17
2002-03, p.10 and House of Representatives’ report on human cloning,
pp.132-145.
[350] Submissions
282, p.11 (NCC-WA), 764 (CNI-WA), 1073, p.6 (Festival of Light).
[351] House of
Representatives, Hansard, p.6866,
24.9.02 and p.6888, 25.9.02 (Mr Williams).
[352] The Parliamentary Library Bills Digest No.17
2002-03, pp.10-14, provides a detailed outline of the heads of constitutional
power that might support the legislation.
[353] Submission
23, Additional information 13.9.02 part 2 (c). Copies of the AGS advice dated
13 February and 30 April 2002 were provided to the Committee through
the Committee Chair.
[354] Submission
891, p.3 (NSW Government).
[355] Submission
981 (ACBC).
[356] Committee Hansard, 26.9.02, p.190
(Professor Illingworth);
see also additional information from Professor Illingworth, 16.10.02.
[357] Committee
Hansard, 24.0.02, p.140 (Professor Trounson).
[358] Committee
Hansard, 26.9.02, p.211 (Professor Jansen).
[359] Submission
1030, p.1 (BresaGen).
[360] Committee
Hansard, 19.9.02, p.125 (AusBiotech).
[361] For example Committee
Hansard 17.9.02, p.58 (Professor Silburn).
[362] Submission
480, p.9 (Dr McCullagh).
[363] Committee
Hansard, 19.9.02, p.99 (Professor Good).
[364] Committee
Hansard 19.9.02, p.90 (Professor Good).
[365] Committee
Hansard, 19.9.02, p.123 (Professor Hearn).
[366] Submission
23, Additional information 13.9.02, p.12 (NHMRC).
[367] Submission
1030, p.9 (BresaGen).
[368] Submission
1007, p.1 (Monash IVF).
[369] Submission
892, p.9 (SCBI). A similar view was put by the Catholic Archdiocese of
Melbourne in Submission 876, p.13
(Professor Jansen).
[370] Submission
897, Additional information 1.10.02 (Professor Jansen).
[371] Submission
1047 (ACCESS) and Professor Illingworth, Additional information 27.9.02.
[372] House of
Representatives, Hansard, p.6896,
25.9.02 (Mr Williams).
[373] House of
Representatives, Hansard, p.6905,
25.9.02 (Mr Cadman).
[374] Submission
1570, Attachment 2, p.5 (Pro-Life Victoria).
[375] House of
Representatives, Hansard, p.6907,
25.9.02 (Mr Williams).
[376] Submission
891, p.6 (NSW Government).
[377] Submission
1500, p.4 (Qld Government).
[378] Submission
1500, p.4 (Qld Government).
[379] Submission
1500, p.4 (Qld Government); see also Submission
891, p.8 (NSW Government).
[380] Submission
891, p.9 (NSW Government); Submission
1500, p.6 (Qld Government).
[381] Senate,
Hansard, 18.9.02, p.4324.
[382] Report of the Committee on Inquiry into Human
Fertilisation and Embryology, HMSO, July 1984 (cm.9314).
[383] House of Representatives Standing Committee on
Legal and Constitutional Affairs, Human
cloning: scientific, ethical and regulatory aspects of human cloning and stem
cell research, August 2001, pp.191-94 [hereafter Human Cloning].
[384] Chief Medical Officer’s Expert Advisory Group on
Therapeutic Cloning, Stem Cell Research:
Medical Progress with Responsibility, (the Donaldson Report), Department of
Health, 2000, http://www.doh.gov.uk/cegc/stemcellreport.htm
[385] House of Commons Science and Technology
Committee, Developments in Human Genetics
and Embryology, 4th Report of Session 2001-02, HC791, p.9; also, Human cloning pp.196-98.
[386] House of Lords Stem Cell Research Committee, Report, February 2002, Session 2001-02,
HL 83(i), http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200102/ldselect/ldstem/83/8301.htm
[387] For a more extensive discussion of the US
situation, see Human cloning, pp.180-91.
[388] NBAC, Ethical
Issues in Human Stem Cell Research, Rockville, Maryland, January 2000; see
also Human cloning, pp.184-85.
[389] National Institutes of Health, Guidelines for Research Using Human
Pluripotent Stem Cells, http://www.nih.gov/news/stemcell/stemcellguidelines.htm see also Human cloning, pp.186-87.
[390] President George W Bush, Remarks by the President on Stem Cell Research, 9.8.01, http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2001/08/print/20010809-2.html
[391] Submission
1263, p.14 (Biotechnology Australia).
[392] http://info.sen.ca.gov/pub/bill/sen/sb_0251-0300/sb_253_bill_20020830_enrolled.html
[393] Submission
23, p.23 (NHMRC).
[394] http://www.parl.gc.ca/37/1/parlbus/chambus/house/bills/government/C-56/C-56_1/C-56_cover-E.html;
Submission 23, p.24 (NHMRC).
[395] Health Canada, Proposed Act Respecting Assisted Human Reproduction-An Overview,
May 2002, http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/english/media/releases/2002/2002_34.htm
[396] European Parliament, Directorate General for
Research, The Ethical Implications of
Research Involving Human Embryos, Final Study, July 2000, p.49.
[397] http://www.vr.se/fileserver/index.asp?fil=LCK7HDEK3U6H
[398] Information provided by the Embassy of Sweden,
1.10.02.
[399] European Parliament, Directorate General for
Research, The Ethical Implications of
Research Involving Human Embryos, Final Study, July 2000, p.47.
[400] DFG, New
DFG Recommendations concerning research with human stem cells, May 2001, http://www.dfg.de/english/press/releases/Archive/presse_2001_16_eng.html
[401] BBC News, Germany
authorises stem cell imports, 03.1.02, http://www.bbc.co.uk
[402] The Scientist, Never European twain shall meet, 26.11.01, http://www.biomedcentral.com
[403] Danish EU Presidency, Press release, 31.7.02,
http://www.eu2002.dk/news/news_read.asp?iInformationID=21356
[404] Submission
23, p.24 (NHMRC).
[405] Prof. Pettigrew, Committee Hansard, 29/8/02, p.2.
[406] For example: Dr Juttner, BresaGen Ltd, Committee Hansard, 17/9/02, pp.32, 38;
Dr Silburn, Parkinson’s Australia, Committee
Hansard, 17/9/02, p.51, 58-59; Prof. Rowe, Committee Hansard, 19/9/02, p.104; Prof. Good, Committee Hansard, 19/9/02, p.91; Prof. Bartlett, Committee Hansard, 19/9/02, p.95.
[407] Dr Silburn, Parkinson’s Australia, Committee Hansard, 17/9/02, p.52; Prof.
Rowe, Committee Hansard, 19/9/02,
p.95; Prof. Hearn, ANU, Committee Hansard,
19/9/02, p.95; Prof. Shine, Committee
Hansard, 19/9/02, p.118.
[408] Prof. Tuch: 3,4,5 plus years, Committee Hansard, 17/9/02, p.47; Prof.
Rowe: 20 to 30 years, Committee Hansard,
19/9/02, p.95; Prof. Bartlett, Committee
Hansard, 19/9/02, p.99; Dr Coulepis: 9, 10, 15 years to get a therapy plus
8-14 years to get therapy on the market, Committee
Hansard, 19/9/02, p.122.
[409] Prof. Good, Committee
Hansard, 19/9/02, p.98.
[410] Dr Silburn, Parkinson’s Australia, Committee Hansard, 17/9/02, p.56; Prof.
Rowe, Committee Hansard, 19/9/02,
p.95; Prof. Good, Committee Hansard,
19/9/02, pp.90-1; Prof. Hearn, Committee
Hansard, 19/9/02, pp.114, 122, 123.
[411] Prof. Good, Committee
Hansard, 19/9/02, p.90; Dr Silburn, Parkinson’s Australia, Committee Hansard, 17/9/02, p.54; Prof.
Bartlett, Committee Hansard, 19/9/02,
p.94.
[412] Prof. Good, Committee
Hansard, 19/9/02, p.89.
[413] Prof. Good, Committee
Hansard, 19/9/02, pp.91, 97; Prof. Bartlett, Committee Hansard, 19/9/02, p.95.
[414] Prof. Good, Committee
Hansard, 19/9/02, p.91; Prof. Bartlett, Committee
Hansard, 19/9/02, p.94.
[415] Committee
Hansard, 19/9/02, p.91.
[416] Submission 480; Committee Hansard, 19/9/02, p.91.
[417] Dr Fleming/Dr Pike, Southern Cross Bioethics
Institute, Submission 892.
[418] Dr Silburn, Parkinson’s Australia, Committee Hansard, 17/9/02, p.53.
[419] Dr McCullagh, Submission 480.
[420] Dr McCullagh, Submission 480.
[421] Prof. Trounson, Committee Hansard, 24/9/02, p.136.
[422] Prof. Hearn, ANU, Committee Hansard, 19/9/02, p.114; Prof. Tuch, Committee Hansard, 17/9/02, p.35; Ms Royles, CAMRA, Committee Hansard, 17/9/02, pp.70, and
Mr Turner at p.75; Prof. Bartlett, Committee
Hansard, 19/9/02, p.95; Ms Hartland, Biotechnology Australia, Committee Hansard, 26/9/02, p.228.
[423] Footnote 2.
[424] Prof. Rowe, Committee
Hansard, 19/9/02, p.95; Prof. Hearn, Committee
Hansard, 19/9/02, p.114; Dr Coulepis, Committee
Hansard, 19/9/02, p.121; Prof. Serjeantson, Australian Academy of Science, Committee Hansard, 19/9/02, p.120; Prof.
Shine, Committee Hansard, 19/9/02,
p.118; Prof. Tuch, Committee Hansard,
17/9/02, p.40; Prof. Bartlett, Committee
Hansard, 19/9/02, p.94; Dr Silburn, Parkinson’s Australia, Committee Hansard, 17/9/02, p.53.
[425] Prof. Rowe, Committee
Hansard, 19/9/02, p.104.
[426] Dr Silburn, Parkinson’s Australia, Committee Hansard, 17/9/02, p.52, Prof.
Rowe, Committee Hansard, 19/9/02,
p.95. See below “Commercial interest in embryos”.
[427] H51, H91, H96, H98 (Good and Rowe), H99
(Bartlett). See also below “Commercial interest in embryos”.
[428] Prof. Pera, Committee
Hansard, 24/9/02, p.135.
[429] Prof. Pera, Committee
Hansard, 24/9/02, p.135; Mr Ilyine, Stem Cell Sciences Ltd, Committee Hansard, 17/9/02, p.40; Dr
Juttner, BresaGen, 17/9/02, p.38; Dr Simmons, Committee Hansard, 19/9/02, p.111 (also to improve stem cell lines
if derivation conditions were not optimal). According to Dr Juttner, BresaGen,
100 to 200 stem cell lines would be required for this purpose: Committee Hansard, 17/9/02, p.50.
[430] Prof Trounson, Committee Hansard, 24/10/02, p.153.
[431] Prof. Pera, Committee
Hansard, 24/9/02, p.135.
[432] Prof. Pera, Committee
Hansard, 24/9/02, p.135.
[433] Prof. Pera, Committee
Hansard, 24/9/02, p.135.
[434] Dr Silburn, Committee
Hansard, 17/9/02, p.52; Prof. Good, Committee
Hansard, 19/9/02, p.102.
[435] Footnote 4.
[436] Prof. Good, Committee
Hansard, 19/9/02, p.96.
[437] See Footnote 2, especially Dr Juttner, BresaGen,
17/9/02, p.39; Prof. Good, Committee
Hansard, 19/9/02; p.96; Prof. Tuch, Committee
Hansard, 17/9/02, p.39.
[438] Prof. Good, Committee
Hansard, 19/9/02, p.98.
[439] Prof. Trounson: “20 to 30 or 50 may well be
enough”, Committee Hansard, 24/9/02,
p.140.
[440] In order to create therapeutic cell lines to
provide therapies for a wide range of humanity: Dr Juttner, Committee Hansard, 17/9/02, p.39.
[441] Prof. Good, Committee
Hansard, 19/9/02, p.98; Dr Simmons: that estimation “seems perfectly
reasonable”, Committee Hansard, 19/9/02,
p.106.
[442] Dr Morris and Ms Matthews, NHMRC, 29/8/02, pp.7,
8; Prof. Tuch, Committee Hansard,
17/9/02, p.37; Prof. Shine, Committee
Hansard, 19/9/02, p.116; Dr Coulepis, Committee
Hansard, 19/9/02, p.125.
[443] Prof. Good, Committee
Hansard, 19/9/02, p.98; Dr Juttner, Committee
Hansard, 17/9/02, p.39.
[444] Committee
Hansard, 19/9/02, p.98.
[445] Prof. White, Committee
Hansard, 19/9/02, p.124.
[446] Prof. Trounson, Committee Hansard, 24/9/02, p.141.
[447] Dr McCullagh, Committee Hansard, 24/9/02, p.157.
[448] Prof. Bartlett, 19/9/02, p.99
[449] Dr Best, Committee
Hansard, 24/9/02, p.158.
[450] Prof. Good, Committee
Hansard, 19/9/02, p.98.
[451] Prof. Rowe, Committee
Hansard, 19/9/02, p.98.
[452] Dr Pike, Committee
Hansard, 17/9/02, p.55.
[453] Dr Juttner, Committee
Hansard, 17/9/02, p.40.
[454] Prof. Tuch, Committee
Hansard, 17/9/02, p.40.
[455] Dr Silburn, Committee
Hansard, 17/9/02, p.56.
[456] Dr Pike, Committee
Hansard, 17/9/02, p.57.
[457] Prof. Hearn, Committee
Hansard, 19/9/02, p.115. Dr Best agreed with this limitation: Committee Hansard, 24/9/02, p.158.
[458] Prof. Hearn, Committee
Hansard, 19/9/02, p.119.
[459] Prof. Hearn, Committee
Hansard, 19/9/02, p.123.
[460] Prof. Serjeantson, Committee Hansard, 19/9/02, p.120.
[461] Dr Best, Committee
Hansard, 24/9/02, p.155.
[462] See also, Dr Pike, Committee Hansard, 17/9/02, p.55.
[463] Dr Elefanty, Committee
Hansard, 24/9/02, p.138.
[464] Dr Pike, Committee
Hansard, 17/9/02, p.55.
[465] Prof. Pettigrew, Committee Hansard, 29/8/02, p.2.
[466] Dr Elefanty, Committee
Hansard, 24/9/02, p.137.
[467] Dr Neville, Committee
Hansard, 26/9/02, p.217.
[468] Ms Matthews, NHMRC, Committee Hansard, 29/8/02, p.8.
[469] See above “Number of embryos”.
[470] Mr Ilyine, Committee
Hansard, 17/9/02, p.36.
[471] Mr Ilyine, Committee
Hansard, 17/9/02, p.45.
[472] NHMRC, Committee
Hansard, 29/8/02, p.17.
[473] Committee
Hansard, 26/9/02, p.251.
[474] Submission 1843, ACF GeneEthics Network.
[475] Submission 1843, ACF GeneEthics Network.
[476] Prof. Hearn, Committee
Hansard, 19/9/02, p.115; Prof. White, Committee
Hansard, 19/9/02, p.118.
[477] Prof. Pettigrew and Dr Morris, NHMRC, Committee Hansard, 29/8/02, p.28.
[478] Submission 1843, ACF GeneEthics Network.
[479] Submission 1843, ACF GeneEthics Network.
[480] Submission 1843, ACF GeneEthics Network.
[481] See Submission 1843, ACF GeneEthics Network.
[482] Ms Matthews, NHMRC, Committee Hansard, 29/8/02, pp. 14-15.
[483] GeneEthics Network, Submission 1843.
[484] Ibid.
[485] Prof. White, Committee
Hansard, 19/9/02, p.118.
[486] Ms Matthews, NHMRC, Committee Hansard, 29/8/02, p.11.
[487] Ms Matthews, NHMRC, Committee Hansard, 29/8/02, pp. 11-13, 17.
[488] Chair’s Report, para [3.104].
[489] Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and
Social Research, “When human life begins: Public perceptions”, Australian Social Monitor, Vol. 5, No.
1, February 2002, pp.15-16.
[490] Chair’s Report, para [4.126] referring to the
Senate Scrutiny of Bills Committee, Work of the Committee during the 38th
Parliament, chapter 6.
[491] Chair’s Report, para [4.130]
[492] Committee
Hansard, 26/9/02, p.251.
[493] NHMRC, Submission 23, p. 21.
[494] Dr Breen, Committee
Hansard, 26/9/02, p. 251.
[495] Committee
Hansard, 26/9/02, p.249.
[496] All references to sections
and clauses in the Chair’s report are to the original Bill. However, as this
was split in the House of Representatives subsequent to the referral to the
Senate Committee, all references in this supplementary report will be to the
two Bills that the Senate will actually debate.
[497] EM, Research Involving
Embryos and Prohibition of Human Cloning Bill 2002, p. 18
[498] Dr Clive Morris, NHMRC, Committee Hansard, 29.8.02, p. 7
[499] Bresagen, Submission No.
1030.
[500] Queensland Government,
Submission No. 1500.
[501] Professor de Kretser,
Submission No. 1041, Professor Trounson,
Committee Hansard, 24.9.02, p. 153
[502] Bresagen, Submission No.
1030, p. Privately funded ES research is largely deregulated in the USA.
[503] Committee Hansard, 24.9.02, p. 155
[504] Eg Australian Catholic
Bishops Conference, submission 981, Anglican Diocese of Sydney, Social Issues
Executive, Submission No. 672, Queensland Bioethics Centre is an agency of the
Catholic Archdiocese of Brisbane. Mr Campbell, Committee Hansard, 26.09.02, p. 217 (We make it clear this is a
transparent relationship and no attempt was made by QBC to represent itself as
independent). Catholic Health Australia, Submission No. 897, Catholic Women’s
League Australia Submission No. 882, Catholic Archdiocese of Melbourne,
submission No. 876, Right to Life Australia, Submission No. 1003. In addition,
Southern Cross Bioethics Institute’s parent is Southern Cross Care which was
established by the Knights of the Southern Cross: Committee Hansard 17.09.02, p61. Dr Nicholas Tonti-Filippini is a
consultant ethicist to the Catholic Church.
[505] Committee Hansard, 24.09.02, p. 168
[506] Committee Hansard, 24.09.02, p. 175
[507] Committee Hansard, 24.09.02, p. 214
[508] Yiang Y et al, Pluripotency Of Mesenchchymal Stem Cells
Derived From Adult Marrow, Nature
418, pp. 41-49, 4 July 2002. Given the weight attached to this paper in
arguments privileging adult stem cell research over embryonic stem cell
research we emphasize that this comment does not infer that Verfaillie’s
results are flawed. It would be surprising if the result had been replicated so
soon after publication.
[509] Associate Professor Pera,
Submission No. 873, p. 2
[510] Refer Professor Good,
Submission 614, also his contributions in Committee
Hansard, 19.9.02, pp. 89-91.
[511] However, Dr Simmons also
stated “but to be fair, in kidney transplants patients are given
immunosuppressive drugs and they may be on those for many years, as a means of
combating rejection in that setting, and that is viewed as a perfectly
acceptable therapy”. Committee Hansard,
19.9.02, p. 97
[512] Bresagen, Submission No.
1030, p. 4. Dr Tonti-Filippini also referred to such techniques suggesting that
such an approach may yield an embryo if placed on a bed of tetraploid embryos.
Although he qualified this by noting that it is not known whether this capacity
(totipotency) is intrinsic to stem cells or to the capacity of the bed of
embryos. Committee Hansard, 24.9.02,
pp. 169-170. It is widely held that stem cells are not totipotent, in any
event, the use of this technique to create an embryo would be banned in the
legislation.
[513] Committee Hansard, additional material.
[514] See, for example, Professor
Tuch, Committee Hansard, 17.9.02, p.
47
[515] Committee Hansard, 19.9.02, p. 99
[516] Professor Bartlett, Committee Hansard, 19.9.02, p. 95
[517] Dr Simmons, Committee Hansard, 19.9.02, p. 92
[518] For an extensive
bibliography of treatments using patients own stem cells refer Dr Tonti-Filippini, Submission No. 86,
pp.10-17. See also Do No Harm, Submission No. 1042
[519] Dr Chris Juttner, Bresagen, Committee Hansard, 17.9.02, p. 32
[520] That is not strictly true as
there are implications for resource allocation and competition for funds
whether the legislation was passed, amended or defeated.
[521] Professor Simmons, Dr
Elefanty.
[522] Submission No. 1292, p. 2
and also refer table 1.
[523] Drs Elefanty and Stanley,
Submission No. 477, p. 2
[524] Committee Hansard, 24.9.02, p. 138
[525] Committee Hansard, 19.9.02, p. 106
[526] Submission No. 1002
[527] Committee Hansard, 24.9.02, p. 142
[528] Transcript of interview,
Professor Catherine Verfaillie, The World Today, 22 August 2002,
http://www.abc.net.au/worldtoday/s656192.htm
[529] Submission No. 162, p. 4
[530] Professor Trounson, Committee
Hansard, 24.9.02, p. 135
[531] Professor Tuch, Committee Hansard, 17.09.02, pp. 40-1,
professor Trounson, Committee Hansard, 24.9.02, p.135
[532] Dr Juttner, Committee Hansard, 17.9.02, p. 40, see
also comments of Professor Trounson, Committee Hansard, 24.9.02, p. 141,
submission Elefanty and Stanley
[533] Professor Trounson, Committee
Hansard, 24.9.02.
[534] Committee Hansard, 17.9.02, p. 52
[535] Committee Hansard, 17.9.02, p. 53
[536] Committee Hansard, 19.9.02, p. 98
[537] Submission No. 1030, p. 3
[538] Committee Hansard, 17.9.02, p. 40
[539] Associate Professor Pera, Committee Hansard, 24.9.02, p. 135
[540] Professor Bartlett, Committee Hansard, 19.9.02, p. 100
[541] Associate Professor Pera, Committee Hansard, 24.9.02, p. 135, Dr
Stanley, ibid, p. 139
[542] Mr Ilyine, Committee Hansard, 17.9.02, p. 40,
Associate Professor Pera, Committee
Hansard, 24.9.02, p. 135, Professor
Trounson, ibid, p. 140
[543] Professor Trounson, Committee
Hansard, 24.9.02, p.140
[544] Dr Juttner, Committee Hansard, 17.9.02, p. 38,
Professor Tuch, Committee Hansard,
17.9.02, p. 39
[545] Associate Professor Pera, Committee Hansard, 24.9.02, p.135
[546] Committee Hansard, 19.9.02, pp. 100-101
[547] Committee Hansard, 26.9.02, p. 211
[548] Committee Hansard, 17.9.02, p. 52
[549] Committee Hansard, 24.9.02, p. 141
[550] Bresagen, Submission 1030,
No. 1
[551] Professor Good, Committee Hansard, 19.9.02, p. 90
[552] There is a vast literature
in History, philosophy and sociology of science that outlines the nature of
scientific disputes. The work of Kuhn, Latour, Cangelheim and Feyerabend, for
example, are well established ‘classics’ in these fields.
[553] Council
of Australian Governments - Communiqu http://www.pm.gov.au/news/media_releases/2002/media_release1588.htm. See also Dr Clive Morris, NHMRC, Committee Hansard, 29 8.02, p. 7 and p.
29
[554] NHMRC Submission No. 23,
additional information, 13.9.02, p. 11
[555] ibid, p. 12
[556] Professor Illingworth,
Westmead Fertility Clinic, Communication to the Secretary, 10.02
[557] Rev. Dr John Fleming and Dr
Gregory Pike, Southern Cross Bioethics Institute, Submission No. 892, p. 9
[558] Professor Peter Illingworth,
response to Question on Notice. Evidence consistent with Professor
Illingworth’s comments was also provided by Sandra Dill of Access and Professor
Doug Saunders, Chair of RTAC. See also ACCESS fact sheet #32 - Ovarian
Hyperstimulation Syndrome by Professor Geoffrey Driscoll.
[559] Hansard Report 1986, Vol. 1,
p. 391-2, cited in Southern Cross Bioethics Institute, Submission 892,
additional information, 2.10.02
[560] Southern Cross Bioethics, Letter to Secretary, Senate Community
Affairs Committee, October 2, 2002
[561] ibid
[562] Professor Robert Jansen,
Submission 897, see also Committee
Hansard, 26.9.02, pp 207-208
[563] ibid
[564] ibid
[565] Professor Robert Jansen, additional information e-mailed to the
Secretary, 1 October 2002. Professor Jansen also points out that in 1985
embryos were not frozen, so embryos became surplus immediately. Dr Pope gave
similar evidence.
[566] Committee Hansard, 29 8.02, p. 29
[567] Dr Adrienne Pope, Submission
No. 1001, Monash IVF, Submission No. 1007, Access Australia Infertility Network,
Submission No. 47, Professor Peter Illingworth, Westmead Fertility Clinic, Committee Hansard, 26.9.02, pp
[568] Access Australia Infertility
Network, Submission No. 47, p. 4. Under Victorian, South Australian legislation
there are some restrictions on such practices.
[569] Access Australia Infertility
Network, Submission No. 47, p. 2
[570] The Member for Petrie, Ms
Teresa Gambaro proposed these amendments prior to the debate in the House of
Representatives on the legislation. The amendments were withdrawn prior to
debate.
[571] NHMRC, Submission No. 23, p.
21
[572] Dr Clive Morris, Committee Hansard, 29 8.02, p. 25
[573] Monash IVF, Submission No.
1007, p. 1
[574] Sydney IVF, Submission No.
897.
[575] See, for example, Professor
Colin Masters, Submission 87, Dr Tonti-Filippini, Submission No. 86, Do No
Harm, Submission No. 1042, Australian Catholic Bishops Conference, Submission
No. 981. Dr van Gend, Committee Hansard,
24.9.02, p. 177, Dr McCullagh, Submission No. 480 and Committee Hansard 24.9.02, p. 156,
[576] Committee Hansard, 26.9.02, p. 219
[577] Dr van Gend, e-mail to
secretariat, 1 October, 2002.
[578] Submission No. 480, p. 8
(not numbered in original)
[579] Committee Hansard, 17.9.02, p. 85
[580] Committee Hansard, 17.9.02, p. 85
[581] Committee Hansard, 17.9.02, p. 74
[582] Committee Hansard, 24.9.02, p. 182
[583] Committee Hansard, 24.9.02, pp. 182-3
[584] Committee Hansard, 24.9.02, p. 136
[585] The definition cited by
Professor Trounson is in the Glossary of
Terms, p. 270
[586] Committee Hansard, 24.9.02, p. 136
[587] Committee Hansard, 24.9.02, 136
[588] Committee Hansard, 24.9.02, 182
[589] Committee Hansard, 17.9.02, p. 52
[590] Committee Hansard, 24.9.02, p. 176
[591] Committee Hansard, 24.9.02, p. 155
[592] Mr Sullivan, Catholic Health
Australia, Committee Hansard,
26.9.02, p. 219
[593] Committee Hansard, 17.9.02, p. 71
[594] Committee Hansard, 17.9.02, p. 73
[595] As suggested by the Leader
of the Labor Party, Simon Crean, in his
second reading speech on this legislation in the House of
Representatives.
[596] Committee Hansard, 24.9.02, p. 158
[597] Explanatory Memorandum, Research Involving Embryos and Prohibition
of Human Cloning Bill 2002, p. 18
[598] Committee Hansard, 26.9.02, p. 256
[599] http://www.pm.gov.au/news/media_releases/2002/media_release1588.htm p. 1
[600] http://www.pm.gov.au/news/media_releases/2002/media_release1588.htm p. 7
[601] Committee Hansard, 29.8.02, p. 11
[602] COAG
[603] Committee Hansard, 29.8.02, p. 11
[604] See, for example, National
Civic Council - WA Division, Submission 282, p. 11, Festival of Light,
Submission No. 1076, p. 6
[605] The Attorney General, Mr
Williams, advised the House of Representatives that South Australia, Victoria
and Western Australia are currently amending their legislation to complement
the Commonwealth’s legislation. (House
Hansard, 24.9.02, p. 6866)
[606] Committee Hansard, 29.8.02,
p. 2
[607] Dr Kerry Breen, Chair,
Australian Health Ethics Committee, Tabled
Document, Australian Senate, 7 February, 2001, p 21477
[608] Committee Hansard, 26.9.02, pp. 214-5. See also comments of Mrs
Ulhmann, National Bioethics Convenor, Catholic Women’s League Australia Inc, Committee Hansard, 26.9.02, p. 218
[609] Bresagen, for instance,
specifically rejects Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer for precisely the sort of
reasons raised by Ms Riordan.
[610] Committee Hansard, 29 8.02,
p.28
[611] Stem Cell Sciences Ltd,
Submission No. 1012, p. 2
[612] Mr Ilyine, Committee Hansard, 17.9.02, p. 45
[613] Committee Hansard, 26.9.02, pp. 215 - 6
[614] Committee Hansard, 17.9.02, p. 37
[615] ibid
[616] Genetic Privacy and
Non-discrimination Bill 1998, Patents Amendment Bill 1996. Also refer to discussion between Dr Neville and Senator
Stott Despoja, Committee Hansard,
26.9.02, p. 217
[617] Committee Hansard, 17.9.02, p. 36
[618] Committee Hansard, 17.9.02, p. 45
[619] Committee Hansard, 19.9.02, p. 97 It is important to note that
Professor Good is not arguing that resources are scarce therefore ban embryonic
stem cell research. See exchange between Professor Good and Professor Bartlett
clarifying Professor Good’s position. ibid
[620] Catholic Archdiocese of
Melbourne, Submission No. 876, p. 7
[621] Catholic Archdiocese of
Melbourne, Submission No. 876, p. 7, Dr Silburn, Committee Hansard, 17.9.02, p. 52 and numerous references from
Senators Harradine and Boswell in the course of the public hearings.
[622] Committee Hansard, 24.9.02, p. 142
[623] Committee Hansard,
29.8.02, p. 10
[624] Submission
981.
[625] Committee Hansard, 26.9.02, p.255-256
(Dr Morris)
[626] Committee Hansard, 26.09.02, p.215 (Dr
Neville)
[627] Submission
981
[628] Evidence given
on notice to the Committee by Dr Nicholas Tonti-Filippini, 26 September 2002.
[629] Submission 86
[630] Submission
156
[631] Submission
156
[632] Submission
870
[633] Submission
1301
[634] Submission
156
[635] Senate
Select Committee on the Human Embryo Experimentation Bill 1985, Human Embryo Experimentation in Australia,
Parliamentary Paper 437/1986, p.xiv.
[636] Committee
Hansard, 26.09.02, p.215 (Dr Neville)
[637] Committee
Hansard, 17.09.02, p.54 (Dr Pike)
[638] Submission
1036.
[639] Submission
86.
[640] Submission
1036
[641] Submission
981
[642] Senate Select Committee on the Human
Embryo Experimentation Bill 1985, Committee Hansard, 26.02.86, pages 391-392
(Dr Jansen)
[643] Submission
897
[644] Submission
871, 1041; Committee Hansard, 24.09.02, p.144 (Prof Pera)
[645] Submission
1300
[646] Committee Hansard, 19.9.02, p.95
(Professor Rowe)
[647] Submissions 84, 87, 162, 614; Committee
Hansard, 17.09.02, p.53; Committee Hansard, 19.09.02, p.95; Committee Hansard,
19.09.02, p.89-91.
[648] Submission
162
[649] Committee Hansard, 26.9.02, p.255-256
(Dr Morris)
[650] Submission
892, attachment Human Embryos: A
Limitless Scientific Resource?, page 8-9.
[651] Committee
Hansard, 24.09.02, p.165.
[652] Committee Hansard, 26.9.02, p.211
(Professor Jansen)
[653] Submissions
86, 480, 1042, 1571.
[654] Submission
86.
[655] Committee
Hansard, 19.9.02, p.91 (Professor Good)
[656] Submission
1837
[657] Submission
1293
[658] Submission
1081
[659] Submission
1084
[660] Submission
876
[661] Submission
1064
[662] Submission
1036
[663] Committee
Hansard, 19.09.02, p.105.
[664] Committee
Hansard, 24.09.02, page 175 (Dr van Gend)
[665] Submission
873
[666] Human
Cloning, pages 77-78.
[667]
Committee Hansard, 19.09.02, p.125
[668]
Submission 1036. See also submission
1046.
[669] Submission
1046
[670] Submission
1046
[671] Submission
981
[672] Submission
86
[673] Committee
Hansard, 26.09.02, p.256-257 (Dr Morris)
[674] Committee Hansard, 26.09.02, p.216 (Dr
Neville)
[675]
Committee Hansard, 26.09.02, p.220 (Dr Neville)
[676]
Submission 1843
[677]
Committee
Hansard, 24 September 2002, p.165.