Chapter 2Hearings

2.1This chapter lists the key topics discussed for each department and agency examined during the committee's hearings for Budget Estimates 2024–25. The discussion follows the outcome and agency structure.

Employment and Workplace Relations portfolio – Monday 3 June 2024

Department of Employment and Workplace Relations

2.2Senator the Hon Murray Watt, the Minister for Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry and the Minister for Emergency Management, represented the Minister for Employment and Workplace Relations and was joined by Ms Natalie James, Secretary of the Department of Employment and Workplace Relations (DEWR).

2.3The committee commenced its examination of DEWR by considering corporate and enabling services, cross-portfolio and general matters.

Corporate and Enabling Services, Cross-portfolio and general matters

2.4The committee discussed the following matters:

Update on resolving the underpayment of staff at DEWR:

remedial payments to staff;[1]

increased number of staff identified as underpaid;[2]

internal audit report;[3]

total cost relating to the underpayment;[4]

use of consultants;[5]

engagement with the Fair Work Ombudsman;[6]

communications with Minister Tony Burke;[7]

Impact of Future Made in Australia policy on the department;[8]

Use of labour hire in the department;[9]

Impact of the Right to Disconnect on the department;[10]

Estimates Manual for answering Senate Estimates questions;[11] and

Implementing the workplace delegates rights changes since the passing of the Closing Loopholes Bill 2024.[12]

Outcome 3: Workplace Relations

2.5The committee discussed the following topics under Outcome 3: Workplace Relations:

Fair Work Commission annual wage review;[13]

The Coalition's proposed industrial relations policy framework;[14]

Allocation of funding for the Productivity Education and Training fund;[15]

Working Women's Centres:

update on funding agreements;[16]

Changes to the union demerger provisions introduced from the passing of the Closing Loopholes Bill 2024;[17]

Casual workers:[18]

changes to the definition under the Fair Work Act;[19]

casual conversion;[20]

handling of disputes;[21]

Right to Disconnect:

impact analysis on small businesses;[22]

drafting of the amendment;[23]

guidance for employers;[24]

clauses in enterprise agreements;[25]

Review into the Paid Family and Domestic Violence Leave Act 2022;[26]

Investigation into wage theft in the coal mining industry;[27] and

Right of entry permits:

criteria for revoking a permit.[28]

Outcome 1: Employment

2.6The Secretary of DEWR, Ms Natalie James, made a statement regarding the Pacific Australian Labour Mobility scheme (PALM scheme) before the committee moved to questions:

You might recall from previous discussions about the PALM scheme, as we refer to it, that its domestic operations were insourced from a private provider at the end of 2023. This enabled us to strengthen oversight of the domestic operations and implement a new delivery model. Shortly after the insourcing process was finalised—it was a complex process—we became concerned about the PALM worker numbers and how they were being calculated. In response to this, we commenced a data-quality review of the PALM scheme worker data. We carried this out with the assistance of the department's chief data officer. This review identified a number of factors that were contributing to incorrect calculation of worker data.

…

We know how important PALM is to our stakeholders and how important it is to be transparent and have reliable data. We have established a new methodology to calculate worker numbers. We've commenced a process of recalculation. This is specialised work. We want to make sure that we have confidence in data going forward.[29]

2.7The committee also discussed the following matters:

Closing the Gap targets 7 and 8:

update on progress in meeting the targets;[30]

PALM scheme:

changes to minimum hours worked in a week;[31]

breaches of the new deed;[32]

historical data discrepancy;[33]

accommodation for workers;[34]

Workforce Australia:

performance ratings of service providers;[35]

Number of people impacted from changes to mutual obligations delivered in the 2024–25 Budget;[36]

Recommendations from Select Committee on Workforce Australia Employment Services report: Rebuilding Employment Services:[37]

timeline for government response;[38]

ParentsNext program:

contract extensions offered to providers;[39]

tender process for the new program;[40]

new qualifications for staff from providers;[41]

changes in the new program;[42]

engagement support vouchers;[43]

Job service providers requesting payslips from Jobseeker participants;[44] and

Workforce Australia Online.[45]

Employment and Workplace Relations portfolio – Tuesday 4 June 2024

Fair Work Commission

2.8The committee called officers from the Fair Work Commission and examined the following topics:

The issuing of right of entry permits;[46]

Annual wage review;[47]

Right to Disconnect:[48]

guidance to employers;[49]

Secure Jobs, Better Pay Act changes to the bargaining system;[50]

Wage rises for workers in feminised industries;[51]

Investigation into claims of wage theft in the coal mining industry;[52]

Avenues for workplace support for employees;[53]

Complaints made about Members of the Commission;[54]

Estimates Manual for answering Senate Estimates Questions;[55] and

Staffing in the Fair Work Commission:[56]

use of labour hire.[57]

Office of the Fair Work Ombudsman

2.9The committee called officers from the Office of the Fair Work Ombudsman and examined the following matters:

Right of Entry Permits[58]

Right to Disconnect:

use of the $500 000 provided to the Ombudsman to support the implementation;[59]

Obligations under the Safety, Rehabilitation and Compensation Act;[60]

Self-reporting and investigation of the underpayment of staff at the DEWR;[61]

Answers to Questions on Notice;[62]

Complaints received relating to underpayments of coal miners;[63]

Site inspections;[64]

Number of litigation cases;[65]

KPMG Review of the Fair Work Ombudsman;[66] and

Current average staffing level in the Industrial Compliance Branch.[67]

Safe Work Australia

2.10The committee called officers from Safe Work Australia and discussed the following topics:

Ban on engineered stone:[68]

compensation payments;[69] and

transition periods.[70]

Comcare

2.11The committee called officers from Comcare and discussed the use of Independent Medical Examinations.[71]

Department of Employment and Workplace Relations

Outcome 2: Skills and Training (Including Jobs and Skills Australia)

2.12The committee called officers from DEWR in relation to Outcome 2: Skills and Training (Including Jobs and Skills Australia) and the Chair welcomed Senator the Hon Anthony Chisholm, Assistant Minister for Education and Assistant Minister for Regional Development, representing the Minister for Skills and Training.

2.13The committee examined the following topics:

Advice provided by Jobs and Skills Australia to the government;[72]

Migration Strategy;[73]

Specialist Skills Pathway;[74]

Draft Core Skills Occupation List;[75]

New Energy Apprenticeship program;

interest in the program;[76]

Apprenticeship incentives;[77]

Boosting Apprenticeships Commencements program;[78]

Strategic Review of the Australian Apprenticeship Inventive System;[79]

Fee-free TAFE enrolments;[80]

Jobs and Skills Councils;[81]

Australian Skills Guarantee Procurement Connected Policy;[82]

Future Made in Australia policy;[83]

AUKUS:

establishment of skills taskforce;[84] and

Skills and Training Academy.[85]

Australian Skills Quality Authority

2.14The committee called officers from the Australian Skills Quality Authority and examined the following matters:

Annual registration for training providers;[86] and

Meeting of performance targets.[87]

National Centre for Vocational Education Research

2.15The committee called officers from the National Centre for Vocational Education Research and discussed the following topics:

Engagement with the Minister for Skills and Training;[88]

Engagement with unions;[89] and

Changes in the number of women up taking traineeships.[90]

Education portfolio – Wednesday 5 June 2024

Department of Education

2.16Senator the Hon Anthony Chisholm, Assistant Minister for Education and Assistant Minister for Regional Development, represented the Minister for Education and was joined by Mr Tony Cook PSM, Secretary of the Department of Education.

2.17The committee commenced its examination of the Department of Education by considering topics under corporate and enabling services, cross-portfolio and general matters.

Corporate and Enabling Services, Cross-portfolio, and general matters

2.18The committee discussed the following matters:

Answers to Questions on Notice:

timeliness of answers;[91]

advice provided to agencies on answering questions on notice;[92]

Estimates Manual for answering Senate Estimates Questions on Notice;[93]

Be That Teacher campaign;[94]

Increased staffing profile;[95]

Changes in funding of programs within the Department;[96]

Breaches of the PGPA Act;[97]

Closing the Gap;[98]

Publishing of grant outcomes;[99]

Media/communication campaigns:[100]

total staff in communications team;[101]

boosting of social media posts;[102]

Notifiable data breaches;[103] and

Strengthening the Capability of the Education Portfolio to Deliver Critical Functions budget measure.[104]

Outcome 1: Schools

2.19The committee called officers from the department in relation to Outcome 1: Schools and examined the following topics:

Antisemitism in schools;[105]

Student Wellbeing Boost:[106]

funding delivered to schools with high numbers of Jewish students;[107]

Securing Faith Based Places grants;[108]

Conduct of teachers in schools:[109]

activism in schools;[110]

National School Reform Agreement;[111]

Social cohesion in schools:

Together for Humanity program;[112]

Investigation into Cranbrook School;[113]

Schooling Resource Standard;[114]

Students with a disability:

disability loading settings in schools;[115]

Nationally Consistent Collection of Data on School Students with Disability;[116]

estimated increase in the number of students with a disability;[117]

Utilisation of funds from the Schools Upgrade Fund;[118]

Addressing school refusal;[119]

Better, Safer Future for Central Australia plan;[120]

Teach for Australia;[121]

National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Educational Corporation (NATSIEC);[122]

Consent and Respectful Relationships Education;[123]

Brindabella Christian College:

underpayment of superannuation to teachers;[124]

Australian Schools Anti-bullying Collective funding allocation;[125]

First Nations Teacher Strategy;[126]

$5.3 million to extend the Good to Great Australia pilot program;[127]

Studio Schools funding;[128]

Impact of vaping on student learning;[129]

Commonwealth Teaching Scholarships;[130]

City to Country Partnerships;[131]

Regional Education Commissioner;[132]

Consideration given to incorporating behaviour teaching in the curriculum;[133]

Enrolment projections for Government and non-Government schools;[134] and

Mobile phones in schools.[135]

Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority

2.20The committee called officers from the Australian Curriculum Assessment and Reporting Authority and discussed the following matters:

Staff travel expenditure;[136] and

NAPLAN:

questions included in the tests;[137]

results release date;[138]

changes to standards.[139]

Australian Education Research Organisation

2.21The committee called officers from the Australian Education Research Organisation and examined the following topics:

Evidenced-based teaching in schools;[140]

Role of Head of Philanthropy;[141]

Engagement with the established education research community;[142] and

Explicit instruction.[143]

Department of Education

Outcome 1: Early Childhood and Youth

2.22The committee called officers from the Department of Education in relation to Outcome 1: Early Childhood and Youth and considered the following matters:

Wages for early childhood educators;[144]

Independent review into the Family Legislation Amendment (Cheaper Childcare) Act 2022;[145]

Professional Development Grants;[146]

Child Care Subsidy (CCS) activity test;[147]

Workforce shortages;[148]

Fee increases in childcare;[149]

Enrolments into early childhood education fee free TAFE;[150]

Reliance on migrants in the sector;[151]

Integrity measures announced in the budget;[152]

In Home Care program:

amount of the CCS used;[153]

number of educators;[154]

reviews of the program;[155]

Community Childcare Fund:

Kingston Southeast Early Learning and Childcare services;[156]

Inclusion Support Program;[157]

Large providers reporting their financial information;[158]

Starting Blocks website upgrade;[159]

Wait times to access child care;[160]

Approvals for CCS;[161]

Communication campaign for the CCS changes;[162] and

2022–23 Budget funding for the Office for Youth.[163]

Education portfolio – Thursday 6 June 2024

Department of Education

Outcome 2: Higher Education, Research and International

2.23The committee called officers from the Department of Education in relation to Outcome 2: Higher Education, Research and International and examined the following topics:

Antisemitism on university campuses;[164]

University encampments;[165]

Australian Universities Accord:

racism at universities;[166]

budget support;[167]

progress on implementing recommendations;[168]

changes to the Student Services Amenities Fee;[169]

update on progress on five priority actions from the interim report;[170]

support for students policy;[171]

Freedom of speech on university campuses;[172]

Job-ready Graduates Package:

course fee increases;[173]

status of universities removing the 50 per cent pass rule;[174]

HECS-HELP loans:

changes to indexation;[175]

Commonwealth Prac Payment:

commencement date;[176]

process for deciding on professions to receive the payment;[177]

budget costs;[178]

eligibility;[179]

consultation with the sector;[180]

Upholding of the Racial Discrimination Act 1975 at universities;[181]

Australian Human Rights Commission anti-racism study into universities;[182]

National Higher Education Code to Prevent and Respond to Gender Based Violence;[183]

Letter sent to all higher education providers by the Tertiary Education Quality and Standards Agency;[184]

Investment in research and development;[185]

Education Services for Overseas Students Amendment (Quality and Integrity) Bill 2024 [Provisions]:[186]

impact on jobs in the sector;[187]

Fee-free Uni Ready Courses:

number of enrolments;[188]

budget allocation;[189]

Regional Study Hubs;[190]

National Student Ombudsman:

responsibilities and powers;[191]

cost recovery arrangements;[192]

International Student Visa age limit;[193]

Additional 20,000 Commonwealth supported university places;[194]

Establishment of the Australian Tertiary Education Commission;[195]

Student Services Amenities Fee:

utilisation of the revenue;[196]

Action Plan Addressing Gender-based Violence in Higher Education;[197]

Connections between VET and higher education;[198]

4000 places allocated to the nuclear powered submarine student pathways program;[199]

Micro-credentials;[200]

Higher Education Disability Support Program;[201]

Nixon Review;[202]

Letter from Department of Home Affairs to a number of higher education providers for alleged non-genuine or exploitative recruitment practices;[203] and

Start-up Year program:

up-take of places.[204]

Australian Research Council

2.24The committee called officers from the Australian Research Council and discussed the following matters:

Changes to the dates for grant schemes;[205]

Two-stage process for discovery grants:

differences in scores from college of experts;[206]

Centres of Excellence;[207] and

Research project involving Dr. Randa Abdel-Fattah.[208]

Australian National University

2.25Professor Genevieve Bell, appeared before the committee for the first time in her role as the President and Vice-Chancellor of the Australian National University (ANU). This was also just the second time that the ANU had appeared at an estimates hearing, with its first appearance being in 2014. Professor Bell made a short opening statement reflecting on some of the challenges the university sector is currently facing:

Students of all ages come from all over Australia and from more than a hundred countries around the world to study with us. Our student population is small by Australian university standards, and that allows us to offer a unique learning experience, featuring a low ratio of students to academic staff and the highest proportion of students living on campus accommodation in the sector. Currently, the higher education sector is facing some challenges that I am sure we will discuss today, including a rapidly evolving policy landscape, the impact of slowing migration numbers on universities as well as the encampment protests that have sparked much public debate. Our commitment to the classic ideal of the university—academic rigour, free inquiry, and free expression and the right to protest—is not without its challenges. Our campus is one of several in Australia and many more across the world that have seen protest activity in recent times, reflecting on the conflict in the Middle East. Throughout this period, the ANU has acknowledged the rights enshrined in the university's policies on academic freedom and freedom of speech.[209]

2.26The committee then discussed the following matters:

Management of pro-Palestine encampments on campus:

disciplinary action;[210]

moving of the encampment;[211]

communications to students;[212]

concerns from Jewish students;[213]

increased security;[214]

Investment holdings in weapons manufacturing companies;[215]

Support provided to Palestinian and Jewish students;[216]

Courses and training relating to social cohesion;[217] and

Reporting of islamophobia on campus.[218]

Tertiary Education Quality and Standards Agency

2.27The committee called officers from the Tertiary Education Quality and Standards Agency (TEQSA) and examined the following matters:

Responses to TEQSA's letter sent to all universities in relation to protecting student and staff safety on campus;[219] and

Regulatory role and powers in terms of student safety on campus.[220]

Senator Tony Sheldon

Chair

Footnotes

[1]Committee Hansard, 3 June 2024, pp. 5–6.

[2]Committee Hansard, 3 June 2024, pp. 6–7.

[3]Committee Hansard, 3 June 2024, p. 7.

[4]Committee Hansard, 3 June 2024, pp. 9–12.

[5]Committee Hansard, 3 June 2024, pp. 12–14.

[6]Committee Hansard, 3 June 2024, pp. 15–17.

[7]Committee Hansard, 3 June 2024, pp. 17–18.

[8]Committee Hansard, 3 June 2024, pp. 19–20.

[9]Committee Hansard, 3 June 2024, pp. 20–24.

[10]Committee Hansard, 3 June 2024, pp. 24–26.

[11]Committee Hansard, 3 June 2024, pp. 26–31.

[12]Committee Hansard, 3 June 2024, pp. 33–38.

[13]Committee Hansard, 3 June 2024, pp. 31–33.

[14]Committee Hansard, 3 June 2024, pp. 38–43.

[15]Committee Hansard, 3 June 2024, pp. 43–46, 48–51.

[16]Committee Hansard, 3 June 2024, pp. 46–48.

[17]Committee Hansard, 3 June 2024, pp. 51–54, 57–58.

[18]Committee Hansard, 3 June 2024, pp. 54–56.

[19]Committee Hansard, 3 June 2024, pp. 66, 70–71.

[20]Committee Hansard, 3 June 2024, pp. 66–73, 75–76.

[21]Committee Hansard, 3 June 2024, pp. 73–76.

[22]Committee Hansard, 3 June 2024, pp. 58–59.

[23]Committee Hansard, 3 June 2024, pp. 59–62.

[24]Committee Hansard, 3 June 2024, pp. 62–65.

[25]Committee Hansard, 3 June 2024, pp. 65–66.

[26]Committee Hansard, 3 June 2024, pp. 76–78.

[27]Committee Hansard, 3 June 2024, pp. 78–79, 84.

[28]Committee Hansard, 3 June 2024, pp. 79–84.

[29]Committee Hansard, 3 June 2024, pp. 85–86.

[30]Committee Hansard, 3 June 2024, pp. 86–88.

[31]Committee Hansard, 3 June 2024, pp. 88–91.

[32]Committee Hansard, 3 June 2024, p. 91.

[33]Committee Hansard, 3 June 2024, pp. 94–95.

[34]Committee Hansard, 3 June 2024, pp. 95–98.

[35]Committee Hansard, 3 June 2024, pp. 92–94.

[36]Committee Hansard, 3 June 2024, pp. 98–101.

[37]Committee Hansard, 3 June 2024, pp. 101–103.

[38]Committee Hansard, 3 June 2024, pp. 120–121.

[39]Committee Hansard, 3 June 2024, pp. 103–104.

[40]Committee Hansard, 3 June 2024, pp. 104–105.

[41]Committee Hansard, 3 June 2024, pp. 105–106.

[42]Committee Hansard, 3 June 2024, pp. 106–107, 109–111.

[43]Committee Hansard, 3 June 2024, pp. 112–114.

[44]Committee Hansard, 3 June 2024, pp. 107–109.

[45]Committee Hansard, 3 June 2024, pp. 114–120.

[46]Committee Hansard, 4 June 2024, pp. 5–10, 13–15, 21–25.

[47]Committee Hansard, 4 June 2024, pp. 10–12.

[48]Committee Hansard, 4 June 2024, pp. 12–13.

[49]Committee Hansard, 4 June 2024, pp. 38–40.

[50]Committee Hansard, 4 June 2024, pp. 15–16.

[51]Committee Hansard, 4 June 2024, pp. 16–18.

[52]Committee Hansard, 4 June 2024, pp. 18–21.

[53]Committee Hansard, 4 June 2024, pp. 25–27.

[54]Committee Hansard, 4 June 2024, pp. 27–31.

[55]Committee Hansard, 4 June 2024, pp. 32–34.

[56]Committee Hansard, 4 June 2024, pp. 33–34.

[57]Committee Hansard, 4 June 2024, pp. 34–37.

[58]Committee Hansard, 4 June 2024, pp. 40–44.

[59]Committee Hansard, 4 June 2024, pp. 44–45.

[60]Committee Hansard, 4 June 2024, p. 45.

[61]Committee Hansard, 4 June 2024, pp. 46–52.

[62]Committee Hansard, 4 June 2024, pp. 52–53.

[63]Committee Hansard, 4 June 2024, pp. 53–58.

[64]Committee Hansard, 4 June 2024, p. 58.

[65]Committee Hansard, 4 June 2024, pp. 58–60.

[66]Committee Hansard, 4 June 2024, pp. 60–61.

[67]Committee Hansard, 4 June 2024, pp. 62–65.

[68]Committee Hansard, 4 June 2024, pp. 65–67.

[69]Committee Hansard, 4 June 2024, pp. 65–66.

[70]Committee Hansard, 4 June 2024, pp. 66–67.

[71]Committee Hansard, 4 June 2024, pp. 67–69.

[72]Committee Hansard, 4 June 2024, pp. 71–72.

[73]Committee Hansard, 4 June 2024, pp. 72–73.

[74]Committee Hansard, 4 June 2024, pp. 73–74.

[75]Committee Hansard, 4 June 2024, pp. 74–83, 89, 105–106.

[76]Committee Hansard, 4 June 2024, pp. 83–86.

[77]Committee Hansard, 4 June 2024, pp. 86–89.

[78]Committee Hansard, 4 June 2024, pp. 89–91.

[79]Committee Hansard, 4 June 2024, pp. 91–93.

[80]Committee Hansard, 4 June 2024, pp. 93–96.

[81]Committee Hansard, 4 June 2024, pp. 97–98.

[82]Committee Hansard, 4 June 2024, pp. 98–104.

[83]Committee Hansard, 4 June 2024, p. 104.

[84]Committee Hansard, 4 June 2024, p. 106.

[85]Committee Hansard, 4 June 2024, p. 107–108.

[86]Committee Hansard, 4 June 2024, p. 109.

[87]Committee Hansard, 4 June 2024, pp. 110–111.

[88]Committee Hansard, 4 June 2024, p. 112.

[89]Committee Hansard, 4 June 2024, p. 112.

[90]Committee Hansard, 4 June 2024, p. 113.

[91]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, pp. 4–5.

[92]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, pp. 6–7.

[93]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, pp. 7–10, 12–13, 16–18.

[94]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, pp. 10–11.

[95]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, p. 13.

[96]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, pp. 13–15.

[97]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, p. 15.

[98]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, p. 16.

[99]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, pp. 18–20.

[100]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, pp. 20–21.

[101]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, p. 20.

[102]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, p. 20.

[103]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, pp. 21–22.

[104]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, pp. 22–23.

[105]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, pp. 23–25.

[106]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, pp. 23–26, 55–57.

[107]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, pp. 23–26.

[108]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, pp. 24–25.

[109]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, pp. 26–27.

[110]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, pp. 32–34.

[111]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, pp. 27–31, 85–87.

[112]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, pp. 31–32, 34–35.

[113]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, pp. 35–36.

[114]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, pp. 36–39.

[115]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, pp. 39, 41–43.

[116]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, pp. 40–41, 43.

[117]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, pp. 41–42.

[118]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, pp. 43–47, 63–68.

[119]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, pp. 47–50.

[120]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, pp. 50–53, 57–60.

[121]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, pp. 54–55.

[122]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, pp. 60–61.

[123]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, pp. 61–63, 68–69, 73.

[124]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, pp. 69–70.

[125]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, pp. 70–71.

[126]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, p. 71.

[127]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, pp. 71–73.

[128]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, pp. 73–78.

[129]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, pp. 78–79.

[130]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, pp. 79–80.

[131]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, pp. 80–82.

[132]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, pp. 82–83.

[133]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, pp. 83–85.

[134]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, p. 85.

[135]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, p. 87.

[136]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, pp. 88–90.

[137]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, pp. 90–91.

[138]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, pp. 91–92.

[139]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, pp. 93–94.

[140]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, pp. 95–96.

[141]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, pp. 96–97.

[142]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, pp. 97–98.

[143]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, pp. 98–99.

[144]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, pp. 99, 103–104.

[145]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, pp. 100–101.

[146]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, pp. 101–102, 105.

[147]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, pp. 102–103.

[148]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, pp. 104–105.

[149]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, pp. 105–106.

[150]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, pp. 106–107.

[151]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, pp. 107–110.

[152]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, pp. 110–111.

[153]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, pp. 111–112.

[154]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, p. 112.

[155]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, pp. 112–113.

[156]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, pp. 113–114.

[157]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, p. 115.

[158]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, pp. 115–116, 118.

[159]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, pp. 116–118.

[160]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, p. 119.

[161]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, PP. 119–120.

[162]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, pp. 120–121.

[163]Committee Hansard, 5 June 2024, pp. 122–123.

[164]Committee Hansard, 6 June 2024, pp. 3–7.

[165]Committee Hansard, 6 June 2024, pp. 4–7.

[166]Committee Hansard, 6 June 2024, pp. 8–9.

[167]Committee Hansard, 6 June 2024, pp. 18–19.

[168]Committee Hansard, 6 June 2024, p. 19.

[169]Committee Hansard, 6 June 2024, p. 20.

[170]Committee Hansard, 6 June 2024, pp. 52–53.

[171]Committee Hansard, 6 June 2024, pp. 53–54.

[172]Committee Hansard, 6 June 2024, pp. 9–10, 14.

[173]Committee Hansard, 6 June 2024, pp. 10–11, 31–32.

[174]Committee Hansard, 6 June 2024, p. 53.

[175]Committee Hansard, 6 June 2024, pp. 11–13, 20–21, 26–30, 35–36.

[176]Committee Hansard, 6 June 2024, pp. 13–14, 36–40.

[177]Committee Hansard, 6 June 2024, pp. 30–31, 33–34, 40.

[178]Committee Hansard, 6 June 2024, pp. 36–37.

[179]Committee Hansard, 6 June 2024, pp. 37–38.

[180]Committee Hansard, 6 June 2024, pp. 39–40.

[181]Committee Hansard, 6 June 2024, pp. 14–16.

[182]Committee Hansard, 6 June 2024, pp. 16–18.

[183]Committee Hansard, 6 June 2024, pp. 21–24, 50–51.

[184]Committee Hansard, 6 June 2024, pp. 24–26.

[185]Committee Hansard, 6 June 2024, pp. 32–33.

[186]Committee Hansard, 6 June 2024, pp. 41–44.

[187]Committee Hansard, 6 June 2024, pp. 50–51.

[188]Committee Hansard, 6 June 2024, p. 44.

[189]Committee Hansard, 6 June 2024, pp. 44–46.

[190]Committee Hansard, 6 June 2024, pp. 46–48.

[191]Committee Hansard, 6 June 2024, pp. 48–49.

[192]Committee Hansard, 6 June 2024, pp. 49–50.

[193]Committee Hansard, 6 June 2024, pp. 51–52.

[194]Committee Hansard, 6 June 2024, pp. 54–56.

[195]Committee Hansard, 6 June 2024, pp. 56–57.

[196]Committee Hansard, 6 June 2024, pp. 57–58.

[197]Committee Hansard, 6 June 2024, pp. 58–59.

[198]Committee Hansard, 6 June 2024, pp. 59–60.

[199]Committee Hansard, 6 June 2024, pp. 61–63, 69–71.

[200]Committee Hansard, 6 June 2024, pp. 63–64.

[201]Committee Hansard, 6 June 2024, pp. 64–66.

[202]Committee Hansard, 6 June 2024, p. 66.

[203]Committee Hansard, 6 June 2024, pp. 67–69.

[204]Committee Hansard, 6 June 2024, pp. 71–75.

[205]Committee Hansard, 6 June 2024, pp. 75–76.

[206]Committee Hansard, 6 June 2024, pp. 76–78.

[207]Committee Hansard, 6 June 2024, pp. 78–79.

[208]Committee Hansard, 6 June 2024, pp. 79–81.

[209]Professor Genevieve Bell, Opening Statement, 6 June 2024, [p. 3] (tabled 6 June 2024).

[210]Committee Hansard, 6 June 2024, pp. 82–84, 86, 92.

[211]Committee Hansard, 6 June 2024, pp. 84, 92–95.

[212]Committee Hansard, 6 June 2024, p. 89.

[213]Committee Hansard, 6 June 2024, pp. 90–91, 97–99.

[214]Committee Hansard, 6 June 2024, pp. 86–87, 89.

[215]Committee Hansard, 6 June 2024, pp. 85–88.

[216]Committee Hansard, 6 June 2024, pp. 94, 96.

[217]Committee Hansard, 6 June 2024, pp. 94–95.

[218]Committee Hansard, 6 June 2024, pp. 99–100.

[219]Committee Hansard, 6 June 2024, pp. 100–102.

[220]Committee Hansard, 6 June 2024, pp. 100–105.