Footnotes

CHAPTER 1 - Introduction

[1]        House of Representatives Votes and Proceedings, No. 45, 2 June 2011, pp 602 – 605; Journals of the Senate, No. 33, 16 June 2011, p. 1014 – 1016.

[2]        Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Submission 32, Supplementary, p. 67.

[3]        See Chapter 8 for details.

[4]        DIAC, Submission 32, Supplementary, pp 49–50, 64.

[5]        Mr Noel Clement, Head of Australian Services, Australian Red Cross, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 November 2011, p. 45. The Palmer and Comrie reports are addressed in more detail in Chapter 2.

[6]        DIAC, Submission 32, Supplementary, pp 60–63.

[7]        Life Without Barriers, http://www.lwb.org.au/Services/Refugees/Pages/default.aspx (accessed 1 February 2012). Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Question on Notice 43 (received 10 August 2011).

[8]        DIAC, Submission 32, Immigration Detention Facilities in Australia, p. 4.

[9]        DIAC, Submission 32, Immigration Detention Facilities in Australia, p. 5.

[10]      This report was commission by the Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs, and also included preliminary comments on the Vivian Alvarez matter. Mick Palmer, Inquiry into the Circumstances of the Immigration Detention of Cornelia Rau, July 2005,  http://www.immi.gov.au/media/publications/pdf/palmer-report.pdf (accessed 1 February 2012).

[11]      Detention Health Advisory Group, Submission 41.

[12]      Minister the Hon Chris Bowen MP, Media Release, 9 February 2012 available online: http://www.minister.immi.gov.au/media/cb/2012/cb182434.htm . The Committee received evidence from council when it was called CISSR in 2011. For this reason the Council is called CISSR throughout this report.

[13]      http://www.immi.gov.au/managing-australias-borders/detention/regulations/cissr/ (accessed 1 February 2012).

[14]      DIAC, Question taken on notice, Question 72 (received November 2012).

[15]      These submissions are available on the committee website: http://www.aph.gov.au/Senate/committee/immigration_detention_ctte/immigration_detention/additional_subs/index.htm

CHAPTER 2 - Overview of Australia's immigration detention network

[16]      A detailed history is available in DIAC's submission to this inquiry and in background notes by the Parliamentary Library. See DIAC, Submission 32; Janet Phillips and Harriet Spinks, Immigration detention in Australia, Background Note, Parliamentary Library, 23 January 2012, pp 1–16, http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/download/library/prspub/1311498/upload_binary/1311498.pdf;fileType=application/pdf (accessed 24 January 2012).

[17]      DIAC, Submission 32, Supplementary, p. 23.

[18]      DIAC, Submission 32, Supplementary, p. 197.

[19]      Sections 5, 8, 12 and 14, Migration Legislation Amendment Act 1989 (Cth).

[20]      DIAC, Submission 32, Supplementary, p. 23.

[21]      DIAC, Submission 32, p. 27.

[22]      DIAC, Submission 32, p. 192.

[23]      Migration Amendment (Excision from Migration Zone) Act 2001 (Cth).

[24]      DIAC, Submission 32, Supplementary, p. 193.

[25]      DIAC, Submission 32, p. 46.

[26]      Plaintiff M70/2011 v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship; Plaintiff M106 of 2011 by his litigation guardian, Plaintiff M70/2011 v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2011] HCA 32. A summary of the judgment prepared by the High Court is available online: http://www.hcourt.gov.au/publications/judgment-summaries (accessed 27 February 2012).

[27]      The Hon. Julia Gillard, MP, Prime Minister of Australia and the Hon. Chris Bowen, MP, Immigration Minister, Media release, 13 October 2011, http://www.pm.gov.au/press-office/transcript-joint-press-conference-canberra-17 (accessed 6 March 2012).

[28]      Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission, A last resort? National inquiry into children in immigration detention, April 2004, http://www.hreoc.gov.au/human_rights/children_detention_report/index.html (accessed 10 December 2011).  The Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission has since been renamed the Australian Human Rights Commission.

[29]      DIAC, Submission 32, Supplementary, pp 23–24; Migration Amendment Regulations 2005 (No 2).

[30]      Mr Mick Palmer, Inquiry into the Circumstances of the Immigration Detention of Cornelia Rau: Report, 2005, Australian Government, Canberra.

[31]      Commonwealth Ombudsman, Inquiry into the Circumstances of the Vivian Alvarez Matter, 2005, Australian Government, Canberra, http://www.immi.gov.au/media/publications/pdf/alvarez_report03.pdf (accessed 1 February 2012).

[32]      Commonwealth Ombudsman, Inquiry into the Circumstances of the Vivian Alvarez Matter, 2005, Australian Government, Canberra.

[33]      DIAC, Submission 32, Supplementary, p. 38.

[34]      Ms Elizabeth Proust, Evaluation of the Palmer and Comrie Reform Agenda – including Related Ombudsman Reports, 2008, http://www.immi.gov.au/about/department/perf-progress/evaluation-report/ (accessed 22 February 2012).

[35]      DIAC, Submission 32, Supplementary, p. 60; Detention Health Framework: a policy framework for health care for people in immigration detention, DIAC, November 2007, Foreword and pp 24–25.

[36]      Detention Health Framework: a policy framework for health care for people in immigration detention, DIAC, November 2007, Foreword and pp 24–25.

[37]      DIAC, Submission 32, Supplementary, p. 61.

[38]      DIAC, Submission 32, Supplementary, p. 63.

[39]      DIAC, Submission 32, Supplementary, p. 63.

[40]      Minister for Immigration and Citizenship, Senator the Hon. Chris Evans, "New Directions in Detention–Restoring Integrity to Australia's Immigration System", speech at the Australian National University, Canberra, 29 July 2008; DIAC, Submission 32, Supplementary, 24.

[41]      DIAC, Submission 32, Supplementary, p. 92.

[42]      DIAC, Submission 32, Supplementary, p. 27.

[43]      DIAC, Submission 32, Supplementary, p. 27.

[44]      The Hon. Julia Gillard, MP, Prime Minister of Australia and the Hon. Chris Bowen, MP, Minister for Immigration and Citizenship, Media release, 13 October 2011, available at http://www.pm.gov.au/press-office/transcript-joint-press-conference-canberra-17 (accessed 6 March 2012).

[45]      The Hon. Chris Bowen, MP, Minister for Immigration and Citizenship, Media Release, 25 November 2011, http://www.chrisbowen.net/media-centre/media-releases.do?newsId=5240 (accessed 22 February 2012).

[46]      Material for this section is derived from DIAC, Submission 32, Supplementary, pp 193–194.

[47]      DIAC, Submission 32, Supplementary, p. 193.

[48]      DIAC, Submission 32, Supplementary, p. 193. Pontville Immigration Detention Centre was decommissioned following the transfer of the final group of detainees on 6 March 2012; The Hon. Chris Bowen, MP, Minister for Immigration and Citizenship, Media release, 'Pontville Detention Centre Decommissioned, 6 March 2012.

[49]      DIAC, Submission 32, Supplementary, p. 26.

[50]      DIAC, Submission 32, Supplementary, p. 193.

[51]      DIAC, Submission 32, Supplementary, p. 193

[52]      DIAC, Submission 32, Supplementary, p. 194.

[53]      DIAC, Submission 32, Supplementary, p. 194.

[54]      DIAC, Submission 32, Supplementary, p. 194.

[55]      DIAC, Submission 32, Supplementary, p. 89.

[56]      DIAC, Submission 32, Supplementary, p. 194.

[57]      DIAC, Submission 32, Supplementary, pp 89–90.

[58]      DIAC, Submission 32, Supplementary, p. 194.

[59]      DIAC, Submission 32, Supplementary, p. 194; The Hon. Julia Gillard, MP, Prime Minister of Australia and the Hon. Chris Bowen, MP, Minister for Immigration and Citizenship, ‘Government to move children and vulnerable families into community-based accommodation’, Media release, 18 October 2010.

[60]      DIAC, Submission 32, Supplementary, p. 27.

[61]      The Hon. Julia Gillard, MP, Prime Minister of Australia and the Hon. Chris Bowen, MP, Immigration Minister, Media release, 13 October 2011, http://www.pm.gov.au/press-office/transcript-joint-press-conference-canberra-17 (accessed 6 March 2012).

[62]      DIAC, Submission 32, Supplementary, p. 194. See also, Mr Noel Clement, Head of Australian Services, Australian Red Cross, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 November 2011, pp 44–45.

[63]      DIAC, Submission 32, Supplementary, pp 201–204.

[64]      The Hon. Julia Gillard, MP, Prime Minister of Australia and the Hon. Chris Bowen, MP, Minister for Immigration and Citizenship, ‘Government to move children and vulnerable families into community-based accommodation’, Media release, 18 October 2010.

[65]      The Hon. Chris Bowen, MP, Minister for Immigration and Citizenship, 'Government announces new and expanded immigration detention accommodation', Media Release, 3 March 2011.

[66]      Plaintiff M70/2011 v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship; Plaintiff M106 of 2011 by his litigation guardian, Plaintiff M70/2011 v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2011] HCA 32. A summary of the judgment prepared by the High Court is available online: http://www.hcourt.gov.au/publications/judgment-summaries (accessed 27 February 2012).

[67]      DIAC, Submission 32, Supplementary, p. 93.

[68]      DIAC, answer to question on notice, Q13 (received 10 August 2011).

[69]      DIAC, answer to question on notice, Q42 (received 10 August 2011).

[70]      DIAC, answer to question on notice, Q16 (received 10 August 2011).

[71]      For a detailed discussion, see also Harriet Spinks, Elibritt Karlsen and Nigel Brew, 'Australian Government spending on irregular maritime arrivals and counter-people smuggling activity', Background Note, Parliamentary Library, 6 December 2011.

[72]      DIAC, Immigration Detention Statistics Summary, 31 January 2012, p. 4.

[73]      DIAC, Immigration Detention Statistics Summary, 31 January 2012.

[74]      DIAC, Submission 32, Supplementary, p. 58.

[75]      DIAC, Submission 32, Supplementary, p. 58.

[76]      Mr John Moorhouse, Deputy Secretary, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 29 February 2012, p. 24.

[77]      Serco, Submission 42, p. 18.

[78]      DIAC, Submission 32, Supplementary, pp 12, 207.

[79]      DIAC, Submission 32, Supplementary, p. 11.

[80]      DIAC, Submission 32, Supplementary, p. 11.

[81]      Mr Ken Douglas, First Assistant Secretary, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 December 2011, p. 59.

[82]      Mr John Moorhouse, Deputy Secretary, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 December 2011, p. 59.

[83]      Mr John Moorhouse, Deputy Secretary, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 December 2011, p. 58.

[84]      Mr Andrew Metcalfe, Secretary, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 29 February 2012, p. 42; see also Mr Greg Kelly, First Assistant Secretary, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 26 September 2011, p. 58.

[85]      DIAC, Submission 32, Supplementary, p. 77.

[86]      DIAC, Submission 32, Supplementary, pp 83–84.

[87]      DIAC, Submission 32, Supplementary, p. 80.

[88]      DIAC, Submission 32, Supplementary, p. 84.

[89]      DIAC, Submission 32, Supplementary, p. 74.

[90]      DIAC, Submission 32, Supplementary, p. 74.

[91]      DIAC, Submission 32, Supplementary, p. 83.

[92]      International Health and Medical Services, Submission 95, p. 5.

[93]      DIAC, Submission 32, Evolution of the Australian Legislative Framework and Policy for Immigration Detention, p. 6.

[94]      DIAC, Submission 32, p. 61.

[95]      M61/2010E and M69/2010 v Commonwealth of Australia & Ors [2010] HCA 41. A judgment summary prepared by the High Court is available online: http://www.hcourt.gov.au/publications/judgment-summaries (accessed 27 February 2012).

[96]      Professor John McMillan AO, Regulating Migration Litigation after Plaintiff M61, 2011, http://www.immi.gov.au/media/publications/pdf/2011/mcmillan-review-regulating-migration-litigation.pdf (accessed 2 February 2012), p. 3.

[97]      Australian Human Rights Commission, 2011 Immigration Detention at Curtin, pp 24­–25, http://www.hreoc.gov.au/human_rights/immigration/idc2011_curtin.html. See also DIAC's response, http://www.hreoc.gov.au/human_rights/immigration/idc2011_curtin_response.html.

[98]      DIAC, Submission 32, p. 79.

[99]      DIAC, Submission 32, p. 79.

[100]    DIAC, Submission 32, p. 79.

[101]    Ms Cheryl Clay, Regional Manager, Serco, Proof Committee Hansard, 15 November 2011, pp 69–70.

[102]    Mr Steve Johnson, Director, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 15 November 2011, p. 69.

[103]    Mr Chris Manning, Managing Director, Serco, Proof Committee Hansard, 15 November 2011, p. 70.

[104]    DIAC, Submission 32, p. 59.

[105]    DIAC, Submission 32, p. 59; Serco, Submission 42, pp 15­–16.

[106]    DIAC, Submission 32, p. 93.

[107]    DIAC, Serco Visitor Application Form, http://www.immi.gov.au/managing-australias-borders/detention/_pdf/idc-visitor-application-form.pdf (accessed 2 February 2012). The processes are similar for visits to Immigration Residential Housing and Immigration Transit Accommodation: http://www.immi.gov.au/managing-australias-borders/detention/visiting/visiting.htm (accessed 2 February 2012).

[108]    Mr Rohan Thwaites, Darwin Asylum Seekers Support and Advocacy Network, Proof Committee Hansard, 26 September 2011, p. 2. See also Chapter 3.

[109]    Commonwealth Ombudsman, Submission 131.

[110]    Commonwealth Ombudsman, Submission 131, p. 6.

[111]    Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission 112.

[112]    See for example, Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission 112, attachments 1–4.

[113]    Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission 112, pp 4–6.

[114]    Investigation Report on National Detention Facilities, available online: http://www.comcare.gov.au/about_us/freedom_of_information/disclosure_log/foi_requested_documents/report_from_investigation_eve00205473 (accessed 1 November 2011).

[115]    Comcare, 'Comcare Work Health and Safety Investigation: Immigration Detention Facilities', Media release, 10 August 2011. http://www.comcare.gov.au/about_us/freedom_of_information 

[116]    Proof Committee Hansard, 22 November 2011, p. 42.

[117]    DIAC, Submission 32, p. 76.

[118]    DIAC, Submission 32, p. 77.

[119]    Mr Ken Douglas, First Assistant Secretary, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 15 November 2012, p. 68.

[120]    Auditor General Act 1997 (Cth).

[121]    Australian National Audit Office, Audits in Progress, http://anao.gov.au/Publications/Audits-in-Progress/2012/Spring/Provision-of-Individual-Management-Services-to-People-in-Immigration-Detention (accessed 14 March 2012).

[122]    Australian National Audit Office, Audits in Progress, www.anao.gov.au/Publications/Audits-in-Progress?page3 (accessed 14 March 2012).

[123]    Dr Allan Hawke AO and Ms Helen Williams AM, Independent Review of the Incidents at the Christmas Island Immigration Detention Centre and Villawood Immigration Detention Centre, 31 August 2011, pp 17–18, http://www.immi.gov.au/media/publications/pdf/2011/independent-review-incidents-christmas-island-villawood-full.pdf (accessed 1 February 2012).

[124]    Mr David Richmond AO, Review of Humanitarian Settlement Services: Performance Measures and Contract Management, September 2011, http://www.immi.gov.au/living-in-australia/settle-in-australia/find-help/hss/review-of-hss-richmond.pdf (accessed 1 February 2012).

[125]    Mr David Richmond AO, Review of Humanitarian Settlement Services: Performance Measures and Contract Management, September 2011, p. 8.

[126]    Mr David Richmond AO, Review of Humanitarian Settlement Services: Performance Measures and Contract Management, September 2011, p. 10.

[127]    Mr David Richmond AO, Review of Humanitarian Settlement Services: Performance Measures and Contract Management, September 2011, p. 27

[128]    Findings in the inquests into the deaths of Josefa Rauluni, Ahmed Obeid Al-Akabi and David Saunders, New South Wales Coroner, 19 December 2011, p. 10, http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Coroners_Court/ll_coroners.nsf/vwFiles/VillawoodFindings-redacted.pdf/$file/VillawoodFindings-redacted.pdf (accessed 1 March 2012).

[129]    Findings in the inquests into the deaths of Josefa Rauluni, Ahmed Obeid Al-Akabi and David Saunders, New South Wales Coroner, 19 December 2011, p. 11.

[130]    Findings in the inquests into the deaths of Josefa Rauluni, Ahmed Obeid Al-Akabi and David Saunders, NSW Coroner, 19 December 2011, p. 11.

[131]    Findings in the inquests into the deaths of Josefa Rauluni, Ahmed Obeid Al-Akabi and David Saunders, NSW Coroner, 19 December 2011, p. 16.

[132]    Findings in the inquests into the deaths of Josefa Rauluni, Ahmed Obeid Al-Akabi and David Saunders, NSW Coroner, 19 December 2011, p. 16.

[133]     Mr Andrew Metcalfe, Secretary, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 29 February 2012, p. 23.

CHAPTER 3 - The Department's administration of its contract with Serco

[134]    Subcontracted to Australasian Correctional Management Pty Ltd

[135]    Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Submission 32, p. 16.

[136]    Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Submission 32, Supplementary, p. 195.

[137]    Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Submission 32, Supplementary, p. 195.

[138]    Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Submission 32, Supplementary, p. 195.

[139]    Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Submission 32, Supplementary, p. 195.

[140]    The Department released the contract to the committee on the same day that it was released under the Freedom of Information Act 1982 to a third party applicant; DIAC, answer to question on notice, Q34 (received 2 September 2011).

[141]    Mr Ken Douglas, First Assistant Secretary, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 29 February 2012, p. 36. See Chapter 8.

[142]    Serco, Submission 42, p. 12. These facilities were Maribyrnong (Melbourne, VIC), Northern (Darwin, NT), Villawood (Sydney, NSW), Perth (WA) and Northwest Point (Christmas Island) IDCs and Phosphate Hill and Construction Camp APODs (Christmas Island).

[143]    Serco, Submission 42, p. 12. These facilities were Lilac/Aqua IDC (Christmas Island); Adelaide APOD (West Richmond, SA); Asti Motel APOD (Darwin, NT); Virginia Palms Motel APOD (Boondall, Qld); Leonora Lodge and Gwalia Lodge LTAPODs (Leonora, WA); Darwin Airport Lodge LTAPOD (Darwin, NT); Pontville IDC (Hobart, Tas); Yongah Hill IDC (Northam, WA); Wickham Point IDC (Darwin, NT); Curtin IDC (Derby, WA); and Scherger IDC (Weipa, Qld).

[144]    Serco, Submission 42, p. 18.

[145]    Mr John Moorhouse, Deputy Secretary, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 December 2011, p. 31.

[146]    Mr Ken Douglas, First Assistant Secretary, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 December 2011, p. 36.

[147]    See, for example, the reports in relation to immigration detention on the Australian Human Rights Commission's website, http://www.hreoc.gov.au/human_rights/immigration/index.html (accessed 27 February 2012) and the Commonwealth Ombudsman's website, http://www.ombudsman.gov.au/reports/immigration-detention-review/ (accessed 27 February 2012).

[148]    Serco, Submission 42, Attachment 4.

[149]    Serco, Submission 42, p. 21

[150]    Serco, Submission 42, p. 21; see also Attachment 5.

[151]    DIAC, Submission 32, Supplementary, p. 65.

[152]    Dr Allan Hawke AO and Ms Helen Williams AM, Independent Review of the Incidents at the Christmas Island Immigration Detention Centre and Villawood Immigration Detention Centre, 31 August 2011, p. 9, www.immi.gov.au/media/publications/pdf/2011/independent-review-incidents-christmas-island-villawood-full.pdf (accessed 1 February 2012).

[153]    Serco, Submission 42, p. 22

[154]    Mr Steve Johnson, Director, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 15 November 2011, p. 63

[155]    DIAC, answer to question on notice, Q226 (received 22 March 2012).

[156]    Australian National Audit Office, Audits in Progress, http://anao.gov.au/Publications/Audits-in-Progress/2012/Spring/Provision-of-Individual-Management-Services-to-People-in-Immigration-Detention (accessed 14 March 2012). See also Chapter 2.

[157]    Immigration Detention Centre Contract, Schedule 2, Section 2.2.1, Clause 1.10.

[158]    Mr Chris Manning, Managing Director, Serco, Proof Committee Hansard, 15 November 2011, pp 70–71.

[159]    Dr Allan Hawke AC and Ms Helen Williams AO, Independent Review of the Incidents at Christmas Island Immigration Detention Centre and Villawood Immigration Detention Centre, 31 August 2011, pp 136–137.

[160]    Dr Allan Hawke AC and Ms Helen Williams AO, Independent Review of the Incidents at Christmas Island Immigration Detention Centre and Villawood Immigration Detention Centre, 31 August 2011, p. 137.

[161]    DIAC, answer to question taken on notice, Q 72 (received 2 December 2011).

[162]    DIAC, answer to question taken on notice, Q 72, (received 2 December 2011), CISSR Minutes, June 2011, p. 21

[163]    DIAC, answer to question taken on notice, Q 72, (received 2 December 2011), CISSR Minutes, June 2011, p. 21

[164]    Dr Allan Hawke AC and Ms Helen Williams AO, Independent Review of the Incidents at Christmas Island Immigration Detention Centre and Villawood Immigration Detention Centre, 31 August 2011, p. 136.

[165]    Australian Human Rights Commission, Immigration detention at Curtin, 2011, http://www.hreoc.gov.au/human_rights/immigration/idc2011_curtin.html (accessed 15 February 2012).

[166]    Mr Ken Douglas, First Assistant Secretary, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 29 February 2012, p. 36.

[167]    Minister's Response, Independent Review of the Incidents at the Christmas Island Immigration Detention Centre and Villawood Immigration Detention Centre, November 2011, http://www.immi.gov.au/media/publications/pdf/2011/response-independent-review-incidents-christmas-island-and-villawood-full.pdf (accessed 16 February 2012), p. 13.

[168]    Committee site visit, Northern Immigration Detention Centre, 27 September 2011.

[169]    Mr Greg Kelly, First Assistant Secretary, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 5 October 2011, p. 105.

[170]    Immigration Detention Centre Contract, Clause 23.

[171]    Serco, Submission 42, p. 11.

[172]    Serco, Submission 42, p. 11.

[173]    Ms Kaye Elizabeth Bernard, National Secretary, Union of Christmas Island Workers, Proof Committee Hansard, 6 September 2011, p. 18.

[174]    United Voice, Submission 55, p. 10.

[175]    United Voice, Submission 55, p. 10.

[176]    Mr Chris Manning, Managing Director, Serco, Proof Committee Hansard, 26 September 2011, p. 80.

[177]    DIAC, answer to question on notice, Q21 (received 16 August 2011). A sample of incident reports was subsequently provided in camera to the Committee.

[178]    Mr John Moorhouse, Deputy Secretary, DIAC Proof Committee Hansard, 9 December 2011, p. 36.

[179]    Ms Kaye Elizabeth Bernard, National Secretary, Union of Christmas Island Workers, Proof Committee Hansard, 6 September 2011, p. 11.

[180]    Mr David McElrea, National Office Director, United Voice, Proof Committee Hansard, 5 October 2011, p. 47.

[181]    Mr John Moorhouse, Deputy Secretary, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 December 2011, p. 26.

[182]    Mr John Moorhouse, Deputy Secretary, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 December 2011, p. 31.

[183]    Mr John Moorhouse, Deputy Secretary, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 December 2011, pp 26–27.

[184]    Mr Ken Douglas, First Assistant Secretary, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 December 2011, p. 32.

[185]    Mr Peter McIntosh, Director of Operations, Serco, Proof Committee Hansard, 15 November 2011, p. 47.

[186]    Mr Chris Manning, Managing Director, Serco, Proof Committee Hansard, 15 November 2011, p. 48.

[187]    Comcare, Investigation Report on National Detention Facilities, p. 4, http://www.comcare.gov.au/about_us/freedom_of_information/disclosure_log/foi_requested_documents/report_from_investigation_eve00205473 (accessed 1 November 2011).

[188]    Comcare, Investigation Report on National Detention Facilities, p. 5. See also Chapter 2.

[189]    Dr Allan Hawke AO and Ms Helen Williams AM, Independent Review of the Incidents at the Christmas Island Immigration Detention Centre and Villawood Immigration Detention Centre, 31 August 2011, Recommendation 37. See also Chapter 8.

[190]    Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Submission 32, p. 84. See also the Immigration Detention Centre Contract, Clause 56 (pp 66–67) and Schedule 2 (Statement of Work).

[191]    Immigration Detention Centre Contract, Part 14, Clause 56.

[192]    Ms Kaye Elizabeth Bernard, National Secretary, Union of Christmas Island Workers, Proof Committee Hansard, 6 September 2011, p. 11.

[193]    Mr John Couttie, Deputy Regional Manager, Serco, Proof Committee Hansard, 6 September 2011, p. 82.

[194]    Comcare, Investigation Report on National Detention Facilities, p. 12. See also Chapter 2.

[195]    Commonwealth Ombudsman, Submission 13, p. 17.

[196]    Commonwealth Ombudsman, Submission 13, p. 17.

[197]    Commonwealth Ombudsman, Submission 13, p. 17.

[198]    Immigration Detention Centre Contract, Clause 21.2.

[199]    Immigration Detention Centre Contract, Schedule 2, Section 2.2.3, Annexure A, Clause 1.5.

[200]    Serco, Submission 42, p. 19; Attachment 1.

[201]    Comcare, Investigation Report on National Detention Facilities, p. 4. Available online: http://www.comcare.gov.au/about_us/freedom_of_information/disclosure_log/foi_requested_documents/report_from_investigation_eve00205473 (accessed 1 November 2011). Comcare made the same observation about DIAC staff.

[202]    Mr Chris Manning, Managing Director, Proof Committee Hansard, 5 October 2011, p. 82.

[203]    Ms Kaye Elizabeth Bernard, National Secretary, Union of Christmas Island Workers, Proof Committee Hansard, 6 September 2011, p. 14.

[204]    Ms Kaye Elizabeth Bernard, National Secretary, Union of Christmas Island Workers, Proof Committee Hansard, 6 September 2011, p. 14.

[205]    Ms Kaye Elizabeth Bernard, National Secretary, Union of Christmas Island Workers, Proof Committee Hansard, 6 September 2011, p. 14.

[206]    United Voice, Submission 55, p. 15.

[207]    United Voice, Submission 55, pp 16–17.

[208]    United Voice, Submission 55, p. 17.

[209]    Mr David McElrea, National Office Director, United Voice, Committee Hansard, 5 October 2011, p. 49.

[210]    Dr Allan Hawke AO and Ms Helen Williams AM, Independent Review of the Incidents at the Christmas Island Immigration Detention Centre and Villawood Immigration Detention Centre, 31 August 2011, p. 10.

[211]    DIAC, answer to question on notice, Q193 (received 2 December 2011). DIAC advised that 1800 staff received PSP Training in 2010.

[212]    Mr John Moorhouse, Deputy Secretary, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 December 2011, p. 36.

[213]    Serco, response to question on notice, Q54 (received 17 November 2011).

[214]    Mr Stephen Reynolds, Regional Manager Victoria, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 November 2011, p. 57.

[215]    Name withheld, Submission 154, p. 5. The policies and procedures for this process have changed and are no longer called SASH Watch.

[216]    Dr Dick Hooper, Regional Managing Director, IHMS, Committee Hansard, 5 October 2011, p. 66.

[217]    Mr Peter McIntosh, Director of Operations, Serco, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 November 2011, p. 47; Serco, response to question on notice, Q54 (received 17 November 2011).

[218]    Mr Peter McIntosh, Director of Operations, Serco, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 November 2011, p. 47.

[219]    Serco, answer to question on notice, Q15 (received 29 February 2012). The qualifications and experience include: BA(Hons) in Social Sciences, qualifications in probation and social work, accredited teacher for Social Work/Probation studies, MBA and was awarded an OBE for services to criminal justice.

[220]    Mr Chris Manning, Managing Director, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 November 2011, p. 49.

[221]    See Professor Louise Newman, Chair, Detention Health Advisory Group, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 November 2011, p. 5.

[222]    Professor Louise Newman, Chair, Detention Health Advisory Group, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 November 2011, p. 5.

[223]    Professor Louise Newman, Chair, Detention Health Advisory Group, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 November 2011, p. 5.

[224]    Professor Louise Newman, Chair, Detention Health Advisory Group, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 November 2011, p. 9.

[225]    Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission 112, p. 31.

[226]    Mr John Moorhouse, Deputy Secretary, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 29 February 2012, p. 35.

[227]    DIAC, Submission 32, Supplementary, p. 63.

[228]    Support for Serco officers is also discussed in Chapter 5.

[229]    Ms Kaye Elizabeth Bernard, National Secretary, Union of Christmas Island Workers, Proof Committee Hansard, 6 September 2011, p. 14.

[230]    Mr David McElrea, National Director, United Voice, Committee Hansard, 5 October 2011, p. 49.

[231]    Mr David McElrea, National Director, United Voice, Committee Hansard, 5 October 2011, p. 49.

[232]    DIAC, answer to question on notice, Q24 (received 15 August 2011).

[233]    Serco, Submission 42, p. 20

[234]    Mr Chris Manning, Managing Director, Serco, Proof Committee Hansard, 15 November 2011, p. 49.

[235]    Mr Chris Manning, Managing Director, Serco, Proof Committee Hansard, 15 November 2011, p. 49.

[236]    Mr Chris Manning, Managing Director, Serco, Proof Committee Hansard, 15 November 2011, p. 71.

[237]    Mr John Moorhouse, Deputy Secretary, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 December 2011, pp 25–26.

[238]    Mr John Moorhouse, Deputy Secretary, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 December 2011, p. 33.

[239]    Australian Human Rights Commission, Immigration Detention at Curtin, 2011, p. 35.

[240]    Mr David McElrea, National Office Director, United Voice, Proof Committee Hansard, 5 October 2011, p. 49.

[241]    DIAC, answer to question taken on notice, Q193 (received 15 August 2011).

[242]    Mr Peter McIntosh, Serco Immigration Services, Proof Committee Hansard, 5 October 2011, p. 81.

[243]    Serco, answer to question on notice, Q58–Q60 (received 17 November 2011).

[244]    Professor Louise Newman, Chair, Detention Health Advisory Group, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 November 2011, p. 8.

[245]    Mr Chris Manning, 15 November 2011, Proof Committee Hansard, pp. 46–47. See also the Serco Secondary Dispensing of Medication Policy, Serco, answer to question on notice, Q54 (received 17 November 2011).

[246]    Mr Chris Manning, Managing Director, Serco, 15 November 2011, Proof Committee Hansard, p. 47.

[247]    Serco, Submission 42, p. 13.

[248]    Serco, Submission 42, p. 13; Detention Services Contract: Immigration Detention Centres, Schedule 2: Statement of Work, p. 3.

[249]    Serco, Submission 42, p. 37.

[250]    Serco, Submission 42, p. 37.

[251]    Serco, Submission 42, p. 37.

[252]    See Chapter 8.

[253]    Mr Greg Kelly, First Assistant Secretary, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 December 2012, p. 29.

[254]    Ms Justine Davis, Member, Darwin Asylum Seekers Support and Advocacy Network, Proof Committee Hansard, 26 September 2011, p. 3.

[255]    Ms Lesley Walker, Member, Adelaide Hills Circle of Friends, Proof Committee Hansard, 15 November 2011, p. 24.

[256]    Ms Lesley Walker, Member, Adelaide Hills Circle of Friends, Proof Committee Hansard, 15 November 2011, p. 25.

[257]    Ms Lesley Walker, Member, Adelaide Hills Circle of Friends, Proof Committee Hansard, 15 November 2011, p. 28.

[258]    Ms Lesley Walker, Member, Adelaide Hills Circle of Friends, Proof Committee Hansard, 15 November 2011, p. 51.

[259]    Mr Peter McIntosh, Director of Operations, Serco, Proof Committee Hansard, 15 November 2011, p. 52. See also Serco, question taken on notice, Q1 and Q2 (received February 2012).

[260]    Dr Allan Hawke AO and Ms Helen Williams AM, Independent Review of the Incidents at the Christmas Island Immigration Detention Centre and Villawood Immigration Detention Centre, 31 August 2011, p. 148.

[261]    Dr Allan Hawke AO and Ms Helen Williams AM, Independent Review of the Incidents at the Christmas Island Immigration Detention Centre and Villawood Immigration Detention Centre, 31 August 2011, p. 156.

[262]    Mr Andrew Metcalfe, Secretary, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 December 2011, p. 34.

[263]    Mr John Moorhouse, Deputy Secretary, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 December 2011, p. 34.

[264]    Mr John Moorhouse, Deputy Secretary, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 December 2011, p. 36.

[265]    Mr Andrew Metcalfe, Secretary, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 December 2011, p. 34.

[266]    Mr John Moorhouse, Deputy Secretary, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 December 2011, pp 36–37.

[267]    DIAC, response to question on notice, Q103 (received 21 November 2011).

[268]    See Chapter 2.

CHAPTER 4 - Provision of health services to people in detention

[269]    Discussion on health in detention was drawn from DIAC, Submission 32, Supplementary, and from the Detention Health Framework. The Framework can be accessed at www.immi.gov.au/managing-australias-borders/detention/services/detention-health-framework.pdf

[270]    DIAC, Detention Health Framework, 2007.

[271]    DIAC, Submission 32, p. 60.

[272]    DIAC, Submission 32, p. 60.

[273]    Professor Louise Newman, Chair, Detention Health Advisory Group, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 November 2011, p. 1.

[274]    Professor Louise Newman, Chair, Detention Health Advisory Group, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 November 2011, p. 1.

[275]    Professor Louise Newman, Chair, Detention Health Advisory Group, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 November 2011, p. 9.

[276]    Health Services Contract 2009. Question on Notice.

[277]    Mr Ken Douglas, First Assistant Secretary, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 16 August 2011, p. 28

[278]    DIAC, answer to question on notice, Q296 (received 15 March 2012).

[279]    DIAC, answer to question on notice, Q296 (received 15 March 2012).

[280]    DIAC, Submission 32, Supplementary, p. 61.

[281]    IHMS, Submission 95, p. 4.

[282]    Professor Louise Newman, Chair, Detention Health Advisory Group, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 November 2011, p. 6.

[283]    Professor Louise Newman, Chair, Detention Health Advisory Group, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 November 2011, p. 2.

[284]    Professor Louise Newman, Chair, Detention Health Advisory Group, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 November 2011, p. 2.

[285]    DIAC, Submission 32, Supplementary, p. 60.

[286]    DIAC, Submission 32, Supplementary, p. 60.

[287]    Professor Louise Newman, Chair, Detention Health Advisory Group, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 November 2011, p. 2.

[288]    Professor Louise Newman, Chair, Detention Health Advisory Group, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 November 2011, p. 4.

[289]    DIAC, Submission 32, Supplementary, p. 62.

[290]    Mr John Moorhouse, Deputy Secretary, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 December 2011, pp 38–39.

[291]    Ms Helen Lonergan, Director of Nursing, International Health and Medical Services, Proof Committee Hansard, 7 September 2011, p. 11.

[292]    Mr Ian Gilbert, General Manager, International Health and Medical Services, Committee Hansard, 5 October 2011, p. 60.

[293]    Mr Ian Gilbert, General Manager, International Health and Medical Services, Proof Committee Hansard, 5 October 2011, p. 60.

[294]    Mr Ian Gilbert, General Manager, International Health and Medical Services, Committee Hansard, 5 October 2011, p. 60.

[295]    Findings in the inquests into the deaths of Josefa Rauluni, Ahmed Obeid Al-Akabi and David Saunders, New South Wales Coroner, 19 December 2011, pp 2–5, 11.

[296]    Australian Human Rights Commission, Immigration Detention at Villawood, 2011, http://www.hreoc.gov.au/human_rights/immigration/idc2011_villawood.html (accessed 5 March 2012).

[297]    DIAC, Submission 32, Supplementary, p. 62.

[298]    The impact of detention is discussed in Chapter 5.

[299]    Darwin Asylum Seekers Support and Advocacy Network, Submission 51.

[300]    Ms Helen Lonergan, Director of Nursing, International Health and Medical Services, Proof Committee Hansard, 7 September 2011, p. 7.

[301]    Ms Helen Lonergan, Director of Nursing, International Health and Medical Services, Proof Committee Hansard, 7 September 2011, p. 7.

[302]    Ms Bec Smith, Operations Manager, Operations Manager, Derby Health Service, Proof Committee Hansard, 7 September 2011, p. 1.

[303]    Ms Catherine Branson QC, President, Australian Human Rights Commission, Committee Hansard, 5 October 2011, p. 55.

[304]    Dr Dick Hooper, Regional Managing Director, International Health and Medical Services, Committee Hansard, 5 October 2011, p. 65.

[305]    Dr Clayton Spencer, Medical Director, International Health and Medical Services, Proof Committee Hansard, 6 September 2011, p. 49.

[306]    Ms Catherine Branson QC, Australian Human Rights Commissioner, Committee Hansard, 5 October 2011, p. 55; Findings in the inquests into the deaths of Josefa Rauluni, Ahmed Obeid Al-Akabi and David Saunders, NSW Coroner, 19 December 2011, p. 12.

[307]    Dr Dick Hooper, Regional Managing Director, International Health and Medical Services, Committee Hansard, 5 October 2011, p. 61.

[308]    Dr Dick Hooper, Regional Managing Director, International Health and Medical Services, Committee Hansard, 5 October 2011, p. 61.

[309]    International Health and Medical Services, Additional Information (received 4 November 2011).

[310]    International Health and Medical Services, Additional Information (received 4 November 2011).

[311]    This is funded as a temporary amendment to the Health Services Contract. DIAC, answer to question taken on notice, Q296 (received 15 March 2012).

[312]    Name withheld, Submission 154, p. 1.

[313]    Name Withheld, Submission 154, pp 2–3.

[314]    International Health and Medical Services, Response to Submission 154, p. 3.

[315]    Name Withheld, Submission 154, p. 7.

[316]    International Health and Medical Services, Response to Submission 154, p. 3.

[317]    Name Withheld, Submission 154, p. 3.

[318]    International Health and Medical Services, Response to Submission 154, p. 3.

[319]    Professor Louise Newman, Chair, Detention Health Advisory Group, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 November 2011, p. 2.

[320]    Name Withheld, Submission 154, p. 4.

[321]    Name Withheld, Submission 154, p. 4.

[322]    International Health and Medical Services, Response to Submission 154, pp 4–5.

[323]    Name Withheld, Submission 154, p. 6.

[324]    International Health and Medical Services, Response to Submission 154, p. 4.

[325]    International Health and Medical Services, Response to Submission 154, p. 5.

[326]    DIAC, Submission 32, Supplementary, p. 62.

[327]    Ms Catherine Branson QC, President, Australian Human Rights Commission, Proof Committee Hansard, 5 October 2011, p. 55.

[328]    Detention Health Advisory Group, Submission 41, p. 3

[329]    Detention Health Advisory Group, Submission 41, p. 3

[330]    Ms Helen Lonergan, Director of Nursing, International Health and Medical Services, Proof Committee Hansard, 7 September 2011, p. 7.

[331]    Mr Greg Kelly, First Assistant Secretary, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 7 September 2011, p. 12.

[332]    Ms Helen Lonergan, Director of Nursing, International Health and Medical Services, Proof Committee Hansard, 7 September 2011, p. 7.

[333]    DIAC, Submission 32, p. 79.

[334]    DIAC, Submission 32, p. 79.

[335]    Ms Helen Chalmers, Chief Operating Officer, Country Health South Australia, Proof Committee Hansard, 15 November 2011, p. 15.

[336]    Ms Helen Chalmers, Chief Operating Officer, Country Health South Australia, Proof Committee Hansard, 15 November 2011, p. 16.

[337]    Dr Julie Graham, Director, Public Health and Medicine, Indian Ocean Territories Health Service, Proof Committee Hansard, 6 September 2011, p. 47.

[338]    Dr Julie Graham, Director, Public Health and Medicine, Indian Ocean Territories Health Service, 6 September 2011, p. 46.

[339]    Dr Julie Graham, Director, Public Health and Medicine, Indian Ocean Territories Health Service, 6 September 2011, p. 49.

[340]    Dr Julie Graham, Director, Public Health and Medicine, Indian Ocean Territories Health Service, 6 September 2011, p. 49.

[341]    Dr Julie Graham, Director, Public Health and Medicine, Indian Ocean Territories Health Service, 6 September 2011, p. 53.

[342]    Dr Julie Graham, Director, Public Health and Medicine, Indian Ocean Territories Health Service, 6 September 2011, p. 54.

[343]    Dr Julie Graham, Director, Public Health and Medicine, Indian Ocean Territories Health Service, 6 September 2011, p. 54.

[344]    Ms Bec Smith, Operations Manager, Derby Health Service, Proof Committee Hansard, 7 September 2011, p. 1.

[345]    Ms Bec Smith, Operations Manager, Derby Health Service, Proof Committee Hansard, 7 September 2011, p. 1.

[346]    Ms Bec Smith, Operations Manager, Derby Health Service, Proof Committee Hansard, 7 September 2011, p. 1.

[347]    Ms Bec Smith, Operations Manager, Derby Health Service, Proof Committee Hansard, 7 September 2011, p. 1.

[348]    Ms Bec Smith, Operations Manager, Derby Health Service, Proof Committee Hansard, 7 September 2011, p. 2.

[349]    International Health and Medical Services, Submission 95, p. 3.

[350]    International Health and Medical Services, Submission 95, p. 3.

[351]    Ms Helen Lonergan, Director of Nursing, International Health and Medical Services, Proof Committee Hansard, 7 September 2011, p. 11.

[352]    DIAC, answer to question take on notice, Q106 (received 17 November 2011).

[353]    DIAC, answer to question take on notice, Q106 (received 17 November 2011).

[354]    DIAC, Question on Notice, 29 February 2012 (received 15 March 2012).

[355]    Professor Louise Newman, Chair, DeHAG, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 November 2011, p. 2.

  - The impact of detention

[356]    The Forum of Australian Services for Survivors of Torture and Trauma, Submission 45, p. 2.

[357]    Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Submission 32, Supplementary, p. 62.

[358]    International Detention Coalition, Submission 69, p. 4.

[359]    Suicide Prevention Australia, Submission 67, p. 33.

[360]    The Australian Psychological Society, Submission 108, p. 7.

[361]    Refugee Advice and Casework Service, Submission 28, p. 4.

[362]    Refugee Advice and Casework Service, Submission 28, p. 4.

[363]    United Voice, Submission 55, p. 22.

[364]    United Voice, Submission 55, p. 22.

[365]    DIAC, Question on Notice 41 (received 16 August 2011), p. 2.

[366]    Council for Immigration Services and Status Resolution 9^th General Meeting minutes, p. 3, Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Question on Notice 72 (received 2 December 2011).

[367]    Dr Bruce Gynther, Proof Committee Hansard, 2 December 2011, p. 2.

[368]    Dr Bruce Gynther, Proof Committee Hansard, 2 December 2011, p. 3.

[369]    To date, coronial inquests have found the cause of death in three of the nine deaths to be suicide. Inquests for the other six deaths are ongoing. See DIAC, Question on Notice 297, p. 1. See also Findings in the inquests into the deaths of Josefa Rauluni, Ahmed Obeid Al-Akabi and David Saunders, New South Wales Coroner, 19 December 2011; Chapter 2.

[370]    DIAC, Question on Notice 297 (received 15 March 2012), p. 1.

[371]    Average processing times are available in Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Question on Notice 8 (received 16 August 2011).

[372]    Dr Bruce Gynther, Submission152, p. 2.

[373]    Ms Pamela Curr, Campaign Coordinator, Asylum Seeker Resource Centre, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 November 2011, p. 18.

[374]    Mr John Moorhouse, Deputy Secretary, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 29 February 2012, p. 34.

[375]    Dr Bruce Gynther, Proof Committee Hansard, 2 December 2011, p. 2.

[376]    Dr Bruce Gynther, Proof Committee Hansard, 2 December 2011, p. 7.

[377]    Dr Jon Jureidini, Proof Committee Hansard, 15 November 2011, p. 33.

[378]    Dr Jon Jureidini, Proof Committee Hansard, 15 November 2011, p. 33.

[379]    Dr Jon Jureidini, Proof Committee Hansard, 15 November 2011, p. 36.

[380]    Mr Guy Coffey, Submission 44, p. 13.

[381]    Dr Bruce Gynther, Proof Committee Hansard, 2 December 2011, p. 4.

[382]    Refugee Advice and Casework Service (Australia), Submission 28, p. 6.

[383]    Refugee Advice and Casework Service (Australia), Submission 28, p. 7.

[384]    Mr Andrew Metcalfe, Secretary, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 29 February 2012, p. 34.

[385]    Ms Vicki Parker, First Assistant Secretary, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 29 February 2012, p. 34.

[386]    Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Submission 32, Supplementary, p. 62.

[387]    The Australian Psychological Society, Submission 108, pp 5–6.

[388]    Dr Bruce Gynther, Proof Committee Hansard, 2 December 2011, p. 1.

[389]    The Australian Psychological Society, Submission 108, p. 3.

[390]    The Australian Psychological Society, Submission 108, p. 6.

[391]    Dr Bruce Gynther, Proof Committee Hansard, 2 December 2011, p. 4.

[392]    See the Australian Psychological Society, Submission 108, p. 7.

[393]    Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission 112, p. 28.

[394]    Mr Guy Coffey, Submission 44, p. 9.

[395]    DIAC, Submission 32, Supplementary, p. 62.

[396]    Mr Guy Coffey, Submission 44, p. 8.

[397]    Ms Tanya Jackson-Vaughan, Executive Director, Refugee Advice and Casework Service, Proof Committee Hansard, 5 October 2011, p. 1.

[398]    DIAC, Immigration Detention Statistics Summary, 31 January 2012, p. 8, available at: http://www.immi.gov.au/managing-australias-borders/detention/_pdf/immigration-detention-statistics-20120131.pdf (accessed 29 February 2012).

[399]    DIAC, Question on Notice 8 (received 16 August 2011), p. 1.

[400]    Refugee Advice and Casework Service, Submission 28, p. 3.

[401]    Ms Rosemary Budavari, Co-Director, Criminal Law and Human Rights, Law Council of Australia, Proof Committee Hansard, 22 November 2011, p. 3.

[402]    Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission 112, p. 5.

[403]    United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Submission 110, p. 18.

[404]    The Australian Psychological Society, Submission 108, p. 3.

[405]    See Ms Tanya Jackson-Vaughan, Executive Director, Refugee Advice and Casework Service, Proof Committee Hansard, 5 October 2011, p. 1.

[406]    See Ms Lucy Morgan, Information and Policy Officer, Refugee Council of Australia, Proof Committee Hansard, 5 October 2011, p. 8.

[407]    Ms Lucy Morgan, Information and Policy Officer, Refugee Council of Australia, Proof Committee Hansard, 5 October 2011, p. 8.

[408]    Ms Tanya Jackson-Vaughan, Executive Director, Refugee Advice and Casework Service, Proof Committee Hansard, 5 October 2011, p. 1.

[409]    Ms Catherine Branson, President, Australian Human Rights Commission, Proof Committee Hansard, 5 October 2011, p. 55.

[410]    Dr Graham Thom, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 November 2011, p. 11.

[411]    Ms Lucy Morgan, Information and Policy Officer, Refugee Council of Australia, Proof Committee Hansard, 5 October 2011, p. 8.

[412]    United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Submission 110, p. 4.

[413]    Mr David Manne, Executive Director, Refugee and Immigration Legal Centre Inc., Proof Committee Hansard, 18 November 2011, p. 28.

[414]    Dr Bruce Gynther, Submission 152, p. 2.

[415]    Dr Bruce Gynther, Proof Committee Hansard, 2 December 2011, p. 1.

[416]    The impact of remoteness on health services to detainees is discussed in detail in Chapter 4.

[417]    Dr Linda Briskman, Director, Centre for Human Rights Education, Curtin University, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 November 2011, p. 32.

[418]    Mr Guy Coffey, Submission 44, p. 7.

[419]    The Committee received in camera evidence from detainees on this point.

[420]    Ms Fabia Claridge, Submission 7, pp 2–3.

[421]    The Forum of Australian Services for Survivors of Torture and Trauma, Submission 45, p. 3.

[422]    See Serco, Submission 42, p. 15.

[423]    See Serco, Submission 42, p. 22.

[424]    Mr Guy Coffey, Submission 44, pp 4–5, p. 11.

[425]    Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission 112, p. 28.

[426]    Mr Guy Coffey, Submission 44, p. 5.

[427]    Mr Guy Coffey, Submission 44, p. 11.

[428]    Mr Guy Coffey, Submission 44, p. 11.

[429]    The Forum of Australian Services for Survivors of Torture and Trauma, Submission 45, p. 3.

[430]    The Forum of Australian Services for Survivors of Torture and Trauma, Submission 45, p. 3.

[431]    Mr Guy Coffey, Submission 44, p. 4.

[432]    The Forum of Australian Services for Survivors of Torture and Trauma, Submission 45, p. 3.

[433]    See DIAC, Detention Services Manual, Chapter 8, Question on Notice 77 (received 6 December 2011, updated 15 March 2012).

[434]    Mr Guy Coffey, Submission 44, p. 4.

[435]    See for example Ms Fabia Claridge, Submission 7, p. 3.

[436]    Dr Linda Briskman, Director, Centre for Human Rights Education, Curtin University, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 November 2011, p. 32.

[437]    The Australian Psychological Society, Submission 108, p. 7. See also Mr Guy Coffey, Submission 44, p. 8.

[438]    Study by Coffey et al, quoted by the Australian Psychological Society, Submission 108, p. 7.

[439]    The Australian Psychological Society, Submission 108, p. 8.

[440]    Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission 112, p. 66.

[441]    Suicide Prevention Australia, Submission 67, p. 34.

[442]    Detention Health Advisory Group, Submission 41, p. 7.

[443]    Northern Territory Branch of the Australian Medical Association, Submission 142, p. 1.

[444]    Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission 112, p. 69.

[445]    Dr Jon Jureidini, Proof Committee Hansard, 15 November 2011, pp 35–36.

[446]    DIAC, Question on Notice 298 (received 22 March 2012), p. 1.

[447]    Save the Children Australia, Submission 50, p. 2.

[448]    United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, article 20.

[449]    Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission 112, p. 70.

[450]    Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission 112, pp 69–70.

[451]    Headspace, Submission 37, p. 5.

[452]    DIAC advised the Committee that, as at 28 February 2012, three children were in indefinite detention due to a parent's adverse security assessment. Another child, a protection visa holder, is also in indefinite detention with parents who have adverse ASIO assessments and who have requested that the child remain with them instead of being released. See DIAC Question on Notice 299 (received 15 March 2012), p. 1.

[453]    Professor Ben Saul, Submission 130, Attachment, p. 65.

[454]    Submission 130, Attachment, p. 65.

[455]    See for example Gilbert and Tobin Centre of Public Law, Submission 21, p. 6; Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission 112, p. 67; Amnesty International, Submission 115, p. 9.

[456]    United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, article 37(b).

[457]    The Hon. Chris Bowen, MP, Minister for Immigration and Citizenship, media release, 29 July 2008, available at http://www.minister.immi.gov.au/media/speeches/2008/ce080729.htm (accessed 22 February 2012).

[458]    DIAC, Question on Notice 4 (received 10 August 2011), p. 2.

[459]    DIAC, Immigration Detention Statistics Summary, 31 January 2012, p. 7, available at: http://www.immi.gov.au/managing-australias-borders/detention/_pdf/immigration-detention-statistics-20120131.pdf (accessed 29 February 2012).

[460]    DIAC, Question on Notice 298 (received 22 March 2012), p. 1.

[461]    Australian Children's Commissioners and Guardians, Submission 35, p. 4.

[462]    Ms Catherine Branson, Australian Human Rights Commissioner and President, Australian Human Rights Commission, Proof Committee Hansard, 5 October 2011, p. 54.

[463]    DIAC, Submission 32, pp 63–64.

[464]    DIAC, Submission 32, Supplementary, p. 5.

[465]    DIAC, Immigration Detention Statistics Summary, 31 January 2012, available at: http://www.immi.gov.au/managing-australias-borders/detention/_pdf/immigration-detention-statistics-20120131.pdf (accessed 29 February 2012).

[466]    Mr Andrew Metcalfe, Proof Committee Hansard, 29 February 2012, p. 22.

[467]    Mr Andrew Metcalfe, Secretary, Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Proof Committee Hansard, 29 February 2012, p. 22.

[468]    The Hon. Chris Bowen, MP, Minister for Immigration and Citizenship, transcript of New Directions policy speech, 29 July 2008, available at: http://www.minister.immi.gov.au/media/speeches/2008/ce080729.htm (accessed 23 February 2012).

[469]    DIAC, Submission 32, Supplementary, p. 62.

[470]    DIAC, Figure 13, Submission 32, Supplementary, p. 63.

[471]    DIAC, Question on Notice 92 (received 29 February 2012), p. 1.

[472]    The Detention Health Advisory Group, Submission 41 (received 16 August 2011), p. 3.

[473]    DIAC, Question on Notice 21 (received 16 August 2011), 2011, p. 1.

[474]    NSW Council for Civil Liberties (NSWCCL), Submission 140, pp 1–2.

[475]    Australian Lawyers for Human Rights, Submission 129, p. 9.

[476]    Australian Psychological Society, Submission 108, p. 4.

[477]    The Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission 112, p. 32.

[478]    United Voice, Submission 55, p. 3.

[479]    The Castan Centre for Human Rights, Monash University, Submission 96, p. 7.

[480]    The Castan Centre for Human Rights, Monash University, Submission 96, p. 7.

[481]    The Australian Psychological Society, Submission 108, pp 17–18.

[482]    Quoted by Community and Public Sector Union, Submission 62, p. 9.

[483]    United Voice, Submission 55, p. 12.

[484]    Serco, Submission 42, p. 32.

[485]    Mr Steve Kibble, Deputy Chief Executive Officer, Comcare, Proof Committee Hansard, 22 November 2011, p. 41.

[486]    Mr Steve Kibble, Deputy Chief Executive Officer, Comcare, Proof Committee Hansard, 22 November 2011, p. 41.

[487]    Mr John Moorhouse, Deputy Secretary, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 December 2011, p. 35.

[488]    The Detention Health Advisory Group, Submission 41, p. 6.

CHAPTER 6 - The assessment process

[489]    Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Submission 32, Key Strategic Themes, p. 50.

[490]    DIAC, Question on Notice 84 (received 8 December 2011), p. 1.

[491]    For number of arrivals and protection visa grants see DIAC, Asylum Statistics–Australia Quarterly Tables, December Quarter 2011, http://www.immi.gov.au/media/publications/statistics/asylum/ (accessed 27 March 2012), and DIAC, Annual Report 2012-11, pp 119–121, http://www.immi.gov.au/about/reports/annual/2010-11/pdf/report-on-performance.pdf  (accessed 27 March 2012).

[492]    DIAC, Submission 32, A Historical Perspective of Refugees and Asylum Seekers in Australia 1976-2011, p. 2.

[493]    1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, article 1A.

[494]    DIAC, Submission 32, Key Strategic Themes, p. 46.

[495]    DIAC, Submission 32, Key Strategic Themes, p. 46.

[496]    See DIAC, Submission 32, Policy Evolution, p. 24.

[497]    DIAC, Submission 32, Key Strategic Themes, p. 46.

[498]    DIAC, Submission 32, Key Strategic Themes, p. 49.

[499]    DIAC, Submission 32, Key Strategic Themes, p. 46. Subsection 501(6) of the Migration Act 1958 defines the circumstances in which a person would fail the character test. See DIAC, Question on Notice 296 (received 22 March 2012), p. 1.

[500]    DIAC, Submission 32, Key Strategic Themes, p. 48.

[501]    DIAC, Submission 32, Key Strategic Themes, p. 46.

[502]    DIAC, Submission 32, Key Strategic Themes, p. 48.

[503]    DIAC, Submission 32, Key Strategic Themes, p. 48.

[504]    DIAC, Submission 32, Key Strategic Themes, p. 48.

[505]    DIAC, Submission 32, Key Strategic Themes, p. 54.

[506]    DIAC, Submission 32, Key Strategic Themes, p. 46.

[507]    DIAC, Submission 32, Key Strategic Themes, p. 46.

[508]    DIAC, Submission 32, Key Strategic Themes, pp 46–47.

[509]    DIAC, Submission 32, Key Strategic Themes, p. 47.

[510]    DIAC, Submission 32, Key Strategic Themes, p. 48.

[511]    DIAC, Submission 32, Key Strategic Themes, p. 49.

[512]    Liberty Victoria, Submission 39, p. 10.

[513]    DIAC, Submission 32, Supplementary, p. 49.

[514]    DIAC, Submission 32, Key Strategic Themes, p. 49.

[515]    The Forum of Australian Services for Survivors of Torture and Trauma, Submission 45, p. 4.

[516]    Liberty Victoria, Submission 39, p. 9.

[517]    DIAC, Submission 32, Key Strategic Themes, p. 53.

[518]    DIAC, Submission 32, Key Strategic Themes, p. 53.

[519]    DIAC, Submission 32, Key Strategic Themes, p. 53.

[520]    Liberty Victoria, Submission 39, p. 9.

[521]    DIAC, Submission 32, Key Strategic Themes, p. 52.

[522]    See discussion with Mr Andrew Metcalfe, Secretary, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 16 August 2011, p. 9.

[523]    DIAC, Submission 32, Key Strategic Themes, p. 52.

[524]    See discussion with Mr Andrew Metcalfe, Secretary, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 16 August 2011, p. 10.

[525]    DIAC, Submission 32, Key Strategic Themes, p. 52.

[526]    Ms Janet Mackin, Assistant Secretary, DIAC, and Mr Steven Karras, Acting Regional Manager Christmas Island, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 6 September 2011, pp 38–39.

[527]    DIAC, Submission 32, Key Strategic Themes, p. 52.

[528]    For more on CGNs see http://www.immi.gov.au/media/publications/country-guidance-notes.htm (accessed 14 December 2011).

[529]    See http://www.immi.gov.au/media/publications/country-guidance-notes.htm (accessed 12 December 2011).

[530]    DIAC, Submission 32, Key Strategic Themes, p. 52.

[531]    Liberty Victoria, Submission 39, p. 11.

[532]    This represented the general views of a number of submissions made in camera.

[533]    Federal Magistrates Court of Australia, SZQHI v Minister for Immigration & Anor [2012] FMCA72 (9 February 2012).

[534]    See Mr Andrew Metcalfe, Secretary, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 29 February 2012, p. 22.

[535]    Australian Security Intelligence Organisation, Submission 153, p. 1.

[536]    See discussion with Committee at public hearing: Proof Committee Hansard, 22 November 2011, pp 35–36.

[537]    Mr David Irvine, Director-General, Australian Security Intelligence Organisation, Proof Committee Hansard, 22 November 2011, p. 24.

[538]    ASIO, Submission 153, p. 1.

[539]    Mr David Irvine, Director-General, ASIO, Proof Committee Hansard, 22 November 2011, p. 24. Also see ASIO Act 1979, s. 4.

[540]    ASIO, Submission 153, p. 2.

[541]    ASIO, Submission 153, p. 2.

[542]    See discussion with Mr David Irvine, Director-General, ASIO, Proof Committee Hansard, 22 November 2011, p. 30.

[543]    ASIO, Submission 153, p. 3.

[544]    Mr David Irvine, Director-General, ASIO, Proof Committee Hansard, 22 November 2011, p. 35.

[545]    Mr David Irvine, Director-General, ASIO, Legal and Constitutional Affairs Legislation Committee, Estimates Hansard, 25 May 2011, p. 107.

[546]    ASIO, Submission 153, p. 4.

[547]    Mr David Irvine, Director-General, ASIO, Proof Committee Hansard, 22 November 2011, p. 26.

[548]    Mr David Irvine, Director-General, ASIO, Proof Committee Hansard, 22 November 2011, p. 25.

[549]    Mr David Irvine, Director-General, ASIO, Proof Committee Hansard, 22 November 2011, p. 35.

[550]    Mr Andrew Metcalfe, Secretary, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 16 August 2011, p. 12.

[551]    Mr Andrew Metcalfe, Secretary, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 16 August 2011, p. 13.

[552]    ASIO, Question on Notice 315 (received 16 December 2011), p. 2.

[553]    Mr Andrew Metcalfe, Secretary, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 16 August 2011, p. 33.

[554]    Mr Andrew Metcalfe, Secretary, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 16 August 2011, p. 33.

[555]    See Mr David Irvine, Director-General, ASIO, Proof Committee Hansard, 22 November 2011, pp 30–31.

[556]    See the Committee's discussion with Mr David Irvine, Director-General, ASIO, Proof Committee Hansard, 22 November 2011, p. 31.

[557]    Mr David Irvine, Director-General, ASIO, Proof Committee Hansard, 22 November 2011, p. 31.

[558]    Mr David Irvine, Director-General, ASIO, Proof Committee Hansard, 22 November 2011, p. 24.

[559]    ASIO, Submission 153, p. 6.

[560]    ASIO, Submission 153, p. 3.

[561]    These figures are current as of 22 November 2011. See Mr David Irvine, Director-General, ASIO, Proof Committee Hansard, 22 November 2011, p. 24.

[562]    Mr David Irvine, Director-General, ASIO, Proof Committee Hansard, 22 November 2011, pp 35–36.

[563]    DIAC, Submission 32, p. 45.

[564]    ASIO, Submission 153, pp 2–3.

[565]    Mr David Irvine, Director-General, ASIO, Proof Committee Hansard, 22 November 2011, p. 24.

[566]    DIAC, Submission 32, Key Strategic Themes, p. 57.

[567]    DIAC, Submission 32, Key Strategic Themes, p. 58.

[568]    DIAC, Submission 32, Key Strategic Themes, p. 51.

[569]    DIAC, Submission 32, Key Strategic Themes, p. 52.

[570]    DIAC, Submission 32, Key Strategic Themes, p. 52. Note: Individuals who lack identity as nationals of a state for legal purposes and are not entitled to rights, benefits and protections ordinarily available to a country's nationals are considered to be 'stateless'.

[571]    For a discussion on how many refugees issued with adverse security assessments see Mr David Irvine, Director-General, ASIO, Proof Committee Hansard, 22 November 2011, p. 30.

[572]     See for example Ms Pamela Curr, Campaign Coordinator, Asylum Seeker Resource Centre, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 November 2011, p. 17; Mr Richard Towle, Regional Representative, UNHCR, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 November 2011, p, 10.

[573]    For details see Professor Ben Saul, Submission 130, Attachment, pp 1–72.

[574]    Professor Jane McAdam, Gilbert and Tobin Centre of Public Law, UNSW, Proof Committee Hansard, 5 October 2011, p. 22.

[575]    ASIO, Submission 153, p. 3.

[576]    Professor Ben Saul, Sydney Centre for International Law, University of Sydney, Submission 130, pp 2–3.

[577]    Ms Pamela Curr, Campaign Coordinator, Asylum Seeker Resource Centre, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 November 2011, p. 17.

[578]    Ms Rosemary Budavari, Co-Director, Criminal Law and Human Rights, Law Council of Australia, Proof Committee Hansard, 22 November 2011, p. 8.

[579]    Mr Richard Towle, United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Proof Committee Hansard, 22 November 2012, p. 9.

[580]    Mr David Irvine, Director-General, ASIO, Proof Committee Hansard, 22 November 2011, p. 28.

[581]    Professor Ben Saul, Submission 130, Attachment, p. 40.

[582]    Professor Ben Saul, Submission 130, Attachment, p. 25.

[583]    Mr David Irvine, Director-General, ASIO, Proof Committee Hansard, 22 November 2011, p. 28.

[584]    Mr David Irvine, Director-General, ASIO, Proof Committee Hansard, 22 November 2011, p. 33.

[585]    The Council for Immigration Services and Status Resolution (the CISSR) is an advisory council to the Minister for Immigration and Citizenship, offering independent advice on policies, processes and services relating to resolution of immigration status. See Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Question on Notice 72. As of 9 February 2012, CISSR is known as the Minister's Council on Asylum Seekers and Detention (MCASD). See http://www.minister.immi.gov.au/media/cb/2012/cb182434.htm (accessed 22 March 2012).

[586]    DIAC, Question on Notice 72, CISSR 10^th General Meeting Minutes 27-28 June 2011 (received 2 December 2011), p. 14.

[587]    DIAC, Question on Notice 72, CISSR 10^th General Meeting Minutes 27-28 June 2011 (received 2 December 2011), p. 14.

[588]    Professor Ben Saul, Submission 130, Attachment, p. 29.

[589]    Mr David Irvine, Director-General, ASIO, Proof Committee Hansard, 22 November 2011, p. 29.

[590]    Mr David Irvine, Director-General, ASIO, Proof Committee Hansard, 22 November 2011, p. 29.

[591]    Dr Vivienne Thom, Inspector-General of Intelligence and Security, Proof Committee Hansard, 22 November 2011, p. 37.

[592]    Dr Vivienne Thom, Inspector-General of Intelligence and Security, Proof Committee Hansard, 22 November 2011, p. 37.

[593]    Dr Vivienne Thom, Inspector-General of Intelligence and Security, Proof Committee Hansard, 22 November 2011, p. 37.

[594]    Ms Rosemary Budavari, Co-Director, Criminal Law and Human Rights, Law Council of Australia, Proof Committee Hansard, 22 November 2011, p. 7.

[595]    Mr Richard Towle, United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Proof Committee Hansard, 22 November 2011, p. 10.

[596]    Ms Rosemary Budavari, Co-Director, Criminal Law and Human Rights, Law Council of Australia, Proof Committee Hansard, 22 November 2011, p. 7.

[597]    Mr David Irvine, Director-General, ASIO, Proof Committee Hansard, 22 November 2011, p. 34.

[598]    Mr David Irvine, Director-General, ASIO, Proof Committee Hansard, 22 November 2011, p. 34.

[599]    Mr Andrew Metcalfe, Secretary, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 December 2011, p. 46.

[600]    Professor Ben Saul, Proof Committee Hansard, 5 October 2011, p. 17. For a detailed analysis of legal approaches to the security assessment of refugees in overseas jurisdictions see Professor Ben Saul, Submission 130, Supplementary, pp 1–6.

[601]    See discussion with Professor Ben Saul, Proof Committee Hansard, 5 October 2011, pp 17–18.

[602]    Professor Ben Saul, Proof Committee Hansard, 5 October 2011, pp 17–18.

[603]    Professor Ben Saul, Proof Committee Hansard, 5 October 2011, p. 18.

[604]    Gilbert & Tobin, Submission 21, Attachment 1, p. 1.

[605]    Gilbert & Tobin, Submission 21, Attachment 1, p. 2.

[606]    Professor Ben Saul, Submission 130, Attachment, p. 15.

[607]    Professor Ben Saul, Proof Committee Hansard, 5 October 2011, p. 17.

[608]    Professor Ben Saul, Proof Committee Hansard, 5 October 2011, p. 17.

[609]    See Gilbert & Tobin, Submission 21, Attachment 1, p. 2.

[610]    See Gilbert & Tobin, Submission 21, Attachment 1, p. 2.

CHAPTER 7 - Alternatives

[611]    Mr Andrew Metcalfe, Secretary, Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Legal and Constitutional Affairs Legislation Committee, Senate Estimates Hansard, 13 February 2012, p. 93.

[612]    Under the Migration Act 1958, a substantive visa is a visa other than a bridging, criminal justice or enforcement visa. See Migration Act 1958, s. 5.

[613]    DIAC, Submission 32, Evolution of the Australian Legislative Framework and Policy for Immigration Detention, p. 4.

[614]    The Hon. Julia Gillard, MP, Prime Minister, and the Hon. Chris Bowen, MP, Minister for Immigration and Citizenship, press conference, 13 October 2011, available at http://www.pm.gov.au/press-office/transcript-joint-press-conference-canberra-17 (accessed 22 February 2012).

[615]    See DIAC, Bridging Visas, http://www.immi.gov.au/allforms/pdf/1024i.pdf (accessed 3 November 2011).

[616]    The Hon. Julia Gillard, MP, Prime Minister, and the Hon. Chris Bowen, MP, Minister for Immigration and Citizenship, press conference, 13 October 2011, available at http://www.pm.gov.au/press-office/transcript-joint-press-conference-canberra-17 (accessed 22 February 2012).

[617]    Mr Andrew Metcalfe, Secretary, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 29 February 2012, p. 25.

[618]    Mr Greg Kelly, First Assistant Secretary, DIAC, Legal and Constitutional Affairs Legislation Committee, Senate Estimates Hansard, 13 February 2012, p. 92.

[619]    Mr Andrew Metcalfe, Secretary, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 29 February 2012, p. 22.

[620]    Mr John Moorhouse, Deputy Secretary, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 29 February 2012, p. 25.

[621]    The Hon. Chris Bowen, MP, Minister for Immigration and Citizenship, media release, 25 February 2011.

[622]    Mr Greg Kelly, First Assistant Secretary, DIAC, Legal and Constitutional Affairs Legislation Committee, Senate Estimates Hansard, 13 February 2012, pp 92–93.

[623]    The Hon. Chris Bowen MP, Minister for Immigration and Citizenship, media release, 25 February 2011.

[624]    Ms Pamela Curr, Campaign Coordinator, Asylum Seeker Resource Centre, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 November 2011, p. 21.

[625]    Ms Pamela Curr, Campaign Coordinator, Asylum Seeker Resource Centre, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 November 2011, p. 21.

[626]    Gilbert and Tobin Centre of Public Law, UNSW, Submission 21, p. 9.

[627]    Gilbert and Tobin Centre of Public Law, UNSW, Submission 21, p. 10.

[628]    DIAC, Question on Notice 291 (received 15 March 2012), p. 1.

[629]    Mr John Moorhouse, Deputy Secretary, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 29 February 2012, pp 27–28.

[630]    Gilbert and Tobin Centre of Public Law, UNSW, Submission 21, p. 9.

[631]    Mr John Moorhouse, Deputy Secretary, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 29 February 2012, pp 27–28.

[632]    See DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 29 February 2012, pp 28–29.

[633]    This power was established by the insertion of section 197AB into the Migration Act 1958 in 2005.

[634]    DIAC, Submission 32, Evolution of the Australian Legislative Framework and Policy for Immigration Detention, p. 7.

[635]    DIAC, Question on Notice 42 (received 10 August 2011), p. 1.

[636]    See Legal and Constitutional Affairs Legislation Committee, Senate Estimates Hansard, 13 February 2012, p. 79.

[637]    The Hon. Chris Bowen, MP, Minister for Immigration and Citizenship, media release, 17 February 2012.

[638]    The Hon. Chris Bowen, MP, Minister for Immigration and Citizenship, media release, 17 February 2012.

[639]    DIAC, Submission 32, Immigration Detention Network Facilities in Australia, p. 3.

[640]    Mr Andrew Metcalfe, Secretary, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 16 August 2011, p. 21.

[641]    DIAC, Submission 32, Evolution of the Australian Legislative Framework and Policy for Immigration Detention, p. 7.

[642]    DIAC, Submission 32, Evolution of the Australian Legislative Framework and Policy for Immigration Detention, p. 7.

[643]    DIAC, Submission 32, Immigration Detention Network Facilities in Australia, p. 3.

[644]    DIAC, Submission 32, Immigration Detention Facilities in Australia, p. 3.

[645]    DIAC, Question on Notice 42 (received 10 August 2011), p. 1.

[646]    DIAC, Question on Notice 44 (received 10 August 2011), p. 1.

[647]    DIAC, Question on Notice 44 (received 10 August 2011), p. 1.

[648]    Ms Tanya Jackson-Vaughan, Executive Director, Refugee Advice and Casework Service, Proof Committee Hansard, 5 October 2011, p. 5.

[649]    Ms Tanya Jackson-Vaughan, Executive Director, Refugee Advice and Casework Service, Proof Committee Hansard, 5 October 2011, p. 5.

[650]    Gilbert and Tobin Centre of Public Law, UNSW, Submission 21, p. 8.

[651]    Mr Paris Aristotle, Chair, Council for Immigration Services and Status Resolution, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 November 2011, p. 39.

[652]    Ms Kate Pope, First Assistant Secretary, Community Programs and Children Division, DIAC, Legal and Constitutional Affairs Legislation Committee, Senate Estimates Hansard, 13 February 2012, p. 104.

[653]    Ms Kate Pope, First Assistant Secretary, Community Programs and Children Division, DIAC, Legal and Constitutional Affairs Legislation Committee, Senate Estimates Hansard, 13 February 2012, p. 104.

[654]    AMES, Submission 86, pp 13–14.

[655]    DIAC, Question on Notice 43 (received 10 August 2011), p. 1.

[656]    DIAC, Question on Notice 42 (received 10 August 2011), p. 2.

[657]    DIAC, Question on Notice 43 (received 10 August 2011), p. 1.

[658]    Mr Paris Aristotle AM, Chair, Council for Immigration Services and Status Resolution, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 November 2011, p. 36.

[659]    Ms Kate Pope, First Assistant Secretary, Community Programs and Children Division, DIAC, Legal and Constitutional Affairs Legislation Committee, Senate Estimates Hansard, 13 February 2012, p. 80.

[660]    Ms Kate Pope, first Assistant Secretary, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 December 2011, pp 39–40.

[661]    Mr Andrew Metcalfe, Secretary, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 December 2011, p. 40.

[662]    Ms Kate Pope, First Assistant Secretary, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 December 2011, p. 40.

[663]    Ms Kate Pope, first Assistant Secretary, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 December 2011, p. 39.

[664]    Mr Andrew Metcalfe, Secretary, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 December 2011, p. 40.

[665]    Ms Kate Pope, First Assistant Secretary, Community Programs and Children Division, DIAC, Legal and Constitutional Affairs Legislation Committee, Senate Estimates Hansard, 13 February 2012, p. 80.

[666]    AMES, Submission 86, p. 15.

[667]    DIAC, Question on Notice 42 (received 10 August 2011), p. 1.

[668]    DIAC, Submission 32, Immigration Detention Facilities in Australia, p. 3.

[669]    DIAC, Question on Notice 44 (received 10 August 2011), p. 1.

[670]    DIAC, Submission 32, Evolution of the Australian Legislative Framework and Policy for Immigration Detention, p. 7.

[671]    DIAC, Question on Notice 42 (received 10 August 2011), p. 1.

[672]    DIAC, Question on Notice 51 (received 8 November 2011), p. 1.

[673]    Legal and Constitutional Affairs Legislation Committee, Senate Estimates Hansard, 13 February 2012, p. 79.

[674]    Mr Andrew Metcalfe, Secretary, DIAC, Legal and Constitutional Affairs Legislation Committee, Senate Estimates Hansard, 13 February 2012, p. 86.

[675]    For a detailed discussion, see also Harriet Spinks, Elibritt Karlsen and Nigel Brew, 'Australian Government spending on irregular maritime arrivals and counter-people smuggling activity', Background Note, Parliamentary Library, 6 December 2011.

[676]    DIAC states that 'some expenses apply across the network and cannot be attributed to a specific centre. Some costs, which in previous years could not be directly attributed to a specific centre, have been allocated for budget purposes.' See DIAC, Question on Notice 19 (received 10 August 2011, updated 21 November 2011), p. 1.

[677]    DIAC, Question on Notice 19 (received 10 August 2011, updated 21 November 2011), p. 1.

[678]    DIAC, Question on Notice 19 (received 10 August 2011, updated 21 November 2011), p. 1.

[679]    See DIAC, Question on Notice 16 (received 10 August 2011), p. 1.

[680]    For a detailed breakdown see DIAC, Question on Notice 13 (received 10 August 2011), p. 2.

[681]    Ms Kate Pope, First Assistant Secretary, Community Programs and Children Division, DIAC, Legal and Constitutional Affairs Legislation Committee, Senate Estimates Hansard, 13 February 2012, p. 104.

[682]    See for example Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission 112; Labor for Refugees (Victoria), Submission 24; The Forum of Australian Services for Survivors of Torture and Trauma, Submission 45; AMES, Submission 86; Gilbert and Tobin Centre of Public Law, UNSW, Submission 21. (Gilbert and Tobin recommended abolishing mandatory detention, but expanding community detention as an alternative.)

[683]    Mr Paris Aristotle, Chair, Council for Immigration Services and Status Resolution, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 November 2011, p. 36.

[684]    Ms Catherine Branson, President, Australian Human Rights Commission, Proof Committee Hansard, 5 October 2011, p. 51.

[685]    Ms Tanya Jackson-Vaughan, Executive Director, Refugee Advice and Casework Service, Proof Committee Hansard, 5 October 2011, p. 2.

[686]    AMES, Submission 86, p. 13.

[687]    Refugees, Survivors and Ex-detainees, Submission 119, p. 22.

[688]    Ms Lucy Morgan, Information and Policy Officer, Refugee Council of Australia, Proof Committee Hansard, 5 October 2011, p. 7.

[689]    International Detention Coalition, Submission 69, p. 9.

[690]    Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission 112, p. 74.

[691]    For in-depth analysis of this issue see UNHCR, Back to Basics, available at: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4dc935fd2.html (accessed 22 February 2012).

[692]    Mr Paris Aristotle AM, Chair, Council for Immigration Services and Status Resolution, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 November 2011, p. 36.

[693]    See Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission 112; UNHCR, Submission 110.

[694]    Mr Paris Aristotle AM, Chair, Council for Immigration Services and Status Resolution, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 November 2011, p. 37.

[695]    Gilbert and Tobin Centre of Public Law, UNSW, Submission 21, Attachment 2, pp 6–7.

[696]    Mr Paris Aristotle AM, Chair, Council for Immigration Services and Status Resolution, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 November 2011, p. 37.

CHAPTER 8 - Nature and causes for disturbances in detention centres: the Hawke­–Williams Review

[697]    Dr Allan Hawke AO and Ms Helen Williams AM, Independent Review of the Incidents at the Christmas Island Immigration Detention Centre and Villawood Immigration Detention Centre, 31 August 2011, http://www.immi.gov.au/media/publications/pdf/2011/independent-review-incidents-christmas-island-villawood-full.pdf  (accessed 1 February 2012). Hereafter 'Hawke-Williams Review'.

[698]    Hawke-Williams Review, pp 17–18.

[699]    Minister's Response, Independent Review of the Incidents at the Christmas Island Immigration Detention Centre and Villawood Immigration Detention Centre, November 2011, http://www.immi.gov.au/media/publications/pdf/2011/response-independent-review-incidents-christmas-island-and-villawood-full.pdf (accessed 16 February 2012) (Hereafter 'Minister's Response').

[700]    Hawke-Williams Review, pp 4, 53–66.

[701]    Hawke-Williams Review, pp 4, 70–78.

[702]    Hawke-Williams Review, p. 43.

[703]    Mr Keith Hamburger AM, Assessment of the Current Immigration Detention Arrangements at Christmas Island, Knowledge Consulting, 14 October 2010; DIAC, answer to question on notice, Q306 (received 23 March 2012).

[704]    Mr Keith Hamburger AM, Assessment of the Current Immigration Detention Arrangements at Christmas Island, Knowledge Consulting, 14 October 2010, pp 4–9.

[705]    Hawke-Williams Review, p. 44.

[706]    Hawke-Williams Review, p. 44; Mr Andrew Metcalfe, Secretary, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 29 February 2012, p. 31.

[707]    Hawke-Williams Review, pp 4, 42–45.

[708]    Hawke-Williams Review, pp 4, 112–118.

[709]    Hawke-Williams Review, pp 5, 121.

[710]    Hawke-Williams Review, p. iii.

[711]    Hawke-Williams Review, pp 5, 82.

[712]    Hawke-Williams Review, p. 84.

[713]    Hawke-Williams Review, p. 5.

[714]    Hawke-Williams Review, pp 5, 85–88.

[715]    Hawke-Williams Review, p. 6.

[716]    Hawke-Williams Review, p. 6.

[717]    Hawke-Williams Review, pp 6, 39­–40.

[718]    Hawke-Williams Review, pp 6, 40–42.

[719]    Hawke-Williams Review, p.7.

[720]    Hawke-Williams Review, p. 7.

[721]    Hawke-Williams Review, pp 7, 49–53.

[722]    Hawke-Williams Review, p. 8.

[723]    Hawke-Williams Review, p. 82.

[724]    Hawke-Williams Review, p. 11.

[725]    Minister's Response, pp 3–4.

[726]    Hawke-Williams Review, pp 95–101.

[727]    Hawke-Williams Review, pp 11–12.

[728]    Minister's Response, pp 5–7

[729]    Hawke-Williams Review, pp 109–118.

[730]    Hawke-Williams Review, pp 109–118.

[731]    Minister's Response, p. 8.

[732]    Hawke-Williams Review, pp 13–14, 123–143.

[733]    Minister's Response, pp 8–14.

[734]    Hawke-Williams Review, p. 158.

[735]    Minister's Response, pp 15­–16.

[736]    Hawke-Williams Review, pp. 161–165.

[737]    Mr John Moorhouse, Deputy Secretary, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 29 February 2012, p. 40.

[738]    Mr John Moorhouse, Deputy Secretary, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 29 February 2012, p. 36.

[739]    Mr Andrew Metcalfe, Secretary, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 29 February 2012, p. 38.

[740]    Assistant Commissioner Frank Prendergast, Australian Federal Police, Proof Committee Hansard, 6 September 2011, p. 56.

[741]    Assistant Commissioner Frank Prendergast, Australian Federal Police, Proof Committee Hansard, 6 September 2011, p. 60.

[742]    Assistant Commissioner Frank Prendergast, Australian Federal Police, Proof Committee Hansard, 6 September 2011, p. 55.

[743]    Mr John Moorhouse, Deputy Secretary, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 29 February 2012, p. 39.

COALITION MEMBERS AND SENATORS DISSENTING REPORT - [61]             Senator the Hon Chris Evans, Joint Press Conference with Ministers Smith and O’Connor, “Suspension on processing of all new applications from asylum seekers from Sri Lanka and Afghanistan”, 9 April 2010, www.minister.immi.gov.au/media/speeches/2010/ce100409.htm; Senator the Hon. Chris Evans, Joint Press Release with Ministers Smith and O’Connor, “Changes to Australia’s Immigration Processing System”, 9 April 2010. www.minister.immi.gov.au/media/media-releases/2010/ce10029.htm.

[1]        ABC Online Extra Police sent to quell Christmas Island riots, ABC News 18 March 2011. www.abc.net.au/news/2011-03-18/extra-police-sent-to-quell-christmas-island-riots/2652240.

[2]        Hawke & Williams,“Independent Review of the Incidents at the Christmas Island Immigration Detention Centre and Villawood Immigration Detention Centre” 31 August 2011, released publicly 29 November 2011, page 59. Hereafter referred to as 'Hawke and Williams'.

[3]        DIAC, answers to questions on notice, q 129, received 29 February 2012.

[4]        Hawke & Williams, page iii.

[5] Hawke & Williams, p. iii.

[6] Supplementary Budget Estimates, 2011-12 Finance and Deregulation Portfolio, QoN F30.

[7]        Hawke & Williams,  p. 4.

[8]        DIAC, answers to questions on notice, q 48, received 17 November 2011.

[11]         DIAC, Immigration Detention Statistics Report 23-11-07, answers to questions on notice, q 2, received 10 August 2011.

[12]       DIAC, Immigration Detention Statistics Summary 31-01-12, p.5. 

[13]       Phillips, J. & Spinks, H. 2011 Boat arrivals in Australia since 1976, Parliamentary Library Social Policy Section, updated 24 January 2012,  www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/BN/2011-2012/BoatArrivals

[14]       Kelly, P. & Shanahan, D., “Rudd to turn back boatpeople”, The Australian www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/defence/rudd-to-turn-back-boatpeople/story-e6frg8yx-1111114943944, 23 November 2007.

[15]       Senator the Hon. Chris Evans, Minister for Immigration and Citizenship Last Refugees Leave Nauru, 8 February 2008. http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;query%3DId%3A%22media%2Fpressrel%2FYUNP6%22

[16]       Minister for Immigration and Citizenship, “Budget 2008-09 – Rudd Government scraps Temporary Protection Visas”, www.minister.immi.gov.au/media/media-releases/2008/ce05-buget-08.htm, 13 May 2008.

[17]       Department of Immigration and Citizenship Annual Report 2008-09 ‘1.2.2. Protection Visas (onshore)’ www.immi.gov.au/about/reports/annual/2008-09/html/outcome1/output1-2-2.htm.

[18]       The Hon. Chris Bowen MP, Minister for Immigration and Citizenship,  Bridging visas to be issued for boat arrivals, 25 November 2011, www.minister.immi.gov.au/media/cb/2011/cb180599.htm.

[20]       DIAC, Immigration Detention Statistics Report 11-03-11, answers to questions on notice, q 2, received 10 August 2011.

[21]       DIAC, Immigration Detention Statistics Report 11-03-11, Figure 2, answers to questions on notice, q 2, received 10 August 2011.

[25]       DIAC, answers to questions on notice, q 48, received on 17^th November 2011.

[26]       Senator the Hon. Chris Evans, Media Release, Last Refugees Leave Nauru, 8 February 2008. http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;query%3DId%3A%22media%2Fpressrel%2FYUNP6%22

[27]       Towle, Mr Richard, Regional Representative United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 22 November 2011, p. 12.

[28]       Towle, Mr Richard, Regional Representative United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Committee  Hansard, Canberra, 22 November 2011, p. 12.

[29]       Phillips, J. & Spinks, H., Boat arrivals in Australia since 1976, Parliamentary Library Social Policy Section, updated 24 January 2012 www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/BN/2011-2012/BoatArrivals

[30]       DIAC, answers to questions on notice, q 6 and q 8, received 10 August 2011.

[31]       DIAC, answers to questions on notice, Legal and Constitutional Affairs Committee, Additional Budget Estimates Hearing , 21 February 2011, Q 141; DIAC, answers to questions on notice, Legal and Constitutional Affairs Committee, Supplementary Budget Estimates Hearing, 19 October 2010, Q 61.

[32]       Hawke & Williams, pp 3-4.

[33]       Senator the Hon. Chris Evans, New Directions in Detention – Restoring Integrity to Australia’s Immigration System, speech to the Australian National University, Canberra, 29 July 2008. www.minister.immi.gov.au/media/speeches/2008/ce080729.htm.

[34]       Senator the Hon. Chris Evans, “Labor unveils new risk-based detention policy”, 29 July 2008, www.minister.immi.gov.au/media/media-releases/2008/ce08072.htm.

[36]       Migration Amendment (Abolishing Detention Debt) Act 2009 (Cth).

[37]       DIAC, Submission 32, p. 19.

[38]       Phillips, J. & Spinks, H., Immigration detention in Australia, Parliamentary Library Social Policy Section, 23 January 2012.  www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/BN/2011-2012/Detention#_ftn62

[39]       The Hon. Chris Bowen MP, “Government to seek resolution of outstanding Oceanic Viking cases”, 15 October 2010, www.minister.immi.gov.au/media/cb/2010/cb155479.htm

[40]       "The Letter to the Oceanic Viking Passengers”, Sydney Morning Herald, 12 November 2009, www.smh.com.au/world/the-letter-to-the-oceanic-viking-passengers-20091111-ia3k.html

[41]       Wade, M., “Secret plan to boost migrants from Sri Lanka”, Sydney Morning Herald, 19 November 2009, www.smh.com.au/national/secret-plan-to-boost-migrants-from-sri-lanka-20091111-i9zs.html;

Allard, T., “Home by Christmas: Rudd lays out the welcome mat”, Sydney Morning Herald, 12 November 2009, www.smh.com.au/world/home-by-christmas-rudd-lays-out-the-welcome-mat-20091111-ia3j.html.

[42]       Hawke & Williams, p. 41.

[43]       Senator the Hon. Chris Evans, Minister for Immigration and Citizenship, “Christmas Island will cope with boat arrivals”, 9 July 2009, www.minister.immi.gov.au/media/media-releases/2009/ce09060.htm.

[44]       ABC News, “Asylum seekers guilty over detention riot”, 4 November 2010, www.abc.net.au/news/2010-11-04/asylum-seekers-guilty-over-detention-riot/2324232.

[45]       Hawke & Williams, p. 41.

[46]       DIAC, Supplementary Submission, p. 202.

[47]       Senator the Hon. Chris Evans, Doorstop, Canberra, January 26 2010 “Australia Day, immigration detention”, www.minister.immi.gov.au/media/speeches/2010/ce100126.htm.

[48]       Hawke & Williams, p. 41.

[49]       Hawke & Williams, p. 64.

[50]       DIAC, Supplementary Submission, p. 202; Hawke & Williams, p. 41.

[51]       DIAC, answers to questions on notice, q 294, received 15 March 2012.

[52]       DIAC, Immigration Detention Statistics Report 8-01-2010, answers to questions on notice, q 2, received 10 August 2011.

[53]       Packham, B. & Lewis, S., “Immigration Department warns Federal Government to start processing asylum-seekers on mainland”, Herald Sun, 14 January 2010,  www.heraldsun.com.au/news/immigration-department-warns-federal-government-to-start-processing-asylum-seekers-on-mainland/story-e6frf7jo-1225818992473.

[54]       The Hon. Kevin Rudd MP, Interview with Lyndal Curtis, ABC AM, 2 February 2010, www.abc.net.au/am/content/2010/s2807350.htm.

[55]       Serco Demand Predictors, provided to Inquiry on 18 November 2011, q 309 – 314.

[56]       DIAC, answers to questions on notice, q 294, received 15 March 2012.

[57]       McPhedran, I., “22 moved to NT as Christmas Island simmers”, Northern Territory News, 19 March 2010,  www.ntnews.com.au/article/2010/03/19/132951_ntnews.html.

[58]       DIAC, Immigration Detention Statistics Report 12-03-2010, answers to questions on notice, q 2, received  10 August 2011.

[59]       Senator the Hon. Chris Evans, “Suspension on processing all new applications from asylum seekers from Sri Lanka and Afghanistan”, 9 April 2010,  www.minister.immi.gov.au/media/speeches/2010/ce100409.htm

[60]       DIAC, answers to questions on notice, q 171, received 21 November 2011.

[62]       The Hon. Julia Gillard MP, “Speech to the Lowy Institute” 6 July 2010, www.pm.gov.au/press-office/moving-australia-forward.

[63]       The Hon. Chris Bowen MP, Doorstop, Canberra, “Government’s decision to lift suspension of processing of Afghan asylum seeker claims, Opposition comments”, 30 September 2010, www.minister.immi.gov.au/media/cb/2010/cb155266.htm

[64]       DIAC, Immigration Detention Statistics Report 16-04-2010, answers to questions on notice, q 2, received 10 August 2011.

[65]       DIAC, Immigration Detention Statistics Report 8-10-2010, answers to questions on notice, q 2, received 10 August 2011.

[66]       Hawke & Williams, p. 30.

[67]       Hamburger, K., ‘Draft Report – Assessment of the Current Immigration Arrangements at Christmas Island’, 13 May 2010, page 4, provided by DIAC answers to questions on notice, q 306, received 23 March 2012. Hereafter referred to as 'Hamburger Draft Report'.

[68]       The Hon Chris Bowen MP, Doorstop, Canberra, September 30 2010, www.chrisbowen.net/media-centre/transcripts.do?newsId=3753.

[69]       Senator the Hon. Chris Evans, “Curtin to hold suspended asylum seekers”, 18 April 2010, www.minister.immi.gov.au/media/media-releases/2010/ce10030.htm.

[70]       Senator the Hon. Chris Evans, “Leonora site prepares for irregular maritime arrival transfer”, 1 June 2010 http://www.minister.immi.gov.au/media/media-releases/2010/ce10044.htm.

[71]     The Hon. Chris Bowen MP, “Government to move children and vulnerable families into community-based accommodation”, 18 October 2010, www.minister.immi.gov.au/media/cb/2010/cb155484.htm.

[72]       DIAC, Immigration Detention Statistics Report 23-11-07, answers to questions on notice, q 2, received 10 August 2011.

[73]         Hamburger Draft Report, May 2010.

[74]       Hawke & Williams,  page 43.

[75]       Hamburger Draft Report, May 2010, p. 10.

[76]       Hamburger Draft Report, May 2010, p. 11.

[77]       DIAC, Immigration Detention Statistics Summary 14-05-2010, answers to questions on notice, q 2, received 10 August 2011.

[78]       DIAC, Immigration Detention Statistics Summaries 10-09-2010 and 30-09-2010, answers to questions on notice, q 2, received 10 August 2011.

[80]       Hawke & Williams, page 44.

[81]       Metcalfe, A. Secretary Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 29 February 2012, p. 31.

[82]       Metcalfe, A. Secretary Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 29 February 2012, p. 31.

[83]       Metcalfe, A. Secretary Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 9 December 2011, p. 20.

[84]       DIAC, answers to questions on notice, q 268, received 29 February 2012.

[85]       Hawke & Williams, p. 44.

[86]       Metcalfe, A. Secretary Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 9 December 2011, p. 20.

[87]       Metcalfe, A. Secretary Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 9 December 2011, p. 47.

[88]       DIAC, answers to questions on notice, q 283, received 29 February 2012.

[89]       “PM defends refugee detention plans”, Sydney Morning Herald, 29 September 2010, http://news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-national/pm-defends-refugee-detention-plans-20100929-15wwn.html.

[90]       The Hon Julia Gillard MP, Moving Australia Forward, Address to the Lowy Institute, Sydney, 6 July 2010 www.pm.gov.au/press-office/moving-australia-forward.

[91]       DIAC, Immigration Detention Statistics Summary 13-08-2010, answers to questions on notice, q 2, received 10 August 2011.

[92]       The Hon. Chris Bowen MP, “Additional immigration detention accommodation”, 17 September 2010 http://www.minister.immi.gov.au/media/media-releases/2010/cb10064.htm.

[93]       The Hon Chris Bowen MP, “Additional immigration detention accommodation”, 17 September 2010 www.minister.immi.gov.au/media/media-releases/2010/cb10064.htm.

[94]       Minister Bowen Interview with Steve Price, 18 November 2010 www.minister.immi.gov.au/media/cb/2010/cb155899.htm.

[95]       Prime Minister & Minister for Immigration and Citizenship, Joint Media Release, “Government to move children and vulnerable families into community-based accommodation”, 18 October 2010 www.minister.immi.gov.au/media/cb/2010/cb155484.htm.

[96]       The Hon. Chris Bowen MP, “Government announces new and expanded immigration detention accommodation”, 3 March 2011,  www.minister.immi.gov.au/media/cb/2011/cb159679.htm.

[97]       The Hon. Chris Bowen MP, “New short-term detention centre in Tasmania”, 5 April 2011 www.minister.immi.gov.au/media/cb/2011/cb163979.htm.

[98]       Hawke & Williams, p. 4.

[99]       Serco Demand Predictors, provided to Committee on 18 November 2011, q 309 – 314.

[100]      DIAC, Immigration Detention Statistics Summary, answers to questions on notice, q 2, received on 10 August 2011.

[101]      Hawke & Williams, p. 46.

[103]      Hawke & Williams, p. 36.

[104]      Hawke & Williams, p. 37.

[105]      Mackin, J. Assistant Secretary, Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Committee Hansard, Christmas Island, 6 September 2011, p. 42.

[106]      DIAC, answers to questions on notice, q 23, received 15 August 2011.

[107]      Metcalfe, A. Secretary Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 16 August 2011, p. 5.

[110]      The Hon Chris Bowen MP, “Additional Immigration Detention Accommodation”, Press Release, 17 September 2010, www.chrisbowen.net/media-centre/media-releases.do?newsId=3710.

[111]      Serco Centre Security Risk Assessment, North West Point, p. 3, in Hawke Williams, p. 112.

[112]      Hawke &Williams, p. 45.

[113]      Mackin, J. Assistant Secretary, Department of Immigration and Citizenship 2011, Committee Hansard, Christmas Island, 6 September 2011, p. 43.

[114]      Prendergast, F. Assistant Commissioner, Australian Federal Police, Committee Hansard, Christmas Island, 6 September 2011, p. 57.

[115]      Mackin, J. Assistant Secretary, Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Committee Hansard, Christmas Island, 6 September 2011, p. 43.

[116]      Comcare, Investigation Report EVE0020547, 21 July 2011.

[118]      Hawke & Williams, p. 7.

[119]      Hawke & Williams, page 7.

[120]      The Hon Chris Bowen MP, Interview with Ray Hadley, 2GB Mornings 4 May 2011 www.chrisbowen.net/media-centre/transcripts.do?newsId=4442.

[121]      DIAC answers to questions on notice, q.175, 8 December 2011.

[122]      Hawke & Williams, page 66.

[125]      Additional Senate Estimates Hearing, Legal and Constitutional Affairs Committee, Evidence from Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Canberra, 13 February 2012.

[126]      Hawke,  A. & Williams, H., Committee Hansard, Canberra, 29 February 2012, p. 9.

[128]      Mennilli, F. Assistant Commissioner New South Wales Police, Committee Hansard, Sydney, 5 October 2011, p. 29.

[129]      Mennilli, F. Assistant Commissioner New South Wales Police, Committee Hansard, Sydney, 5 October 2011, p. 28.

[130]      Mennilli, F. Assistant Commissioner New South Wales Police, Committee Hansard, Sydney, 5 October 2011, p. 34.

[131]      Colvin, A. Deputy Commissioner of Operations, Australian Federal Police, Additional Estimates, Legal and Constitutional Affairs Committee, 14 February 2012.

[132]      Mennilli, F. Assistant Commissioner New South Wales Police, Committee Hansard, Sydney, 5 October 2011, p. 30.

[133]      Hayes, J. Serco Regional Manager, Northern Immigration Detention Centre, Committee Hansard, Sydney, 5 October 2011, p. 70.

[134]      Hayes, J. Serco Regional Manager, Northern Immigration Detention Centre, Committee Hansard, Sydney, 5 October 2011, p. 70.

[135] Hayes, J. Serco Regional Manager, Northern Immigration Detention Centre, Committee Hansard, Sydney , 5 October 2011, p. 71.

[136] Murray, C., Australian Federal Police, Committee Hansard, Sydney, 5 October 2011 p. 39.

[137] Manning, C., Serco Managing Director, Committee Hansard, Sydney, 5 October 2011, p. 71.

[138]      Mennilli, F. Assistant Commissioner New South Wales Police , Committee Hansard, Sydney, 5 October 2011, p. 31.

[139]      Mennilli, F. Assistant Commissioner New South Wales Police, Committee Hansard, Sydney, 5 October 2011, p. 32.

[140]   Moorhouse, J. Deputy Secretary, DIAC, Budget Estimates, Senate Legal and Constitutional Affairs Committee, 24 May 2011; Rehn, A. & Jones, G., Villawood riot’s soapbox solution, the Daily Telegraph, 25 May 2011.

[141]      “Rooftop protest ends at Minister’s office”, Sydney Morning Herald, 29 April 2011.

[142]      Mennilli, F. Assistant Commissioner New South Wales Police, Committee Hansard, Sydney, 5 October 2011, p. 33.

[143]      Manning, C. Serco Managing Director, Committee Hansard, Sydney, 5 October 2011, p. 71.

[144]      DIAC, answers to questions on notice, q 24 and q 30, received 16 August 2011.

[145]      DIAC, answers to questions on notice, q 24 and q 30, received on 16 August 2011.

[146]      Moorhouse, J. Deputy Secretary, DIAC, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 9 December 2011, p. 33.

[147]      Comcare, Investigation Report EVE0020547, 21 July 2011, p. 3.

[148]      Comcare, Investigation Report EVE0020547, 21 July 2011, p. 4.

[149]      Comcare, Investigation Report EVE0020547, 21 July 2011, p. 6.

[150]      Comcare, Investigation Report EVE0020547, 21 July 2011, pp 6, 7.

[151]      Hawke & Williams, p. 54.

[152]      Hawke & Williams, p. 57.

[153]      Hawke & Williams, p. 57.

[154]      Hawke & Williams, p. 58.

[155]      Hawke & Williams, p. 59.

[156]      Hawke & Williams, p. 60.

[157]      Hawke & Williams, p. 63.

[158]      Hawke & Williams, p. 70.

[159]      Hawke & Williams, p. 71.

[160]      Hawke & Williams, p. 71.

[161]      Hawke & Williams, p. 72.

[162]      Hawke & Williams, p. 72.

[163]      Hawke & Williams, p. 74.

[164]      DIAC, answers to questions on notice, q 15, received 10 August 2011.

[165]   McElrea, D. National Office Director, United Voice, Committee Hansard, Sydney, 5 October 2011, p. 46.

[166]      Comcare, Investigation Report EVE0020547, 21 July 2011 p. 4.

[167]      Towle, Mr Richard, Regional Representative United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Committee  Hansard, Canberra, 22 November 2011, p. 11.

[168]      Towle, Mr Richard, Regional Representative United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Committee Hansard, Canberra, 22 November 2011, p. 12.

[169]      DIAC, Asylum Statistics – Australia Protection Visa Statistics , published September 2011, last accessed 17 November 2011, www.immi.gov.au/media/publications/statistics/asylum/_files/asylum-stats-2010-11-section1.pdf; Phillips, J. & Koleth, E. & Karlsen, E. Seeking Asylum; Australia’s Humanitarian program, Parliamentary Library Social Policy & Law and Bills Digest Sections, 21 January 2011, last accessed 16 November 2011, www.aph.gov.au/library/pubs/bn/sp/SeekingAsylum.htm.

[170]      DIAC, Humanitarian Program Outcomes for 2010-2011, last accessed 16 November 2011,

www.immi.gov.au/media/statistics/pdf/humanitarian-program-outcomes-2010-11.pdf

[171]      Scanlon Foundation Social Cohesion Program, Monash University, Population and Immigration: Refugee Resettlement January 2012 , www.arts.monash.edu.au/mapping-population/--documents/refugee-resettlement-fact-sheet.pdf.

[172]      Richmond, D., Committee Hansard, Canberra, 29 February 2012, p. 14.

[173]      Richmond, D., Committee Hansard, Canberra, 29 February 2012, p. 16.

[174]      Richmond, D., Committee Hansard, Canberra, 29 February 2012, p. 18.

[175]      Richmond, D., Review of Humanitarian Settlement Services (HSS) Performance Measures and Contract Management, September 2011, p. 8, publicly released on 13 December 2011 www.immi.gov.au/living-in-australia/settle-in-australia/find-help/hss/review-of-hss-richmond.pdf.

[176]      Richmond, D. Committee Hansard, Canberra, 29 February 2012, p. 15.

ADDITIONAL COMMENTS

[1] 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees; 1967 Protocol Relating to Refugees; 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights; 1984 Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment; 1966 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; and the 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child.

[2] Mr Richard Towle, UNHCR Australia, as quoted in 'Asylum seekers turned off toxic Australia', ABC News Online, Samantha Hawley, 26-27 March 2012.

[3] Immigration Detention Statistics Summary to 29 February 2012, published on Department of Immigration and Citizenship website March 2012.

[4] United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Submission 110, p. 1.

[5] Law Council of Australia, Submission 101, p. 12.

[6] Gilbert & Tobin Centre of Public law, Submission 21, p. 2.

[7] Mr David Manne, Refugee and Immigration Law Centre, Proof Committee Hansard, 11 November 2011, p. 24.

[8] Ms Pamela Curr, Asylum Seeker Resource Centre, Submission 54, p. 3; Ms Tanya Jackson-Vaughan, Refugee Advice and Casework Service, Proof Committee Hansard, 5 October 2011, p. 2; Ms Lucy Morgan of Refugee Council of Australia, Proof Committee Hansard, 5 October 2011, p. 8; The Hon. Catherine Branson, Australian Human Rights Commission, Proof Committee Hansard, 5 October 2011, p. 51; Law Council of Australia, Proof Committee Hansard, 16 August 2011, p. 1; Professor John Langmore, Anglican Public Affairs Commission, Submission 36 p. 2; Oxfam Australia, Submission 132; Northern Territory Legal Aid Commission, Submission 329; Monash Law Students' Society, Submission 148 .

[9] Dr Peter Morris, Australian Medical Association (NT), Proof Committee Hansard, 26 September 2012, p. 9.

[10] Dr Graeme Thom, Amnesty International, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 November 2011, p. 13.

[11] Dr Jon Jureidini, Proof Committee Hansard, 15 November 2011, p. 33.

[12] Refugee Council of Australia; International Refugee and Migration Law Project UNSW, Law Council of Australia, Gilbert and Tobin Centre for Public Law, ChilOut, Castan Centre for Human Rights, Australian Psychological Society, UNHCR, Uniting Church Australia (non-exhaustive list).

[13] Australian Human Rights Commission, Submission 112, p. 17.

[14] Mr Greg Kelly, Detention Operations Division DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 7 September 2011, p. 12. Regarding the difficulties of recruiting teachers see Serco, Question on Notice 14.

[15] Mr Rohan Thwaites, DASSAN, Proof Committee Hansard, 26 September 2011, p. 1.

[16] Professor Jane McAdam, International Migration and Refugee Law Project, Proof Committee Hansard, 5 October 2011 p. 25.

[17] Ms Michelle Dimasi, Asylum Seekers Christmas Island, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 November 2011, p. 31.

[18] Serco, Question on Notice 14.

[19] DIAC Question on Notice 19 received 10 August 2011.

[20] Note that on 9 February 2012 it was announced that Serco (alone) had renegotiated a contract with Department of Immigration worth $1.03 billion over the forward estimates. There have also been contract variations (expansions) with IHMS in 2012 that are not included in this 2011-2012 figure. This figure does not include complete capital works costs.

[21] DIAC Question on Notice 13, p. 2.

[22] Ms Kate Pope, Community Programs and Children Division, DIAC, Senate Estimates Hansard, 13 February 2012, p. 86.

[23] Mr Andrew Metcalfe, Secretary, DIAC, Senate Estimates Hansard, 13 February 2012, p. 86.

[24] Immigration Detention Statistics Summary to 29 February 2012, published on Department of Immigration and Citizenship website March 2012.

[25] Ms Pam Simmons, Children's Commissioners and Guardians, Proof Committee Hansard, 5 November 2011, p. 1; Australian Children’s Commissioners and Guardians, Submission 35, p. 2.

[26] Ms Suzanne Dvorak, Save the Children, Submission 50, p. 2.

[27] Dr Peter Morris, Australian Medical Association (NT), Proof Committee Hansard, 26 September 2011, p. 9.

[28] Ms Kate Gaultier, ChilOut, Submission 49, p. 6.

[29] Refugee Council of Australia, Question on Notice, p. 213.

[30] DIAC, Question on Notice 166, submitted 2 December 2011.

[31] Ms Alexis Apostelellis, Senior Operations Manager, IHMS, Proof Committee Hansard, 26 September 2011, p. 28.

[32] Ms Pam Simmons, Australian Children’s Commissioners and Guardians, Proof Committee Hansard, 5 November 2011, p. 3.

[33] Mr Alan Thornton, Deputy Principal Christmas Island District High School, Proof Committee Hansard, 6 September 2011, p. 4.

[34] Evidence regarding provision of teaching by ESL teacher using tailored ‘materials’ rather than lessons incorporating full curriculum due to unavailability of teachers see; Ms Cheryl Clay, Regional Manager of Serco Immigration Services, Proof Committee Hansard, 5 November 2011, p. 70-71. Also the Hon Catherine Branson, AHRC, Proof Committee Hansard, 5 October 2011, p. 57.

[35] DIAC, Question on Notice 101, Question on Notice 102, submitted 29 September 2011.

[36] The Hon. Catherine Branson, Australian Human Rights Commission, Proof Committee Hansard, 5 October 2011, p. 52.

[37] Mr Greg Kelly, Detention Operations Division, DIAC, Proof Committee Hansard, 26 September 2011,p. 64; and Ms Alison Hanley, Northern Territory Legal Aid, Proof Committee Hansard, 26 September 2011, p. 35.

[38] Including but not limited to Refugee and Immigration Legal Centre, Liberty Victoria, ChilOut, Australian Lawyer's Alliance, Amnesty International, AHRC.

[39] DIAC Question on Notice 41.

[40] Dr Jon Jureidini, Proof Committee Hansard, 15 November 2011, p. 32.

[41] Dr Bruce Gynther, Proof Committee Hansard, 2 December 2011, p. 1.

[42] DIAC, Question on Notice 58.

[43] Dr Dick Hooper, IHMS, Proof Committee Hansard, 5 October 2011, p. 61.

[44] DIAC Question on Notice 197

[45] Dr Dick Hooper, Regional Medical Director, IHMS, Proof Committee Hansard, 5 October 2011, p. 66.

[46] Mr Richard Towle, United Nations High Commission for Refugees, Proof Committee Hansard, 16 August 2011.

[47] Mr Richard Towle, United Nations High Commission for Refugees, Proof Committee Hansard, 16 August    2011, p. 10.

[48] Mr Paris Aristotle, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 November 2011, p. 37.

[49] Mr Paris Aristotle, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 November 2011, p. 36.

[50] The Hon. Catherine Branson, AHRC, Proof Committee Hansard, 5 October 2011, p. 52.

[51] Ms Lucy Morgan, Refugee Council of Australia, Proof Committee Hansard, 5 October 2011, p. 11.

[52] Ms Pam Curr, ASRC, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 November 2011.

[53] Ms Alice Noda, Gilbert & Tobin Centre for Public Law, Proof Committee Hansard, 5 October 2011p. 25.

[54] Immigration Department and Citizenship, Nation Building Annual Report, 2010-11, p. 119.

[55] Immigration Department and Citizenship, Nation Building Annual Report, 2010-11.