Footnotes

[1] OECD, 'China's Governance in Transition', Policy Brief, September 2005.

[2] See chapter 7, paragraph 7.61.

[3] See 'China Profile: Assisting Australian exporters', Austrade, http://www.austrade.gov.au/australia/layout/0,,0_S2-1_CLNTXID0019-2_-3_PWB156799-4_doingbusiness-5_-6_-7_,00.html.

[4] AustCham Beijing, 2004 Business Issues Paper, p. 14.

[5] Australian Pork Limited, Submission to the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Joint Feasibility Study', 18 June 2004, p. 4.

[6] Dairy Australia, Australian Dairy Industry Submission to the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Joint Feasibility Study', June 2004, p. 12, http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/china/fta/submissions/cfta_submission_2ag14.pdf.

[7] M. Feil 'Australian entre on Chinese menu', the Age, 5 September 2005, p. 6.

[8] See chapters 3 and 6, paragraphs 3.21, 3.23, 6.60 and 6.62.

[9] Australia–China Business Council, Submission P40, p. 15. See also T. Sutherland, 'Policy needed for China FTA', Australian Financial Review, 15 April 2005, p. 22.

[10] Submission P36, p. 2; Submission P40, p. 15.

[11] 'Research and Experimental Development, Businesses', Australian Bureau of Statistics, Cat. No. 8104.0, 2003–04, p. 6, http://www.ausstats.abs.gov.au/Ausstats/subscriber.nsf/Lookup/76F4C63E4C74ABC0CA25708900805B84/$File/81040_2003-04.pdf.

[12] P. Roberts, 'Make or break: why manufacturers are doing it tough', Australian Financial Review, 28 September 2005, p. 1.

[13] Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 11.

[14] Chanticleer, 'Big opportunities, but be patient', Australian Financial Review, 22 September 2005, p. 64.

[15] Chanticleer, 'Big opportunities, but be patient', Australian Financial Review, 22 September 2005, p. 64.

[16] M. Vaile, 'Europe's hurting the poor', the Australian, 25 November 2005, p. 12.

[17] J. Robertson, 'Cancun to Hong Kong: Prospects for the WTO', Research Note, Parliamentary Library, 10 October 2005, p. 1.

[18] Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Joint Feasibility Study', March 2005, p. 134.

[19] Amnesty International Report 2005, http://web.amnesty.org/report2005/chn-summary-eng 9 August 2005.

[20] Amnesty International Report 2005, http://web.amnesty.org/report2005/chn-summary-eng 9 August 2005. It should be noted that this same report criticised Australia stating that the rights of indigenous Australians remained a concern and that measures to combat 'terrorism' led to legislative amendments with implications for civil rights. it also noted that 'limited options for permanent residency were introduced, although thousands of refugees remained in limbo' and 'refugee families were kept separate by the government's policy of mandatory and indefinite detention'.

[21] S. Morgan, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, pp. 6–7.

[22] For example, the Joint committee recommended that the Minister for Foreign Affairs table an annual statement on the dialogues in Parliament. It also recommended that DFAT, Ausaid and the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission (HREOC) make more effective use of their websites to convey up–to–date information on the dialogues.

[23] Amnesty International, Fundamental Rights at Work, Amnesty's International Concerns to the International Labour Conference (4–20 June 2002), Amnesty International Report, 2005.

[24] See also 'China's deathtrap mines claim 30 more lives', Australian Financial Review, 10 June 2005, p. 10. This article notes that unofficial sources suggest that as many as 20,000 miners may have died in industrial accidents in 2004.

[25] Journal of the Senate, 13 September 2005, p. 1094.

[26] Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, People's Republic of China Country brief, September 2005, p. 1.

[27] The Hon. Alexander Downer, MP, Minister for Foreign Affairs, Media Release, No. FA123, 30 August 2005.

[28] Wang Zhan and Huang Renwei, 'What will the World Gain from China in Twenty Years?', The China Business Review, March–April 2003. Wang Zhan is President, Shanghai WTO Affairs Consultation Center and Huang Renwei is Director, Pudong Institute for the US Economy.

[29] Wayne M. Morrison, 'China's Economic Conditions', CRS Issue Brief for Congress, 21 September 2000, p. 2; Update, 5 April 2005.

[30] Nicholas R. Lardy, Senior Fellow, Institute for International Economics, Washington, D.C., 'Trade Liberalization and its Role in Chinese Economic Growth', prepared for an International Monetary Fund and National Council of Applied Economic Research Conference, New Delhi, 14–16 November 2003, p. 4.

[31] Submission P19, p. 3. See also OECD, Economic Survey of China 2005: Key challenges for the Chinese economy, http://www.oecd.org/documentprint/0,2744,en_2649_34111_35343687_1_1_1_1,00.h (accessed 19 September 2005).

[32] There are numerous sources quoting figures and commenting on China's rising prominence. See for example, Eswar Prasad and Shang–Jin Wei, 'The Chinese Approach to Capital Inflows: Patterns and Possible Explanations', IMF Working Paper WP/05/79, April 2005, p. 1;
Eswar Prasad (ed.),'China's Growth and Integration into the World Economy: Prospects and Challenges', IMF Occasional Paper 232, 2004, p. 4.

[33] OECD, Economic Survey of China 2005: Key challenges for the Chinese economy, http://www.oecd.org/documentprint/0,2744,en_2649_34111_35343687_1_1_1_1,00.h (accessed 19 September 2005).

[34] The Reserve Bank of Australia records China's GDP growth at 9.5 per cent for 2004 with a predicted 8.4 for 2005. Malcolm Edey, Assistant Governor, Reserve Bank of Australia, 'Notes for a Talk to CEDA/Promina Economic and Political Overview', Sydney, 25 February 2005.
In August 2005, the World Bank Office, Beijing, recorded a stronger than expected 9.5 per cent real GDP growth for the first half of 2005. World Bank Office, Quarterly Update August 2005, p. 3. Numerous commentators have made the point about China's growing importance in the world economy. See for example, Anne O. Krueger, First Deputy Managing Director, International Monetary Fund, Keynote address at the American Enterprise Institute Seminar, Washington, D.C., 10 January 2005;
Thomas Rumbaugh and Nicholas Blancher, 'China: International Trade and WTO Accession', IMF Working Paper WP/04/36, March 2004, p. 3;
Eswar Prasad (ed.), 'China's Growth and Integration into the World Economy: Prospects and Challenges', IMF Occasional Paper 232, 2004, p. 4;
Wayne M. Morrison, 'China's Economic Conditions', CRS Issue Brief for Congress, 21 September 2000, p. 1;
Report on the Work of the Government, delivered by Premier Wen Jiabao at the Third Session of the 10th National People's Congress, 5 March 2005;
ABARE predicts economic growth rates of 8.7 in 2005, before easing to 8.2 per cent in 2006, Australian Commodities: forecasts and issues, vol. 12, no. 2, June quarter 2005, p. 277.

[35] Report on the Implementation of the 2004 Plan for National Economic and Social Development, submitted to the Third Session of the 10th National People's Congress, 5 March 2005.

[36] World Bank Office, Beijing, China Quarterly Update, February 2005, p. 6.

[37] Submission P19, p. 4. The OECD also suggested that China's economic growth 'seems likely to continue at that pace [9½ per cent] for some time'. OECD, Economic Survey of China 2005: Key challenges for the Chinese economy, http://www.oecd.org/documentprint/0,2744,en_2649_34111_35343687_1_1_1_1,00.h (accessed 19 September 2005).

[38] See for example, Eswar Prasad (ed.), 'China's Growth and Integration into the World Economy: Prospects and Challenges', IMF Occasional Paper 232, 2004, p. 1;
Anne O. Krueger, First Deputy Managing Director, International Monetary Fund, Keynote address at the American Enterprise Institute Seminar, Washington, D.C., 10 January 2005, p. 2.

[39] Anne O. Krueger, First Deputy Managing Director, International Monetary Fund, Keynote address at the American Enterprise Institute Seminar, Washington, D.C., 10 January 2005, p. 2.

[40] Eswar Prasad (ed.), 'China's Growth and Integration into the World Economy: Prospects and Challenges', IMF Occasional Paper 232, 2004, p. 1.

[41] Report on the Implementation of the 2004 Plan for National Economic and Social Development, submitted to the Third Session of the 10th National People's Congress, 5 March 2005.

[42] Report on the Work of the Government, delivered by Premier Wen Jiabao at the Third Session of the 10th National People's Congress, 5 March 2005. See also Report on the Implementation of the 2004 Plan for National Economic and Social Development, submitted to the Third Session of the 10th National People's Congress, 5 March 2005. See also National Bureau of Statistics of China, Statistical communiqu of national and social development in 2004.

[43] Report on the Implementation of the 2004 Plan for National Economic and Social Development, submitted to the Third Session of the 10th National People's Congress, 5 March 2005.

[44] Ambassador Fu Ying, Address to the National Press Club, 28 July 2004.

[45] See for example, Wayne M. Morrison, China's Economic Conditions', CRS Issue Brief for Congress, updated 26 May 2005 p. 9.

[46] Report on the Implementation of the 2004 Plan for National Economic and Social Development and on the 2005 Draft Plan for National Economic and Social Development, 16 March 2005.

[47] See Ambassador Fu Ying, Address to the National Press Club, 28 July 2004.

[48] World Bank Office, Beijing, China Quarterly Update, April 2005, p. 2.

[49] World Bank Office, Beijing, China Quarterly Update, February 2005, p. 2.

[50] World Bank Office, Beijing, China Quarterly Update, April 2005, p. 2.

[51] ABARE, Australian Commodities: forecasts and issues, vol. 12, no. 2, June quarter 2005, pp. 271–272.

[52] 'Premier Wen Jiabao's press conference', 14 March 2005.

[53] Report on the Work of the Government, delivered by Premier Wen Jiabao at the Third Session of the 10th National People's Congress, 5 March 2005.

[54] Report on the Work of the Government, delivered by Premier Wen Jiabao at the Third Session of the 10th National People's Congress, 5 March 2005.

[55] 'Premier Wen Jiabao's press conference', 14 March 2005.

[56] Report on the Implementation of the 2004 Plan for National Economic and Social Development and on the 2005 Draft Plan for National Economic and Social Development, 16 March 2005.

[57] Report on the Implementation of the 2004 Plan for National Economic and Social Development and on the 2005 Draft Plan for National Economic and Social Development, 16 March 2005.

[58] Report on the Work of the Government, delivered by Premier Wen Jiabao at the Third Session of the 10th National People's Congress, 5 March 2005.

[59] World Bank Office, Beijing, China Quarterly Update, April 2005, p. 4.

[60] OECD, Economic Survey of China 2005: Key challenges for the Chinese economy, http://www.oecd.org/documentprint/0,2744,en_2649_34111_35343687_1_1_1_1,00.h (accessed 19 September 2005).

[61] Stephen Morgan, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 6. Dr Morgan appeared in a private capacity. He is from the University of Melbourne and is a member of the Department of Management and a research associate of the Australian Centre for International Business.

[62] Stephen Morgan, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 6. He stated: 'We are seeing a new sophisticated group of officials emerging, many of whom trained overseas and many of whom have PhDs from universities in the USA, Europe, Australia and so on who are as competent and confident working in English as they are in Chinese. Those sorts of people are giving governments of the West and businesses of the capitalist world great cause for optimism in terms of managing orderly transition, managing reforms to corporate governance, instituting more effective market framework mechanisms and so on. So on the economic front I am quite optimistic.'

[63] Ambassador Fu Ying, Address to the National Press Club, 28 July 2004. The August 2005 CRS Issue Brief for Congress recorded that China currently has the world's largest mobile phone network and one of the fastest growing markets. In 2002 it replaced Japan as the world's second-largest PC market and the world's second-largest Internet user (after the United States) with almost 94 million users at the end of 2004. Congressional Research Service, CRS Issue Brief for Congress , 'China-Us Trade Issues', Updated 4 August 2005, p. 3.

[64] Ambassador Fu Ying, Address to the National Press Club, 28 July 2004.

[65] Ambassador Fu Ying, Address to the National Press Club, 28 July 2004, p. 15.

[66] Ross Garnaut, Professor of Economics, 'India, China and Australia: Lessons from Different Paths in Economic Reform', The 2004, Sir John Crawford Lecture, National Council of Applied Economic Research, New Delhi, 28 September 2004, p. 17.

[67] D. Goodman, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 54. He stated: 'The Chinese people, Chinese society, have no problem in dealing with the pluralism that is quite clearly on the way. The problem we are facing from the outside now, particularly in government–to–government relations, is that there is an increasing tension between social and economic change in China and the unwillingness of the people who control the Communist Party at the moment to change along with those trends'.

[68] C. Woodard, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 27. He was Australia's Ambassador to China 1976–1980.

[69] C. Woodard, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 29.

[70] R. Davis, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 19.

[71] R. Davis, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 30.

[72] J. Harrowell, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 41.

[73] 'Building harmonious society crucial for China's progress: Hu', People's Daily Online, 27 June 2005.

[74] Ambassador Fu Ying, Address to the National Press Club, 28 July 2004, p. 16.

[75] Report on the Work of the Government, 5 March 2005.

[76] Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 61. Dr Dellios, International Relations Analyst, Centre for East-West Cultural and Economic Studies, Bond University.

[77] Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 61.

[78] Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 65.

[79] Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 45. Mr Little served for 25 years in the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, was taught both Japanese and Chinese in country by the department and who has subsequently regularly participated in conferences in China and elsewhere in East Asia.

[80] See for example Dr Rosita Dellios, Submission P52 and Ambassador Fu Ying, Address to the National Press Club, 28 July 2004. Also see chapter 5, paragraphs 5.9–5.13.

[81] Poverty Statistics in China, Rural Survey Organization of National Bureau of Statistics, China, September 2004, p. 8 and Table 1, p. 9.

[82] Poverty Statistics in China, Rural Survey Organization of National Bureau of Statistics, China, September 2004, p. 8.

[83] Hu Angang, Hu Linlin and Chang Zhixiao, China's economic growth and poverty reduction (1978–2002).

[84] See for example the recent OECD Economic Survey of China. It states that economic change in China has 'delivered higher incomes and a substantial reduction of those living in absolute poverty'. OECD, Economic Survey of China 2005: Key challenges for the Chinese economy, http://oecd.org/documentprint/0,2744,en_2649_34111_35343687_1_1_1,00h
(accessed 19 September 2005).

[85] S. Morgan, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 10.

[86] P. Ranald, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 8. See also Dr Davis who stated: ' You have to bear in mind that you are going from areas like the south-east coastal provinces that are probably at 15, 18 or even 20 per cent growth rates—enormous rates—to the western districts, like Xinjiang, and the north-east provinces, where they are either very poor and backward or they have the old industrial dinosaurs which they are unravelling...We believe that they are probably likely to remain at a six to eight per cent growth rate.' R. Davis, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 21.

[87] J. Harrowell, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 43.

[88] Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 77.

[89] Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 62.

[90] R. Davis, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 21.

[91] Poverty Statistics in China, Rural Survey Organization of National Bureau of Statistics, China, September 2004.

[92] Wen Jiabao, 'Work Hand in Hand for Global Poverty Reduction', Speech, Shanghai Conference on Scaling Up Poverty Reduction, May 2004, p. 2.

[93] 'Premier Wen Jiabao's press conference', 14 March 2005.

[94] 'Building harmonious society crucial for China's progress: Hu', People's Daily Online, 27 June 2005.

[95] Report on the Implementation of the 2004 Plan for National Economic and Social Development and on the 2005 Draft Plan for National Economic and Social Development, 16 March 2005.

[96] R. Davis, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 30.

[97] Poverty Statistics in China, Rural Survey Organization of National Bureau of Statistics, China, September 2004. See also, Dr Rosita Dellios, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 63.

[98] Report on the Implementation of the 2004 Plan for National Economic and Social Development and on the 2005 Draft Plan for National Economic and Social Development, 16 March 2005. Premier Wen informed the National People's Congress in 2005 that the 'development gaps between urban and rural areas and between different regions and the income gap between some members of society are all too wide. Some low-income people lead difficult lives and there are more than a few factors threatening social stability'. Report on the Work of the Government, delivered by Premier Wen Jiabao at the Third Session of the 10th National People's Congress, 5 March 2005.

[99] See also Report on the Implementation of the 2004 Plan for National Economic and Social Development, submitted to the Third Session of the 10th National People's Congress, 5 March 2005.

[100] World Bank Office, Beijing, China Quarterly Update, April 2005, p. 9.

[101] Wayne W. Morrison, 'China's Economic Conditions', CRS Issue Brief for Congress, 26 May 2005.

[102] David Zweig and Bi Jianhai, 'Feeding the Dragon', Australian Financial Review, 9 September 2005.

[103] Australian Commodities: forecasts and issues, vol. 12, no. 2, June quarter 2005, p. 277.

[104] Energy Information Administration, International Energy Outlook 2005, Office of Integrated Analysis and Forecasting, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC, July 2005, p. 67.

[105] R. Davis, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 22.

[106] Report on the Implementation of the 2004 Plan for National Economic and Social Development, submitted to the Third Session of the 10th National People's Congress, 5 March 2005.

[107] Ambassador Fu Ying, Address to the National Press Club, 28 July 2004.

[108] Report on the Implementation of the 2004 Plan for National Economic and Social Development, submitted to the Third Session of the 10th National People's Congress, 5 March 2005.

[109] 'Premier Wen Jiabao's press conference', 14 March 2005.

[110] Report on the Work of the Government, delivered by Premier Wen Jiabao at the Third Session of the 10th National People's Congress, 5 March 2005.

[111] Report on the Work of the Government, delivered by Premier Wen Jiabao at the Third Session of the 10th National People's Congress, 5 March 2005.

[112] Report on the Implementation of the 2004 Plan for National Economic and Social Development and on the 2005 Draft Plan for National Economic and Social Development, 16 March 2005.

[113] OECD, Economic Survey of China 2005: Key challenges for the Chinese economy, http://oecd.org/documentprint/0,2744,en_2649_34111_35343687_1_1_1,00h
(accessed 19 September 2005).

[114] Office of Fossil Energy, An Energy Overview of the People's Republic of China, p. 21, http://wwwfe.doe.gov/international/EastAsia_andOceania.chinover.html
(accessed 23 September 2005). See also chapter 7, paragraphs 7.27–7.28.

[115] Ambassador Fu Ying, Address to the National Press Club, 28 July 2004.

[116] Report on the Work of the Government, delivered by Premier Wen Jiabao at the Third Session of the 10th National People's Congress, 5 March 2005.

[117] 'Premier Wen urges gov't organs to save energy', People's Daily Online, 4 July 2005.

[118] Congressional Research Service, CRS Issue Brief for Congress, China-US Trade Issues, updated 4 August 2005, p. 2. It noted further that the US trade deficit with China in 2004 was 30.6% higher than it was in 2003. Further, that during the first five months of 2005, the US trade deficit with China was 34% higher than the same period in 2004 and averaged $3.6 billion per week. See also Australian Commodities: forecasts and issues, vol. 12, no. 2, June quarter 2005, p. 275.

[119] Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 3.

[120] See also chapter 13, paragraph 13.31–13.32.

[121] See for example, Ambassador Fu Ying, address to the National Press Club, 28 July 2004.

[122] Graeme Thomson, Principal Graeme Thomson and Associates, 'Trade Policy Issues', Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Conference, Sydney, 12–13 August 2004, p. 3.

[123] The instances are too numerous to list here but see for example, Dr Ashton Calvert, Secretary, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Opening Speech, 'Strategic setting: Common future', Australia–China FTA Conference, Sydney, 12–13 August 2004, p. 1.

[124] Australian Bureau of Statistics, Year Book Australia, 2005, International Relations: Australia's bilateral relationships, Catalogue no. 1301.0–2005.

[125] The Hon. Mark Vaile, MP, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Trade, Media Release no. MVT85/2003, 24 October 2003.

[126] Prime Minister of Australia, John Howard, Media Releases, 'Announcement of Free Trade Agreement Negotiations between Australia and China', 18 April 2005.

[127] Australia China Business Council, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 19.

[128] Australian Bureau of Statistics, Year Book Australia, 2003, International Relations: Australia's bilateral relationships, Catalogue no. 1301.0–2003; DFAT Submission P19, p. 6.

[129] Submission P19, p. 6. See also Allan Gyngell, 'Australia's Emerging Global Role', Current History, vol 104, no.680, March 2005, p. 102.

[130] Merchandise Exports and Imports, By country and country group, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Year Book Australia, International accounts and trade; International merchandise trade, Catalogue no. 1301.0–2004, p. 65.

[131] Many commentators remark on this feature of Australia's trading relationship with China. See for example Alan Oxley, Director ITS Global, Melbourne Australia, Chairman, Australian APEC Study Centre, 'Good FTAs should be like share prices—anticipate future developments: Trends in trade and investment between China and Australia', presentation to the China Australia FTA Conference, Sydney, August 2004, p. 7.

[132] See the findings outlined in 'China's Growth and Integration into the World Economy: Prospects and Challenges', Eswar Prasad (ed.), IMF Occasional Paper 232, p. 13.

[133] See for example, Ken Henry, Secretary to the Treasury, 'Australia China Economic Directions—Long Term Trends in the Australian Economy', Australia China Free Trade Agreement Conference, 13–14 August 2004, p. 2.

[134] Submission P19, p. 13.

[135] See for example, Alan Oxley, Director ITS Global, Melbourne Australia, Chairman, Australian APEC Study Centre, 'Good FTAs should be like share prices—anticipate future developments: Trends in trade and investment between China and Australia', presentation to the China Australia FTA Conference, Sydney, August 2004, p. 2.

[136] Merchandise Exports and Imports, By country and country group, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Year Book Australia, International accounts and trade; International merchandise trade, Catalogue no. 1301.0–2004, p. 65

[137] Alan Oxley, Director ITS Global, Melbourne Australia, Chairman, Australian APEC Study Centre, 'Good FTAs should be like share prices—anticipate future developments: Trends in trade and investment between China and Australia', presentation to the China Australia FTA Conference, Sydney, August 2004, p. 1.

[138] Ambassador Fu Ying, address to the National Press Club, 28 July 2004.

[139] Ambassador Fu Ying, address to the National Press Club, 28 July 2004.

[140] J. Harrowell, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 41.

[141] Submission P24, p. 11.

[142] ACIL Tasman, 'The proposed free trade agreement with China—A commentary and some preliminary analysis', a paper prepared for a Conference on Free Trade Agreements in the Asia Pacific Region at the University of Western Australia, p. 5.

[143] Submission P24, p. 4.

[144] Submission P24, p. 4.

[145] Statistics taken from Merchandise Exports and Imports, By country and country group, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Year Book Australia, International accounts and trade; International merchandise trade, Catalogue no. 1301.0–2004, p. 816 and Australian Bureau of Statistics, Year Book Australia, International accounts and trade; International merchandise trade, Catalogue no. 1301.0–2005, p. 834.

[146] Australian Bureau of Statistics, Year Book Australia, International accounts and trade; International merchandise trade, Catalogue no. 1301.0–2004.

[147] Australian Bureau of Statistics, Year Book Australia, International accounts and trade; International merchandise trade, Catalogue no. 1301.0–2004, p. 834.

[148] A number of witnesses also raised concerns about the export of raw materials without value adding to the product in Australia. See paragraphs 6.64–6.66 and 7.34.

[149] Submission P36, p. 10.

[150] Ross Garnaut, 'Breaking the Australian Great Complacency of the Early Twenty First Century', Paper presented at the conference, "Sustaining Prosperity, New Reform Opportunities for Australia", 2005 Economic and Social Outlook Conference, Melbourne Institute and the Australian, Melbourne, 31 March 2005, p. 9.

[151] R. Davis, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 19.

[152] Wayne M. Morrison, 'China's Economic Conditions', CRS Issue Brief for Congress, 21 September 2000, p. 2.

[153] Nicholas R. Lardy, Senior Fellow, Institute for International Economics, Washington, D.C., 'Trade Liberalization and its Role in Chinese Economic Growth', prepared for an International Monetary Fund and National Council of Applied Economic Research Conference, New Delhi, 14–16 November 2003, p. 6.

[154] WTO News, Statement by H.E. Vice Minister LONG Yongtu, Head of the Chinese Delegation, at the eighteenth session of the Working Party on China, 'Meeting of the Working Party on Accession of China', 17 September 2001.

[155] WTO News, Statement by H.E. Vice Minister LONG Yongtu, Head of the Chinese Delegation, at the eighteenth session of the Working Party on China, 'Meeting of the Working Party on Accession of China', 17 September 2001.

[156] '"WTO Negotiation", Tantamount to the "long March": Long Yongtu', People's Daily, 30 November 2001.

[157] Yu Yongding, Director and Senior Fellow, Institute of World Economics and Politics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, 'China's Trade Policy', 31 July 2004, p. 4.

[158] Yu Yongding, Director and Senior Fellow, Institute of World Economics and Politics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, 'China's Trade Policy', 31 July 2004, p. 4.

[159] Submission P24, p. 12.

[160] Submission P19, p. 12.

[161] Submission P63, p. 30.

[162] Annual Report by the Director-General, Overview of Developments in the International Trading Environment, February 2005, p. 11.

[163] Submission P55, p. 3.

[164] Submission P55, p. 12.

[165] Thomas Rumbaugh and Nicholas Blancher, 'China: International Trade and WTO Accession', IMF Working Paper, WP/04/36, March 2004, p. 8.

[166] The WTO's 'Most Favoured Nation' (MFN) principle means that every time a country lowers a trade barrier, it must do so for all its trading partners. In other words, each WTO member treats all the other members equally as 'most-favoured' trading partners. World Trade Organization, 'Understanding the WTO', September 2003, p. 11.

[167] Annual Report by the Director–General, Overview of Developments in the International Trading Environment, February 2005, p. 11.

[168] Thomas Rumbaugh and Nicholas Blancher, 'China: International Trade and WTO Accession', IMF Working Paper, WP/04/36, March 2004, p. 7.

[169] Executive Summary, IMF, Staff report for the 2004 Article IV Consultation, prepared by the Staff Representatives for The Article IV Consultation with the People's Republic of China, 6 July 2004, p. 22.

[170] Report on the Work of the Government, delivered by Premier Wen Jiabao at the Third Session of the 10th National People's Congress, 5 March 2005.

[171] Submission P24, appendix 2, p. 29.

[172] Submission P24, appendix 2, p. 29.

[173] Thomas Rumbaugh and Nicholas Blancher, 'China: International Trade and WTO Accession', IMF Working Paper, WP/04/36, March 2004, p. 7.

[174] Submission P34, p. 8.

[175] Transcript of the Prime Minister the Hon John Howard, MP, Address to the United Nations, New York, 16 September 2005. See also transcript of the Prime Minister, the Hon John Howard, MP, Address to the Asia Society Lunch, The Asia Society, New York City, 12 September 2005.

[176] Transcript of the Prime Minister, the Hon John Howard, MP, Address to the Asia Society Lunch, The Asia Society, New York City, 12 September 2005.

[177] Heather Ridout, 'China—Terms of Engagement', the Sydney Papers, Summer 2005, p. 50.

[178] Submission P19, p. 13.

[179] Submission P19, p. 13.

[180] Claustre Bajona and Tianshu Chu, 'China's WTO Accession and its Effect on State–Owned Enterprises', Economic Series, East–West Center Working Papers, No. 70, April 2004, p. 2.

[181] See for example, Ma Zhengwu, 'Improving Transparency and Standardizing Information: Disclosure is the Social Responsibility of State-owned Enterprises', DCR/ERI-OECD–2005 Policy Dialogue on Corporate Governance in China, 19 May 2005, p. 2.

[182] Graeme Thomson, Principal Graeme Thomson and Associates, 'Trade Policy Issues', Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Conference, Sydney, 12–13 August 2004, p. 7.

[183] Ian McCubbin, Partner, Deacons, 'The legal system and business environment', Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Conference, p. 6.

[184] Submission P40, p. 17.

[185] Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, pp. 91–92. Ms Bath appeared in a private capacity. She is a senior lecturer in law at the Sydney University Faculty of Law and Director of the Centre for Asian and Pacific Law at Sydney University

[186] 'Premier Wen Jiabao's press conference', 14 March 2005.

[187] OECD, Building Partnerships for Progress, 'Policy Dialogue with China'.

[188] Report on the Work over the Government, 15 March 2005.

[189] Ma Zhengwu, 'Improving Transparency and Standardizing Information: Disclosure is the Social Responsibility of State–Owned Enterprises', DRC/ERI-OECD 2005 Policy Dialogue on Corporate Governance in China, Beijing, 19 May 2005, p. 2. Mr Ma is Chairman and CEO of one of the seven pilot enterprises in which the SASAC is setting up boards.

[190] A recent study concluded that 'the protection of shareholder rights is poor, insider trading is rampant, and the listed companies do not take shareholder value maximization as their primary goal, in practice', Qiao Liu, Corporate Governance in China: Current Practices, Economic Effects, and Institutional Determinants, Draft, 9 May 2005, pp. 11–12.

[191] Qiao Liu, Corporate Governance in China: Current Practices, Economic Effects, and Institutional Determinants, Draft, 19 July 2005, p. 2.

[192] Report on the Work of the Government, delivered by Premier Wen Jiabao at the Third Session of the 10th National People's Congress, 5 March 2005.

[193] Zhou Xiaochuan, Governor of the People's Bank of China, 'Improve corporate governance and develop capital market', Speech at the Euromoney 'China Forum: Capital Market and Corporate Governance', Beijing, 1 December 2004, p. 1.

[194] Report on the Work of the Government, 15 March 2005.

[195] Submission P24, p. 12.

[196] Submission P24, p. 13.

[197] Transcript of an IMF Economic Forum, 'China in the Global Economy: Prospects and Challenges', Washington, D.C., 19 October 2004, p. 5.

[198] Transcript of an IMF Economic Forum, 'China in the Global Economy: Prospects and Challenges', Washington, D.C., 19 October 2004, p. 5.

[199] Transcript of an IMF Economic Forum, 'China in the Global Economy: Prospects and Challenges', Washington, D.C., 19 October 2004, p. 9.

[200] Transcript of an IMF Economic Forum, 'China in the Global Economy: Prospects and Challenges', Washington, D.C., 19 October 2004, p. 12.

[201] Dr Stephen Roach, Chief Economist and Managing Director, Morgan Stanley, Transcript of an IMF Economic Forum, 'China in the Global Economy: Prospects and Challenges', Washington, D.C., 19 October 2004, p. 14.

[202] OECD, China in the Global Economy: Governance in China, OECD Publishing, Paris, September 2005, p. 127.

[203] Yan Sun, Professor of Political Science, City University of New York, Queens College and the Graduate Centre, 'The Corruption, Growth, and Reform: The Chinese Enigma', Current History, September 2005, p. 257.

[204] OECD, 'China's Governance in Transition', Policy Brief, September 2005.

[205] 'ADB/OECD Anti–corruption Initiative for Asia and the Pacific', 5^th regional anti-corruption conference, Beijing, 30 September 2005.

[206] 'ADB/OECD Anti–corruption Initiative for Asia and the Pacific', 5^th regional anti-corruption conference, Beijing, 30 September 2005.

[207] S. Morgan, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 11.

[208] Submission P34, p. 8.

[209] Submission P40, p. 16.

[210] Submission P40, p. 16.

[211] See for example a report by the Parliamentary Joint Committee on Corporations and Financial Services, CLERP (Audit Reform and Corporate Disclosure) Bill 2003, Part 1 and Part 2, June 2004.

[212] Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 94.

[213] Report on the Work of the Government delivered by Premier Zhu Rongji at the First Session of the 10th National People's Congress, 5 March 2003.

[214] Submission P24, p. 11.

[215] Submission P24, p. 11.

[216] Submission P24, p. 12.

[217] Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 86.

[218] Submission P40, p. 15.

[219] Submission P 40, pp. 17–18.

[220] Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 3. Mr Satchwell is an executive member of the board of the ACBC Western Australia and also Executive Director of ACIL Tasman and head of ACIL Tasman’s practices in Western Australia and China.

[221] Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 3. Mr Calder is a Council Member, Australia China Business Council, Western Australian Branch; and National Chairman, China Business Practice, KPMG.

[222] Submission P 40, pp. 17–18.

[223] See for example, Ian Satchwell, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 3 and Vivienne Bath, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, pp. 86–87.

[224] See for example, Ian Satchwell, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, pp. 4–8 and Australia China Business Council, Submission P40, p. 30. See also chapter 8, paragraphs 8.51–8.54.

[225] Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, pp. 91–92.

[226] Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 87.

[227] Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 3.

[228] Transcript of an IMF Economic Forum, 'China in the Global Economy: Prospects and Challenges', Washington, D.C., 19 October 2004, p. 9.

[229] Submission P24, appendix 2, p. 30.

[230] Graeme Thomson, Principal Graeme Thomson and Associates, 'Trade Policy Issues', Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Conference, Sydney, 12–13 August 2004, p. 7.

[231] Ian McCubbin, Partner, Deacons, 'The legal system and business environment', Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Conference, p. 6.

[232] Ian McCubbin, Partner, Deacons, 'The legal system and business environment', Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Conference, p. 2.

[233] Submission P40, p. 16.

[234] Submission P40, p. 16.

[235] R. Davis, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, pp. 22–23.

[236] Committee Hansard, 21 June 2005, p. 53.

[237] See for example, United States Trade Representative, 2004 Report to Congress on China's WTO Compliance, 11 December 2004, p. 5.

[238] United States Trade Representative, 2004 Report to Congress on China's WTO Compliance, 11 December 2004, p. 5.

[239] As well as examples given in this section see chapter 6, paragraphs 6.46 and 6.47.

[240] Ian Heath, 'A perspective on Intellectual Property Protection in China', Growth, Melbourne, no. 55, May 2005, p. 74.

[241] Committee Hansard, 21 June 2005, p. 52.

[242] Submission P40, p. 16.

[243] Submission P40, p. 17.

[244] Submission P63, p. 28.

[245] Submission P63, p. 28.

[246] Submission P63, p. 28.

[247] R. Davis, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, pp. 22–23.

[248] R. Davis, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 23.

[249] Submission P62, p. 3.

[250] Submission P62, p. 3.

[251] Australia–China FTA negotiations, Subscriber update, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 1 September 2005, http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/china/fta/050901_subscriber_update.html
(accessed 28 September 2005).

[252] Submission P24, p. 12.

[253] Ian McCubbin, Partner, Deacons, 'The legal system and business environment', Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Conference, p. 3.

[254] See V. Bath, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 86.

[255] Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 87.

[256] Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 87.

[257] Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, pp. 100–101.

[258] S. Morgan, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 9.

[259] J. Jacobs, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 50. Professor Jacobs is Professor of Asian Languages and Studies at Monash University and also Director of the Taiwan Research Unit. He appeared in a private capacity.

[260] Anne O. Krueger, First Deputy Managing Director, International Monetary Fund, Keynote address at the American Enterprise Institute Seminar, Washington, D.C., 10 January 2005, p. 7.

[261] Submission P19, p. 13.

[262] See 'A survey of business in China', the Economist, 20 March 2004.

[263] Thomas Rumbaugh and Nicholas Blancher, 'China: International Trade and WTO Accession', IMF Working Paper, WP/04/36, March 2004, p. 10.

[264] Mary Amiti and Beata Smarzynska Javorcki, 'Trade Costs and Location of Foreign Firms in China', IMF Working Paper, WP/05/55, March 2005, p. 4. See also Steven Macmillan, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 12.

[265] Mary Amiti and Beata Smarzynska Javorcki, 'Trade Costs and Location of Foreign Firms in China', IMF Working Paper, WP/05/55, March 2005, p. 4. See also S. Macmillan, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 12.

[266] See also chapter 5, paragraphs 5.58–5.59

[267] V. Kelly, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 20.

[268] Australia China Business Council, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 16.

[269] Submission P24, p. 6.

[270] S. Macmillan, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 13.

[271] C. Woodard, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 26.

[272] Submission P40, pp. 17–18.

[273] P. Ranald, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 4.

[274] See 'China Profile: Assisting Australian exporters', Austrade, http://www.austrade.gov.au/australia/layout/0,,0_S2-1_CLNTXID0019-2_-3_PWB156799-4_doingbusiness-5_-6_-7_,00.html.

[275] AustCham Beijing, 2004 Business Issues Paper, p. 14.

[276] Information taken from table in BRW, 17–23 March 2005.

[277] Ministry of Commerce, People's Republic of China, Foreign Market Access Report, 2005, pp. 23–34.

[278] Ministry of Commerce, People's Republic of China, Foreign Market Access Report, 2005, pp. 26–27.

[279] Ministry of Commerce, People's Republic of China, Foreign Market Access Report, 2005, pp. 29–30.

[280] A holding order is an administrative mechanism ensuring future shipments of a failed food from a particular source are referred to the Imported Food Program and inspected at a higher rate than foods in the same category.

[281] Ministry of Commerce, People's Republic of China, Foreign Market Access Report, 2005, pp. 23–34.

[282] I. Roberts and N. Andrews, 'Developments in Chinese Agriculture', Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics, July 2005, p. iii.

[283] I. Roberts and N. Andrews, 'Developments in Chinese Agriculture', Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics, July 2005, p. 6.

[284] I. Roberts and N. Andrews, 'Developments in Chinese Agriculture', Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics, July 2005, p. 5.

[285] I. Roberts and N. Andrews, 'Developments in Chinese Agriculture', Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics, July 2005, p. 5.

[286] See P. Gallagher, 'Agriculture in an Australia–China FTA', 10 August 2004, p. 3. A ratio of 1.0 means China's share of global output of that product is equal to its share in global population.

[287] I. Roberts and N. Andrews, 'Developments in Chinese Agriculture', Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics, July 2005, p. 16.

[288] J. Wenran, 'Big trouble in rural China', Australian Financial Review, 23 April 2004, p. 11.

[289] See also Chapter 2, paragraphs 2.39–2.48.

[290] J. Wenran, 'Big trouble in rural China', Australian Financial Review, 23 April 2004, p. 11.

[291] J. Wenran, 'Big trouble in rural China', Australian Financial Review, 23 April 2004, p. 11.

[292] R. Spencer, 'Expose of poverty in China shames regime', News Telegraph, 25 February 2004, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2004/02/25/wchina25.xml&sSheet=/news/2004/02/25/ixworld.html (accessed 6 September 2005).

[293] R. Spencer, 'Expose of poverty in China shames regime', News Telegraph, 25 February 2004.

[294] Xing Qinjiao, 'Agricultural tax to be scrapped from 2006', China Daily, 3 June 2005.

[295] Xing Qinjiao, 'Agricultural tax to be scrapped from 2006', China Daily, 3 June 2005.

[296] I. Roberts and N. Andrews, 'Developments in Chinese Agriculture', Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics, July 2005, p. 16.

[297] J. Wenran, 'Big trouble in rural China', Australian Financial Review, 23 April 2004, p. 11.

[298] M. Dwyer, 'A moving experience', Australian Financial Review, 10 August 2001.

[299] C. Ryan, 'WTO quantifies China's economic role', Australian Financial Review, 23 February 2005, p. 12.

[300] M. Dwyer, 'A moving experience', Australian Financial Review, 10 August 2001.

[301] P. Gallagher, 'Agriculture in an Australia–China FTA', 10 August 2004, p. 7.

[302] I. Roberts and N. Andrews, 'Developments in Chinese Agriculture', Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics, July 2005, p. 16.

[303] I. Roberts and N. Andrews, 'Developments in Chinese Agriculture', Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics, July 2005, p. 21.

[304] Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Opening Statement, Committee Hansard, 20 June 2005, p. 2.

[305] Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Opening Statement, Committee Hansard, 20 June 2005, p. 2.

[306] Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Joint Feasibility Study', March 2005, p. 19.

[307] P. Gallagher, 'Agriculture in an Australia–China FTA', 10 August 2004, p. 4. Mr Gallagher established Inquit Communications in 1996 as a consultancy providing advice to the WTO on international trade and public policy matters.

[308] Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Submission P41, p. 2.

[309] B. Fargher, National Farmers' Federation, Committee Hansard, 22 June 2005, p. 14.

[310] DFAT Briefing Materials, 'Bilateral trade and investment', June 2005.

[311] DFAT Briefing Materials, 'Bilateral trade and investment', June 2005.

[312] DFAT Briefing Materials, 'Bilateral trade and investment', June 2005.

[313] Submission P41, p.15. See also, Australian Wool Limited Submission to the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Joint Feasibility Study', June 2004, p. 15 (Table 9).

[314] Australian Wool Limited, Submission to the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Joint Feasibility Study', June 2004, p. 15, http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/china/fta/submissions/cfta_submission_2ag17.pdf (accessed 6 October 2005).

[315] Australian Wool Limited, Submission to the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Joint Feasibility Study', June 2004, p. 15, http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/china/fta/submissions/cfta_submission_2ag17.pdf (accessed 6 October 2005).

[316] Australian Wool Innovation, Economic benefits for Australian wool trade from a China free trade agreement, Prepared by ITS Global, p. 7, http://www.wool.com.au/attachments/Trade_Markets/AWI_China_FTA_Report.pdf (accessed 20 October 2005).

[317] Australian Wool Innovation, Economic benefits for Australian wool trade from a China free trade agreement, Prepared by ITS Global, p. 7, http://www.wool.com.au/attachments/Trade_Markets/AWI_China_FTA_Report.pdf (accessed 20 October 2005).

[318] Australian Wool Limited, Submission to the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Joint Feasibility Study', June 2004, p. 15.

[319] Australian Wool Innovation, Economic benefits for Australian wool trade from a China free trade agreement, Prepared by ITS Global, p. 8, http://www.wool.com.au/attachments/Trade_Markets/AWI_China_FTA_Report.pdf (accessed 20 October 2005). See also J. Breusch, 'Producers' spin for China', Australian Financial Review, 11 October 2005, p. 11.

[320] Australian Wool Limited, Submission to the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Joint Feasibility Study', June 2004, p. 11.

[321] Australian Wool Innovation, Economic benefits for Australian wool trade from a China free trade agreement, Prepared by ITS Global, p. 14, http://www.wool.com.au/attachments/Trade_Markets/AWI_China_FTA_Report.pdf (accessed 20 October 2005).

[322] C. Burns, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Committee Hansard, 20 June 2005, p. 4.

[323] P. Morris, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Committee Hansard, 20 June 2005, p. 4.

[324] P. Morris, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Committee Hansard, 20 June 2005, p. 4.

[325] Australian Wool Innovation Limited, Submission to the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Joint Feasibility Study', June 2004, pp. 7 and 23, http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/china/fta/submissions/cfta_submission_2ag17.pdf
(accessed 28 September 2005).

[326] Submission P41, p. 8.

[327] Submission P41, p. 8.

[328] DFAT Briefing Materials, 'Bilateral trade and investment', June 2005.

[329] In July 2005 the People's Bank of China pegged the yuan to a basket of foreign currencies and strengthened its value by 2.1 per cent—from 8.27 yuan to the US dollar to 8.11.

[330] T. Lee, 'Chinese revaluation strengthens case for takeover: cotton boss', Australian Financial Review, 26 July 2005, p. 17.

[331] Submission P41, p. 8.

[332] Submission P41, p. 8.

[333] Department of Premier and Cabinet, Government of Western Australia, Submission P45, p. 29.

[334] Department of Premier and Cabinet, Government of Western Australia, Submission P45, p. 31.

[335] V. Kelly, Western Australian Department of Agriculture, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 25.

[336] See The Hon. W. Truss, 'Australia and China sign new protocol for wheat and barley exports', Media Release, 24 October 2003, http://www.maff.gov.au/releases/03/03300wt.html
(accessed 1 October 2005).

[337] Dairy Australia, Australian Dairy Industry Submission to the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Joint Feasibility Study', June 2004, p. 3, http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/china/fta/submissions/cfta_submission_2ag14.pdf
(accessed 31 August 2005).

[338] Whey is a by-product of cheese production. Dairy Australia predicts that whey powder will be replaced gradually by more specialised milk powders as incomes rise.

[339] Dairy Australia, Australian Dairy Industry Submission to the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Joint Feasibility Study', p. 11.

[340] Dairy Australia, Australian Dairy Industry Submission to the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Joint Feasibility Study', p. 12.

[341] Australian Pork Limited, Submission to the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Joint Feasibility Study', 18 June 2004, p. 4.

[342] Australian Pork Limited, Submission to the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Joint Feasibility Study',18 June 2004, p. 4.

[343] Australian Food and Grocery Council, Submission to the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Joint Feasibility Study', June 2004, p. 3.

[344] Australian Food and Grocery Council, Submission to the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Joint Feasibility Study', June 2004, p. 4.

[345] C. Ryan, 'Rise of the big spenders', Australian Financial Review, 25 October 2005, p. 60.

[346] P. Morris, Committee Hansard, 20 June 2005, p. 2.

[347] P. Morris, Committee Hansard, 20 June 2005, p. 2.

[348] P. Morris, Committee Hansard, 20 June 2005, p. 2.

[349] This MOU was signed with China's General Administration of Quality Supervision Inspection and Quarantine.

[350] See Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, 'Background on ACACA', http://www.daff.gov.au/content/output.cfm?ObjectID=D2C48F86-BA1A-11A1-A2200060B0A04223 (accessed 2 September 2005).

[351] A list of existing bilateral trade and economic agreements across all portfolios can be found at http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/china/fta/feasibility_annexes.pdf (accessed 1 October 2005).

[352] See The Hon. W. Truss, 'Australia and China to co–operate on water resource management', Media Release, 24 October 2003, http://www.maff.gov.au/releases/03/03301wt.html
(accessed 2 September 2005).

[353] Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, 'China—Country Profile', p. 11 http://www.aciar.gov.au/web.nsf/att/ACIA-672VCD/$file/ACIAR%20China%20profile%2022Oct04.pdf

[354] See J. Breusch, 'Producers' spin for China', Australian Financial Review, 11 October 2005, p. 11.

[355] R. J. Quirk Consulting, Submission to the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Joint Feasibility Study', 15 June 2004, p. 2.

[356] P. Hunt, 'Anger over China's fruit import rules', Weekly Times, 10 August 2005, p. 10.

[357] P. Hunt, 'Anger over China's fruit import rules', Weekly Times, 10 August 2005, p. 10.

[358] P. Morris, Committee Hansard, 20 June 2005, p. 7.

[359] J. Tesoriero, Murray Valley Citrus Marketing Board, Submission to the Joint FTA Feasibility Study, 30 June 2004.

[360] P. Morris, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 20 June 2005, p. 8.

[361] P. Morris, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 20 June 2005, p. 9.

[362] S. Macmillan, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 13.

[363] Chapter 4, paragraphs 4.78–4.89.

[364] 'Growers in food label win', Hobart Mercury, 29 October 2005, p. 10.

[365] J. Durie, 'Chanticleer in China', Australian Financial Review, 24 September 2005, p. 64.

[366] J. Wong and S. Chan, 'China's emergence as a global manufacturing centre: Implications for ASEAN', Asia Pacific Business Review, Vol. 9, No. 1, Autumn 2002, p. 80.

[367] 'Brief on China's imports and exports', Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China, http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle/statistic/ie/200503/20050300025384.html
(accessed 7 September 2005).

[368] J. Wong and S. Chan, 'China's emergence as a global manufacturing centre: Implications for ASEAN', Asia Pacific Business Review, Vol. 9, No. 1, Autumn 2002, p. 83.

[369] J. Wong and S. Chan, 'China's emergence as a global manufacturing centre: Implications for ASEAN', Asia Pacific Business Review, Vol. 9, No. 1, Autumn 2002, p. 81.

[370] The 1996 Senate Committee report into Australia–China relations noted that 'in recent years', TCFs had declined as a share of total Chinese imports to Australia from 60 per cent to 40 per cent. 'Australia China relations', Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade References Committee, June 1996, p. 129.

[371] China Customs Information Network, 'China's 20 major export products and top 5 trade countries', http://english.china-customs.com/customs-statistic/ (accessed 13 September 2005).

[372] J. Wong and S. Chan, 'China's emergence as a global manufacturing centre: Implications for ASEAN', Asia Pacific Business Review, Vol. 9, No. 1, Autumn 2002, p. 85.

[373] OECD, Recent trends and developments in foreign direct investment, 1995, p. 10, http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/13/62/35032229.pdf (accessed 13 September 2005).

[374] OECD, Recent trends and developments in foreign direct investment, 1995, p. 3, http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/13/62/35032229.pdf (accessed 13 September 2005).

[375] OECD, Recent trends and developments in foreign direct investment, 1995, http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/13/62/35032229.pdf (accessed 13 September 2005). 'Round-tripping' refers to capital flight out of a country, and then foreign direct investment back in.

[376] Australian Chief Executive, 'China's industrial rise: East Asia's challenge', CEDA, November 2003, p. 36.

[377] Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, China's Industrial Rise: East Asia's Challenge, Economic Analytical Unit, Canberra, October 2003, p. x.

[378] J. Wong and S. Chan, 'China's emergence as a global manufacturing centre: Implications for ASEAN', Asia Pacific Business Review, Vol. 9, No. 1, Autumn 2002, p. 91.

[379] Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, China's Industrial Rise: East Asia's Challenge, Economic Analytical Unit, Canberra, October 2003, p. x.

[380] Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, China's Industrial Rise: East Asia's Challenge, Economic Analytical Unit, Canberra, October 2003, p. xi.

[381] Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, China's Industrial Rise: East Asia's Challenge, Economic Analytical Unit, Canberra, October 2003, p. xi.

[382] Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, China's Industrial Rise: East Asia's Challenge, Economic Analytical Unit, Canberra, October 2003, p. xiv.

[383] ANZ Industry Brief, 'Australia–China Trade: Realizing the potential', 23 April 2004, p. 4, http://www.anz.com/Business/info_centre/economic_commentary/Australia-China_Trade_Brief.pdf (accessed 21 September 2005).

[384] Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Export of Primary and Manufactured Products, Australia 2004', Market Information and Analysis Section, June 2005, p. 9.

[385] Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Export of Primary and Manufactured Products, Australia 2004', Market Information and Analysis Section, June 2005, p. 9.

[386] Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Export of Primary and Manufactured Products, Australia 2004', Market Information and Analysis Section, June 2005, p. 89.

[387] Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Export of Primary and Manufactured Products, Australia 2004', Market Information and Analysis Section, June 2005, p. 17, http://www.dfat.gov.au/publications/stats-pubs/pmp_2004_analysis.pdf
(accessed 21 September 2005).

[388] Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Export of Primary and Manufactured Products, Australia 2004', Market Information and Analysis Section, June 2005, p. 100, http://www.dfat.gov.au/publications/stats-pubs/pmp_2004_analysis.pdf
(accessed 21 September 2005).

[389] 'Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Joint Feasibility Study', Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Australia, Ministry of Commerce, Beijing, March 2005, p. 66, http://www.dfat.gov.au/publications/stats-pubs/pmp_2004_analysis.pdf
(accessed 1 October 2005).

[390] Federation of Automotive Products Manufacturers, Submission to the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade 'Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Joint Feasibility Study', June 2004, p. 7, http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/china/fta/submissions/cfta_submission_4ma09.pdf.

[391] China.org.cn, 'China to be the world's third largest car maker', 14 March 2005, http://www.china.org.cn/english/BAT/122783.htm (accessed 13 September 2005).

[392] 'Extinction of the predator', the Economist, 8 September 2005.

[393] See H. McDonald, 'Giant awakes', Sydney Morning Herald, 8 July 2005.

[394] Australian Department of Industry, Tourism and Resources, Committee Hansard, 21 June 2005, p. 33.

[395] J. Gordon, 'Car industry hits 'low-water' mark', the Age, 22 September 2005, p. 1.

[396] Editorial, 'Car industry is finely tuned', Australian Financial Review, 22 September 2005, p. 62.

[397] J. Gordon, 'Car industry hits 'low-water' mark', the Age, 22 September 2005, p. 1.

[398] Australian Department of Industry, Tourism and Resources, Committee Hansard, 21 June 2005, p. 34.

[399] Council of Textile and Fashion Industries of Australia, Submission to the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade 'Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Joint Feasibility Study' 2004, pp. 6–7, http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/china/fta/submissions/cfta_submission_4ma18.pdf (accessed 12 October 2005).

[400] Australian Industry Group, 'Australian Manufacturing and China—Opportunities and Challenges', August 2004, p. 22.

[401] Data supplied to the committee by Mr Lachlan Caddy, Economist, Council of Textile and Fashion Industries of Australia Limited, 12 September 2005.

[402] Data supplied to the committee by Mr Lachlan Caddy, Economist, Council of Textile and Fashion Industries Australia Limited, 12 September 2005.

[403] ANZ Industry Brief, 'China trade—Impact on Australian manufacturing', 10 January 2005, p. 3.

[404] See the Economist, Country Briefings, www.economist.com/countries/ (accessed 19 September 2005).

[405] TFIA, Submission to the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Joint Feasibility Study', http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/china/fta/submissions/cfta_submission_4ma18.pdf
(accessed 19 September 2005).

[406] 'A firm battle to clean up wages in arrears is beginning to see results, Clearing up wages in arrears is not 'blowing up at storm'', New China Net, 21 January 2004, www.sina.com.au (accessed 11 October 2005).

[407] R. Wilson, 'China's cheap fakes driving West up the wall', the Australian, 15 June 2005, p. 17.

[408] R. Wilson, 'China's cheap fakes driving West up the wall', the Australian, 15 June 2005, p. 17.

[409] R. Wilson, 'China's cheap fakes driving West up the wall', the Australian, 15 June 2005, p. 17.

[410] M. Priestley, 'Anti-dumping rules and the Australia–China Free Trade Agreement', Research Note No. 38, Parliamentary Library, 14 March 2005, p. 1.

[411] World Trade Organization, 'Understanding the WTO', September 2003, p. 44.

[412] M. Priestley, 'Anti-dumping rules and the Australia–China Free Trade Agreement', Research Note No. 38, Parliamentary Library, 14 March 2005, p. 1.

[413] F. Brenchley and T. Sutherland, 'Win in dumping fight', Australian Financial Review, 13 May 2005, p. 23.

[414] Australian Industry Group, 'Australian manufacturing and China—Opportunities and challenges', August 2004, p. 19.

[415] Australian Industry Group, 'Australian manufacturing and China—Opportunities and challenges', August 2004, pp. 19–20.

[416] Australian Industry Group, 'Australian manufacturing and China—Opportunities and challenges', August 2004, p. 20.

[417] Australian Industry Group, 'Australian manufacturing and China—Opportunities and challenges', August 2004, p. 21.

[418] See Invest Australia, 'McLanahan sizes up the Asia–Pacific from Australia', http://www.investaustralia.gov.au/media/CS_MA_McLanahan.pdf
(accessed 21 September 2005).

[419] See D. James, 'Strategy in Steel', Business Review Weekly, 22–28 September 2005, p. 44.

[420] I. Porter, 'Smorgon sets sights on Asia', the Age, 27 October 2005, p. 2.

[421] P. Roberts, 'Bright idea puts local minnow in the driving seat', Australian Financial Review, 8 October 2005, p. 18.

[422] J. Gordon, 'Car industry hits 'low-water' mark', the Age, 22 September 2005, p. 1.

[423] ANZ Industry Brief, 'China trade—Impact on Australian manufacturing', 10 January 2005, p. 5.

[424] R. Davis, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 27. His reference to generation level 4 and 7 is explained in the quotation contained in Chapter 4, paragraph 4.67.

[425] See J. Bhagwati, Free Trade Today, Princeton University Press, 2002.

[426] W. Apple, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 69.

[427] E. Murphy, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 71.

[428] D. Cameron, Australian Manufacturing Workers' Union, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 75.

[429] A. Kentish, Australian Manufacturing Workers' Union, Submission P36, p. 9.

[430] A. Kentish, Australian Manufacturing Workers' Union, Submission P36, p. 11.

[431] M. Feil, 'Australian entre on Chinese menu', the Age, 5 September 2005, p. 6.

[432] M. Feil, 'Australian entre on Chinese menu', the Age, 5 September 2005, p. 6.

[433] T. Harcourt, Austrade, Estimates Hansard, 3 November 2005, p. 74.

[434] W. Apple, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 69.

[435] W. Apple, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 69.

[436] AustCham Beijing, 2004 Business Issues Paper, August 2004, p. 8.

[437] AustCham Beijing, 2004 Business Issues Paper, August 2004, p. 8.

[438] D. Cameron, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 48.

[439] ABS Yearbook 2005, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Canberra, ABS Catalogue 1301.0, p. 543.

[440] K. Henry, 'Australia–China economic directions—Long term trends in the Australian economy', Australia–China free trade agreement Conference, Sydney, 12 August 2004, p. 3.

[441] See K. Phillips, 'It's now or never for manufacturing', the Age, 27 May 2005, p. 10.

[442] Allen Consulting, Growing Global Niches: Positioning Victorian ETMs for future export growth, February 2005, p. xiii, http://www.business.vic.gov.au/CA256E36001D1550/WebObj/4F50B616C67064EFCA25705F0002BA7F/$File/ETM%20Final%20Report%2010%2002%2005.pdf
(accessed 27 September 2005).

[443] Australia–China Business Council, Submission P40, p. 15. See also T. Sutherland, 'Policy needed for China FTA', Australian Financial Review, 15 April 2005, p. 22.

[444] P. Roberts, 'R&D spending bounces back', Australian Financial Review, 29 September 2005, p. 8.

[445] 'Research and Experimental Development, Businesses', Australian Bureau of Statistics, Cat. No. 8104.0, 2003–04, p. 6, http://www.ausstats.abs.gov.au/Ausstats/subscriber.nsf/Lookup/76F4C63E4C74ABC0CA25708900805B84/$File/81040_2003-04.pdf

[446] 'Research and Experimental Development, Businesses', Australian Bureau of Statistics, Cat. No. 8104.0, 2003–04, p. 10, http://www.ausstats.abs.gov.au/Ausstats/subscriber.nsf/Lookup/76F4C63E4C74ABC0CA25708900805B84/$File/81040_2003-04.pdf

[447] Allen Consulting, Growing Global Niches: Positioning Victorian ETMs for future export growth, February 2005, p. xv, http://www.business.vic.gov.au/CA256E36001D1550/WebObj/4F50B616C67064EFCA25705F0002BA7F/$File/ETM%20Final%20Report%2010%2002%2005.pdf
(accessed 27 September 2005).

[448] Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 11.

[449] Chanticleer, 'Big opportunities, but be patient', Australian Financial Review, 22 September 2005, p. 64.

[450] Chanticleer, 'Big opportunities, but be patient', Australian Financial Review, 22 September 2005, p. 64.

[451] I. Porter, 'Real deal is in the fine print', the Age, 19 October 2005. p. 8.

[452] The Hon. Ian McFarlane, '$575 million in investment in textile, clothing and footwear sectors', Media Release, 26 April 2005, http://minister.industry.gov.au/index.cfm?event=object.showContent&objectID=7C39B8E0-65BF-4956-BB8B5456D678B6CB (accessed 21 September 2005).

[453] Department of Industry, Tourism and Resources, 'TCF Structural Adjustment Program', http://www.disr.gov.au/assets/documents/itrinternet/TCF_Structural_Adjustment_Program20050421093330.pdf (accessed 21 September 2005).

[454] Department of Industry, Tourism and Resources, 'AusIndustry: Product Diversification Scheme', April 2005, http://www.disr.gov.au/assets/documents/itrinternet/Product_Diversification_Scheme20050421093536.pdf (accessed 21 September 2005).

[455] Department of Industry, Tourism and Resources, 'Guidelines: Expanded Overseas Assembly Provisions Scheme', December 2003, http://www.ausindustry.gov.au/library/EOAP%20GUIDELINES%20December%20200320031216104226.pdf (accessed 21 September 2005).

[456] Department of Industry, Tourism and Resources, 'Exposure draft TCF Small Business Program—Overview', http://www.disr.gov.au/assets/documents/itrinternet/DraftTCFSBPforpublications16120420041223161902.pdf (accessed 21 September 2005).

[457] Department of Industry, Tourism and Resources, 'Exposure draft TCF Small Business Program—Overview', http://www.disr.gov.au/assets/documents/itrinternet/DraftTCFSBPforpublications16120420041223161902.pdf (accessed 21 September 2005).

[458] AusIndustry, 'Fact sheet: Textile, Clothing and Footwear (TCF) Post 2005 Assistance Package—Overview', April 2005, http://www.ausindustry.gov.au/library/Factsheet_TCFPost-2005PackageOverviewPublishv1.0april0520050504103256.pdf (accessed 20 September 2005).

[459] D. James and A. Carroll, 'Along the silk road', Business Review Weekly, 22–28 September 2005, p. 38.

[460] Committee Hansard, 22 June 2005, p. 2.

[461] Energy Information Administration, International Energy Outlook 2005, Office of Integrated Analysis and Forecasting, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC, July 2005, pp. 18, 22.

[462] Committee Hansard, 22 June 2005, p. 1.

[463] Address by Charlie Lenegan, Managing Director, Rio Tinto, Australia, 'China's Growth—Implications for Australia's Mining Industry', ABARE conference, Canberra, 22 June 2004.

[464] Report on the Work of the Government, delivered by Premier Wen Jiabao at the Third Session of the 10th National People's Congress, 5 March 2005.

[465] Report on the Work of the Government, delivered by Premier Wen Jiabao at the Third Session of the 10th National People's Congress, 5 March 2005.

[466] Report on the Implementation of the 2004 Plan for National Economic and Social Development, submitted to the Third Session of the 10th National People's Congress, 5 March 2005.

[467] Report on the Implementation of the 2004 Plan for National Economic and Social Development, submitted to the Third Session of the 10th National People's Congress, 5 March 2005.

[468] Report on the Implementation of the 2004 Plan for National Economic and Social Development, submitted to the Third Session of the 10th National People's Congress, 5 March 2005.

[469] Report on the Implementation of the 2004 Plan for National Economic and Social Development, submitted to the Third Session of the 10th National People's Congress, 5 March 2005 and Report on the Work of the Government, delivered by Premier Wen Jiabao at the Third Session of the 10th National People's Congress, 5 March 2005.

[470] Minerals Council of Australia, Submission P55, p 8; and Committee Hansard, 22 June 2005, p. 2.

[471] Submission P55, p. 7.

[472] Address by Charlie Lenegan, Managing Director, Rio Tinto, Australia, 'China's Growth—Implications for Australia's Mining Industry', ABARE conference, Canberra, 22 June 2004.

[473] Submission P55, p. 3.

[474] Submission P55, p. 8.

[475] Submission P55, p. 3.

[476] Address by Charlie Lenegan, Managing Director, Rio Tinto, Australia, 'China's Growth—Implications for Australia's Mining Industry', ABARE conference, Canberra, 22 June 2004.

[477] Address by Charlie Lenegan, Managing Director, Rio Tinto, Australia, 'China's Growth—Implications for Australia's Mining Industry', ABARE conference, Canberra, 22 June 2004.

[478] Address by Charlie Lenegan, Managing Director, Rio Tinto, Australia, 'China's Growth—Implications for Australia's Mining Industry', ABARE conference, Canberra, 22 June 2004. See also Submission P34, p. 6.

[479] Submission P19, p. 7.

[480] Committee Hansard, 21 June 2005, p. 39.

[481] DFAT, Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade Legislation Committee, Estimates Hansard, 17 February 2005, p. 93.

[482] Committee Hansard, 22 June 2005, p. 9.

[483] The Hon. Alexander Downer, MP, Minister for Foreign Affairs, 'Negotiation of Nuclear Cooperation Agreement with China', Media Release, FA100–9, August 2005.

[484] The Hon. Peter Costello MP, Treasurer of the Commonwealth of Australia, Doorstop Interview, Beijing, China, 17 October 2005.

[485] Committee Hansard, 21 June 2005, p. 41. See also, the Hon Peter Costello, MP, Treasurer of the Commonwealth of Australia, 'The Emerging Global and Regional Architecture—Moving Ahead', Address to the China–Australia Chamber of Commerce, Beijing,17 October 2005.

[486] Premier Wen in 'Premier Wen urges gov't organs to save energy', People's Daily Online, 4 July 2005.

[487] Premier Wen in 'Premier Wen urges gov't organs to save energy', People's Daily Online, 4 July 2005.

[488] Committee Hansard, 21 June 2005, p. 42.

[489] Australian Commodities, vol. 1, no. 2, June quarter 2004, p. 299.

[490] Country Analysis Briefs, China, August 2005,
http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/china.html (accessed 21 September 2005).

[491] Country Analysis Briefs, China, August 2005,
http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/china.html (accessed 21 September 2005).

[492] Country Analysis Briefs, China, August 2005,
http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/china.html (accessed 21 September 2005). It noted a 1998 WTO report that suggested that seven of the world's ten most polluted cities are in China. See also EIA, Country Analysis Briefs, 'China: Environmental Issues', July 2003. See also chapter 2, paragraphs 2.61–2.63.

[493] The Hon Peter Costello, MP, Treasurer of the Commonwealth of Australia, 'The Emerging Global and Regional Architecture—Moving Ahead', Address to the China–Australia Chamber of Commerce, Beijing,17 October 2005.

[494] Committee Hansard, 21 June 2005, p. 43.

[495] Joint Ministerial Statement, Minister for Foreign affairs and Minster for Environment and Heritage, 'Asia–Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate', 11 August 2005.

[496] Joint Ministerial Statement, Minister for Foreign affairs and Minster for Environment and Heritage, 'Asia–Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate', 11 August 2005.

[497] Supplementary Submission P1A, p. 3.

[498] See chapters 3 and 6, paragraphs 3.21, 3.23, 6.64 and 6.66.

[499] Energy Information Administration, International Energy Outlook 2005, Office of Integrated Analysis and Forecasting, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC, July 2005, p. 43.

[500] Australia LNG Pty Ltd changed its name to North West Shelf Australia LNG Pty Ltd in March 2003.

[501] Woodside Australian Energy, News Release, 'China LNG Success: Woodside Chairman offers congratulations', 8 August 2002.

[502] Woodside Australian Energy, News Release, 'China LNG Success: Woodside Chairman offers congratulations', 8 August 2002.

[503] 'Australia Wins China LNG Bid', 8 August 2002, http://www.supplybase.com.au/news/views.asp?id=35 (accessed 17 May 2005).

[504] Australia LNG, Media Release, 'North West Shelf Venture to Assist in Developing China's Natural Gas and LNG Industry', 24 October 2003.

[505] Stock Exchange Release, Woodside Australian Energy, 8 August 2002. Australian Bureau of Statistics, Year Book Australia, 2003, International Relations: Australia's bilateral relationships, Catalogue no. 1301.0–2003; Australian Bureau of Statistics, Year Book Australia, 2003, International Relations: Australia's bilateral relationships, Catalogue no. 1301.0–2004. See also Chairman's Address, 32^nd Annual General Meeting, Woodside Petroleum Ltd., Sydney, 15 April 2003.
Mr Arthur Dixon, President of Australia LNG, noted that it had taken five years and 12 days since the first official mission from Australia visited China in search of an LNG deal. He stated that it had been 'a long haul'. Australia LNG, News Release, 'Australia Signs China LNG Agreements', 18 October 2002.

[506] The China National Offshore Oil Corporation, one of the largest oil companies in the People's Republic of China. Through its subsidiaries, it explores, develops, produces and sells crude oil and natural gas.

[507] 'North West Shelf Venture-CNOOC Formalise Acquisition Agreements', 16 May 2003, http://www.australialng.com.au/newsItem.aspx?id=8 (accessed 17 May 2005).

[508] Australia LNG, Media Release, 'North West Shelf Venture to Assist in Developing China's Natural Gas and LNG Industry', 24 October 2003.

[509] ASX Announcement, Woodside, 'CNOOC Equity Agreement', 20 December 2004.

[510] Australia LNG, Media Release, 'Guangdong LNG Agreement', 13 December 2004.
At this time, Woodside announced that: A new joint venture, called the China LNG joint venture had been established within the overall North West Shelf project to accommodate CNOOC and to supply LNG to the Guangdong LNG project in China. CNOOC will hold a 25 per cent share in the new joint venture, with each of the existing NWS Venture participants taking 12.5 per cent. CNOOC will be entitled to gas and associated liquids approximately equivalent to a 5.3 per cent interest in the gas in North West Shelf Venture titles. CNOOC will pay a tariff to the North West Shelf Venture participants to use infrastructure to produce and process gas and associated liquids from its acquired resources. ASX Announcement, Woodside, CNOOC Equity Agreement, 20 December 2004.

[511] Submission P19, p. 14.

[512] P. Jennings, Submission P2, pp. 3–4.

[513] I. Satchwell, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 5.

[514] Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 5.

[515] Australian Commodities: forecasts and issues, vol. 12, no. 2, June quarter 2005, p. 328.

[516] Australian Bureau of Statistics, Year Book Australia, International accounts and trade: International merchandise trade, Catalogue no. 1301.0–2004, p. 811.

[517] Australian Bureau of Statistics, Year Book Australia, International accounts and trade: International merchandise trade, Catalogue no. 1301.0–2005, p. 829.

[518] W. Hart, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 50.

[519] Address by Charlie Lenegan, Managing Director, Rio Tinto, Australia, 'China's Growth—Implications for Australia's Mining Industry', ABARE conference, Canberra, 22 June 2004.

[520] Australian Commodities: forecasts and issues, vol. 12, no. 2, June quarter 2005, p. 329.

[521] Committee Hansard, 21 June 2005, p. 44.

[522] Committee Hansard, 21 June 2005, p. 44.

[523] Committee Hansard, 21 June 2005, p. 44.

[524] Australian Commodities: forecasts and issues, vol. 12, no. 2, June quarter 2005, p. 329.

[525] Committee Hansard, 22 June 2005, p. 5.

[526] Submission P55, p. 13.

[527] Address by Charlie Lenegan, Managing Director, Rio Tinto, Australia, 'China's Growth—Implications for Australia's Mining Industry', ABARE conference, Canberra, 22 June 2004.

[528] Asia Times, 13 September 2001.

[529] Embassy of the People's Republic of China, 'Wu Bangguo Attends the Opening Ceremony of China-Australia Economic and Trade Forum and Delivers a Keynote Speech', 23 May 2005, http://www.chinaembassy>1t/eng/xwdt/t197115.htm (accessed 21 July 2005).

[530] Address by Charlie Lenegan, Managing Director, Rio Tinto, Australia, 'China's Growth—Implications for Australia's Mining Industry', ABARE conference, Canberra, 22 June 2004.

[531] Submission P55, overview.

[532] Submission P55.

[533] Submission P55, pp. 16–17; and Committee Hansard, 22 June 2005, p. 4.

[534] Committee Hansard, 22 June 2005, p. 4.

[535] See From China about China, '"Go Global" Investment Strategy Needed for Chinese Enterprises', from People's Daily, 12 September 2001, http://www.lianghui.org.cn/english/GS-e/19033.htm (accessed 21 July 2005).

[536] Report on the Work of the Government, delivered by Premier Wen Jiabao at the Third Session of the 10th National People's Congress, 5 March 2005.

[537] Committee Hansard, 22 June 2005, p. 3.

[538] R. Davis, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 21.

[539] Committee Hansard, 21 June 2005, p. 39.

[540] Committee Hansard, 22 June 2005, p. 9.

[541] Committee Hansard, 21 June 2005, p. 39.

[542] Committee Hansard, 21 June 2005, p. 40.

[543] Committee Hansard, 21 June 2005, p. 51.

[544] Committee Hansard, 21 June 2005, p. 51.

[545] Ministry of Commerce, People's Republic of China, Foreign Market Access Report 2005, p. 33.

[546] Julia Nielson and Daria Taglioni, OECD, 'Services Trade Liberalisation: Identifying Opportunities & Gains', OECD Trade Policy Working Paper no. 1, 2004, p. 81. See also Professor Christopher Findlay, Asia Pacific School of Economics and Government, the Australian National University, 'Trade in Services', Melbourne Asia Policy Papers, no. 6, March 2005. He stated that the service sector is 'huge' and noted that in OECD economies it accounts for about 70 per cent of GDP.

[547] Julia Nielson and Daria Taglioni, OECD, 'Services Trade Liberalisation: Identifying Opportunities & Gains', OECD Trade Policy Working Paper no. 1, 2004, p. 81.

[548] See WTO website for information on GATS. See for example http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/serve_e/serv_cbt_course_e/cls3p1_e.htm
(accessed 22 July 2005).

[549] WTO, 'Services trade', http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/serve_e/serv_e.htm
(accessed 22 July 2005).

[550] Submission P19, p. 8.

[551] Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 2.

[552] Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 1.

[553] Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 2.

[554] See also I. Satchwell, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 2.

[555] Andrew L. Stoler, Institute for International Business, Economics Law, University of Adelaide, 'Priorities for Australian Trade Initiatives in 2005', 2005 CEDA/Promina, Economic and Political Overview Conferences, Adelaide, Melbourne, 16–17 February 2005, p. 3. Mr Stoler is Executive Director, Institute for International Business, Economics and Law, the University of Adelaide.

[556] Andrew L. Stoler, Institute for International Business, Economics Law, University of Adelaide, 'Priorities for Australian Trade Initiatives in 2005', 2005 CEDA/Promina, Economic and Political Overview Conferences, Adelaide, Melbourne, 16–17 February 2005, p. 3. Professor Findlay, noted that in OECD economies the service sector accounts for about 70 per cent of GDP, 55 per cent in the middle-income countries and 42 per cent for low-income countries. In Australia services account for 'over 80 per cent of output and employment'. 'Trade in Services', Melbourne Asia Policy Papers, no. 6, March 2005.

[557] See for example, Thomas Rumbaugh and Nicolas Blancher, 'China: International Trade and WTO Accession', IMF Working Paper, WP/04/36, International Monetary Fund, March 2002, p. 9. They stated: Plans include the opening of key service sectors where foreign participation was previously nonexistent or marginal, notably telecommunications, financial services and insurance. In those sectors, full access will eventually be guaranteed to foreign providers through transparent and automatic licensing procedures. China will also remove restrictions on trading and domestic distribution for most products.

[558] WTO News, 'WTO successfully concludes negotiations on China's entry', 17 September 2001.

[559] Report on the Implementation of the 2004 Plan for National Economic and Social Development, submitted to the Third Session of the 10th National People's Congress, 5 March 2005. OECD, 'Opening up Trade in Services', Policy Brief, 2003.

[560] Report on the Implementation of the 2004 Plan for National Economic and Social Development, submitted to the Third Session of the 10th National People's Congress, 5 March 2005.

[561] Alan Oxley, Director ITS Global, Melbourne, Australia, and Chairman, Australian APEC Study Centre, 'Good FTAs should be like share prices—anticipate future developments: Trends in trade and investment between China and Australia', presentation to the Australia–China FTA Conference, Sydney, August 2004, p. 5.

[562] Submission P19, pp. 9 and 13.

[563] Submission P19, p. 14.

[564] I. Satchwell, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 2.

[565] Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 2.

[566] Ramesh Adhikari and Yongzheng Yang, 'What will WTO Membership Mean for China and its Trading Partners?', Finance & Development, vol. 39, no. 3, September 2002.

[567] Graeme Thomson, Principal Graeme Thomson and Associates, 'Trade Policy Issues', Australia–China FTA Conference, Sydney, 12–13 August 2004, p. 4.

[568] Submission P 40, p. 4.

[569] See chapter 4, paragraphs 4.30–4.41.

[570] Eswar Prasad, Division Chief, Asia and Pacific Department, IMF, 'Growth and Stability in China: Prospects and Challenges', Harvard China Review, Annual Conference, Cambridge, 17 April 2004. Two IMF analysts have also argued that 'the urgency of financial sector reforms has increased as domestic banks will need to be prepared to face intense competition when, with WTO accession commitments, the financial sector is opened up to foreign banks in 2006. 'China's Growth and Integration into the World Economy: Prospects and Challenges', Eswar Prasad (ed.), IMF Occasional Paper 232, p. 4.

[571] Transcript of an IMF Economic Forum, 'China in the Global Economy: Prospects and Challenges', Washington, D.C., 19 October 2004, p. 2.

[572] Andrew L. Stoler, Institute for International Business, Economics Law, University of Adelaide, 'Priorities for Australian Trade Initiatives in 2005', 2005 CEDA/Promina, Economic and Political Overview Conferences, Adelaide, Melbourne, 16–17 February 2005, p. 3.

[573] R. Davis, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 21.

[574] 'Premier Wen Jiabao's press conference', 14 March 2005.

[575] 'Premier Wen Jiabao's press conference', 14 March 2005.

[576] 'Premier Wen Jiabao's press conference', 14 March 2005.

[577] See chapter 4, paragraphs 4.30–4.42.

[578] Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 2.

[579] Submission P40, p. 24.

[580] Submission P40, p. 4.

[581] Report on the Work of the Government, delivered by Premier Wen Jiabao at the Third Session of the 10th National People's Congress, 5 March 2005.

[582] Submission P30, p. 1.

[583] Submission P30, p. 2.

[584] Submission P51, p. 7.

[585] Submission P19, p. 9. DIMIA stated that at 30 September 2004, there were some 42,209 Chinese students and their dependents in Australia.

[586] Submission P30, p. 3.

[587] Submission P30, p. 3. See also DIMIA, Submission P51.

[588] F. Lee, Submission P17, p. 110.

[589] Submission P10, p. 4.

[590] See for example, V. Kelly, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 21.

[591] See comments by D. Calder, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 7.

[592] Committee Hansard, 21 June 2005, p. 18.

[593] Submission P51, p. 10.

[594] Committee Hansard, 21 June 2005, p. 19.

[595] Submission P51, p. 8.

[596] Submission P51, p. 8.

[597] Submission P10, p. 5.

[598] Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 17.

[599] Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 27.

[600] Submission P33, p. 2.

[601] Submission P51, p. 9.

[602] Submission P51, p. 9.

[603] See for example, I. Satchwell, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 8.

[604] Submission P29, p. 1.

[605] Submission P29, p. 2.

[606] Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 17.

[607] Submission P30.

[608] Submission P30, pp. 2–3.

[609] Submission P30, pp. 7–8.

[610] Submission P10, p. 6.

[611] Submission P10, p. 6.

[612] Submission P10, p. 6.

[613] Submission P10, p. 6.

[614] Submission P19, p. 9.

[615] National Bureau of Statistics of China, Statistical communiqu of national and social development.

[616] Table 8, Average expenditure for all visitors by country of residence, Tourism Australia, Inbound tourism trends, year ended 30 December 2004, p. 31, published March 2005.

[617] Tourism Australia, China Visitor Summary, 18 June 2005, p. 11.

[618] Tourism Australia, China Visitor Summary, 18 June 2005, p. 11.

[619] Submission P51, p. 12. See also Submission P54, p. 13.

[620] Submission P51, p. 12.

[621] Committee Hansard, 21 June 2005, p. 13.

[622] Committee Hansard, 21 June 2005, p. 13.

[623] Committee Hansard, 21 June 2005, p. 13.

[624] Committee Hansard, 21 June 2005, p. 17.

[625] Committee Hansard, 21 June 2005, p. 12.

[626] Submission P10, p. 9.

[627] Submission P10, p. 9.

[628] Submission P10, p. 8.

[629] Submission P10, p. 8.

[630] Tourism Australia, China ADS Visitor Experience Study 2003, p. 3.

[631] Tourism Australia, China Visitor Summary, 18 June 2005, p. 10.

[632] Tourism Australia, China ADS Visitor Experience Study 2003, p. 3.

[633] Submission P51, p. 12.

[634] Tourism Australia, China ADS Visitor Experience Study 2003, p. 1.

[635] This statement was reported in the Australian, 8 July 2005. See also Industry Search, 8 July 2005.

[636] Grace Wen Pan, 'Business Partnership Relationships in the Chinese Inbound Tourism Market to Australia', PhD thesis, School of Tourism & Hotel Management and School of Marketing and Management, Faculty of Commerce and Management, Griffith University, 2005, p. 276. An article in Open China also underlined the importance for high quality services for Chinese visitors. It noted that although Chinese tourists like to visit a foreign country, they do not necessarily want to live and eat like a westerner. For example it stated: 'Catering for meals should be Chinese with lots of fresh vegetables and seafood. The Chinese deem 'eating to be the first happiness'. It is very important that this be taken seriously and every effort to ensure that good Chinese style catering is provided at all times'. http://www.openchina.com.au/Chinese_Tourism_Growth.htm (accessed 8 July 2005).

[637] Submission P19, p. 9.

[638] Eswar Prasad and Shang–Jin Wei, 'The Chinese Approach to Capital Inflows: Patterns and Possible Explanations', IMF Working Papers WP/05/79, IMF, April 2005, p. 1.

[639] See for example, the Australian Industry Group, Submission P63, p. 7.

[640] National Bureau of Statistics, Statistical communiqu of national and social development in 2004.

[641] According to Eswar Prasad and Shang–Jin Wei: 'In the first two years that a foreign-invested firm makes a profit, it is exempt from corporate income tax. In subsequent years, foreign companies are subject to an average corporate income of 15 percent, less than half the normal rate of 33 per cent paid by Chinese companies'. Eswar Prasad and Shang–Jin Wei, 'The Chinese Approach to Capital Inflows: Patterns and Possible Explanations', IMF Working Papers WP/05/79, IMF, April 2005, p. 20.

[642] J. Harrowell, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 40.

[643] Submission P24, p. 15.

[644] Submission P24, pp. 14–15. It also stated, 'Further, the 'Foreign Trade Law' (April 2004) sets a framework for the types of 'western' style regulations required by WTO, such as new competition laws'.

[645] I. J. Macfarlane, Governor, Reserve Bank of Australia, 'Asia's Role in Australia's Economic Future', Tenth Annual Sir Edward 'Weary' Dunlop Asia link Lecture, Sydney, 16 October 2003.

[646] Submission P19, p. 10.

[647] Submission P19, p. 10.

[648] Minerals Council of Australia, Committee Hansard, 22 June 2005, p. 3. See also Australia China Business Council, Submission P40, p. 11.

[649] Minerals Council of Australia, Committee Hansard, 22 June 2005, p. 3.

[650] Committee Hansard, 21 June 2005, p. 53.

[651] Report on the Implementation of the 2004 Plan for National Economic and Social Development, submitted to the Third Session of the 10th National People's Congress, 5 March 2005.

[652] Eswar Prasad and Shang–Jin Wei, 'The Chinese Approach to Capital Inflows: Patterns and Possible Explanations', IMF Working Papers WP/05/79, IMF, April 2005, p. 21.

[653] Eswar Prasad and Shang–Jin Wei, 'The Chinese Approach to Capital Inflows: Patterns and Possible Explanations', IMF Working Papers WP/05/79, IMF, April 2005, p. 22.

[654] Mary Amiti and Beata Smarzynska Javorcki, 'Trade Costs and Location of Foreign Firms in China', IMF Working Paper, WP/05/55, International Monetary Fund, March 2005, p. 15.

[655] Submission P24, Appendix 2, p. 32.

[656] Submission P24, Appendix 2, p. 32.

[657] Submission P24, Appendix 2, p. 32.

[658] Submission P24, Appendix 2, p. 33.

[659] See chapter 4, paragraph 4.52.

[660] See chapter 7, paragraph 7.61.

[661] Submission P24, Appendix 2, p. 33.

[662] Committee Hansard, 21 June 2005, p. 14.

[663] Committee Hansard, 21 June 2005, p. 15.

[664] Committee Hansard, 21 June 2005, p. 16.

[665] Committee Hansard, 21 June 2005, p. 15.

[666] Committee Hansard, 21 June 2005, p. 16. For example, there is an APEC business travel handbook available on the internet to help people understand the different processes involved. The group is also looking to establish greater alignment between the entry conditions and to adopt common terminology, again to assist a better understanding of the scheme and processes involved. At the moment about 3,000 Australians have the card.

[667] Wollongong City Council, Submission P10, p. 13.

[668] Wollongong City Council, Submission P10, p. 13.

[669] Report on the Work of the Government, delivered by Premier Wen Jiabao at the Third Session of the 10th National People's Congress, 5 March 2005.

[670] Report on the Implementation of the 2004 Plan for National Economic and Social Development, submitted to the Third Session of the 10th National People's Congress, 5 March 2005.

[671] Submission P19, p. 10.

[672] Committee Hansard, 21 June 2005, p. 48.

[673] B. Jones, Invest Australia, Committee Hansard, 21 June 2005, p. 47.

[674] Submission P63, p. 7.

[675] Submission P40, p. 12.

[676] B. Jones, Committee Hansard, 21 June 2005, p. 50.

[677] Committee Hansard, 21 June 2005, p. 49.

[678] Committee Hansard, 21 June 2005, p. 50.

[679] The Hon Peter Costello MP, Treasurer of the Commonwealth of Australia, Doorstop interview, Beijing, 17 October 2005.

[680] Ministry of Commerce, People's Republic of China, Foreign Market Access Report, 2005, p. 33.

[681] The Hon Peter Costello MP, Treasurer of the Commonwealth of Australia, Doorstop interview, Beijing, 17 October 2005.

[682] Submission P51, p. 13.

[683] Submission P51, p. 13.

[684] Committee Hansard, 21 June 2005, p. 13.

[685] Wollongong City Council, Submission P10, p. 13.

[686] Commonwealth of Australia, Free Trade Agreements, http://www.fta.gov.au
(accessed 1 October 2005).

[687] World Trade Organization, 'Understanding the WTO', September 2003, p. 11.

[688] Since 1948, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade has provided the rules for the international trading system. The Agreement led to an unofficial organisation known as the GATT. It was renamed the WTO in 1995.

[689] Article XXIV, General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, 1947, http://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/gatt47_e.pdf (accessed 6 September 2005).

[690] World Trade Organization, 'Understanding the WTO', September 2003, p. 11.

[691] World Trade Organization, 'Understanding the WTO', September 2003, p. 11.

[692] D. Robertson, 'Another Global Trade Crisis', Policy, Vol. 20, No. 1, 2004, p. 14.

[693] C. Wallace, 'Global pacts preferred in bigger picture, Vaile insists', the Australian, 23 October 2003, p. 4.

[694] World Trade Organization, 'Understanding the WTO', September 2003, p. 64.

[695] A. Calvert, Secretary, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Opening Speech, 'Strategic setting: Common future', Australia–China FTA Conference, Sydney, 12–13 August 2004, p. 4.

[696] A. Calvert, Secretary, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Opening Speech, 'Strategic setting: Common future', Australia–China FTA Conference, Sydney, 12–13 August 2004, p. 4.

[697] A. Calvert, Secretary, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Opening Speech, 'Strategic setting: Common future', Australia–China FTA Conference, Sydney, 12–13 August 2004, p. 4.

[698] A. Calvert, Secretary, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Opening Speech, 'Strategic setting: Common future', Australia–China FTA Conference, Sydney, 12–13 August 2004, p. 5.

[699] A. Calvert, Secretary, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Opening Speech, 'Strategic setting: Common future', Australia–China FTA Conference, Sydney, 12–13 August 2004, p. 5.

[700] Senate Select Committee on the Free Trade Agreement between Australia and the United States of America, Final Report, p. 2, https://www.aph.gov.au/Senate/committee/freetrade_ctte/report/final/ch01.pdf

[701] C. Ryan and T. Sutherland, 'China backs 'no limits' trade deal', Australian Financial Review, 11 March 2005, p. 1.

[702] C. Ryan and T. Sutherland, 'China backs 'no limits' trade deal', Australian Financial Review, 11 March 2005, p. 1. ASEAN has ten members: Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Burma, Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam.

[703] A. Stoler, 'WTO Negotiations under the Doha Development Agenda and Perspectives on Current WTO Developments', Shanghai, December 2004, p. 3.

[704] A. Stoler, 'WTO Negotiations under the Doha Development Agenda and Perspectives on Current WTO Developments', Shanghai, December 2004, p. 4.

[705] C. Wallace, ‘Mandarins still segregated over bi versus multilateral deals', the Australian, 6 November 2003.

[706] C. Wallace, ‘Mandarins still segregated over bi versus multilateral deals', the Australian, 6 November 2003.

[707] P. Lloyd and D. MacLaren, 'Gains and Losses from Regional Trading Agreements: A Survey', The Economic Record, vol. 80, no. 251, December 2004, p. 464.

[708] 'FTAs should all sing to the same song', Australian Financial Review, 22 April 2005, p. 82.

[709] D. Robertson, 'Another Global Trade Crisis', Policy, vol. 20, no. 1, 2004, p. 13.

[710] D. Uren, 'Trade agreements slammed for their lack of clear goals', the Australian, 10 September 2004, p. 23.

[711] R. Garnaut, 'Bridging a fractured trade system', the Australian, 17 November 2003, p. 9.

[712] Editorial, 'A multilateral trade pact is the jackpot', Australian Financial Review, 19 November 2004, p. 82.

[713] R. Garnaut, 'Australia, US and China: Open Regionalism in an Era of Bilateral FTAs', Paper presented at a public lecture, Asialink, Melbourne, 22 March 2005, pp. 11–12, http://rspas.anu.edu.au/economics/publish/papers/garnaut/2005_Australia_US_and_China.pdf (accessed 1 November 2005).

[714] See P. Kelly, 'Change in US sharpens our dilemma', the Australian, 20 December 2000.

[715] P. Lloyd, Submission to Senate Select Committee on GATS and the Australia–US Free Trade Agreement, April 2003, https://www.aph.gov.au/Senate/committee/fadt_ctte/completed_inquiries/2002-04/gats/submissions/sub73.doc (accessed 8 November 2005)

[716] P. Lloyd, 'Australia's Economic Diplomacy in Asia', Melbourne Asia Policy Papers, number 3, July 2003, p. 8, http://www.asialink.unimelb.edu.au/cpp/policypapers/0801FINALLLOYDMAPP.pdf (accessed 5 November 2005).

[717] P. Lloyd, 'Australia's Economic Diplomacy in Asia', Melbourne Asia Policy Papers, number 3, July 2003, p. 8, http://www.asialink.unimelb.edu.au/cpp/policypapers/0801FINALLLOYDMAPP.pdf (accessed 5 November 2005).

[718] ASEAN, Framework Agreement on Comprehensive Economic Co-operation between the Association of South East Asian Nations and the People's Republic of China, 4 November 2002.

[719] H. E. Ong Keng Yong, Secretary–General of ASEAN, 'Prospering ASEAN–China relations', Keynote address at the Chinese Business Leaders Summit, Global Entrepolis, Singapore, 11 October 2004, http://www.aseansec.org/16461.htm (accessed 8 November 2005).

[720] Submission P19, p. 18.

[721] S. MacMillan, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 19.

[722] Submission P26, p. 5.

[723] Submission P26, p. 9. This viewpoint reinforces the committee's suggestion that Australia must have available a body of knowledge and understanding to make accurate assessments about developments in the region, and formulate responses that will not disadvantage Australia. See chapter 2, paragraph 2.68 and chapter 13, paragraphs 13.33–13.46.

[724] R. Garnaut, 'Australia, US and China: Open Regionalism in an Era of Bilateral FTAs', Paper presented at a public lecture, Asialink, Melbourne, 22 March 2005.

[725] World Trade Organization, 'The Sixth WTO Ministerial Conference', http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/minist_e/min05_e/min05_e.htm (accessed 8 November 2005).

[726] M. Vaile, 'Europe's hurting the poor', the Australian, 25 November 2005, p. 12.

[727] J. Robertson, 'Cancun to Hong Kong: Prospects for the WTO', Research Note, Parliamentary Library, 10 October 2005, p. 1.

[728] T. Sutherland, 'Trade talks hang on EU offer', Australian Financial Review, 28 October 2005, p. 14.

[729] M. Vaile, 'Europe's hurting the poor', the Australian, 25 November 2005, p. 12.

[730] DFAT, Global Trade Reform 2000: Maintaining Momentum, 1999 cited in J. Robertson, 'Cancun to Hong Kong: Prospects for the WTO', Research Note, Parliamentary Library, 10 October 2005, p. 1.

[731] The Hon. J. Howard, 'Announcement of Free Trade Agreement negotiations between Australia and China', Press Release, 18 April 2005, http://www.pm.gov.au/news/media_releases/media_Release1332.html (accessed 1 October 2005)

[732] Both the Australia–US and the Australia–Thailand free trade agreements came into force on 1 January 2005. The Australia–Singapore FTA came into force on 28 July 2003. The China–ASEAN FTA—covering trade in goods—was signed in December 2004 and came into effect on 1 January 2005.

[733] P. Cook, 'Australia and China: A new partnership', The China–Australia Chamber of Commerce, The Swissotel, Beijing, 24 October 2000, p. 4.

[734] P. Kelly, ‘Labor sells China trade policy to Asia’, the Weekend Australian, 23 December 2000.

[735] See N. Minchin, 'Commercial relationship is focus of visit to China', Press Release, 24 January 2000.

[736] World Trade Organization, Agreement on implementation of Article VI of the GATT 1994, Uruguay Round Agreement, Part 1, Article 2.1, http://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/19-adp_01_e.htm (accessed 8 November 2005).

[737] World Trade Organization, 'Agreement on implementation of Article VI', http://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/ursum_e.htm#fAgreement
(accessed 1 October 2005).

[738] M. Priestley, 'Anti-dumping rules and the Australia–China Free Trade Agreement', Research Note No. 38, Parliamentary Library, 14 March 2005, p. 1.

[739] M. Priestley, 'Anti-dumping rules and the Australia–China Free Trade Agreement', Research Note No. 38, Parliamentary Library, 14 March 2005, p. 1.

[740] Customs Act 1901, http://139.134.5.123/kapala/freelegal/scaleplus.html
(accessed 1 October 2005).

[741] Alternatively, the Australian rules may calculate the price based on the production costs in the third country, or the price of the good (or one similar) in the Australian market.

[742] The Act notes that it is at the Minister's discretion as to which of these determinations applies in the first instance.

[743] A. Stoler, 'What it would mean for Australia to treat China as a market economy: Impact of removing China from EIT Status for Antidumping purposes', Institute for International Business, Economics and Law, p. 1.

[744] The Hon. Mark Vaile, 'Time is right to enter into FTA negotiations with China', Media Release, 13 April 2005, http://www.trademinister.gov.au/releases/2005/mvt027_05.html (accessed 1 October 2005).

[745] Australian Services Roundtable, 'China: Market Economy Status', Newsletter, April 2005, http://www.servicesaustralia.org.au/pdfFilesNewsletters/April05Newsletter.pdf
(accessed 1 October 2005).

[746] Australian Services Roundtable, 'China: Market Economy Status', Newsletter, April 2005, http://www.servicesaustralia.org.au/pdfFilesNewsletters/April05Newsletter.pdf
(accessed 1 October 2005).

[747] A. Stoler, 'What it would mean for Australia to treat China as a market economy: Impact of removing China from EIT status for anti-dumping purposes', Response to questions, Australia–China FTA Conference, Sydney, 13 August 2004.

[748] A. Stoler, 'Market economy status for China: Implications for anti-dumping protection in Australia', Australia–China FTA Conference, Sydney, 13 August 2004, p. 4, http://www.apec.org.au/docs/China04Stoler.pdf (accessed 12 October 2005).

[749] Editorial, 'No dumping on China deal', the Australian, 14 March 2005, p. 14.

[750] Editorial, 'No dumping on China deal', the Australian, 14 March 2005, p. 14.

[751] H. Ridout, 'Warning issued over China Free Trade deal', AM, ABC Radio National, 14 March 2005, http://www.abc.net.au/am/content/2005/s1322663.htm (accessed 12 October 2005).

[752] Submission P42, p. 5.

[753] D. Cameron, Committee Hansard, Sydney, 29 June 2005, p. 76.

[754] F. Brenchley and T. Sutherland, ‘Win in dumping fight’, Australian Financial Review, 13 May 2005, p. 23.

[755] The Hon. M. Vaile, 'Launch of Framework Agreement to enhance the economic and trade relationship between Australia and China', Media Release, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 22 May 2002, http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/china/framework/economic_framework.html (accessed 1 October 2005).

[756] Y. Mai et. al., 'Modelling the potential benefits of an Australia–China Free Trade Agreement', An independent report prepared for the Australia–China Feasibility Study, 2 March 2005, p. iii.

[757] Y. Mai et. al., 'Modelling the potential benefits of an Australia–China Free Trade Agreement', An independent report prepared for the Australia–China Feasibility Study, 2 March 2005, p. 65.

[758] Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Joint Feasibility Study', March 2005, p. 131.

[759] The figures are 'ad valorem' estimates for 2005.

[760] Y. Mai et. al., 'Modelling the potential benefits of an Australia–China Free Trade Agreement', An independent report prepared for the Australia–China Feasibility Study, 2 March 2005, p. 31.

[761] Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Joint Feasibility Study', March 2005, p. 4.

[762] Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Joint Feasibility Study', March 2005, p. 131.

[763] Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Joint Feasibility Study', March 2005, p. 126.

[764] Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Joint Feasibility Study', March 2005, p. 127.

[765] Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Joint Feasibility Study', March 2005, p. 134.

[766] Australia–China FTA negotiations, Subscriber update, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 26 May 2005, http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/china/fta/050526_subscriber_update.html (accessed 28 September 2005).

[767] By chance, the talks coincided with the visit of three committee members to the capital.

[768] Australia–China FTA negotiations, Subscriber update, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 1 September 2005, http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/china/fta/050901_subscriber_update.html
(accessed 28 September 2005).

[769] Australia–China FTA negotiations, Subscriber update, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 1 September 2005, http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/china/fta/050901_subscriber_update.html
(accessed 28 September 2005).

[770] Australia–China FTA negotiations, Subscriber update, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 1 September 2005, http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/china/fta/050901_subscriber_update.html
(accessed 28 September 2005).

[771] Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade 'Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Joint Feasibility Study', March 2005, p. 134. See also, The Hon. M. Vaile, 'Free trade agreement needed more than ever with vast and protected China market', the Age, 25 October 2005, p. 8.

[772] DHL Export Barometer: Australian Export Trends, November 2004–April 2005, Issue 3, http://www.austrade.gov.au/publications/DHLExportBarometerOct2004.pdf?1101100342820 (accessed 14 August 2005).

[773] T. Harcourt, 'Debunking some Chinese myths', Australian Financial Review, 1 August 2005, p. 25.

[774] T. Harcourt, 'Debunking some Chinese myths', Australian Financial Review, 1 August 2005, p. 25.

[775] DHL Export Barometer: Australian Export Trends, May 2005, Issue 4, http://www.austrade.gov.au/publications/DHLExportBarometer_May05.pdf?1116566660773 (accessed 14 August 2005).

[776] National Farmers' Federation, Submission P64.

[777] National Farmers' Federation, Submission P64, p. 3.

[778] National Farmers' Federation, Submission P64.

[779] National Farmers' Federation, Submission P64.

[780] Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Submission P41, April 2005.

[781] S. Guthrie, Australian Wool Innovation, cited in K. Murphy, 'Cash cows and open doors', the Weekend Australian, 16–17 April 2005, p. 22.

[782] L. Stephens, 'Wool industry welcomes green light for China FTA', Australian Wool Innovation Limited, 20 April 2005, http://www.wool.com.au/LivePage.aspx?pageId=1841
(accessed 28 September 2005).

[783] Australian Pork Limited, Submission to the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Joint Feasibility Study', 18 June 2004, pp. 4–5.

[784] Winemakers’ Federation of Australia, Submission to the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Joint Feasibility Study', pp. 8–9.

[785] C. Campbell, 'Cotton to benefit from free trade agreement with China', Media Release, 19 April 2005, http://www.cottonaustralia.com.au/news/DisplayNews.aspx?id=64&NewsCategoryID=2.

[786] Australian Dairy Industry, Submission to the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Joint Feasibility Study', June 2004, pp. 1–2.

[787] L. Howard, Rio Tinto, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 57.

[788] Rio Tinto Iron Ore, Submission P34, p. 8.

[789] B. Hart, Rio Tinto Iron Ore, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 51.

[790] Rio Tinto Iron Ore, Submission P34, p. 8.

[791] Minerals Council of Australia, Submission P55, p. 12.

[792] Minerals Council of Australia, Submission P55, p. 12.

[793] K. Adamson, ''Cripple' fear on China deal', Weekly Times, 4 May 2005, p. 10.

[794] D. McKinna, Strategic Insights, quoted in N. Hooper and S. Mitchell, 'Food fight: Why our farmers are being slaughtered', Australian Financial Review, 6 August 2005, p. 24.

[795] D. McKinna, Strategic Insights, quoted in N. Hooper and S. Mitchell, 'Food fight: Why our farmers are being slaughtered', Australian Financial Review, 6 August 2005, p. 24.

[796] D. McKenzie, 'NFF dismisses China threat', Weekly Times, 22 June 2005, p. 25.

[797] D. McKenzie, 'NFF dismisses China threat', Weekly Times, 22 June 2005, p. 25.

[798] The Hon. C. Pyne, 'Country of origin labelling', Press Release, 25 October 2005.

[799] This funding was announced in the 2005 federal budget, http://www.budget.gov.au/2005-06/ministerial/html/dotars-03.htm.

[800] J. Breusch, 'Vegie farmers dig deep to meet challenges', Australian Financial Review, 11 August 2005, p. 61.

[801] See M. Priestley, 'Country of origin labelling: Are consumers willing to pay more for Australian products?', Research Note no. 8, Parliamentary Library, 5 September 2005, p. 1.
The survey found that only 45 per cent of surveyed consumers buy Australian made products whenever possible.

[802] J. Breusch, 'Vegie farmers dig deep to meet challenges', Australian Financial Review, 11 August 2005, p. 61.

[803] Editorial, 'Protection hiding under false label', Australian Financial Review, 19 July 2005, p. 54.

[804] Editorial, 'Protection hiding under false label', Australian Financial Review, 19 July 2005, p. 54.

[805] D. McKenzie, 'NFF dismisses China threat', Weekly Times, 22 June 2005, p. 25.

[806] The Hon. M. Vaile, 'FTA fears misguided', The Land, 26 May 2005, p. 12.

[807] Cited in J. Breusch, 'Vegie farmers dig deep to meet fresh challenges', Australian Financial Review, 11 August 2005, p. 61.

[808] Australian Industry Group, Submission to the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Joint Feasibility Study', July 2004, p. 1.

[809] Australian Industry Group, Submission to the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Joint Feasibility Study', July 2004, Appendix 1. The AiG's report is titled 'Australian manufacturing and China: Opportunities and Challenges', August 2004, http://www.AiGroup.asn.au/AiGroup/pdf/economics/surveys_and_reports/economics_surveys_nat_ChinaReportAug04.pdf.

[810] Council of Textile and Fashion Industries, Submission to the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Joint Feasibility Study', June 2004, p. 11.

[811] Australian Industry Group, Submission to the Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Feasibility Study, July 2004, p. 3,
http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/china/fta/submissions/cfta_submission_4ma24.pdf
(accessed 10 October 2005). An explanation of the Australia–Thailand FTA's 'rules of origin' is available at http://www.fta.gov.au/default.aspx?FolderID=263&ArticleID=209.

[812] Submission P40, p. 15.

[813] The May 2005 federal budget abolished this tariff.

[814] Australian Industry Group, Submission to the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Joint Feasibility Study', July 2004, pp. 4 and 35,
http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/china/fta/submissions/cfta_submission_4ma24.pdf
(accessed 10 October 2005).

[815] Australian Manufacturing Workers' Union, Submission P36, Recommendations 2 and 8, p. 4.

[816] Australian Manufacturing Workers' Union, Submission P36, p. 13.

[817] Australian Manufacturing Workers' Union, Submission P36, p. 15.

[818] Plastics and Chemicals Industries Association, Submission to the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Joint Feasibility Study', July 2004, p. 3, http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/china/fta/submissions/cfta_submission_4ma23.pdf
(accessed 8 September 2005).

[819] Plastics and Chemicals Industries Association, Submission to the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Joint Feasibility Study', July 2004, p. 4, http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/china/fta/submissions/cfta_submission_4ma23.pdf
(accessed 8 September 2005).

[820] Plastics and Chemicals Industries Association, Submission to the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Joint Feasibility Study', July 2004, p. 6, http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/china/fta/submissions/cfta_submission_4ma23.pdf
(accessed 8 September 2005).

[821] Plastics and Chemicals Industries Association, Submission to the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Joint Feasibility Study', July 2004, p.6, http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/china/fta/submissions/cfta_submission_4ma23.pdf
(accessed 8 September 2005).

[822] Department of Industry, Tourism and Resources, Submission P69, 21 June 2005, p. 5.

[823] Federation of Automotive Products Manufacturers, 'Australia–China FTA: Issues and Implications for Australia's Automotive Components Industry', Submission to the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Joint Feasibility Study', June 2004, p. 4.

[824] Federation of Automotive Products Manufacturers, 'Australia–China FTA: Issues and Implications for Australia's Automotive Components Industry', Submission to the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Joint Feasibility Study', June 2004, p. 20. The submission noted that by 2006, both the Chinese and Australian tariff rate on imported components will be 10 per cent.

[825] Australian Tyre Manufacturer's Association, Submission to the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Joint Feasibility Study', June 2004, p. 3.

[826] Australian Tyre Manufacturer's Association, Submission to the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Joint Feasibility Study', June 2004, p. 3, http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/china/fta/submissions/cfta_submission_atma.pdf
(accessed 1 October 2005).

[827] Australian Tyre Manufacturer's Association, Submission to the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Joint Feasibility Study', June 2004, p. 3, http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/china/fta/submissions/cfta_submission_atma.pdf
(accessed 1 October 2005).

[828] Australian Tyre Manufacturer's Association, Submission to the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Joint Feasibility Study', June 2004, p. 2, http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/china/fta/submissions/cfta_submission_atma.pdf
(accessed 1 October 2005).

[829] Australian Tyre Manufacturer's Association, Submission to the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Joint Feasibility Study', June 2004, p. 6, http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/china/fta/submissions/cfta_submission_atma.pdf
(accessed 1 October 2005).

[830] Council of Textile and Fashion Industries of Australia, Submission to the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Joint Feasibility Study', June 2004, p. 2, http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/china/fta/submissions/cfta_submission_4ma06.pdf (accessed 1 October 2005).

[831] Council of Textile and Fashion Industries of Australia, Submission to the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Joint Feasibility Study', June 2004, p. 2, http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/china/fta/submissions/cfta_submission_4ma06.pdf (accessed 1 October 2005).

[832] Council of Textile and Fashion Industries, Submission to the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Joint Feasibility Study', June 2004, p. 1, http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/china/fta/submissions/cfta_submission_4ma06.pdf (accessed 1 October 2005).

[833] The Australia–Singapore FTA requires that all products—whether originating from Australia or Singapore—need to meet a minimum level of local value content of 50 per cent. See http://www.fta.gov.au/default.aspx?FolderID=275&ArticleID=221
(accessed 30 September 2005).

[834] Council of Textile and Fashion Industries, Submission to the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Joint Feasibility Study', June 2004, p. 1, http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/china/fta/submissions/cfta_submission_4ma18.pdf
(1 October 2005).

[835] Council of Textile and Fashion Industries, Submission to the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Joint Feasibility Study', June 2004, p. 12, http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/china/fta/submissions/cfta_submission_4ma18.pdf
(accessed 1 October 2005).

[836] Council of Textile and Fashion Industries, Submission to the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Joint Feasibility Study', June 2004, p. 12, http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/china/fta/submissions/cfta_submission_4ma18.pdf
(accessed 1 October 2005).

[837] Council of Textile and Fashion Industries, Submission to the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Joint Feasibility Study', June 2004, pp. 13–14, http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/china/fta/submissions/cfta_submission_4ma18.pdf

[838] See 'China: Country Statistics', Oxfam Australia, http://www.oxfam.org.au/world/asia/china/index.html#profile.

[839] C. Ryan, 'Beijing sends warning over farm exports', Australian Financial Review, 22 March 2005, p. 3.

[840] C. Ryan, 'Chinese a long way from sold on FTA', Australian Financial Review, 24 March 2005, p. 7.

[841] C. Ryan, 'Chinese a long way from sold on FTA', Australian Financial Review, 24 March 2005, p. 7.

[842] Cited in J. Taylor, 'China fears FTA's impact on farming', bilaterals.org, 22 March 2005, http://www.bilaterals.org/article.php3?id_article=1497. John Taylor is the ABC's China correspondent.

[843] C. Ryan, ‘Beijing sends warning over farm exports’, Australian Financial Review, 22 March 2005, p. 3.

[844] C. Ryan, 'Beijing sends warning over farm exports', Australian Financial Review, 22 March 2005, p. 3.

[845] See, for example, Premier Wen Jiabao's press conference on 14 March 2005, http://www.chinability.com/Wen%20Jiabao%20press%20conference.htm.

[846] See R. Myer, 'Many obstacles to clear on the way to China's pot of gold', the Age, 27 July 2005, p. 5.

[847] G. Raby, cited in J. Taylor, 'China fears FTA's impact on farming', bilaterals.org, 22 March 2005, http://www.bilaterals.org/article.php3?id_article=1497. See also Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Submission P41, p. 26.

[848] National Farmers' Federation, Committee Hansard, 22 June 2005, pp. 16–17.

[849] National Farmers' Federation, Committee Hansard, 22 June 2005, p. 16.

[850] K. Murphy, 'China hungry for produce', the Australian, 15 July 2005, p. 4.

[851] K. Murphy, 'China hungry for produce', the Australian, 15 July 2005, p. 4.

[852] 'Foreign Market Access Report', Ministry of Commerce, People's Republic of China 2005, p. 28.

[853] The Therapeutic Goods Administration's GMP Audit form for an overseas manufacturer is available at http://www.tga.gov.au/docs/pdf/gmpaudit.pdf.

[854] C. Armitage, 'Chinese picture of Aussie trade less than rosy', the Australian, 27 May 2005, p. 10.

[855] C. Armitage, 'Chinese picture of Aussie trade less than rosy', the Australian, 27 May 2005, p. 10.

[856] C. Armitage, 'Chinese picture of Aussie trade less than rosy', the Australian, 27 May 2005, p. 10.

[857] C. Armitage, 'Chinese picture of Aussie trade less than rosy', the Australian, 27 May 2005, p. 10.

[858] C. Armitage, 'Chinese picture of Aussie trade less than rosy', the Australian, 27 May 2005, p. 10.

[859] C. Armitage, ‘Chinese picture of Aussie trade less than rosy’, the Australian, 27 May 2005, p. 10.

[860] G. Combet and H. Ridout, 'Sweet and sour outlook for our next FTA', Australian Financial Review, 21 September 2004, p. 63.

[861] Submission P36, p. 24.

[862] J. Bailey and P. Ranald, Australian Fair Trade and Investment Network, Submission P16, p. 3.

[863] A. Oxley, 'An Australia–China free trade agreement: Getting the focus right', Australian Chief Executive, December 2004, p. 17.

[864] A. Oxley, 'An Australia–China free trade agreement: Getting the focus right', Australian Chief Executive, December 2004, p. 16.

[865] R. Garnaut, 'Australia and China: Risks in a good story', Australian Chief Executive, December 2004, p. 10.

[866] A. Dupont, 'The political and strategic implications of a free trade agreement with China', Paper prepared for the Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Conference, Sydney, 12 August 2004, p. 4.

[867] A. Dupont, 'The political and strategic implications of a free trade agreement with China', Paper prepared for the Australia–China Free Trade Agreement Conference, Sydney, 12 August 2004, p. 4.

[868] Dr Noordin Sopiee, CEO, Malaysian Institute for Strategic and International Studies, in Future Summit 2004 Creating a Better World, Report of the First Annual Future Summit, Sydney,
6–8 May, 2004, p. 97. He stated that Australia still remains on the outside, and that, while for some time Australia has been welcome to East Asia, there 'are still limits to the relationship'. He made the statement as quoted to indicate that Australia had made progress but there is further to go.

[869] Australia China Business Council, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 13.

[870] Submission P24, pp. 15, 16.

[871] Submission P24, p. 18.

[872] Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 44.

[873] Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 13.

[874] Vivienne Bath, 'Lawyer maps China's business landscape', Lawyers Weekly, 12 November 2004.

[875] See for example John L. Graham and N. Mark Lam, 'The Chinese Negotiation', Harvard Business Review, October 2003, p. 82. They attributed breakdowns in relationships between American and Chinese business people to 'A failure on the American side to understand the much broader context of Chinese culture and values, a problem that too often leaves Western negotiators both flummoxed and flailing'.

[876] Kate Hutchings and Georgina Murray, 'Family, face and favours: Do Australians adjust to accepted business conventions in China?', Singapore Management Review, vol. 25, issue 2, Singapore, 2003.

[877] McKinsey & Company Leadership Dinner, 'Panel Examines China's Economy', p. 5.

[878] McKinsey & Company Leadership Dinner, 'Panel Examines China's Economy', p.8.
Ms Grace Wen Pan, who studied business relationships in the Chinese inbound tourism market to Australia, found that guanxi has a significant but not decisive role in the process of developing relationships between Chinese travel agents and Australian inbound tour operators. She noted, however, that guanxi relationships can 'provide added value to the partnership relationships of Australian operators'. Grace Wen Pan, 'Business Partnership Relations in Chinese Inbound Tourism Market to Australia', PhD Thesis, School of Tourism & Hotel Management and School of Marketing and Management, Faculty of Commerce and Management, Griffith University, 2004, p. ii.

[879] International Finance Corporation, (the private arm of the World Bank Group), Step by Step: Corporate Governance Models in China: the experience of the International Finance Corporation, 2005, p. 9.

[880] Submission P24, p. 4.

[881] Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 12.

[882] See for example, Barry White, International Fibre Centre Ltd, 'Doing Business in China and potential barriers to growth', February 2005.

[883] Submission P40, p. 16.

[884] Barry White, International Fibre Centre Ltd, 'Doing Business in China and potential barriers to growth', February 2005.

[885] Kate Hutchings and Georgina Murray, 'Family, face and favours: Do Australians adjust to accepted business conventions in China?', Singapore Management Review, vol. 25, issue 2, Singapore, 2003. See also John L. Graham and N. Mark Lam, 'The Chinese Negotiation', Harvard Business Review, October 2003, p. 90.
Duncan Calder told the committee that the whole issue of preserving face, having respect, dealing with people at the right levels of organisations, and not belittling people when you do not realise that they do not have the power to make decisions are important factors. Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 13.

[886] Kate Hutchings and Georgina Murray, 'Family, face and favours: Do Australians adjust to accepted business conventions in China?', Singapore Management Review, vol. 25, issue 2, Singapore, 2003.

[887] Kate Hutchings and Georgina Murray, 'Family, face and favours: Do Australians adjust to accepted business conventions in China?', Singapore Management Review, vol. 25, issue 2, Singapore, 2003.

[888] Kate Hutchings and Georgina Murray, 'Family, face and favours: Do Australians adjust to accepted business conventions in China?', Singapore Management Review, vol. 25, issue 2, Singapore, 2003.

[889] S. Macmillan, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 20.

[890] D. Goodman, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 59.

[891] Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 53.

[892] Australia China Business Council, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 13.

[893] Australia China Business Council, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 16.

[894] R. Davis, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 25.

[895] S. Morgan, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 8.

[896] Ian Heath, 'A perspective on Intellectual Property Protection in China', Growth, Melbourne, no. 55, May 2005, p. 71.

[897] Ian Heath, 'A perspective on Intellectual Property Protection in China', Growth, Melbourne, no. 55, May 2005, p. 70.

[898] Submission P26, pp. 5–6.

[899] Submission P26, p. 6.

[900] Submission P26, p. 7.

[901] Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 53.

[902] S. Morgan, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 6.

[903] S. Morgan, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 6.

[904] C. Woodard, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 25.

[905] Submission P26, p. 8.

[906] C. Mackerras, Submission P54, p. 9.

[907] See for example C. Mackerras, Submission P54, p. 9.

[908] Transcript of the Prime Minister, the Hon John Howard MP, Address to the Asia Society Lunch, the Asia Society, New York City, 12 September 2005.

[909] S. Harris, 'Does China matter? The global economic issues', Department of International Relations, ANU, Canberra, September 2003, p. 3.

[910] J. Fitzgerald, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 82.

[911] Submission P2, p. 4.

[912] J. Jacobs, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 36.

[913] The full text of the white paper, 'China's Progress in Human Rights in 2004', is reproduced in China through a lens.

[914] Amnesty International Report 2005, http://web.amnesty.org/report2005/chn-summary-eng (accessed 9 August 2005).

[915] Amnesty International Report 2005, http://web.amnesty.org/report2005/chn-summary-eng (accessed 9 August 2005). It should be noted that this same report criticised Australia stating that the rights of indigenous Australians remained a concern and that measures to combat 'terrorism' led to legislative amendments with implications for civil rights. It also noted that 'limited options for permanent residency were introduced, although thousands of refugees remained in limbo' and 'refugee families were kept separate by the government's policy of mandatory and indefinite detention'.

[916] C. Woodard, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 32.

[917] S. Morgan, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, pp. 6–7.

[918] S. Morgan, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, pp. 8–9.

[919] P. Ranald, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 6.

[920] J. Jacobs, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 36.

[921] A. Kent, Submission P77, p. 4. Dr Kent is an international relations scholar specialising on China. She is an ARC Australian Research Fellow at the Centre for International and Public Law, Faculty of Law, Australian National University.

[922] Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade References Committee, Mr Chen Yonglin's request for political asylum, September 2005.

[923] See Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade References Committee, Mr Chen Yonglin's request for political asylum, September 2005, Appendix 5. D. Goodman, Submission P53, p. 1.

[924] Australia Falun Dafa Information Centre, http://www.falunau.org/aboutdafa.htm
(accessed 14 July 2005).

[925] See for example, Transcript, 'AM', 28 June 2005.

[926] Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, press conference transcripts, 'Chinese Minister for Foreign Affairs, Tang Jiaxuan, meeting the Australian Minister for Foreign Affairs, Alexander Downer', 19 March 2002. See also C. Mackerras, Submission P54, p. 17.

[927] Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, press conference transcripts, 'Chinese Minister for Foreign Affairs, Tang Jiaxuan, meeting the Australian Minister for Foreign Affairs, Alexander Downer', 19 March 2002.

[928] See for example answer to question on notice no. 202, 14 May 2002.

[929] J. Fitzgerald, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 82.

[930] J. Fitzgerald, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 80.

[931] J. Fitzgerald, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 82.

[932] Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 80.

[933] Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 83.

[934] Committee Hansard, 25 July 2005, pp. 3–5

[935] Committee Hansard, 25 July 2005, p. 2.

[936] DFAT, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2005, p. 3.

[937] C. Mackerras, Submission P54, p. 17.

[938] C. Mackerras, Submission P54, p. 17.

[939] C. Mackerras, Submission P54, p. 18.

[940] DFAT, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2005, p. 4.

[941] The Hon Alexander Downer, MP, Minister for Foreign Affairs, Australia, Media Release, FA146, 21 October 2004.

[942] Joint Press Statement for the 8^th China-Australia Human Rights Dialogue, 22 October 2004.

[943] Transcript, 'AM', 28 June 2005.

[944] See for example, Transcript, 'Lateline', 28 June 2005 and Transcript of the Prime Minister, the Hon. John Howard MP, Press Conference, SOFITEL Hotel, Boao Forum, 22 April 2005.

[945] DFAT, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2005, p. 4.

[946] DFAT, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2005, p. 24.

[947] DFAT, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2005, p. 9.

[948] Committee Hansard, 25 July 2005, p. 2.

[949] P. Ranald, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 9.

[950] P. Ranald, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 6.

[951] J. Jacobs, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 36.

[952] Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 62.

[953] Committee Hansard, 16 June 2005, p. 9.

[954] Submission P79, p. 3.

[955] Joint Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade, Australia's Human Rights Dialogue Process, September 2005, p. 38.

[956] Joint Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade, Australia's Human Rights Dialogue Process, September 2005, p. 41.

[957] S. Morgan, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, pp. 6–7.

[958] See for example, S. Morgan, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, pp. 6–7.

[959] Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 8.

[960] J. Jacobs, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 46.

[961] J. Jacobs, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 49.

[962] Committee Hansard, 25 July 2005, p. 3.

[963] J. Harrowell, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 41.

[964] Submission P79, p. 2.

[965] Submission P79, p. 2.

[966] See for example, International Labour Organization, The ILO in China, http://www.ilo.org/public/english/region/asro/beijing/inchina.htm (accessed 26 August 2005); Amnesty International, Fundamental Rights at Work, Amnesty's International Concerns to the International Labour Conference (4–20 June 2002). Amnesty International Report, 2005.

[967] See also Serena Lillywhite, Manager, Ethical Business, Brotherhood of St Laurence, Australia, 'Pursuing corporate responsibility in China—experiences of a small enterprise in the optical industry', OECD Roundtable on Corporate Responsibility, OECD Headquarters, Paris, 19 June 2002.

[968] Australian Fair Trade and Investment Network, Submission P16, pp. 6–7.

[969] Australian Fair Trade and Investment Network, Submission P16, p. 6.

[970] Australian Fair Trade and Investment Network, Submission P16, pp. 7–8.

[971] Australian Fair Trade and Investment Network, Submission P16, p. 7.

[972] Australian Fair Trade and Investment Network, Submission P16, p. 8.

[973] See also 'China's deathtrap mines claim 30 more lives', Australian Financial Review, 10 June 2005, p. 10. This article notes that unofficial sources suggest that as many as 20,000 miners may have died in industrial accidents in 2004.

[974] Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 2.

[975] P. Ranald, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 3.

[976] P. Ranald, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 1.

[977] S. Burrow, Australian Council of Trade Unions, Submission P42, p. 6.

[978] S. Burrow, Australian Council of Trade Unions, Submission P42, p. 6.

[979] Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, pp. 74–5.

[980] Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 77.

[981] Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 76.

[982] D. Cameron, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 76.

[983] D. Cameron, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 78.

[984] Submission P36, pp. 4 and 25.

[985] Submission P36, pp. 4 and 25.

[986] Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 72.

[987] Committee Hansard, 16 June 2005, p. 5.

[988] Committee Hansard, 16 June 2005, p. 6.

[989] Committee Hansard, 16 June 2005, p. 6.

[990] P. Ranald, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, pp. 9–10.

[991] P. Ranald, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, pp. 3 and 7.

[992] P. Ranald, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 8.

[993] Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 75.

[994] Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 27.

[995] Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, pp. 26–27.

[996] Australia China Business Council, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 14.

[997] P. Ranald, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 10.

[998] Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 79.

[999] Donald Johnston, OECD Secretary-General, 'Promoting Corporate Responsibility: the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises', p. 6.

[1000] The OECD Declaration and Decisions on International Investment and Multinational Enterprises: Basic Texts.

[1001] Serena Lillywhite, Manager, Ethical Business, Brotherhood of St Laurence, Australia, 'Pursuing corporate responsibility in China—experiences of a small enterprise in the optical industry', OECD Roundtable on Corporate Responsibility, OECD Headquarters, Paris, 19 June 2002.

[1002] Dr Anita Chan, 'Chinese Labour Standards, China's trade union federation, and the question of engagement', Conference Paper, ACTU House, Melbourne, 14–15 February 2005.

[1003] Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 75.

[1004] G. Woodard, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 26.

[1005] Asialink, Submission P18, p. 7.

[1006] Asian Studies Association of Australia, Submission P65, p. 4.

[1007] M. Welch, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 54.

[1008] S. Morgan, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 1.

[1009] S. Morgan, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 3.

[1010] D. Goodman, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 53.

[1011] J. Fitzgerald, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 88.

[1012] R. Little, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 44.

[1013] R. Little, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 45.

[1014] Asian Studies Association of Australia, Submission P65, p. 1.

[1015] R. Jeffrey, Submission P65, p. 1.

[1016] Asian Studies Association of Australia, Submission P65, Attachment, p. 13.

[1017] G. Sigley, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 69.

[1018] G. Sigley, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 69.

[1019] R. Davis, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 26.

[1020] R. Tan, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 35.

[1021] D. Altman, quoted in Asian Studies Association of Australia, Submission P65, Attachment, p. 8.

[1022] F. Buffington, Committee Hansard, 14 June 2005, p. 45.

[1023] M. Welch, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 54.

[1024] J. McGregor, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 62.

[1025] D. Dysart, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 38.

[1026] Asia Education Foundation, Submission P21, p. 2.

[1027] M. Welch, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 53.

[1028] M. Welch, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 53.

[1029] M. Welch, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 58.

[1030] M. Welch, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 54.

[1031] M. Welch, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, pp. 60–61.

[1032] Asian Studies Association Website, http://coombs.anu.edu.au/ASAA/ (accessed 23 August 2005). The objects of the ASAA are: to promote the study of Asian languages, societies, cultures, and polities in Australia; to support teaching and research in Asian studies; to encourage the exchange of information through publications, conferences and seminars, and to act as publishers of periodicals and monographs; to contribute towards an understanding of Asia in the community at large; and to facilitate contacts between scholars and teachers in the field of Asian studies and to serve as a professional body representing their interests to governments and the community.

[1033] Asian Studies Association of Australia, Submission P65, p. 5.

[1034] D. Dysart, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 38.

[1035] D. Dysart, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 38.

[1036] WA Government, Department of the Premier and Cabinet, Submission P45, p. 3.

[1037] J. Gunningham, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 27.

[1038] Submission P1A, p. 4.

[1039] University of Melbourne Uninews vol 14. No. 13, 25 July- 8 August, http://uninews.unimelb.edu.au/articleid_2572.html (accessed: 23 August 2005).

[1040] G. Sigley, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 67.

[1041] G. Sigley, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 67.

[1042] G. Sigley, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 66.

[1043] G. Sigley, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 71.

[1044] G. Sigley, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 67.

[1045] G. Sigley, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 72.

[1046] G. Sigley, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 67.

[1047] G. Sigley, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 67.

[1048] The Confucius Institutes are discussed in more detail below in chapter 16, paragraph 16.24.

[1049] Asian Studies Association of Australia, Submission P65, p. 8.

[1050] Asian Studies Association of Australia, Submission P65, Attachment, p. 47.

[1051] Asian Studies Association of Australia, Submission P65, Attachment, p. 50.

[1052] Asian Studies Association of Australia, Submission P65, Attachment, p. 51.

[1053] Asian Studies Association of Australia, Submission P65, Attachment, p. 52.

[1054] Asian Studies Association of Australia, Submission P65, Attachment, pp. 57 and 63.

[1055] Asian Studies Association of Australia, Submission P65, Attachment, pp. 58–59 and 62.

[1056] Asian Studies Association of Australia, Submission P65, Attachment, p. 64.

[1057] Asian Studies Association of Australia, Submission P65, p. 10.

[1058] D. Goodman, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 61.

[1059] M. Welch, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 54.

[1060] M. Welch, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, pp. 54–55.

[1061] D. Goodman, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 56.

[1062] S. Morgan, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 8.

[1063] S. Morgan, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 8.

[1064] G. Sigley, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 74.

[1065] G. Sigley, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 74.

[1066] S. Morgan, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 3.

[1067] S. Morgan, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 3.

[1068] V. Kelly, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, pp. 20–21.

[1069] See http://www.britishcouncil.org.

[1070] F. Buffinton, Committee Hansard, 14 June 2005, pp. 31–32.

[1071] D. Dysart, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 37.

[1072] D. Dysart, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 37.

[1073] D. Dysart, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 37.

[1074] Edmund S.K.Fung 'Education, Science and Culture', Colin Mackerras (ed.), Australia and China: Partners in Asia, Melbourne, 1996, p. 129.

[1075] V. Kelly, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 17.

[1076] Australian Film Commission, Submission P43, p. 2.

[1077] Jocelyn Chey, 'From Rosny to the Great Wall: Cultural Relations and Public Diplomacy', Nicholas Thomas (ed.), Re-Orienting Australia China Relations, p. 163.

[1078] Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Think UK: Final Report, Feb 2004, www.fco.gov.uk
(accessed: 22 May 2004).

[1079] HE Christopher Hurn, British Ambassador to China, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Think UK: Final Report, Feb 2004, p. 7.

[1080] Christopher Ross, 'Public Diplomacy Comes of Age', The Washington Quarterly, 25:2, p. 75.

[1081] Christopher Ross, 'Public Diplomacy Comes of Age', The Washington Quarterly, 25:2, p. 80.

[1082] Jocelyn Chey, 'From Rosny to the Great Wall: Cultural Relations and Public Diplomacy', Nicholas Thomas (ed.), Re-Orienting Australia China Relations, p. 165.

[1083] Jocelyn Chey, 'From Rosny to the Great Wall: Cultural Relations and Public Diplomacy', Nicholas Thomas (ed.), Re-Orienting Australia China Relations, p. 172.

[1084] Jocelyn Chey, 'From Rosny to the Great Wall: Cultural Relations and Public Diplomacy', Nicholas Thomas (ed.), Re-Orienting Australia China Relations, pp. 175–176.

[1085] West Australian Symphony Orchestra, Submission P59, p. 2.

[1086] WA Government, Department of the Premier and Cabinet, Submission P45, p. 4.

[1087] WA Government, Department of the Premier and Cabinet, Submission P45, p. 30.

[1088] D. Casey, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 19.

[1089] D. Casey, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 19.

[1090] D. Casey, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, pp. 29–30. Ms Dysart, on behalf of the ACC, also underlined the importance of cultural exchange to the bilateral relationship. It is only through direct experience of each other’s cultural values that we can get to know each other and trust each other so that there are no misunderstandings and we can move forward in our business dealings, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 32.

[1091] D. Dysart, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 32.

[1092] D. Dysart, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 32.

[1093] D. Dysart, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, pp. 33–34.

[1094] D. Dysart, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 39.

[1095] J. McGregor, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 51.

[1096] J. McGregor, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 63.

[1097] J. McGregor, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 51.

[1098] J. McGregor, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 55.

[1099] J. McGregor, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 56.

[1100] G. Sigley, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 68.

[1101] Media Entertainment and Arts Alliance, Submission P44, pp. 16–17.

[1102] DCITA, Submission P62, p. 5.

[1103] DCITA, Submission P62, p. 5.

[1104] Media Release: 'Australian films to feature at Australia-China film co-production seminar', 12 July 2005, http://www.minister.dcita.gov.au/kemp/media/mediareleases
(accessed 29 August 2005).

[1105] Media Entertainment and Arts Alliance, Submission P44, p. 17.

[1106] Media Entertainment and Arts Alliance, Submission P44, p. 17.

[1107] See http://www.arts.voc.gov.au/arts/general/archive/release/16mso.htm
(accessed 30 August 2005).

[1108] D. Dysart, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 34.

[1109] Australian–China Council, 2003–2004 Annual Report, p. 11. In 2003–04, Australian studies centres in China published 12 books and more than 40 articles in academic journals. It had over 70 academics researching and teaching Australian studies; taught more than 60 PhD or Masters students writing Australian studies theses; and taught more than 1700 university students doing courses in Australian studies.

[1110] Australian–China Council, 2003-2004 Annual Report, p. 10.

[1111] West Australian Symphony Orchestra, Submission P59, p. 2.

[1112] West Australian Symphony Orchestra, Submission P59, p. 2.

[1113] West Australian Symphony Orchestra, Submission P59, p. 2.

[1114] West Australian Symphony Orchestra, Submission P59, p. 7.

[1115] West Australian Symphony Orchestra, Submission P59, pp. 7–8.

[1116] See http://www.arts.vic.gov.au/arts/news/media/22Tapestry.htm (accessed 30 August 2005).

[1117] National Library of Australia, Submission P32, p. 1.

[1118] National Library of Australia, Submission P32, p. 1.

[1119] WA Government, Department of the Premier and Cabinet, Submission P45, p. 1.

[1120] Jocelyn Chey, 'From Rosny to the Great Wall: Cultural Relations and Public Diplomacy', Nicholas Thomas (ed.), Re-Orienting Australia China Relations, pp. 166–167.

[1121] Mike D'Arcy 'China-Australia Sporting Relations: History and Prospects', Colin Mackerras (ed.), Australia and China: Partners in Asia, Melbourne, 1996, p. 157.

[1122] Mike D'Arcy 'China-Australia Sporting Relations: History and Prospects', Colin Mackerras (ed.), Australia and China: Partners in Asia, Melbourne, 1996, p. 157.

[1123] Mike D'Arcy 'China-Australia Sporting Relations: History and Prospects', Colin Mackerras (ed.), Australia and China: Partners in Asia, Melbourne, 1996, pp.158–161.

[1124] WA Government, Department of the Premier and Cabinet, Submission P45, p.1.

[1125] Mr Scott Derwin, http://sportsaustralia.com/articles/jun05/artid3279.html
(accessed 29 August 2005).

[1126] Media Release: 'The Australia China Oration Series 2002', http://www.austemb.org.cn
(accessed 29 August 2005).

[1127] DCITA, Submission P62, p. 7.

[1128] DCITA, Submission P62, p. 7.

[1129] John Taylor 'Correspondents Report—Australia seeks sporting ties with China' 7 November 2004, http://www.abc.net.au/correspondents/content/2004/s1236242.htm
(accessed 29 August 2005).

[1130] John Taylor 'Correspondents Report—Australia seeks sporting ties with China' 7 November 2004, http://www.abc.net.au/correspondents/content/2004/s1236242.htm
(accessed 29 August 2005).

[1131] J. Chen, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 82.

[1132] J. Chen, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 83.

[1133] D. Dysart, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 35.

[1134] D. Dysart, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 35.

[1135] Jocelyn Chey, 'From Rosny to the Great Wall: Cultural Relations and Public Diplomacy', Nicholas Thomas (ed.), Re-Orienting Australia China Relations, p. 178.

[1136] R. Tan, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 37.

[1137] R. Tan, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 33.

[1138] R. Tan, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 39.

[1139] Federation of Ethnic Communities' Councils of Australia, Submission P14, p. 1.

[1140] J. Fitzgerald, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 79.

[1141] J. Fitzgerald, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p.80.

[1142] J. Fitzgerald, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, pp. 88–89.

[1143] J. Fitzgerald, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 88.

[1144] J. Fitzgerald, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 89.

[1145] V. Kelly, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 21.

[1146] Stephen Fitzgerald, China 2001–2010: An Update, additional information provided by AusAID, p. 2.

[1147] DEST, Submission P30, p. 15.

[1148] DEST, Submission P30, Attachment 1, p. 1. See also OECD Science and Technology Industry Outlook, vol. I (2004), no. 76, p. 21.

[1149] DEST, Submission P30, Attachment 1, p. 1.

[1150] DEST, Submission P30, Attachment 1, pp. 1–2.

[1151] Senate FADT References Committee, Australia China Relations, June 1996, pp. 152–153.

[1152] H. Borthwick, Committee Hansard, 14 June 2004, p. 24.

[1153] DEST, Submission P30, p. 17.

[1154] Including CSIRO, Australian Research Council, Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, Australian Vice-Chancellors’ Committee, National Health and Medical Research Council, Australian Academy of Science, Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering, and the Department of Industry, Tourism and Resources.

[1155] DEST, Submission P30, p. 18.

[1156] DEH, Submission P27, p. 4.

[1157] DEH, Submission P27, pp. 5–7.

[1158] DEH, Submission P27, p. 8.

[1159] Australian Academy of Science and Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering, Submission P58, p. 1.

[1160] Australian Academy of Science and Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering, Submission P58, p. 1.

[1161] A. Smith, Committee Hansard, 20 June 2005, p. 14.

[1162] Australian Academy of Science and Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering, Submission P58, p. 3.

[1163] CSIRO, Submission P38, p. 3.

[1164] CSIRO, Submission P38, p. 4.

[1165] CSIRO, Submission P38, p. 8.

[1166] ARC, Submission P71, p. 1.

[1167] ARC, Submission P71, p. 1.

[1168] ARC, Submission P71, pp. 2–22.

[1169] Embassy of the People's Republic of China in Australia, Submission P66.

[1170] Embassy of the People's Republic of China in Australia, Submission P66, p. 30.

[1171] Embassy of the People's Republic of China in Australia, Submission P66, p. 30.

[1172] Embassy of the People's Republic of China in Australia, Submission P66, pp. 30–31.

[1173] Embassy of the People's Republic of China in Australia, Submission P66, p. 31.

[1174] CSIRO Submission P38, pp. 3 and 6–7.

[1175] M. Bun, Committee Hansard, 20 June 2005, p. 16.

[1176] CSIRO, Submission P38, p. 8.

[1177] CSIRO, Submission P38, p. 3.

[1178] Australian Academy of Science and Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering, Submission P58, p. 1.

[1179] A. Smith, Committee Hansard, 20 June 2005, p. 17.

[1180] Australian Academy of Science and Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering, Submission P58, p. 3.

[1181] M. Bun, Committee Hansard, 20 June 2005, p. 17.

[1182] CSIRO, Submission P38, p. 7.

[1183] M. Bun, Committee Hansard, 20 June 2005, p. 16.

[1184] M. Bun, Committee Hansard, 20 June 2005, p. 15.

[1185] T.Y. Leong, Committee Hansard, 20 June 2005, p. 16.

[1186] Australian Academy of Science and Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering, Submission P58, p. 1.

[1187] CSIRO, Submission P38, p. 5.

[1188] Australian Academy of Science and Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering, Submission P58, pp. 2–3.

[1189] A. Smith, Committee Hansard, 20 June 2005, p. 14.

[1190] I. Carruthers, Committee Hansard, 20 June 2005, p. 30.

[1191] H. Borthwick, Committee Hansard, 14 June 2005, p. 25.

[1192] A. Smith, Committee Hansard, 20 June 2005, p. 17.

[1193] Australian Academy of Science and Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering, Submission P58, p. 3.

[1194] Committee Hansard, 14 June 2005, pp. 41–42.

[1195] Committee Hansard, 14 June 2005, p. 42.

[1196] A. Smith, Committee Hansard, 20 June 2005, p. 21.

[1197] M. Bun, Committee Hansard, 20 June 2005, p. 21.

[1198] S. Sedgley, Committee Hansard, 20 June 2005, p. 22.

[1199] D. Dysart, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 32.

[1200] http://www.polexchange.org.au (accessed 5 July 2005).

[1201] http://www.polexchange.org.au (accessed 5 July 2005).

[1202] P. Hutchinson, Committee Hansard, 21 June 2005, p. 22.

[1203] FaCS, Submission P25, p. 3.

[1204] T. Murton, Committee Hansard, 21 June 2005, p. 23.

[1205] T. Murton, Committee Hansard, 21 June 2005, p. 23.

[1206] L. Trainor, Committee Hansard, 21 June 2005, pp. 28–29.

[1207] L. Trainor and T. Murton, Committee Hansard, 21 June 2005, p. 28.

[1208] T. Murton, Committee Hansard, 21 June 2005, p. 28.

[1209] R. Taylor, Committee Hansard, 14 June 2005, p. 4.

[1210] R. Taylor, Committee Hansard, 14 June 2005, p. 12.

[1211] R. Taylor, Committee Hansard, 14 June 2005, p. 14.

[1212] Senator the Hon Chris Ellison, Media Release 'Australia and China strengthen law enforcement ties', 6 April 2005, http://www.ag.gov.au/www/justiceministerhome.nsf
(accessed: 3 August 2005).

[1213] Senator the Hon Chris Ellison, Media Release 'Australia and China strengthen law enforcement ties', 6 April 2005, http://www.ag.gov.au/www/justiceministerhome.nsf
(accessed: 3 August 2005).

[1214] V. Bath, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 89.

[1215] FECCA, Submission P14, p. 2.

[1216] Ms Elizabeth Pitts, 'Collaborators, Business Partners, Friends: Australia–China Sub-national Government Relations', Nicholas Thomas (ed.), Re–Orienting Australia–China Relations: 1972 to the Present, Ashgate, London, 2004, pp. 67–68.

[1217] Ms Elizabeth Pitts, 'Collaborators, Business Partners, Friends: Australia–China Sub-national Government Relations', Nicholas Thomas (ed.), Re–Orienting Australia–China Relations: 1972 to the Present, Ashgate, London, 2004, p. 69.

[1218] Ms Elizabeth Pitts, 'Collaborators, Business Partners, Friends: Australia–China Sub-national Government Relations', Nicholas Thomas (ed.), Re–Orienting Australia–China Relations: 1972 to the Present, Ashgate, London, 2004, p. 72.

[1219] Ms Elizabeth Pitts, 'Collaborators, Business Partners, Friends: Australia–China Sub-national Government Relations', Nicholas Thomas (ed.), Re–Orienting Australia–China Relations: 1972 to the Present, Ashgate, London, 2004, p. 74.

[1220] J. Fitzgerald, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 86.

[1221] Dr David Goodman, 'China's Provinces and Australia's States: Sister States and International Mates', Colin Mackerras (ed.), Australia and China: Partners in Asia, Macmillan, South Melbourne, 1996, p. 172.

[1222] Senate Foreign Affairs Defence and Trade References Committee, Australia China Relations, June 1996, p. 119.

[1223] www.acbc.com.au (accessed 1 September 2005).

[1224] Dr David Goodman, 'China's Provinces and Australia's States: Sister States and International Mates', Colin Mackerras (ed.), Australia and China: Partners in Asia, Macmillan, South Melbourne, 1996, p. 179.

[1225] Dr David Goodman, 'China's Provinces and Australia's States: Sister States and International Mates', Colin Mackerras (ed.), Australia and China: Partners in Asia, Macmillan, South Melbourne, 1996, p. 180.

[1226] Dr David Goodman, 'China's Provinces and Australia's States: Sister States and International Mates', Colin Mackerras (ed.), Australia and China: Partners in Asia, Macmillan, South Melbourne, 1996, p. 180.

[1227] Dr David Goodman, 'China's Provinces and Australia's States: Sister States and International Mates', Colin Mackerras (ed.), Australia and China: Partners in Asia, Macmillan, South Melbourne, 1996, p. 181.

[1228] WA Government, Department of the Premier and Cabinet, Submission P45, p. 25.

[1229] M. Beach, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 15.

[1230] WA Government, Department of the Premier and Cabinet, Submission P45.

[1231] WA Government, Department of the Premier and Cabinet, Submission P45, pp. 26–27.

[1232] J. Gunningham, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 26.

[1233] G. Sigley, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, pp. 67–68.

[1234] Premier of Queensland and Minister for Trade, Submission P1A, p. 2.

[1235] Premier of Queensland and Minister for Trade Submission P1A, p. 2.

[1236] Premier of Queensland and Minister for Trade Submission P1A, p. 2.

[1237] Premier of Queensland and Minister for Trade Submission P1A, p. 3.

[1238] Victorian Government, Submission P47, p. 1.

[1239] http://www.dpc.vic.gov.au/CA256D8000265E1A/page/Government+Initiatives-Victoria's+Sister+States!OpenDocument&1=10-Government+Initiatives~&2=60-Victoria's+Sister+States~&3=~ (accessed 30 August 2005).

[1240] http://www.dpc.vic.gov.au/CA256D8000265E1A/page/Government+Initiatives-Victoria's+Sister+States!OpenDocument&1=10-Government+Initiatives~&2=60-Victoria's+Sister+States~&3=~ (accessed 30 August 2005).

[1241] Ms Elizabeth Pitts, 'Collaborators, Business Partners, Friends: Australia–China Sub-national Government Relations', Nicholas Thomas (ed.), Re–Orienting Australia–China Relations: 1972 to the Present, Ashgate, London, 2004, p. 74.

[1242] Australian Sister Cities Association, Register of Affiliations, pp. 3–4, http://www.asca.asn.au/documents.html (accessed 11 August 2005).

[1243] Ms Elizabeth Pitts, 'Collaborators, Business Partners, Friends: Australia–China Sub-national Government Relations', Nicholas Thomas (ed.), Re–Orienting Australia–China Relations: 1972 to the Present, Ashgate, London, 2004, p. 69.

[1244] Source: Australian Sister Cities Association, Register of Affiliations, pp. 3–4, http://www.asca.asn.au/documents.html (accessed 11 August 2005).

[1245] Australian Local Government Association, Submission P67, pp. 4–6.

[1246] Wollongong City Council, Submission P10, p. 3.

[1247] http://www.wollongong.nsw.gov.au/2943_2972.htm (accessed 11 August 2005).

[1248] Wollongong City Council, Submission P10, pp. 2–14.

[1249] R. Doyle, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 88.

[1250] R. Doyle, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 88.

[1251] R. Doyle, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, pp. 92–93.

[1252] http://www.apcsummit.org/brisbanesistercities/ (accessed 29 August 2005).

[1253] http://www.epa.qld.gov.au/cultural_heritage/places_and_meanings/ekka_history/
(accessed 7 September 2005).

[1254] Cr Campbell Newman, Lord Mayor of Brisbane and Mr Xu Zongheng, Mayor of Shenzhen, Welcome Statement: Brisbane–Shenzhen Sister City Relationship, Shenzhen Exhibit, Royal Queensland Show.

[1255] Senate Foreign Affairs Defence and Trade References Committee, Australia China Relations, June 1996, p. 119.

[1256] Senate Foreign Affairs Defence and Trade References Committee, Australia China Relation s, June 1996, p. 119.

[1257] Senate Foreign Affairs Defence and Trade References Committee, Australia China Relation s, June 1996, Recommendation 10, p. 120.

[1258] V. Kelly, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 18.

[1259] Ms Elizabeth Pitts, 'Collaborators, Business Partners, Friends: Australia–China Sub-national Government Relations', Nicholas Thomas (ed.), Re–Orienting Australia–China Relations: 1972 to the Present, Ashgate, London, 2004, p. 81.

[1260] Ms Elizabeth Pitts, 'Collaborators, Business Partners, Friends: Australia–China Sub-national Government Relations', Nicholas Thomas (ed.), Re–Orienting Australia–China Relations: 1972 to the Present, Ashgate, London, 2004, p. 68.

[1261] Ms Elizabeth Pitts, 'Collaborators, Business Partners, Friends: Australia–China Sub-national Government Relations', Nicholas Thomas (ed.), Re–Orienting Australia–China Relations: 1972 to the Present, Ashgate, London, 2004, p. 68.

[1262] C. Woodard, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 26.

[1263] Ms Elizabeth Pitts, 'Collaborators, Business Partners, Friends: Australia–China Sub-national Government Relations', Nicholas Thomas (ed.), Re–Orienting Australia–China Relations: 1972 to the Present, Ashgate, London, 2004, p. 79.

[1264] Ms Elizabeth Pitts, 'Collaborators, Business Partners, Friends: Australia–China Sub-national Government Relations', Nicholas Thomas (ed.), Re–Orienting Australia–China Relations: 1972 to the Present, Ashgate, London, 2004, p. 79.

[1265] Ms Elizabeth Pitts, 'Collaborators, Business Partners, Friends: Australia–China Sub-national Government Relations', Nicholas Thomas (ed.), Re–Orienting Australia–China Relations: 1972 to the Present, Ashgate, London, 2004, p. 79.

[1266] Ms Elizabeth Pitts, 'Collaborators, Business Partners, Friends: Australia–China Sub-national Government Relations', Nicholas Thomas (ed.), Re–Orienting Australia–China Relations: 1972 to the Present, Ashgate, London, 2004, p. 81.

[1267] Stephen Fitzgerald, China 2001–2010: An Update, additional information provided by AusAID, p. 27.

[1268] Stephen Fitzgerald, China 2001–2010: An Update, additional information provided by AusAID, p. 27.

[1269] Stephen Fitzgerald, China 2001–2010: An Update, additional information provided by AusAID, p. 27.

[1270] Stephen Fitzgerald, China 2001–2010: An Update, additional information provided by AusAID. p. 27; see also J. Chen, Submission P60.

[1271] A. Tate, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, pp. 72–73.

[1272] A. Tate, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, pp. 73–74.

[1273] A. Tate, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 74.

[1274] A. Tate, Committee Hansard, 27 June 2005, p. 75.

[1275] P. Ranald, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2005, p. 5.

[1276] J. Chen, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 76.

[1277] J. Chen, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 76.

[1278] J. Chen, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 76.

[1279] J. Chen, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 76.

[1280] J. Chen, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 77.

[1281] J. Chen, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 77.

[1282] J. Chen, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 79.

[1283] J. Chen, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 81.

[1284] J. Chen, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 83.

[1285] J. Chen, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 78.

[1286] J. Chen, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 78.

[1287] J. Chen, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 81.

[1288] J. Chen, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, pp. 81–82.

[1289] Stephen Fitzgerald, China 2001–2010: An Update, additional information provided by AusAID, p. 27.

[1290] Stephen Fitzgerald, China 2001–2010: An Update, additional information provided by AusAID, pp. 29–30.

[1291] R. Tan, Committee Hansard, 1 August 2005, p. 35.