Footnotes

Executive Summary

[1]        Joint Select Committee on Gambling Reform, First Report, The design and implementation of a mandatory pre-commitment system for electronic gaming machines, May 2011, p. 97.

[2]        Productivity Commission, Gambling, vol 1, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2010, p. 7.3.

[3]        See Clubs Australia, answers to questions on notice, received 27 July 2012; Australasian Casino Association, answers to questions on notice, received 5 September 2012; and Australian Hotels Association, answers to questions on notice, received 17 September 2012.

Chapter 1 - Introduction and conduct of the inquiry

[1]        Journals of the Senate, No. 75—9 February 2012, p. 2072.

[2]        Productivity Commission, Gambling, vol.1, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2010, p. 13.

[3]        Parliamentary Joint Select Committee on Gambling Reform, Second Report: Interactive and online gambling and gambling advertising, Interactive Gambling and Broadcasting Amendment (Online Transactions and Other Measures) Bill 2011, December 2011.

[4]        Dr Sally Gainsbury and Professor Alex Blaszczynski, Submission 7, Inquiry into interactive and online gambling and gambling advertising.

[5]        See: http://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Joint/Former_Committees/gamblingreform/completedinquires/2010-13/preventiontreatment/hearings/index.

Chapter 2

[1]        Parliamentary Joint Select Committee on Gambling Reform, First report: the design and implementation of a mandatory pre-commitment system for electronic gaming machines, May 2011, pp 49–57.

[2]        Gambling Impact Society NSW, Submission 30, p. 1.

[3]        Ms Kate Roberts, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 36.

[4]        Ms Kate Roberts, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 36.

[5]        Dr Jennifer Borrell, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 20.

[6]        Dr Jennifer Borrell, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 20.

[7]        Rev. Tim Costello, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 20.

[8]        Mr Mark Henley, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, pp 9–10.

[9]        Mr Mark Henley, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 10.

[10]      Ms Amanda Jones, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 28.

[11]      Mr Gary Banks, Productivity Commission, Committee Hansard, 15 February 2011, p. 42; Parliamentary Joint Select Committee on Gambling Reform, First report: the design and implementation of a mandatory pre-commitment system for electronic gaming machines, May 2011, pp 49–57.

[12]      Productivity Commission, Gambling, vol.1, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2010, p. 3.17.

[13]      Government response to the Parliamentary Joint Select Committee's First Report, available from: http://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Joint/Former_Committees/gamblingreform/completedinquires/2010-13/precommitmentscheme/index

[14]      Productivity Commission, Gambling, vol.1, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2010, p. 3.17.

[15]      Ministerial Council on Gambling Progress Report to Council of Australian Governments on Implementation of the National Framework on Problem Gambling 2004-2008 (NFPG) 01 January 2006 – 31 December 2008 (accessed 27 June 2012).

[16]      Productivity Commission, Gambling, vol.1, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2010, p. 3.18. The criticism was levelled by Livingstone, Woolley & Keleher in a submission.

[17]      Victorian Auditor General, Taking action on problem gambling, Victorian Auditor General, Melbourne, July 2010, p. ix (accessed 27 June 2012).

[18]      Queensland Government, Evaluation of the Queensland Responsible Gambling Strategy, Queensland Government Office of Regulatory Policy, 2010, p. 84 (accessed 27 June 2012).

[19]      COAG, National Partnership Agreement on Preventative Health, 2009-2015.

[20]      Gambling Research Australia is a national research body set up in 2001 by the Council of Australian Governments.

[21]      Dr Sally Gainsbury, Submission 37, p. 12.

[22]      Dr Sally Gainsbury, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 14.

[23]      Professor Debra Rickwood, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 31.

[24]      See Tasmanian Government, Tasmanian Gaming Commission 2010-11Annual Report, p. 6.

[25]      Ms Kate Roberts, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, pp 36–37.

[26]      Professor Malcolm Battersby, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 1.

[27]      Professor Malcolm Battersby, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 1.

[28]      Ms Kate Roberts, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, pp 39–40.

[29]      Gambling Impact Society NSW, Submission 30, p. 2.

[30]      Enough Pokies in Castlemaine, Submission 45, p. 2.

[31]      Victorian Commission for Gambling Regulation, Decision and Reasons for Decision, 3 February 2012, available from: http://enoughpokies.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/mhs_decision.pdf (accessed 28 May 2012).

[32]      Information available from EPIC website: http://enoughpokies.org/ (accessed 28 May 2012).

[33]      Maurice Blackburn Lawyers, 'EPIC battle against pokies to break new ground', Media release, 8 June 2012.

[34]      Information available from EPIC website: http://enoughpokies.org/ (accessed 27 June 2012).

[35]      Rev. Tim Costello, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 26.

[36]      Fran Cusworth, 'Whittlesea spend $225,000 on pokies battle', The Northern Weekly, 10 April 2012; City of Whittlesea Council, 'Laurimar tavern update', 23 August 2011; City of Whittlesea Council 'Laurimar Tavern Court decision', 1 July 2011.

[37]      Anna Whitelaw, 'Whittlesea Council to block club pokies push', Northern Weekly, 5 March 2012.

[38]      Suzanne Robson, 'Protest against pokies in Whittlesea', Whittlesea Leader, 2 July 2012.

[39]      Peter Collins, 'Warrnambool mayor backs legality of pokies vote', The Warrnambool Standard, 13 January 2012.

[40]      Alex Sinnott, 'City council hails tribunal's decision as pub's pokies refused', The Warrnambool Standard, 28 April 2012.

[41]      Peter Collins, 'Warrnambool City Council ups stakes in anti-pokies fight', The Warrnambool Standard, 27 March 2012.

[42]      Karen Sweeney, 'Foundry hits jackpot with pokies application', The Bendigo Advertiser, 20 April 2011.

[43]      Anthony Loncaric, 'VCAT overruled Brimbank on pokies', Brimbank Weekly, 10 January 2012; Laura Wakely, 'More pokies upheld', Star News Group, 15 March 2012.

[44]      Neelima Choahan, 'Ballarat pokie talks snub', The Courier, 13 February 2012.

[45]      Emma Schmidt, 'Monash Council ponders pokies appeal', Waverley Leader, 29 May 2012.  See also http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-05-18/more-pokies-for-melbournes-poorest-suburbs/4020650.

[46]      Stephanie Anderson, 'Council goes to VCAT to fight 'pokies plague'', ABC News Online, 30 May 2012.

[47]      Sally Spalding, 'Port Phillip pushes on to fight pokies', Caulfield Glen Eira Leader, 26 May 2012.

[48]      Ms Leah Galvin, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 51.

[49]      Ms Leah Galvin, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 51.

[50]      Anna Howard and Jessica Howard, 'Poker machine regulator barely more than a rubber stamp', Sydney Morning Herald, 9 February 2012.

[51]      See Romsey in 2009: http://www.romsey.org.au/news.php?id=33 (accessed 4 June 2012) and also Jan Juc in 2010 both of which had no poker machines: http://www.geelongadvertiser.com.au/article/2010/11/05/223461_news.html (accessed 4 June 2012). See also: http://www.vcgr.vic.gov.au/CA25766E0010A233/78824A2AAA2FF7B8CA25785B00182917/$file/DecisionBeachHotelJanJuc041010.pdf (accessed 4 June 2012).

[52]      Ms Leah Galvin, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, pp 54–55.

[53]      St Luke's Anglicare, Submission 13, p. 7.

[54]      Ms Leah Galvin, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 54.

[55]      Ms Leah Galvin, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 55.

[56]      St Luke's Anglicare, Submission 13, p. 7.

[57]      St Luke's Anglicare, Submission 13, p. 8. See also Ms Joyce Sanders, Submission 11.

[58]      Jacob Saulwick and Matthew Moore, 'Club shifts pokies to poorer punters', Sydney Morning Herald, 15 October 2011; Sally Lee, 'Plans on hold as club pulls pin on funding', Fairfield Champion, 9 May 2012; Leesha McKenny, 'Club cancels funding over pokies row', Sydney Morning Herald, 9 May 2012.

[59]      Joel Rheinberger, 'Poisonous shellfish and poker machines', 936 ABC Hobart, 5 June 2012. View the forum at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jNU78e3UCKw&feature=relmfu and http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kc2L7NFtOGQ&feature=relmfu.

[60]      Matt Smith, 'Council say on pokies sought', The Mercury, 18 June 2012.

[61]      UnitingCare Australia, Assessment of poker machine expenditure and community benefit claims in selected Commonwealth Electoral Divisions, April 2012, p. 4.

[62]      Professor Alex Blaszczynski, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 14.

[63]      Professor Dan Lubman, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 48. See Barratt, M., Livingston, M., Matthews, S. & Clemens, S. (in press). Gaming machine density is correlated with rates of help seeking for problem gambling: A local area analysis in Victoria, Australia. Journal of Gambling Issues.

[64]      Ms Emma Sampson, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, pp 31–32.

[65]      Ms Leah Galvin, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 50.

[66]      See: http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-05-18/more-pokies-for-melbournes-poorest-suburbs/4020650. See also: Sally Spalding, 'Port Phillip pushes on to fight pokies', Caufield Glen Eira Leader, 26 May 2012; Municipal Association of Victoria, State Council, 17 May 2012, Resolutions from membership. Note: In 2010-11 in Maribyrnong, which according to the ABS covers Melbourne's second most disadvantaged suburb of Braybrook, $985 was spent by each adult compared with the state average of $613, see http://www.vcgr.vic.gov.au/CA256F800017E8D4/gamblinginfo/A9CDBCD1535E0085CA25790500031F7E?OpenDocument (accessed 20 June 2012). See also Alesha Capone, 'Gambling grief rises', Star News Group, 19 June 2012.

[67]      Municipal Association of Victoria, Strategic Work Plan 2012-13, May 2012, p. 13.

[68]      Anthony Loncaric, 'Rates respite for three gaming venues', Brimbank Weekly, 29 May 2012.

[69]      See Victorian Greens, 'Greens take on big parties in fight for Local Council's right to tackle problem gambling', Media Release, 16 August 2012 which indicates that both Liberal and Labor parties will be supporting the Local Government Legislation Amendment Bill 2012 which would prevent local councils from charging differential rates.

[70]      Kristian Silva, 'Council defends Manningham pokies sting', Melbourne Weekly Eastern, 29 May 2012; Laura Wakely, 'Rates hike anger', Star News Group, 29 May 2012. See also John Masanauskas, 'Council rates battle', Herald Sun, 21 May 2012, p. 12; Miki Perkins, 'City push for extra rates on pokie sites', The Age, 21 June 2012.

[71]      Information available from: http://www.vcgr.vic.gov.au/CA256F800017E8D4/LicInfo/A4562839C30D540CCA25777C000428F9?OpenDocument (accessed 14 June 2012).

[72]      Poker machine caps are a legal limit on how many poker machines can be operated within specific geographic areas of Victoria. Caps are set by the Minister for Gaming but the minister may refer his powers to the VCGLR. See http://www.vcgr.vic.gov.au/CA256F800017E8D4/LicInfo/07758F2C146D2A1DCA25777D0081CC21?OpenDocument (accessed 28 May 2012). See also Ms Leah Galvin, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 54.

[73]      Victorian Commission for Gambling Regulation, 'Poker machine numbers to be reviewed in parts of Victoria', Media Release, 4 May 2009.

[74]      Information available from: http://www.vcgr.vic.gov.au/CA256F800017E8D4/gamblinginfo/DF7FE2471BC986ABCA25799F00173390?OpenDocument (accessed 20 June 2012).

[75]      Responsible Gambling Advocacy Centre, Information Sheet, Pokies Caps in Victoria, March 2012.

[76]      Ms Leah Galvin, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 54.

[77]      See: http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-05-18/more-pokies-for-melbournes-poorest-suburbs/4020650.

[78]      See Mr Rob Oakeshott MP, Federal Member for Lyne, 'Oakeshott puts gambling reform to the parliament', Media release, 15 February 2012.

[79]      See http://vcec.vic.gov.au/CA256EAF001C7B21/pages/vcec-inquiries-current-inquiry-into-social-and-economic-costs-of-problem-gambling (accessed 23 July 2012).

[80]      See http://www.vcec.vic.gov.au/CA256EAF001C7B21/WebObj/TermsofReference-ProblemGamblingInquiry/$File/Terms%20of%20Reference%20-%20Problem%20Gambling%20Inquiry.pdf (accessed 23 July 2012).

Chapter 3 - Approaches to prevention

[1]        Parliamentary Joint Select Committee on Gambling Reform, First report: The design and implementation of a mandatory pre-commitment system for electronic gaming machines, May 2011, pp 49–57. Nancy M. Petry, Pathological Gambling: Etiology, Comorbidity, and Treatment, American Psychological Association, 2005, p. 13; The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists, Submission 27, p. 5.

[2]        Productivity Commission, Gambling, vol.1, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2010, p. 7.7.

[3]        Productivity Commission, Gambling, vol.1, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2010, p. 7.8.

[4]        Productivity Commission, Gambling, vol.1, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2010, p. 7.1.

[5]        Productivity Commission, Gambling, vol.1, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2010, p. 7.9.

[6]        Productivity Commission, Gambling, vol.1, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2010, p. 7.9.

[7]        The Responsible Gambling Advocacy Centre (RGAC) ceased operations on 30 June 2012. Many of the functions of the RGAC, including providing information to the public about responsible gambling and its regulation in Victoria, will continue to be provided by the Gambling Information Resource Office, which is part of the newly established Victorian Responsible Gambling Foundation.

[8]        Ms Penny Wilson, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 28.

[9]        Dr Samantha Thomas, Submission 52, p. 2.

[10]      Dr Samantha Thomas, Submission 52, p. 2.

[11]      Productivity Commission, Gambling, vol.1, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2010, p. 7.9.

[12]      Productivity Commission, Gambling, vol.1, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2010, p. 7.9.

[13]      Dr Ralph Lattimore, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 41.

[14]      Ms Abigail Kazal, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 19.

[15]      Dr Katy O'Neill, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 19.

[16]      University of Sydney, Gambling Treatment Clinic, Submission 10, pp 2–3.

[17]      Pokies Anonymous, Submission 31, p. 2.

[18]      Professor Dan Lubman, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 38.

[19]      Dr Samantha Thomas, Submission 52, p. 3.

[20]      Changing the environment through policies and regulation.

[21]      Dr Samantha Thomas, Submission 52, p. 3.

[22]      See Dr Samantha Thomas, Ms Sophie Lewis, Conceptualisation of gambling risks and benefits: A socio-cultural study of 100 Victorian gamblers, 22 May 2012, report prepared for the Office of Gaming and Racing, Department of Justice, Victoria. http://www.justice.vic.gov.au/home/liquor+gaming+and+racing/research+and+statistics/report+-+conceptualisations+of+gambling+risks+and+benefits+(pdf).

[23]      Productivity Commission, Gambling, vol.1, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2010, pp 3.13—3.14.

[24]      Mr Tom Cummings, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 5.

[25]      Ms Kate Roberts, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 38.

[26]      Dr Enrico Cementon, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 41.

[27]      Professor Dan Lubman, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 42.

[28]      Professor Alex Blaszczynski, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 17.

[29]      Joint Select Committee on Gambling Reform, Second Report: Interactive and Online Gambling and Gambling Advertising and the Interactive Gambling and Broadcasting Amendment (Online Transactions and Other Measures) Bill 2011, December 2011.

[30]      Dr Jennifer Borrell, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 21.

[31]      Dr Jennifer Borrell, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 21.

[32]      Ms Kate Roberts, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 38.

[33]      Professor Malcolm Battersby, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 6.

[34]      Ms Julia Karpathakis, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 15.

[35]      Dr Sally Gainsbury, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 13.

[36]      Professor Alex Blaszczynski, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 14.

[37]      Professor Dan Lubman, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 49.

[38]      Mr Tom Cummings, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 5.

[39]      Dr Samantha Thomas, Submission 52, p. 3.

[40]      Dr Jennifer Borrell, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 21.

[41]      Correspondence from the South Australian Department for Communities and Social Inclusion, received 21 May 2012.

[42]      Correspondence from the Department of Racing, Gaming and Liquor (WA), received 24 May 2012.

[43]      Correspondence from the Office of Regulatory Policy, Liquor, Gaming and Fair Trading, Department of Justice and Attorney-General (QLD), received 4 June 2012.

[44]      A national campaign run by each state and territory held in May each year since 2006.

[45]      Correspondence from the ACT Gambling and Racing Commission, received 8 June 2012.

[46]      Australasian Gaming Council, A database on Australia's gambling industry 2009-10, 2010, Chapter 4, p. 20; Australian Government, The Facts, Gambling in Australia, http://www.problemgambling.gov.au/facts/ (accessed 5 June 2012); Thomas, A, Moore, S, Kyrios, M, Bates, G, Meredyth, D, Jessop, G, Problem Gambling vulnerability: The interaction between access, individual cognitions and group beliefs/preferences, Final Report prepared for the Victorian Government, Office and Gaming and Racing, Department of Justice, August 2012, p xiv.

Chapter 4

[1]        See for example, James, Submission 19; Mr Tom Cummings, Submission 22; Pokies Anonymous, Submission 31; Name Withheld, Submission 38; Name Withheld, Submission 56; Name withheld, Submission 57. See also personal submissions from previous inquiries.

[2]        Mr Tom Cummings, Submission 22, p. 1.

[3]        Productivity Commission, Gambling, vol.1, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2010, p. 5.14. 

[4]        Dr Samantha Thomas, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 24.

[5]        Ms Christina Sanchez, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 39. See also Mr David Pigott, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 2.

[6]        UnitingCare Community, Submission 59, p. 3.

[7]        Dr Katy O'Neill, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 18.

[8]        Professor Dan Lubman, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 38. See also Professor Nerilee Hing, Dr Elaine Nuske, Dr Sally Gainsbury, Gamblers at risk and their help seeking behaviour, Centre for Gambling Education and Research, Southern Cross University, final report for Gambling Research Australia, September 2011, Executive summary, p.xxiii.

[9]        Dr Samantha Thomas, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 24.

[10]      Productivity Commission, Gambling, vol.1, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2010, p. 3.14.

[11]      See Professor Nerilee Hing, Dr Elaine Nuske, Dr Sally Gainsbury, Gamblers at risk and their help seeking behaviour, Centre for Gambling Education and Research, Southern Cross University, final report for Gambling Research Australia, September 2011, Executive summary, p.xxiii.

[12]      Professor Dan Lubman, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 37.

[13]      Dr Samantha Thomas, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 24.

[14]      Dr Samantha Thomas, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 23.

[15]      Ms Kate Roberts, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 38.

[16]      Ms Penny Wilson, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, pp 29–30.

[17]      Productivity Commission, Gambling, vol.1, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2010, p. 7.9.

[18]      Mr Mark Henley, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 14.

[19]      Professor Dan Lubman, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 42.

[20]      Professor Malcolm Battersby, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 3.

[21]      Productivity Commission, Gambling, vol.1, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2010, p. 7.3.

[22]      See http://www.changeourminds.qld.gov.au/ (accessed 4 July 2012).

[23]      Information from: https://d2dl.groupsite.com/post/change-our-minds-new-qld-anti-stigma-campaign-announced (accessed 5 July 2012).

[24]      Information from: http://www.tammyfranks.org.au/2011/10/12/time-to-change-our-minds-sa-needs-anti-stigma-mental-health-campaign/ (accessed 4 July 2012).

[25]      See http://www.thestigmaproject.org/#!home/mainPage (accessed 4 July 2012).

[26]      See http://www.phgp.org/ (accessed 6 July 2012).

[27]      Ms Penny Wilson, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 30.

[28]      Associate Professor Peter Harvey, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 7.

[29]      Ms Penny Wilson, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 28.

[30]      Clubs Australia, 'Clubs Express Concern at Gambling Report', Media Release, 21 October 2009.

[31]      See http://www.sane.org/stigmawatch/how-stigmawatch-works (accessed 5 July 2012).

[32]      Professor Malcolm Battersby, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 7.

[33]      Attorney-General and Minister for Justice, The Hon. Jarrod Bleijie, 'Government campaign launched to help problem gamblers', Media release, 26 June 2012; Queensland Government, Office of Liquor and Gaming Regulation, http://www.olgr.qld.gov.au/responsibleGambling/awareness/InvenuePGcampaign/index.shtml (accessed 2 July 2012).

[34]      See http://www.missionaustralia.com.au/daily-news/2587-gambling-if-you-have-to-lie-we-need-to-talk (accessed 9 July 2012).

[35]      Ms Christina Sanchez, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, pp 38–39.

[36]      Ms Christina Sanchez, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 39.

Chapter 5

[1]        Dr Samantha Thomas, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 20.

[2]        Dr Samantha Thomas, Ms Sophie Lewis, Conceptualisation of gambling risks and benefits: A socio-cultural study of 100 Victorian gamblers, 22 May 2012, report prepared for the Office of Gaming and Racing, Department of Justice, Victoria.

[3]        Dr Samantha Thomas, Committee Hansard, 18 June 2012, pp 1–2.

[4]        Dr Samantha Thomas, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 22.

[5]        Victorian Local Governance Association, Submission 25, p. 2.

[6]        Anglicare Tasmania, Submission 12, p. 9.

[7]        Dr Samantha Thomas, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 25.

[8]        Dr Jennifer Borrell, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 22.

[9]        See http://www.problemgambling.sa.gov.au/aspx/helpful_tips_and_support.aspx (accessed 6 July 2012).

[10]      See http://www.ld.swin.edu.au/crd/thirdplace.htm (accessed 6 July 2012).

[11]      See http://www.nepcp.org.au/resources/social-outings-guide-don%E2%80%99t-gamble-your-group (accessed 16 July 2012).

[12]      Professor Dan Lubman, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 37.

[13]      Dr Samantha Thomas, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 20.

[14]      Dr Samantha Thomas, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, pp 22–23.

[15]      Dr Samantha Thomas, Submission 52, p. 2.

[16]      Dr Samantha Thomas, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 20.

[17]      Professor Dan Lubman, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 42.

[18]      Ms Kate Roberts, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 38.

[19]      Dr Samantha Thomas, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 20.

[20]      Productivity Commission, Gambling, vol.1, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2010, p. 7.9.

[21]      Office of Regulatory Policy, Liquor, Gaming and Fair Trading, Department of Justice and Attorney-General, Queensland, correspondence received 4 June 2012.

[22]      Correspondence from the ACT Gambling and Racing Commission, received 8 June 2012.

[23]      Productivity Commission, Gambling, vol.1, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2010, p. 7.12.

[24]      Mr David Pigott, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 6.

[25]      Associate Professor Peter Harvey, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 6.

[26]      Flinders University, Submission 8, Attachment 1, p. 38.

[27]      Australian Psychological Society, Submission 49, p. 3, 14.

[28]      Australian Psychological Society, Submission 49, p. 14.

[29]      Ian Munro, 'Gambling turns Vietnamese women to crime', The Age, 22 June 2010; Mr Thang Ngo, 'Pokies and the victims who have no voice', The Drum, 2 November 2011.

[30]      Victorian Local Governance Association, Submission 25, p. 6.

[31]      Professor Nerilee Hing, Dr Elaine Nuske, Dr Sally Gainsbury, Gamblers at risk and their help seeking behaviour, Centre for Gambling Education and Research, Southern Cross University, final report for Gambling Research Australia, September 2011, Executive summary, p. xx.

[32]      Professor Nerilee Hing, Dr Elaine Nuske, Dr Sally Gainsbury, Gamblers at risk and their help seeking behaviour, Centre for Gambling Education and Research, Southern Cross University, final report for Gambling Research Australia, September 2011, Executive summary, p. xx.

[33]      Professor Nerilee Hing, Dr Elaine Nuske, Dr Sally Gainsbury, Gamblers at risk and their help seeking behaviour, Centre for Gambling Education and Research, Southern Cross University, final report for Gambling Research Australia, September 2011, Executive summary, p. xxiii.

[34]      Productivity Commission, Gambling, vol.1, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2010, p. 7.11.

[35]      Anglicare Tasmania, Submission 12, p. 9.

[36]      Australasian Gaming Council, Submission 33, pp 10–11; Professor Nerilee Hing, Dr Elaine Nuske, Dr Sally Gainsbury, Gamblers at risk and their help seeking behaviour, Centre for Gambling Education and Research, Southern Cross University, final report for Gambling Research Australia, September 2011, Executive summary, p. xxvi.

[37]      See http://www.aboriginalgamblinghelp.org.au/ (accessed 5 July 2012).

[38]      See http://www.koorimail.com/index.php?&row=6675&field=05_HotlinksAdvertising_pdf_upload (accessed 5 July 2012); See also 'Tackling Indigenous gambling Problems', Manning River Times, 7 December 2011.

[39]      'Cartoon hints', Northern Territory News, 7 June 2012, p. 2. See: http://www.isee-ilearn.com/ (accessed 5 July 2012).

[40]      Productivity Commission, Gambling, vol.1, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2010, p. 7.9.

[41]      See http://ceh.org.au/mghp.aspx (accessed 3 July 2012).  See also Gambling Help online: http://www.gamblinghelponline.org.au/accessing-support/non-english-speakers.aspx (accessed 3 July 2012); Gambling Help NSW http://www.gamblinghelp.nsw.gov.au/ (accessed 3 July 2012).

[42]      Funded by a two per cent levy on gambling revenue from Star City Casino.

[43]      NSW Budget 2012-23, Budget paper 2, Chapter 5, p. 5-9, 5-10.; See also Justine Ferrari, 'Punters tipped to add $70m windfall to state coffers', The Australian, 13 June 2012.

[44]      Dr Sally Gainsbury, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 12.

[45]      Mr David Pigott, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 5.

[46]      The Hon Michael O'Brien MP, Minister for Gaming, 'Victoria taking the lead with online gambling campaign', Media release, 5 March 2012.

[47]      Ms Kate Roberts, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 38.

[48]      UnitingCare Community, Submission 59, p. 3.

[49]      UnitingCare Community, Submission 59, p. 3.

[50]      Available from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rOwl0lwGrXA (accessed 6 July 2012).

[51]      Ms Penny Wilson, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 30.

[52]      Mr Mark Henley, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 14.

[53]      Ms Christina Sanchez, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 36.

[54]      Mr Christopher Hunt, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 58.

[55]      See for example Gambling Help Online: http://www.gamblinghelponline.org.au/regaining-control/thinking-straight.aspx (accessed 3 July 2012); the Victorian gamble aware website: http://www.gambleaware.vic.gov.au/ (accessed 3 July 2012); South Australian Gambling Help http://www.problemgambling.sa.gov.au/aspx/the_odds.aspx (accessed 3 July 2012).

[56]      Mr Mark Henley, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 11.

[57]      Ms Kate Roberts, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 38.

[58]      Ms Kate Roberts, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 42.

[59]      See http://www.gisnsw.org.au/Gambling%20Impact%20Book/LOW%20RES%20VERSION/GIS%20LOW%20RES%20PRINT%20VERSION.pdf (accessed 11 July 2012).

[60]      Ms Kate Roberts, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 42.

[61]      See for example Gambling Help NSW: http://www.gamblinghelp.nsw.gov.au/content/help-for-friends-and-family.aspx (accessed 3 July 2012); Gambling Help Online: http://www.gamblinghelponline.org.au/helping-others.aspx (accessed 3 July 2012).

[62]      Office of Regulatory Policy, Liquor, Gaming and Fair Trading, Department of Justice and Attorney-General, Queensland, correspondence received 4 June 2012.

[63]      Professor Malcolm Battersby, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 7.

[64]      Associate Professor Peter Harvey, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 3.

[65]      Professor Malcolm Battersby, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 3.

[66]      Ms Christina Sanchez, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 40.

[67]      Mr David Pigott, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 3.

[68]      Australian Psychological Society, Submission 49, p. 14.

[69]      Dr Samantha Thomas, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, pp 22–23.

[70]      UnitingCare Community, Submission 59, p. 3.

[71]      Ms Penny Wilson, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 27.

[72]      Ms Penny Wilson, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 27.

[73]      Ms Penny Wilson, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 27.

[74]      Ms Penny Wilson, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 29. See also: The Victorian Problem Gambling Community Awareness and Education Strategy, March 2009 and Taking Action on Problem Gambling, A Strategy for Combating Problem Gambling In Victoria, October 2006.

[75]      Parliamentary Joint Select Committee on Gambling Reform, Second Report: Interactive and Online Gambling and Gambling Advertising and Interactive Gambling and Broadcasting Amendment (Online Transactions and Other Measures) Bill 2011, p. 36.

[76]      Dr Ralph Lattimore, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 41.

[77]      See http://www.foxbusiness.com/technology/2012/07/02/bullish-zynga-analysts-all-in-on-game-maker-prospects/ (accessed 5 July 2012); Dr Jeffrey Derevensky; Submission 7, Attachments 1 and 2; see also Karen Seidman, 'Video game gambling puts kids at risk', The Montreal Gazette, 3 July 2012.

[78]      Ron Sylvester, 'Casinos going online, using Facebook to recruit new players', Vegas inc, 22 June 2012.

[79]      'Startup brings real bets to online games', Herald Sun, 10 July 2012.

[80]      See http://www.gambling911.com/poker/zynga-gets-bids-offer-%E2%80%98real-cash%E2%80%99-online-poker-072312.html (accessed 24 July 2012).

[81]      BBC News, 'Facebook's first real-cash gambling app launched', 7 August 2012.

[82]      James Tozer, 'Boy, 12, racks up £7k gambling bill', IOL News, 8 June 2012.

[83]      Government Response to the Parliamentary Joint Select Committee on Gambling Reform, Second Report: Interactive and Online Gambling and Gambling Advertising and Interactive Gambling and Broadcasting Amendment (Online Transactions and Other Measures) Bill 2011, p. 4.

[84]      See for example: Dr Clive Allcock, Submission 6, p. 3; University of Sydney, Gambling Treatment Clinic, Submission 10, p. 3; Anglicare Tasmania, Submission 12, p. 3; Australian Psychological Society, Submission 49, p. 8; Mission Australia, Submission 17, p. 5; Social Issues Executive, Anglican Church, Diocese of Sydney, Submission 26, p. 2.

[85]      Joint Select Committee on Gambling Reform, Second Report: Interactive and Online Gambling and Gambling Advertising and Interactive Gambling and Broadcasting Amendment (Online Transactions and Other Measures) Bill 2011, pp 155–157; p.164; pp 253–255.

[86]      Government Response to the Parliamentary Joint Select Committee on Gambling Reform – Second Report: Interactive and Online Gambling and Gambling Advertising and Interactive Gambling and Broadcasting Amendment (Online Transactions and Other Measures) Bill 2011, p. 5.

[87]      Government Response to the Parliamentary Joint Select Committee on Gambling Reform – Second Report: Interactive and Online Gambling and Gambling Advertising and Interactive Gambling and Broadcasting Amendment (Online Transactions and Other Measures) Bill 2011, p. 6.

[88]      Senator the Hon Stephen Conroy, Minister for Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy, 'Government achieves agreement to reduce the promotion of live odds in sports broadcasts', Media release, 29 June 2012.

[89]      Government Response to the Parliamentary Joint Select Committee on Gambling Reform – Second Report: Interactive and Online Gambling and Gambling Advertising and Interactive Gambling and Broadcasting Amendment (Online Transactions and Other Measures) Bill 2011, p. 8.

[90]      Parliamentary Joint Select Committee on Gambling Reform, Second Report: Interactive and Online Gambling and Gambling Advertising and Interactive Gambling and Broadcasting Amendment (Online Transactions and Other Measures) Bill 2011, p. 35.

Chapter 6

[1]        Dr Paul Delfabbro, Dr Alexandra Osborn, Dr Maurice Nevile, Dr Louise Skelt and Professor Jan McMillen, Identifying problem gamblers in gambling venues, Gambling Research Australia, 19 November 2007, pp 8–9.

[2]        Research has highlighted the significant limitations of responsible gambling codes, 'including: a lack of compliance by some venues, non-membership in peak bodies that co-ordinate the codes, and the absence of mandatory penalties for noncompliance'. See Dr Paul Delfabbro, Dr Alexandra Osborn, Dr Maurice Nevile, Dr Louise Skelt and Professor Jan McMillen, Identifying problem gamblers in gambling venues, Gambling Research Australia, 19 November 2007, p. 9.

[3]        On 15 June 2012, Clubs Australia announced a national campaign, Part of the Solution, to highlight the measures clubs have put in place to help problem gamblers. See Clubs Australia, 'Clubs launch TV and radio campaign: getting on with the job of gambling reform', Media release, 15 June 2012.

[4]        See Clubs Australia, answers to questions on notice, received 27 July 2012; Australasian Casino Association, answers to questions on notice, received 5 September 2012; and Australian Hotels Association, answers to questions on notice, received 17 September 2012.

[5]        Productivity Commission, Gambling, vol.1, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra 2010, p. 4.24.

[6]        Parliamentary Joint Select Committee on Gambling Reform, First Report: The design and implementation of a mandatory pre-commitment system for electronic gaming machines, May 2011, chapter 3, pp 23–48.

[7]        Inquiry into pre-commitment, Committee Hansard, 1 February 2011, p. 23.

[8]        St Luke's Anglicare, Submission 13, p. 5.

[9]        Dr Samantha Thomas, Submission 52, p. 3.

[10]      Mr Tom Cummings, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 5.

[11]      Mr Ross Ferrar, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 45. See also Gaming Technologies Association, Submission 23, p. 4.

[12]      Mr Ross Ferrar, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 46.

[13]      Mr Tom Cummings, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 4.

[14]      Ms Julia Karpathakis, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 14. See also Pokies Anonymous, Submission 31, p. 3, pp 5–13.

[15]      The Hon Jenny Macklin MP, the Hon Julia Gillard MP, the Hon Bill Shorten MP, Senator the Hon Stephen Conroy, 'Tackling problem gambling in Australia', Joint media release, 21 January 2012; Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 20, p. 2. 

[16]      Clubs Australia, Submission 29, p. 11; Australasian Casino Association, Submission 46, p. 7.

[17]      BetSafe, Submission 32, p. 5.

[18]      Australian Hotels Association, Submission 43, pp 7–8. See also NSW Gaming Machine Regulation 2010, Regs 48 and 101.

[19]      Australasian Gaming Council, Submission 33, p. 17.

[20]      Australasian Casino Association, Submission 46, Attachment 1, p. 4.

[21]      Australasian Casino Association, Submission 46, Attachment 2, p. 13.

[22]      Mr Daniel Symond, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 30.

[23]      Ms Rhian Jones, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 39.

[24]      Productivity Commission, Gambling, vol.1, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra 2010, p. 4.6.

[25]      Richard Willingham, 'Immersive pokie machines lashed', The Age, 26 October 2011. Minister for Gaming, the Hon Michael O'Brien MP, 'Victorian Coalition Government bans isolation audio technology from gaming machines', Media release, 22 December 2011.

[26]      Sally Monaghan and Alex Blaszczynski (2007), 'Recall of electronic gaming machine signs: A static versus a dynamic mode of presentation', Journal of Gambling Issues: Issue 20, pp. 253–267; Sally Monaghan and Alex Blaszczynski (2010), 'Impact of Mode of Display and Message Content of Responsible Gambling Signs for Electronic Gaming Machines on Regular Gamblers', Journal of Gambling Studies 26:1, 67–88; Sally Monaghan and Alex Blaszczynski (2009), 'Electronic Gaming Machine Warning Messages: Information versus Self-Evaluation', The Journal of Psychology 144:1, 83–96.

[27]      Betfair, Submission 21, p. 10.

[28]      Clubs Australia, Submission 29, p. 7.

[29]      Clubs Australia, Submission 29, p. 8.

[30]      Dr Paul Delfabbro, Dr Alexandra Osborn, Dr Maurice Nevile, Dr Louise Skelt and Professor Jan McMillen, Identifying problem gamblers in gambling venues, Gambling Research Australia, 19 November 2007, pp 10–11.

[31]      BetSafe, Submission 32, p. 2.

[32]      See http://www.clubsnsw.com.au/About_Us1/ClubsNSW_Services1/ClubSAFE_Program.aspx (accessed 10 July 2012).

[33]      Clubs Australia, answers to questions on notice, received 27 July 2012, p. 7.

[34]      See http://professionals.problemgambling.vic.gov.au/venue-support (accessed 11 July 2012). See also Ms Simone Rodda, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 46; the Hon Michael O'Brien MP, Minister for Gaming, 'Venue support program proving a success', Media release, 17 May 2012.

[35]      Australasian Casino Association, answers to questions on notice, received 5 September 2012, p. 2.

[36]      Dr Paul Delfabbro, Dr Alexandra Osborn, Dr Maurice Nevile and Dr Louise Skelt and Professor Jan McMillen, Identifying problem gamblers in gambling venues, Gambling Research Australia, 19 November 2007, p. 14.

[37]      Dr Paul Delfabbro, Dr Alexandra Osborn, Dr Maurice Nevile and Dr Louise Skelt and Professor Jan McMillen, Identifying problem gamblers in gambling venues, Gambling Research Australia, 19 November 2007, pp 14–15. See chapter 3.

[38]      Dr Paul Delfabbro, Dr Alexandra Osborn, Dr Maurice Nevile and Dr Louise Skelt and Professor Jan McMillen, Identifying problem gamblers in gambling venues, Gambling Research Australia, 19 November 2007.

[39]      Dr Paul Delfabbro, Dr Alexandra Osborn, Dr Maurice Nevile and Dr Louise Skelt and Professor Jan McMillen, Identifying problem gamblers in gambling venues, Gambling Research Australia, 19 November 2007, p. 20.

[40]      Mr Mark Henley, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 13.

[41]      Australasian Casino Association, answers to questions on notice, received 5 September 2012, p. 2.

[42]      Australian Hotels Association, answers to questions on notice, received 17 September 2012, p. 2.

[43]      Ms Julia Karpathakis, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 11.

[44]      Ms Julia Karpathakis, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, pp 12–13.

[45]      Miss Shonica Guy, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 13.

[46]      Australian Hotels Association, answers to questions on notice, received 17 September 2012, p. 3.

[47]      Miss Shonica Guy, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 13.

[48]      Ms Julia Karpathakis, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 15.

[49]      Mr Tom Cummings, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 2.

[50]      Mr Tom Cummings, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 6.

[51]      Mr Ralph Bristow, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 41.

[52]      Major Brad Halse, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 13.

[53]      Ms Abigail Kazal, Dr Katy O'Neill, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 23.

[54]      'Theft to pay for pokies', Northern Territory News, 14 July 2012, p. 12.

[55]      Ms Rhian Jones, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 41.

[56]      Ms Rhian Jones, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 39.

[57]      Mr David Pigott, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 2.

[58]      Professor Alex Blaszczynski, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 13.

[59]      Ms Amanda Jones, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 30.

[60]      Mr Tom Cummings, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 2.

[61]      Linda Hancock, Regulatory Failure? The case of Crown Casino, Deakin University, Australian Scholarly Publishing, 2011, pp 66–81.

[62]      Australasian Casino Association, answers to questions on notice, received 5 September 2012, pp 2–3.

[63]      Mr Paul Symond, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 29.

[64]      Dr Katy O'Neill, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 24.

[65]      The Hon Jenny Macklin MP, the Hon Julia Gillard MP, the Hon Bill Shorten MP, Senator the Hon Stephen Conroy, 'Tackling problem gambling in Australia', Joint media release, 21 January 2012; Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 20, p. 4. 

[66]      Clubs Australia, 'Clubs launch TV and radio campaign: getting on with the job of gambling reform', Media release, 15 June 2012.

[67]      Pokies Anonymous, Submission 34, p. 5 (First inquiry into a pre-commitment scheme).

[68]      See Ian, Submission 53 and Submission 53A.

[69]      ClubsNSW, 'Clubs and Salvation Army join together to fight problem gambling', Media release, 5 August 2012.

[70]      Australasian Casino Association, answers to questions on notice, received 5 September 2012,  p. 1.

[71]      Australasian Casino Association, answers to questions on notice, received 5 September 2012,  p. 3.

[72]      Parliamentary Joint Select Committee on Gambling Reform, First report: the design and implementation of a mandatory pre-commitment system for electronic gaming machines, May 2011, pp. 59–62.

[73]      Productivity Commission, Gambling, vol.1, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2010, p. 31. Note: The purpose of the COAG Select Council on Gambling Reform is to develop a national response to the findings and recommendations of the 2010 Productivity Commission report and its final report was due at the end of 2011. The committee is therefore unaware of any progress on reviewing existing complaint systems. See: http://www.fahcsia.gov.au/our-responsibilities/communities-and-vulnerable-people/programs-services/problem-gambling/coag-select-council-on-gambling-reform (accessed 19 September 2012).

[74]      Clubs Australia, Submission 29, p. 10.

[75]      ClubsNSW, 'Clubs launch online support for problem gamblers', Media release, 8 February 2012.

[76]      Australasian Casino Association, answers to questions on notice, received 5 September 2012, p. 3.

[77]      Australasian Casino Association, answers to questions on notice, received 5 September 2012, p. 4.

[78]      Australian Hotels Association, answers to questions on notice, received 17 September 2012, pp 4–5.

[79]      Dr Samantha Thomas, Ms Sophie Lewis, Conceptualisations of gambling risks and benefits: A socio-cultural study of 100 Victorian gamblers, report prepared for the Office of Gaming and Racing, Victorian Department of Justice, May 2012, p. 70.

[80]      Dr Samantha Thomas, Ms Sophie Lewis, Conceptualisations of gambling risks and benefits: A socio-cultural study of 100 Victorian gamblers, report prepared for the Office of Gaming and Racing, Victorian Department of Justice, May 2012, p. 69.

[81]      Dr Samantha Thomas, Ms Sophie Lewis, Conceptualisations of gambling risks and benefits: A socio-cultural study of 100 Victorian gamblers, report prepared for the Office of Gaming and Racing, Victorian Department of Justice, May 2012, p. 69.

[82]      Dr Samantha Thomas, Ms Sophie Lewis, Conceptualisations of gambling risks and benefits: A socio-cultural study of 100 Victorian gamblers, report prepared for the Office of Gaming and Racing, Victorian Department of Justice, May 2012, p. 69.

[83]      Ms Julia Karpathakis, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, pp 16–17.

[84]      Dr Katy O'Neill, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 24.

[85]      Ms Leah Galvin, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 55.

[86]      Zoe Nauman, 'Casinos bet on dodging gambler ban', Sunday Telegraph, 15 July 2012, p. 23.

[87]      Mr Paul Symond, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 28.

[88]      Mr Daniel Symond, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, pp 32–33.

[89]      Clubs Australia, 'Clubs launch TV and radio campaign: getting on with the job of gambling reform', Media release, 15 June 2012.

[90]      Australasian Casino Association, answers to questions on notice, received 5 September 2012, p. 4.

[91]      Mr David Pigott, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 6.

[92]      Clubs Australia, answers to questions on notice, received 27 July 2012.

[93]      Mr David Pigott, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 6.

[94]      Hannah Martin, 'Penalties for Pokies', Hobart Mercury, 30 August 2012.

[95]      Ms Leah Galvin, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 55.

[96]      Christopher Knaus, 'ACT clubs scanning your licence', The Canberra Times, 23 July 2012.

[97]      Productivity Commission, Gambling, vol.1, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2010, p. 53.

[98]      Clubs Australia, Submission 29, p. 10.

[99]      Mr Daniel Symond, Mr Paul Symond, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 28, 33.

[100]    Australasian Casino Association, answers to questions on notice, received 5 September 2012, p. 4.

[101]    ClubsNSW, 'Clubs launch online support for problem gamblers', Media release, 8 February 2012.

[102]    Clubs Australia, answers to questions on notice, received 27 July 2012.

[103]    The Hon Jenny Macklin MP, the Hon Julia Gillard MP, the Hon Bill Shorten MP, Senator the Hon Stephen Conroy, 'Tackling problem gambling in Australia', Joint media release, 21 January 2012; Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 20, p. 4.

[104]    Mrs Dorothy Webb, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 42. See also Mission Australia, Submission 17, p. 5; Relationships Australia, Submission 18, p. 8; Mr Tom Cummings, Submission 22, p. 3; Gambling Impact Society NSW, Submission 30, p. 8; Pokies Anonymous, Submission 31, p. 17.

[105]    Ms Kate Roberts, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, pp 41–42.

[106]    Australasian Gaming Council, Submission 33, p. 17.

[107]    Other than participation in an acceptable loyalty program. See Clause 6A, Gaming Machines Responsible Gambling Code of Practice (South Australia).

[108]    Mr Tom Cummings, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 5.

[109]    Ms Kate Roberts, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 38.

[110]    Australian Churches Gambling Taskforce, Submission 50, p. 10.

[111]    Dr Jennifer Borrell, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 21.

[112]    Clubs Australia, answers to questions on notice, received 27 July 2012, p. 6.

[113]    Australasian Casino Association, answers to questions on notice, received 5 September 2012, p. 5.

[114]    Australian Hotels Association, answers to questions on notice, received 17 September 2012, p. 4.

[115]    Productivity Commission, Gambling, vol.1, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2010, pp 31–32.

Chapter 7

[1]        Mr Christopher Hunt, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 58.

[2]        Mr Christopher Hunt, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 58.

[3]        Professor Debra Rickwood, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, pp 27–28.

[4]        Professor Alex Blaszczynski, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 11.

[5]        See also Anglicare Tasmania, Submission 12, p. 5.

[6]        Professor Alex Blaszczynski, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 11.

[7]        Professor Alex Blaszczynski, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 11.

[8]        Professor Alex Blaszczynski, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 12.

[9]        Ms Abigail Kazal, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 22.

[10]      Ms Abigail Kazal, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 22.

[11]      Nancy M Petry, Pathological Gambling: Etiology, Comorbidity and Treatment, American Psychological Association, 2005, pp 13–14.

[12]      Professor Alex Blaszczynski, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 11.

[13]      Dr Katy O'Neill, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, pp 21–22.

[14]      Dr Katy O'Neill, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 21.

[15]      Dr Mark Zirnsak, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 11.

[16]      Ms Rhian Jones, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 38.

[17]      Nancy M Petry, Pathological Gambling: Etiology, Comorbidity and Treatment, American Psychological Association, 2005, pp 57–72.

[18]      Dr Katy O'Neill, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 22.

[19]      Anglicare Tasmania, Submission 12, p. 5.

[20]      Productivity Commission, Gambling, vol.1, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2010, p. 4.24.

[21]      Mr Tom Cummings, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 6.

[22]      Mr Tom Cummings, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 7.

[23]      Ms Abigail Kazal, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 21.

[24]      Dr Sally Gainsbury, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 12.

[25]      Professor Dan Lubman, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 34.

[26]      Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists, Submission 27, p. 2.

[27]      Professor Alex Blaszczynski, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 11.

[28]      Dr Enrico Cementon, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 34.

[29]      Dr Enrico Cementon, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, pp 41–2.

[30]      The DSM is published by the American Psychiatric Association and covers all mental health disorders for both children and adults.

[31]      Professor Debra Rickwood, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 27; Dr Enrico Cementon, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 40.

[32]      DSM-IV, American Psychiatric Association, 2000, p. 674.

[33]      Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists, Submission 27, p. 2.

[34]      Information available from: http://blog.ncrg.org/issues-insights/redefining-pathological-gambling-new-research-highlights (accessed 17 May 2012).

[35]      Information available from: http://blog.ncrg.org/issues-insights/redefining-pathological-gambling-new-research-highlights (accessed 17 May 2012).

[36]      Information available from: http://blog.ncrg.org/issues-insights/redefining-pathological-gambling-new-research-highlights (accessed 17 May 2012).

[37]      Professor Debra Rickwood, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 27.

[38]      Professor Malcolm Battersby, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 1.

[39]      Professor Malcolm Battersby, Submission 8a, p. 2.

[40]      Productivity Commission, Gambling, vol.1, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2010, p. 13.

[41]      Nancy M Petry, Pathological Gambling: Etiology, Comorbidity and Treatment, American Psychological Association, 2005, p. 3.

Chapter 8 - Treatment of problem gambling

[1]        Mr Mark Henley, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 10. See also Mr Tim Falkiner, Submission 4.

[2]        Productivity Commission, Gambling, vol.1, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2010, p. 7.28.

[3]        Behavioural therapy, or behavioural modification, is a psychological technique based on the premise that specific, observable, maladaptive, badly adjusted, or self-destructing behaviours can be modified by learning new, more appropriate behaviours to replace them.

[4]        Treatment of disease through the administration of drugs.

[5]        Professor Dan Lubman, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 39.

[6]        Nancy M. Petry, Pathological Gambling: Etiology, Comorbidity and Treatment, American Psychological Association, 2005, pp 229–255.

[7]        Mr Christopher Hunt, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 61.

[8]        According to the Guideline for screening, assessment and treatment in problem gambling from the Problem Gambling Research and Treatment Centre, the evidence supports individual or group cognitive behaviour therapy to reduce gambling behaviour, gambling severity and psychological distress in people with gambling problems. See Thomas, S., Merkouris, S., Radermacher, H., Dowling, N., Misso, M., Anderson, C. and Jackson, A., 'Australian guideline for treatment of problem gambling: an abridged outline', Medical Journal of Australia, 2011, 195: 1–4.

[9]        University of Sydney Gambling Treatment Clinic, Submission 10, p. 5. Mr Tim Falkiner, Submission 4, p. 7, also stated his view that CBT 'is good therapy but of itself is not enough to counter addiction'. His view was that 'CBT should be used as a precursor to hypnotic induction...'.

[10]      Nancy M. Petry, Pathological Gambling: Etiology, Comorbidity and Treatment, American Psychological Association, 2005, pp 225–6.

[11]      Mr Christopher Hunt, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 61.

[12]      Professor Malcolm Battersby, Submission 8a, pp 3–4.

[13]      Nancy M. Petry, Pathological Gambling: Etiology, Comorbidity and Treatment, American Psychological Association, 2005, p. 137.

[14]      Nancy M. Petry, Pathological Gambling: Etiology, Comorbidity and Treatment, American Psychological Association, 2005, p. 148.

[15]      Nancy M. Petry, Pathological Gambling: Etiology, Comorbidity and Treatment, American Psychological Association, 2005, p. 150.

[16]      Meredith Griffiths, 'Heroin addiction drug proposed for problem gamblers', AM, ABC Radio, 22 November 2011, http://www.abc.net.au/am/content/2011/s3372620.htm (accessed 23 July 2012).

[17]      Professor Dan Lubman, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 36.

[18]      Professor Dan Lubman, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, pp 40–41.

[19]      Dr Enrico Cementon, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 39.

[20]      Dr Enrico Cementon, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 41.

[21]      Nancy M. Petry, Pathological Gambling: Etiology, Comorbidity and Treatment, American Psychological Association, 2005, pp 257–8. According to the Guideline for screening, assessment and treatment in problem gambling from the Problem Gambling Research and Treatment Centre, evidence supports motivational interviewing and motivational enhancement therapy to reduce gambling behaviour and gambling severity in people with gambling problems. Motivational interviewing is defined as a 'client-centred, directive counselling style for helping people explore and resolve ambivalence about behaviour change'. See Thomas, S., Merkouris, S., Radermacher, H., Dowling, N., Misso, M., Anderson, C. and Jackson, A., 'Australian guideline for treatment of problem gambling: an abridged outline', Medical Journal of Australia, 2011, 195: 1–4.

[22]      Dr Katy O'Neill and Ms Abigail Kazal, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 18.

[23]      Dr Katy O'Neill, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 18.

[24]      Answers to Questions on Notice, St Vincent's Hospital Gambling Treatment Program, received 23 May 2012, p. 1.

[25]      Dr Katy O'Neill, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 19.

[26]      Dr Katy O'Neill and Ms Abigail Kazal, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 21.

[27]      Ms Siobhan McLean, Dr Katy O'Neill and Ms Abigail Kazal, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 25.

[28]      Answers to Question on Notice, St Vincent's Hospital Gambling Treatment Program, received 23 May 2012, pp 1–2.

[29]      'Statewide Gambling Therapy Service', tabled by Professor Malcolm Battersby, 14 May 2012.

[30]      Professor Malcolm Battersby, Submission 8a, p. 3.

[31]      Professor Malcolm Battersby, Submission 8a, p. 4.

[32]      Professor Malcolm Battersby, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 1.

[33]      Professor Malcolm Battersby, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 2.

[34]      Professor Malcolm Battersby, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, pp 3–4.

[35]      Associate Professor Peter Harvey, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 2.

[36]      Associate Professor Peter Harvey, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 3.

[37]      University of Sydney Gambling Treatment Clinic, Submission 10, p. 1.

[38]      University of Sydney Gambling Treatment Clinic, Submission 10, p. 5.

[39]      University of Sydney Gambling Treatment Clinic, Submission 10, pp 5–6.

[40]      Mr Christopher Hunt, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 61.

[41]      Turning Point Alcohol and Drug Centre, Submission 42, p. 1. 

[42]      Turning Point Alcohol and Drug Centre, Submission 42, p. 2.

[43]      Turning Point Alcohol and Drug Centre, Submission 42, p. 2.

[44]      Turning Point Alcohol and Drug Centre, Submission 42, pp 2–3.

[45]      Ms Simone Rodda, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 44.

[46]      Ms Simone Rodda, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 44.    

[47]      Ms Simone Rodda and Professor Dan Lubman, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 44.

[48]      Ms Simone Rodda, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 44. See also Ms Liza Carroll, Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 55, who noted that some people prefer to access social policy services online. 

[49]      Professor Dan Lubman, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 46.

[50]      Professor Dan Lubman, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 46.

[51]      Professor Dan Lubman, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 46.

[52]      Ms Simone Rodda, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 48.

[53]      Mission Australia, Submission 17, p. 2.

[54]      Mr David Pigott, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 1.

[55]      Ms Christina Sanchez, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 36.

[56]      Ms Christina Sanchez, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 34.

[57]      Correspondence from the ACT Gambling and Racing Commission, received 12 June 2012, p. 1.

[58]      Ms Christina Sanchez, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 39.

[59]      Ms Christina Sanchez, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 36.

[60]      BetSafe, Submission 32, p. 2.

[61]      BetSafe, Submission 32, p. 9.

[62]      Mr Daniel Symond, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 32.

[63]      Mr Paul Symond, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 33.

[64]      Ms Julia Karpathakis, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 15.

[65]      Ms Julia Karpathakis, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 15.

[66]      Ms Julia Karpathakis, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 16.

[67]      Ms Julia Karpathakis, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 17.

[68]      Dr Jennifer Borrell, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 25.

[69]      Mr Christopher Hunt, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 59. See also Media Release, 'New treatment guidelines for problem gamblers', Medical Journal of Australia, 22 November 2011, which stated that according to the new Guideline for screening, assessment and treatment in problem gambling from the Problem Gambling Research and Treatment Centre, 'a large analysis of the research has revealed that interventions delivered by clinicians and psychologists were more effective than self-help interventions like workbooks and online therapies for reducing gambling severity and behaviour in people with gambling problems.'

[70]      For example, see Gomes, K. & Pascual-Leone, A., 'Primed for Change: Facilitating Factors in Problem Gambling Treatment', Journal of Gambling Studies, (2009) 25: 1–17, which notes that addiction literature generally shows some benefit to being involved in 12-step programs, especially when accompanied by professional treatment.

[71]      Ms Siobhan McLean, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 19.

[72]      Ms Leah Galvin, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 53.

[73]      Dr Enrico Cementon, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 37.

[74]      Answers to Questions on Notice, Turning Point Alcohol and Drug Centre, received 28 May 2012, p. 3.

[75]      Ms Simone Rodda and Professor Dan Lubman, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, pp 47–8.

[76]      Dr Jennifer Borrell, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 22.

[77]      Professor Dan Lubman, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 45.

[78]      Dr Katy O'Neill, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 24.

[79]      Professor Dan Lubman, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 38.

[80]      Dr Natalie Glinka, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 8.

[81]      Ingle, P.J. et al, 'Significant Others and Gambling Treatment Outcomes', Journal of Gambling Studies (24), 2008, pp 381–2.

[82]      Answers to Questions on Notice, St Vincent's Hospital Gambling Treatment Program, received 23 May 2012, p. 6.

[83]      Gambling Impact Society NSW, tabled document, 2 May 2012.

[84]      Ms Kate Roberts, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 42. See also Gambling Impact Society, NSW, Submission 30, p. 11.

[85]      Statewide Gambling Therapy Service, Submission 8, Attachment 1, p. 15.

[86]      Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 20, p. 3.

[87]      Ms Robyn Oswald, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 56.

[88]      Ms Abigail Kazal, Dr Katy O'Neill and Ms Siobhan McLean, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 24.

[89]      Australian Bankers' Association, Submission 58, p. 2.

[90]      Australian Bankers' Association, Submission 58, p. 1.

[91]      South Australian Centre for Economic Studies, 'Problem gamblers and the role of the financial sector', Occasional Paper No. 33, Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Commonwealth of Australia, 2010, pp v–viii.

[92]      The Hon Jenny Macklin MP, Minister for Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, 'Tackling Problem Gambling in Australia', media release, 21 January 2012, http://www.jennymacklin.fahcsia.gov.au/node/1701 (accessed 23 July 2012).  

Chapter 9 - Barriers to treatment

[1]        See also Australasian Gaming Council, Submission 33, p. 27; Centre for Gambling Education and Research, 'Gamblers at risk and their help-seeking behaviour', September 2011, report prepared for Gambling Research Australia.

[2]        Productivity Commission, Gambling, vol.1, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2010, p. 7.3.

[3]        Productivity Commission, Gambling, vol.1, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2010, p. 7.27.

[4]        Dr Mark Zirnsak, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 11. See also Evans, L. & Delfabbro, P., 'Motivators for Change and Barriers to Help-Seeking in Australian Problem Gamblers', Journal of Gambling Studies, Vol. 21, No. 2, Summer 2005, pp 133–55, which found that help-seeking is predominantly crisis-driven. See also Suurvali, H., Hodgins, D., Cunningham, J., 'Motivators for Resolving or Seeking Help for Gambling Problems: A Review of the Empirical Literature', Journal of Gambling Studies, (2010) 26: 1–33; and Carroll, A., Davidson, T., Marsh, D. and Rodgers, B., 'Help-seeking and Uptake of Services Amongst People with Gambling Problems in the ACT', Australian National University, report prepared for the ACT Gambling and Racing Commission, 31 October 2011.

[5]        Dr Sally Gainsbury, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 12.

[6]        Ms Simone Rodda, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 47.

[7]        Miss Shonica Guy, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 18.

[8]        Answers to Questions on Notice, St Vincent's Hospital Gambling Treatment Program, received 23 May 2012, p. 6.

[9]        Ms Siobhan McLean, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 20.

[10]      Mr David Pigott, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 2.

[11]      Dr Katy O'Neill, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 18.

[12]      Dr Katy O'Neill, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, pp 18–19.

[13]      Mr Tom Cummings, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 6.

[14]      Mr Christopher Hunt, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 60.

[15]      Professor Dan Lubman, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 38.  

[16]      Ms Leah Galvin, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 52.

[17]      Ms Leah Galvin, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 52.

[18]      See for example Rockloff, M. & Schofield, G., 'Factor Analysis of Barriers to Treatment for Problem Gambling', Journal of Gambling Studies, Vol. 20, No. 2, Summer 2004, pp 121–6. This study of general population attitudes in Central Queensland towards problem gambling treatment found that 'persons with greater gambling difficulties were more concerned with the availability, effectiveness and cost of treatment'.

[19]      Dr Sally Gainsbury, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 12.

[20]      The co-occurrence of two or more disorders. See Gambling Treatment Program, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, Submission 3 pp 1–2; University of Sydney, Gambling Treatment Clinic, Submission 10, p. 8; Clubs Australia, Submission 29, p. 9; Responsible Gambling Advocacy Centre, Submission 35, p. 3; Turning Point Alcohol and Drug Centre, Submission 42, p. 9; Dr Natalie Glinka, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 8; Associate Professor Peter Harvey, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 2; Nancy M Petry, Pathological Gambling: Etiology, Comorbidity and Treatment, American Psychological Association, 2005, p. 21, pp 85–115; The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists, Submission 27, p. 5.

[21]      Dr Katy O'Neill, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 18.

[22]      Ms Simone Rodda and Professor Dan Lubman, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 47.

[23]      Ms Leah Galvin, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 52.

[24]      Ms Simone Rodda, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 44.

[25]      Professor Debra Rickwood, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 29.

[26]      Professor Malcolm Battersby, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 3.

[27]      Professor Malcolm Battersby, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 3.

[28]      Mr Christopher Hunt, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 60.

[29]      Ms Christina Sanchez, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 36.

[30]      Dr Ralph Lattimore, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 41.

[31]      Ms Abigail Kazal, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 19.

[32]      Answers to Questions on Notice, St Vincent's Hospital Gambling Treatment Program, received 23 May 2012, p. 6.

[33]      Ms Penny Wilson, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 28. 

[34]      Turning Point Alcohol and Drug Centre, Submission 42, p. 3.

[35]      University of Sydney Gambling Treatment Clinic, Submission 10, p. 3.

[36]      Australian Churches Gambling Taskforce, Submission 50, p. 7.

[37]      Mr Mark Henley, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 15.

[38]      Associate Professor Peter Harvey, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 5.

[39]      Tabled documents from Professor Malcolm Battersby, 14 May 2012.

[40]      Professor Malcolm Battersby, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 5.

[41]      Ms Christina Sanchez, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 38.

[42]      Answer to Questions on Notice, University of Sydney Gambling Treatment Clinic, received 23 May 2012.

[43]      Answer to Questions on Notice, University of Sydney Gambling Treatment Clinic, received 23 May 2012.

[44]      Answer to Questions on Notice, St Vincent's Hospital Gambling Treatment Program, received 23 May 2012, p. 7.

[45]      Answer to Questions on Notice, Turning Point Alcohol and Drug Centre, received 28 May 2012, pp 1–2.

[46]      Flinders University, Submission 8, Attachment 1, p. 43.

[47]      Cultural & Indigenous Research Centre Australia, 'Development of culturally appropriate problem gambling services for Indigenous communities', Occasional Paper No. 40, Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Commonwealth of Australia, 2011, p. vi.

Chapter 10 - Improving treatment services and systems

[1]        Professor Dan Lubman, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 44.

[2]        Senator Nick Xenophon and Professor Dan Lubman, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 49.

[3]        A 'step care' model was also explained by Professor Battersby in Submission 8a, p. 5 as a program 'from low intensity to high intensity with adjunct social prescribing for social isolation and signposting to community services e.g. unemployment, marital, financial counselling.'

[4]        Professor Malcolm Battersby, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, pp 1–2.

[5]        Professor Dan Lubman, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 45.

[6]        Professor Dan Lubman, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 47.

[7]        Professor Dan Lubman, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, pp 48–49.

[8]        Ms Simone Rodda, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, pp 45–46.

[9]        Associate Professor Peter Harvey, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 2.

[10]      Mr David Pigott, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 5.

[11]      Associate Professor Peter Harvey, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 4.

[12]      Associate Professor Peter Harvey, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 4.

[13]      Professor Malcolm Battersby, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, pp 4–5.

[14]      See Nancy M. Petry, Pathological Gambling: Etiology, Comorbidity and Treatment, American Psychological Association, 2005, p. 85. For more see: http://www.nationaldrugstrategy.gov.au/internet/drugstrategy/publishing.nsf/Content/mono71-toc~mono71-11~mono71-11-2.

[15]      Dr Enrico Cementon, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 34. 

[16]      Professor Dan Lubman, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 36. See also de Castella, A., Bolding, P., Lee, A., Cosic, S. and Kulkarni, J., 'Problem Gambling in People Presenting to a Public Mental Health Service', Office of Gaming and Racing, Department of Justice, Melbourne, Victoria, October 2011, which noted the prevalence of problem gambling in the study cohort (893 people) was more than four times that reported in the general community.

[17]      Dr Katy O'Neill, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 20.

[18]      Dr Katy O'Neill, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, pp 20–21.

[19]      Mr Christopher Hunt, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 59.

[20]      Turning Point Alcohol and Drug Centre, Submission 42, p. 13.

[21]      Professor Dan Lubman, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 36.

[22]      St Vincent's Hospital Gambling Treatment Program, Submission 3, p. 1.

[23]      St Vincent's Hospital Gambling Treatment Program, Submission 3, p. 1.

[24]      Dr Enrico Cementon, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, pp 36–37.

[25]      Dr Enrico Cementon, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 36.

[26]      Professor Dan Lubman, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 37.

[27]      Professor Debra Rickwood, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 29.

[28]      St Vincent's Hospital Gambling Treatment Program, Submission 3, p. 1.

[29]      Ms Abigail Kazal, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 20.

[30]      Professor Dan Lubman, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 35.

[31]      Productivity Commission, Gambling, vol.1, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2010, p. 7.27.

[32]      Dr Katy O'Neill, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 19.

[33]      Professor Dan Lubman, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 34.

[34]      Professor Dan Lubman, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 35.

[35]      Problem Gambling Research and Treatment Centre (PGRTC) (2011) Guideline for screening, assessment and treatment in problem gambling, Clayton: Monash University, p. 44 and Thomas, S; Jackson, A; Browning, C and Piterman, L. (2009) A one item screening tool for problem gambling for use in primary care settings, Melbourne, PGRTC. 

[36]      Australasian Gaming Council, Submission 33, p. 25.

[37]      Productivity Commission, Gambling, vol.1, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2010, p. 7.27.

[38]      A one-item standardised screening test would involve, for example, a general practitioner asking a patient a question such as 'Have you ever had a problem with your gambling?' See 'Why Screen?', General Practice Problem Gambling Resource Kit, Government of South Australia, 2009, http://www.problemgambling.sa.gov.au/aspx/gps_nurses_and_clinicians.aspx (accessed 3 September 2012).

[39]      Professor Dan Lubman, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 37.

[40]      Professor Dan Lubman, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 34.

[41]      Dr Enrico Cementon, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 37.

[42]      Professor Dan Lubman and Dr Enrico Cementon, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 41.

[43]      Dr Katy O'Neill, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 22.

[44]      Professor Dan Lubman, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 49.

[45]      Drug and Alcohol Clinical Advisory Service, http://www.dacas.org.au/Find_Help.aspx (accessed 23 July 2012).

[46]      Dr Ralph Lattimore, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 45.

[47]      Dr Katy O'Neill, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 23.

[48]      St Vincent's Hospital Gambling Treatment Program, Submission 3, p. 1.

[49]      Dr Katy O'Neill, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 25.

[50]      St Vincent's Hospital Gambling Treatment Program, Submission 3, p. 1.

[51]      St Vincent's Hospital Gambling Treatment Program, Submission 3, p. 2.

[52]      Mr Christopher Hunt, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 58.

[53]      University of Sydney Gambling Treatment Clinic, Submission 10, p. 8.

[54]      Mr Christopher Hunt, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 59.

[55]      University of Sydney Gambling Treatment Clinic, Submission 10, p. 8.

[56]      Ms Rosalie McLachlan, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 45.

[57]      Ms Kate Roberts, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, pp 39–40.

[58]      Flinders University, Professor Malcolm Battersby, Submission 8a, p. 5.

[59]      Dr Ralph Lattimore, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 41.

Chapter 11

[1]        Dr Katy O'Neill, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 23.

[2]        Productivity Commission, Gambling, vol.2, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2010, p. 18.4.

[3]        Productivity Commission, Gambling, vol.2, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2010, p. 18.1.

[4]        Dr Ralph Lattimore, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 42.

[5]        Dr Sally Gainsbury, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 10.

[6]        Australian Psychological Society, Submission 49, p. 12. 

[7]        Dr Jeffrey Derevensky, Submission 7, Attachment 1, p. 13.

[8]        Sportsbet, Submission 40, p. 2.

[9]        NSW Government, Submission 51, p. 8.

[10]      Anglican Church, Diocese of Sydney, Social Issues Executive, Submission 26, pp 3–4.

[11]      Ms Kate Roberts, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 40.

[12]      Gambling Impact Society NSW, Submission 30, p. 13.

[13]      BetSafe, Submission 32, p. 17. 

[14]      Dr Sally Gainsbury, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 9.

[15]      Dr Jennifer Borrell, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 22.

[16]      Productivity Commission, Gambling, vol. 2, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2010, p. 18.21.

[17]      Australian Churches Gambling Taskforce, Submission 50, p. 4.

[18]      Mr Mark Henley, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 10.

[19]      Australian Churches Gambling Taskforce, Submission 50, p. 14.

[20]      Clubs Australia, Submission 29, p. 4.

[21]      BetSafe, Submission 32, p. 10.

[22]      Victorian Local Governance Association, Submission 25, p. 6.

[23]      Professor Dan Lubman, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 40.

[24]      Dr Jennifer Borrell, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 22.

[25]      Anglicare, Submission 12, p. 10.

[26]      Australian Psychological Society, Submission 49, p. 3.

[27]      Ms Heather Gridley, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 31.

[28]      Australian Psychological Society, Submission 49, pp 12–13.

[29]      Flinders University, Submission 8, p. 3.

[30]      St Luke's Anglicare, Submission 13, p. 7.

[31]      Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists, Submission 27, p. 4. 

[32]      Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists, Submission 27, p. 9.

[33]      Gambling Impact Society NSW, Submission 30, p. 13.

[34]      UnitingCare Community, Submission 59, p. 7.

[35]      Tasmanian Department of Health and Human Services, Submission 47, p. 16.

[36]      Australian Psychological Society, Submission 49, p. 2.

[37]      Mr Tim Falkiner, Submission 4, p. 10. 

[38]      Victorian Local Governance Association, Submission 25, p. 6.

[39]      AMC Convergent IT, Submission 34, p. 10. 

[40]      Government Response to the Parliamentary Joint Select Committee on Gambling Reform – Second Report: Interactive and Online Gambling and Gambling Advertising and Interactive Gambling and Broadcasting Amendment (Online Transactions and Other Measures) Bill 2011, p. 5.

[41]      For example see University of Sydney, Gambling Treatment Clinic, Submission 10, p. 9.

[42]      Professor Alex Blaszczynski, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 9.

[43]      Professor Alex Blaszczynski, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 10.

[44]      Dr Sally Gainsbury, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 9.

[45]      Dr Samantha Thomas, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 25.

[46]      Clubs Australia, Submission 29, p. 11.

[47]      Gaming Technologies Association Ltd, Submission 23, p. 5; Australasian Casino Association, Submission 46, p. 10.

[48]      Australasian Gaming Council, Submission 33, p. 28. 

[49]      Australasian Gaming Council, Submission 33, p. 28.

[50]      Clubs Australia, Submission 29, p. 11.

[51]      Clubs Australia, Submission 29, p. 11.

[52]      Productivity Commission, Australia's Gambling Industries, vol. 2, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 1999, p. 23.16.

[53]      Productivity Commission, Gambling, vol. 2, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2010, p. 18.13.

[54]      Australasian Casino Association, Submission 46, p. 10.

[55]      Dr Sally Gainsbury, Submission 37, pp 11–12.

[56]      Parliamentary Joint Select Committee on Gambling Reform, First Report: The design and implementation of a mandatory pre-commitment system for electronic gaming machines, May 2011, p. 92; Parliamentary Joint Select Committee on Gambling Reform, Second Report: Interactive and Online Gambling and Gambling Advertising and Interactive Gambling and Broadcasting Amendment (Online Transactions and Other Measures) Bill 2011, December 2011, p. 42.

[57]      Government Response to the Parliamentary Joint Select Committee on Gambling Reform – First Report: The design and implementation of a mandatory pre-commitment system for electronic gaming machines, p. 8.

[58]      Productivity Commission, Gambling, vol. 2, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2010, p. 18.23.

[59]      Productivity Commission, Gambling, vol. 2, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2010, p. 18.25.

[60]      Ms Roberts also referred to the recently formed Lonsdale Coalition of Independent Researchers, which will not accept funding from the gambling industry or associated groups, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 40. See also 'Gambling reformers to learn from public health campaigns past', 17 February 2012, http://www.monash.edu.au/news/show/gambling-reformers-to-learn-from-public-health-campaigns-past (accessed 25 July 2012).

[61]      Ms Kate Roberts, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 40.

[62]      Mr Tom Cummings, Submission 22, p. 5.

[63]      Responsible Gambling Advocacy Centre, Submission 35, p. 11. 

[64]      Dr Samantha Thomas, Submission 52, p. 6.

[65]      Dr Samantha Thomas, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 24.

[66]      Dr Samantha Thomas, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 24.

[67]      Dr Samantha Thomas, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, pp 24–25.

[68]      Associate Professor Peter Adams, Submission 39, pp 1–2.  See also Adams, P., 'Ways in which gambling researchers receive funding from gambling industry sources', International Gambling Studies, Vol. 11, No. 2, August 2011, pp 145–52; Adams, P., Buetow, S. and Rossen, F., 'Poisonous partnerships: health sector buy-in to arrangements with government and addictive consumption industries', Addiction, 2010, 105: 585–90; and Adams, P., 'Redefining the gambling problem: The production and consumption of gambling profits', Gambling Research, May 2009, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp 51–4.

[69]      This need for cooperation was also supported by Professor Alex Blaszczynksi who gave the committee an example of a lack of cooperation by industry for an evaluation of a research project on 1c gaming machines, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 10.

[70]      Dr Sally Gainsbury, Submission 37, p. 13.

[71]      Australasian Gaming Council, Submission 33, p. 29. Note: the Ministerial Expert Advisory Group (MEAG) was established in 2010 and it is understood that the MEAG last met in mid-2011. See: http://www.google.com.au/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=meag%20fahscia&source=web&cd=6&ved=0CD0QFjAF&url=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.treasury.gov.au%2Fdocuments%2F1958%2FPDF%2F10_Final_MEAG_papers.pdf&ei=TMN0ULiCHYGiigfV_IHwCQ&usg=AFQjCNHkKsZaE6-hijtxPelAeqW_NxfeAQ (accessed 9 October 2012).

[72]      Australasian Casino Association, Submission 46, p. 10.

[73]      AMC Convergent IT, Submission 34, p. 5.

[74]      Dr Ralph Lattimore, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 42.

[75]      Ms Rosalie McLachlan, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 43.

[76]      Mr David Pigott, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 4.

[77]      NSW Government, Submission 51, p. 8.

[78]      Tasmanian Department of Health and Human Services, Submission 47, p. 15.

[79]      BetSafe, Submission 32, p. 17.

[80]      Dr Clive Allcock, Submission 6, p. 8.

[81]      Associate Professor Peter Harvey, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 2.

[82]      Mr Mark Henley, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 15.

[83]      Turning Point Alcohol and Drug Centre, Submission 42, p. 12.

[84]      Productivity Commission, Gambling, vol. 2, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2010, p. 18.4.

[85]      Productivity Commission, Gambling, vol. 2, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2010, pp 18.5–18.8.

[86]      Productivity Commission, Gambling, vol. 2, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2010, p. 18.8.

[87]      Recommendation 18.1 in Productivity Commission, Gambling, vol. 2, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2010, p. 18.8.

[88]      Australian Churches Gambling Taskforce, Submission 50, p. 13.

[89]      Senator Nick Xenophon and Mr Ross Ferrar, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, pp 53–54.

[90]      Mr Tom Cummings, Submission 22, pp 4–5.

[91]      Productivity Commission, Gambling, vol. 2, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2010, p. 18.9.

[92]      Productivity Commission, Gambling, vol. 2, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2010, p. 18.9.

[93]      Productivity Commission, Gambling, vol. 2, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2010, p. 18.10.

[94]      One of the key difficulties in the evaluation of problem gambling treatment is that there are few studies comparing the effectiveness of different treatment modalities. See discussion in Gonzalez-Ibanez, A., Rosel, P. and Moreno, I., 'Evaluation and Treatment of Pathological Gambling', Journal of Gambling Studies, Vol. 21, No. 1, Spring 2005, pp 35–42.

[95]      Productivity Commission, Gambling, vol. 1, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2010, pp 7.31–7.33.

[96]      Dr Ralph Lattimore, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 41.

[97]      The Guideline for screening, assessment and treatment in problem gambling from the Problem Gambling Research and Treatment Centre is available from: http://www.med.monash.edu.au/sphc/pgrtc/guideline/index.html (accessed 16 July 2012).

[98]      Professor Debra Rickwood, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 28.

[99]      University of Sydney Gambling Treatment Clinic, Submission 10, p. 6.

[100]    University of Sydney Gambling Treatment Clinic, Submission 10, p. 6.

[101]    Flinders University, Professor Malcolm Battersby, Submission 8a, pp 4–5.

[102]    Mission Australia, Submission 17, p. 7.

[103]    Australian Psychological Society, Submission 49, p. 12.

[104]    Australian Psychological Society, Submission 49, p. 12.

[105]    Australian Psychological Society, Submission 49, p. 13.

[106]    University of Sydney Gambling Treatment Clinic, Submission 10, p. 8.

[107]    Mr Christopher Hunt, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 61.

[108]    Dr Clive Allcock, Submission 6, pp 7–8.

[109]    Dr Katy O'Neill, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 19.

[110]    Turning Point Alcohol and Drug Centre, Submission 42, p. 13.

[111]    Turning Point Alcohol and Drug Centre, Submission 42, p. 12. 

[112]    Turning Point Alcohol and Drug Centre, Submission 42, p. 13.  

[113]    Professor Malcolm Battersby, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 2. See also Flinders University, Professor Malcolm Battersby, Submission 8a, p. 2.

[114]    Flinders University, Submission 8, p. 2.

[115]    Flinders University, Professor Malcolm Battersby, Submission 8a, p. 4.

[116]    Flinders University, Submission 8, p. 3.

[117]    For example, the Department for Communities and Social Inclusion (SA) has implemented reporting strategies across the South Australian Gambling Help Services to enable the consistent measurement of the effectiveness of gambling treatment interventions. See correspondence from the Office for Problem Gambling, Department for Communities and Social Inclusion (SA), received 24 May 2012. 

[118]    Translational research encompasses a two-way information flow between research and clinical settings – i.e. it can be characterised as 'bench to bedside' but also relies on clinical observations and findings informing further research.  For further information see: 'Translational Research', http://commonfund.nih.gov/clinicalresearch/overview-translational.aspx (accessed 24 July 2012). The new Australian National Preventative Health Agency has also been provided funding of $13.1 million to focus on translational research in the context of preventative health; see media release from the Hon Julia Gillard MP and the Hon Nicola Roxon MP, 'Biggest investment in Australia's history to fight preventable diseases', 26 October 2010, http://www.pm.gov.au/press-office/investment-fight-preventable-diseases (accessed 25 July 2012).

Coalition committee members' additional comments

[1]        The Coalition's Policy Discussion Paper on Gambling Reform, November 2011.

[2]        Clubs Australia, Part of the Solution, Clubs Promoting a Culture of Responsible Gambling, 2012.

Additional comments by the Chair and Senators Xenophon, Di Natale and Madigan

[1]        Mr Tom Cummings, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 5.

[2]        Mr Mark Henley, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 11.

[3]        Dr Mark Zirnsak, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 11.

[4]        Ms Kate Roberts, Committee Hansard, 4 February 2011, p. 80.

[5]        Productivity Commission, Gambling, vol.1, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2010, p. 4.1.

[6]        Productivity Commission, Gambling, vol.1, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2010, p. 2.3.

[7]        Gaming Technologies Association, Submission 23, p. 2.

[8]        Ms Amanda Jones, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 29.

[9]        Mr Tom Cummings, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 5.

[10]      Mr Tom Cummings, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 2.

[11]      Ms Kate Roberts, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 36.

[12]      Mr Mark Henley, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 9.

[13]      Dr Jennifer Borrell, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, pp 20–21.

[14]      Ms Amanda Jones, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, pp 28–29.

[15]      Professor Debra Rickwood, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 32.

[16]      Ms Heather Gridley, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 32.

[17]      Ms Leah Galvin, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 51.

[18]      Mr Mark Henley, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 18.

[19]      Dr Ralph Lattimore, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 41.

[20]      Pokies Anonymous, Submission 31, p. 3.

[21]      Pokies Anonymous, Submission 31, p. 2.

[22]      Ms Penny Wilson, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 29.

[23]      Ms Amanda Jones, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 32.

[24]      Professor Alex Blaszczynski, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 15.

[25]      Mr Tom Cummings, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 3.

[26]      Mr Tom Cummings, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 3.

[27]      Mr Tom Cummings, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 3.

[28]      Mr Tom Cummings, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 7.

[29]      Ms Julia Karpathakis and Miss Shonica Guy, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 14.

[30]      Rev. Tim Costello, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 20.

[31]      Rev. Tim Costello, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, pp 25–26.

[32]      Mr Tom Cummings, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 4.

[33]      Ms Leah Galvin, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 55.

[34]      Dr Mark Zirnsak, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 17.

[35]      Ms Penny Wilson, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 32.

[36]      Note: The committee has since decided to start its inquiry into this legislation.

[37]      Rev. Tim Costello, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, pp 25–26.

[38]      Mr Tom Cummings, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 2.

[39]      Mr Tom Cummings, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 4.

[40]      Mr Mark Henley, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 9.

[41]      Dr Mark Zirnsak, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, pp 17–18.

[42]      Mr Mark Henley, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 18.

[43]      Mr Bjorn Hoffmann, Mr Lars Ottesen, Committee Hansard, 26 June 2012, pp 1–2.

[44]      Norwegian Ministry of Culture, Correspondence received 13 July 2012.

[45]      Norwegian Ministry of Culture, Correspondence received 13 July 2012.

[46]      Mr Bjorn Hoffmann, Committee Hansard, 26 June 2012, p. 3.

[47]      Norwegian Ministry of Culture, Correspondence received 13 July 2012.

[48]      Rev. Tim Costello, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 23.

[49]      Rev. Tim Costello, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 23.

[50]      Ms Julia Karpathakis, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 18.

[51]      Dr Jennifer Borrell, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 25.

[52]      Dr Jennifer Borrell, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 25.

[53]      Except Western Australia where they are confined to the casino.

[54]      See discussion between Senator Xenophon and Professor Malcolm Battersby, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 6. See also Nancy M Petry, Pathological Gambling: Etiology, Comorbidity and Treatment, American Psychological Association, 2005, pp 30–33.

[55]      Dr Natalie Glinka, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 10.

[56]      Professor Dan Lubman, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 40.

[57]      Ms Leah Galvin, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 55.

[58]      Productivity Commission, Gambling, vol. 1, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2010, p. 39.

[59]      Ms Leah Galvin, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 55. See chapter two of the committee report.

[60]      Miss Shonica Guy, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 19.

[61]      Mr Tom Cummings, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 5.

[62]      Ms Leah Galvin, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 55.

[63]      Ms Leah Galvin, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 55.

[64]      ClubsNSW, 'Clubs and Salvation Army join together to fight problem gambling', Media release, 5 August 2012; The Salvation Army, 'Salvos trial new initiative to assist problem gamblers', Media release, 5 August 2012.

[65]      Adelaide Casino, ‘Benefits’, available at: http://www.adelaidecasino.com.au/Action-Rewards/Benifits.html, accessed 14 September 2012.

[66]      Productivity Commission, Gambling, vol. 1, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2010, p. 12.47.

[67]      Interview by Laurie Oakes with Reverend Tim Costello, National President Baptist Church, Sunday, 23 April 2000, available at: http://sgp1.paddington.ninemsn.com.au/sunday/political_transcripts/article_473.asp?s=1, accessed 18 September 2012.

[68]      Geesche Jacobson, 'Punter wants return of ‘proceeds of crime’', Sydney Morning Herald, 25 May 2012, p. 2.

[69]      Section 4, Interactive Gambling Act 2001 (Cth).

[70]      Section 4, Interactive Gambling Act 2001 (Cth).

[71]      Senate Standing Committee on Environment and Communications, Additional Estimates Hearing February 2012, Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy Portfolio, Question Number 60.

[72]      Name Withheld, Submission 57, pp 2–3.

[73]      Ms Julia Karpathakis, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 11.

[74]      Ms Julia Karpathakis, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, pp 12–13.

[75]      Miss Shonica Guy, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 13.

[76]      Ms Julia Karpathakis and Miss Shonica Guy, Committee Hansard, 14 May 2012, p. 15.

[77]      Mr Tom Cummings, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 2, 6.

[78]      Mr Ralph Bristow, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 41.

[79]      Major Brad Halse, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 13.

[80]      Ms Abigail Kazal, Dr Katy O'Neill, Committee Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 23.

[81]      See http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-07-12/leanne-scott-pokies-addiction/4127246 (accessed 13 July 2012).

[82]      William V. Sasso and Jasminka Kalajdzic, 'Do Ontario and its Gaming Venues owe a Duty of Care to Problem Gamblers?', Final report submitted to the Ontario Problem Gambling Research Centre, February 2006. Note: A detailed critique of this paper was prepared by Cameron (2007) a professor of Law at the request of a legal firm which has acted for the Ontario Lottery and Gaming Corporation.  See further discussion in Hancock, L, Schellinck, T, and Schrans, T, 'Gambling and corporate social responsibility (CSR): Re-defining industry and state roles on duty of care, host responsibility and risk management', Science Direct, Policy and Society, 27 (2008) 55–68.

[83]      Hancock, L, Schellinck, T, and Schrans, T, 'Gambling and corporate social responsibility (CSR): Re-defining industry and state roles on duty of care, host responsibility and risk management', Science Direct, Policy and Society, 27 (2008), p. 66.

[84]      Hancock, L, Schellinck, T, and Schrans, T, 'Gambling and corporate social responsibility (CSR): Re-defining industry and state roles on duty of care, host responsibility and risk management', Science Direct, Policy and Society, 27 (2008), p. 67.

[85]      Dr Mark Zirnsak, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 12.

[86]      Dr Mark Zirnsak, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 12.

[87]      Dr Mark Zirnsak, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 12.

[88]      Dr Mark Zirnsak, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 12.

[89]      Dr Mark Zirnsak, Committee Hansard, 3 May 2012, p. 13.

[90]      Productivity Commission, Gambling, vol. 1, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2010, p. 12.38.

[91]      Mairi Manley, 'Club staff banned from pokies', My Daily News, 18 April 2012.

[92]      Productivity Commission, Gambling, vol. 1, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2010, p. 22.

[93]      See Guy Stayner, 'Addicts link anti-depression drug to gambling habit', ABC News Online, 24 July 2012, http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-07-23/addicts-link-anti-depression-drug-to-gambling-habit/4148950 (accessed 14 September 2012); 'Parkinson's medication "causes sex, gambling addictions"', ABC News Online, 4 June 2010, http://www.abc.net.au/news/2010-06-04/parkinsons-medication-causes-sex-gambling/854000 (accessed 14 September 2012).