Footnotes

Chair's Preface

[1]        Two other bills were referred to the committee but the committee decided not to conduct inquiries into them due to overlapping subject matter: Poker Machine Harm Reduction Tax (Administration) Bill 2008 and Poker Machine (Reduced Losses – Interim Measures) Bill 2010.

[2]        Mr Andrew Wilkie MP, 'Government online gambling copout', media release, 12 March 2013.

[3]        This considers the health of the entire population, rather than just those already ill or at risk of illness. It emphasises an orientation towards whole groups rather than individuals and complements approaches that seek to treat individuals. It tends to be multi-sectorial and takes into consideration socio-economic as well as clinical factors.

[4]        For example, government, industry, community and individual.

Chapter 1

[1]        Journals of the Senate, No. 3—30 September 2010, pp 141–142.

[2]        See http://www.fahcsia.gov.au/our-responsibilities/communities-and-vulnerable-people/programs-services/problem-gambling/coag-select-council-on-gambling-reform (accessed 7 May 2013). The website notes that the remit of the Select Council on Gambling Reform expired in December 2011.

[3]        See Joint Select Committee on Gambling Reform, Fourth Report: National Gambling Reform Bill 2012 and Related bills, p. 34.

Chapter 2

[1]        Journals of the Senate, 22 March 2012, p. 2362.

[2]        The resolution of appointment for the Joint Select Committee on Gambling Reform directs the committee to inquire into and report on 'any gambling-related legislation that has been tabled in either House, either as a first reading or exposure draft'. Journals of the Senate, No. 3—30 September 2010, pp 141–142.

[3]        See Parliamentary Joint Select Committee on Gambling Reform, Fourth report, National Gambling Reform Bill 2012 and related bills, November 2012.

[4]        Available at: http://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate_Committees?url=gamblingreform_ctte/poker_machine_harm_reduction/hearings/index.htm (accessed 10 May 2013).

[5]        Poker Machine Harm Reduction ($1 Bets and Other Measures) Bill 2012, clause 8.

[6]        Poker Machine Harm Reduction ($1 Bets and Other Measures) Bill 2012, subclause 7(1).

[7]        Poker Machine Harm Reduction ($1 Bets and Other Measures) Bill 2012, subclauses 7(2) and (3).

[8]        Poker Machine Harm Reduction ($1 Bets and Other Measures) Bill 2012, subclause 7(4).

[9]        Poker Machine Harm Reduction ($1 Bets and Other Measures) Bill 2012, Explanatory Memorandum, p. 3.

[10]      Explanatory Memorandum, p. 3.

[11]      See Poker Machine Harm Reduction ($1 Bets and Other Measures) Bill 2012, clause 7.

Chapter 3 - Key issues raised with the committee

[1]        See for example Municipal Association of Victoria, Submission 2, p. 1.

[2]        FamilyVoice Australia, Submission 3, p. 1.

[3]        See ALH Group, Submission 16, p. 1.

[4]        ALH Group, Submission 16, p. 4.

[5]        Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Submission 5, pp 1–2.

[6]        Gaming Technologies Association, Submission 4, p. 4.

[7]        Mr Ross Ferrar, Chief Executive Officer, Gaming Technologies Australia, Committee Hansard, 22 February 2013, p. 15.

[8]        Dr Charles Livingstone, Submission 17, pp 9–10.

[9]        See Dr Ralph Lattimore, Assistant Commissioner, Productivity Commission, Committee Hansard, 22 February 2013, p. 8; Dr Mark Zirnsak, Australian Churches Gambling Taskforce, Committee Hansard, 22 February 2013, p. 24.

[10]      Gaming Technologies Association, Submission 4, p. 4.

[11]      Ms Leesa Croke, Acting Group Manager, Problem Gambling and SACS Group, Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Committee Hansard, 22 February 2013, p. 45.

[12]      New South Wales (NSW) Government, Submission 8, pp 2–3.

[13]      Dr Charles Livingstone, Submission 17, p. 10.

[14]      Dr Charles Livingstone, Submission 17, p. 10.

[15]      Dr Ralph Lattimore, Assistant Commissioner, Productivity Commission, Committee Hansard, 22 February 2013, p. 6.

[16]      Explanatory Memorandum, Poker Machine Harm Reduction ($1 Bets and Other Measures) Bill 2012, p. 2.

[17]      Productivity Commission, Gambling, Vol.1, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2010 Overview, p. 26.

[18]      See for example Australian Churches Gambling Taskforce, Submission 11; Mission Australia, Submission 13; Gambling Impact Society (NSW), Submission 14.

[19]      See NSW Government, Submission 8, p. 3.

[20]      Professor Alex Blaszczynski, Submission 1, p. 3.

[21]      Dr Ralph Lattimore, Assistant Commissioner, Productivity Commission, Committee Hansard, 22 February 2013, p. 6.

[22]      Dr Ralph Lattimore, Assistant Commissioner, Productivity Commission, Committee Hansard, 22 February 2013, p. 6.

[23]      Australasian Gaming Council, Submission 12, p. 8.

[24]      AGC, Submission 12, pp 8–9.

[25]      Professor Kevin Harrigan, Research Associate Professor, University of Waterloo, Canada, Committee Hansard, 22 February 2013, p. 3.

[26]      Aristocrat Technologies Australia, Submission 9, p. 2.

[27]      Professor Kevin Harrigan, Research Associate Professor, University of Waterloo, Canada, Committee Hansard, 22 February 2013, p. 4.

[28]      Australasian Casino Association, Submission 15, p. 2.

[29]      ACA, Submission 15, p. 1.

[30]      NSW Government, Submission 8, p. 3.

[31]      See, for example, Gaming Technologies Association, Submission 4, p. 3.

[32]      NSW Government, Submission 8, pp 2–3.

[33]      The Hon Jenny Macklin MP, Second reading speech, House Hansard, 1 November 2012, pp 12912–12913. For more on the National Gambling Reform Bill 2012 see the committee's fourth report, available at: http://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate_Committees?url=gamblingreform_ctte/completed_inquires/2010-13/gambling_reform_legislation_2012/index.htm (accessed on 4 June 2013).

[34]      Government response to the committee's fourth report, National Gambling Reform Bill 2012 and other related bills, available at: http://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate_Committees?url=gamblingreform_ctte/completed_inquires/2010-13/gambling_reform_legislation_2012/index.htm (accessed 30 May 2013).

[35]      See Joint Select Committee on Gambling Reform, first report, The design and implementation of a mandatory pre-commitment system for electronic gaming machines, May 2011, available at: http://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate_Committees?url=gamblingreform_ctte/completed_inquires/2010-13/precommitment_scheme/report/index.htm (accessed 27 May 2013). Note: this report covered mandatory pre-commitment.

[36]      Ms Leesa Croke, Acting Group Manager, Problem Gambling and SACS Group, Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Committee Hansard,            22 February 2013, p. 45.

[37]      This is due to a decision by Clubs ACT to postpone the trial until after the 2013 federal election. See the committee's discussion with representatives of FaHCSIA, Committee Hansard, 22 February 2013, p. 43.

[38]      Ms Leesa Croke, Acting Group Manager, Problem Gambling and SACS Group, Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Committee Hansard,            22 February 2013, p. 43.

[39]      Ms Leesa Croke, Acting Group Manager, Problem Gambling and SACS Group, Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Committee Hansard,            22 February 2013, p. 44.

[40]      Government response to committee's first report, The design and implementation of a mandatory pre-commitment system for electronic gaming machines, May 2011, available at: http://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate_Committees?url=gamblingreform_ctte/completed_inquires/2010-13/precommitment_scheme/index.htm (accessed 27 May 2013).

[41]      NSW Government, Submission 8, p. 3.

[42]      FaHCSIA, Submission 5, p. 3.

[43]      Joint Select Committee on Gambling Reform, Fourth Report, National Gambling Reform Bill 2012 and related bills, available at: http://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate_Committees?url=gamblingreform_ctte/completed_inquires/2010-13/gambling_reform_legislation_2012/index.htm (accessed on 4 June 2013).

[44]      ALH Group, Submission 16, pp 2–3.

[45]      NSW Government, Submission 8, p. 4.

Chapter 4

[1]        Journals of the Senate, No. 121, 1 November 2012, p. 3251.

[2]        Journals of the Senate, No. 123, 20 November 2012, p. 3326.

[3]        Journals of the Senate, No. 138, 13 March 2013, p. 3743.

[4]        Explanatory Memorandum, p. 2. See also Clubs Australia, Submission 2, p. 3.

[5]        The bill seeks to reduce the threshold reporting level for gaming machine payouts from $10,000 to $1,000.

[6]        Explanatory Memorandum, p. 2.

[7]        Australian Churches Gambling Taskforce, Submission 1, p. 2; See Australian Crime Commission, Organised Crime in Australia, 2011, p. 47, p. 49.

[8]        Australian Churches Gambling Taskforce, Submission 1, p. 5.

[9]        The two options for money laundering. See Clubs Australia, Submission 2, p. 3.

[10]      Clubs Australia, Submission 2, p. 1.

[11]      Clubs Australia, Submission 2, p. 2.

[12]      Clubs Australia, Submission 2, p. 3.

[13]      Clubs Australia, Submission 2, p. 3.

[14]      Clubs Australia, Submission 2, p. 4.

Chapter 5

[1]        Journals of the Senate, No. 146—16 May 2013, p. 3958.

[2]        The resolution of appointment for the Joint Select Committee on Gambling Reform directs the committee to inquire into and report on 'any gambling-related legislation that has been tabled in either House, either as a first reading or exposure draft'. Journals of the Senate,                      No. 3—30 September 2010, pp 141–142.

[3]        Explanatory Memorandum, p. 2.

[4]        Explanatory Memorandum, p. 2.

[5]        Apps are software programs that may be installed on smartphones and a growing selection of other devices including tablets, home entertainment devices, laptops or desktop computers. See Australian Communications and Media Authority, Mobile apps, Emerging issues in media and communications, Occasional paper 1, May 2013, p. 5.

[6]        Australian Communications and Media Authority, Mobile apps, Emerging issues in media and communications, Occasional paper 1, May 2013, p. 5.

[7]        To February 2013 by online Australians who had ever down loaded an app.

[8]        Game.

[9]        Game.

[10]      Photos and Video.

[11]      Game.

[12]      Navigation.

[13]      Social Networking.

[14]      Game.

[15]      Sports.

[16]      Game.

[17]      Game.

[18]      Australian Communications and Media Authority, Mobile apps, Emerging issues in media and communications, Occasional paper 1, May 2013, pp 7–9. 

[19]      No upfront costs.

[20]      Upfront cost.

[21]      Commonwealth Consumer Affairs Advisory Council, inquiry into 'app' purchases by Australian consumers on mobile and handheld devices, Issues paper, available from http://issues.ccaac.gov.au/2012/12/12/app-purchases-by-australian-consumers-on-mobile-and-handheld-devices/#8 (accessed 4 June 2013).

[22]      Australian Communications and Media Authority, Mobile apps, Emerging issues in media and communications, Occasional paper 1, May 2013, p. 11.

[23]      Freemium refers to a marketing concept where the download of the app is free but subscriptions or other purchasing of specific items may be required to unlock the full features of the app. See Commonwealth Consumer Affairs Advisory council, Issues Paper, App purchases by Australian consumers on mobile and handheld devices, December 2012, p. 7.

[24]      GDAA, Submission 1, p. 4.

[25]      The Digital Policy Group is a special interest  group of AIMIA which represents 460 digital players in the Australian digital industry. The founding members include eBay, Facebook, Google and Yahoo!7. See AIMA Digital Policy Group, Submission 2, p. 1.

[26]      Australian Interactive Media Industry Association Digital Policy Group, Submission 2, p. 3.

[27]      Members include: Zynga, Rocketplay, Plumbee, Playtika, PlayStudios, IGT, Gamesys, and Aristocrat. See International Social Games Coalition, Submission 3, p. 3.

[28]      International Social Games Coalition, Submission 3, p. 3.

[29]      Australian Interactive Media Industry Association Digital Policy Group, Submission 2, pp 3–4; International Social Games Coalition, Submission 3, p. 3.

[30]      Australian Interactive Media Industry Association Digital Policy Group, Submission 2, pp 3–4.

Chapter 6

[1]        IGA, Part 1, section 4.

[2]        Proposed Schedule 1.

[3]        Australian Psychological Society, Submission 4, p. 2.

[4]        GDAA, Submission 1, p. 4.

[5]        GDAA, Submission 1, p. 6.

[6]        GDAA, Submission 1, p. 6.

[7]        Australian Interactive Media Industry Association Digital Policy Group, Submission 2, p. 2.

[8]        Australian Interactive Media Industry Association Digital Policy Group, Submission 2, p. 3.

[9]        International Social Games Coalition, Submission 3, p. 4.

[10]      International Social Games Coalition, Submission 3, p. 5.

[11]      International Social Games Coalition, Submission 3, p. 5.

[12]      Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy, Submission 5, p. 4.

[13]      Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy, Submission 5, p. 4.

[14]      Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy, Submission 5, p. 4.

[15]      Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy, Submission 5, pp 4–5.

[16]      Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy, Submission 5, p. 5.

[17]      Clubs Australia, Submission 6.

[18]      Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy, Review of the Interactive Gambling Act 2001, Final Report 2012, pp 22–25.

[19]      Senator The Hon Stephen Conroy, 'Strengthened consumer protection for online gambling', Media Release, 12 March 2013.

[20]      Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy, Submission 5, p. 2.

[21]      Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy, Review of the Interactive Gambling Act 2001, Final Report 2012, p. 139.

[22]      Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy, Review of the Interactive Gambling Act 2001, Final Report 2012, p. 142.

[23]      Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy, Review of the Interactive Gambling Act 2001, Final Report 2012, p. 141.

[24]      Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy, Review of the Interactive Gambling Act 2001, Final Report 2012, p. 141.

[25]      Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy, Review of the Interactive Gambling Act 2001, Final Report 2012, p. 141.

[26]      Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy, Review of the Interactive Gambling Act 2001, Final Report 2012, p. 141.

[27]      Australian Psychological Society, Submission 4, p. 1.

[28]      Australian Psychological Society, Submission 4, p. 6.

[29]      Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy, Review of the Interactive Gambling Act 2001, Final Report 2012, p. 142.

[30]      Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy, Review of the Interactive Gambling Act 2001, Final Report 2012, p. 141.

[31]      Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy, Review of the Interactive Gambling Act 2001, Final Report 2012, p. 142.

[32]      Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy, Submission 5, pp 5–6.

[33]      Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy, Review of the Interactive Gambling Act 2001, Final Report 2012, p. 145.

[34]      Mr Abul Rizvi, Committee Hansard (Inquiry into the advertising and promotion of gambling services in sport), 19 March 2013, p. 11.

[35]      GDAA, Submission 1, p. 6.

[36]      Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy, Review of the Interactive Gambling Act 2001, Final Report 2012, p. 142.

[37]      Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy, Review of the Interactive Gambling Act 2001, Final Report 2012, p. 143.

[38]      http://www.dbcde.gov.au/easyguide/social_networking (accessed 6 June 2013)

[39]      Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy, Review of the Interactive Gambling Act 2001, Final Report 2012, p. 143.

[40]      Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy, Submission 5, p. 6.

[41]      International Social Games Coalition, Submission 3, p. 6.

[42]      Australian Interactive Media Industry Association Digital Policy Group, Submission 2, p. 4.

[43]      See http://ccaac.gov.au/2012/12/12/app-purchases-by-australian-consumers-on-mobile-and-handheld-devices/ (accessed 4 June 2013)

[44]      Commonwealth Consumer Affairs Advisory council, Issues Paper, App purchases by Australian consumers on mobile and handheld devices, December 2012, p. 6.

[45]      Commonwealth Consumer Affairs Advisory council, Issues Paper, App purchases by Australian consumers on mobile and handheld devices, December 2012, p. 6. See also Sarah Whyte, 'Toddler spends big bucks on 'free' iPad app', The Age, 3 June 2013.

[46]      Commonwealth Consumer Affairs Advisory council, Issues Paper, App purchases by Australian consumers on mobile and handheld devices, December 2012, p. 6.

[47]      Commonwealth Consumer Affairs Advisory council, Issues Paper, App purchases by Australian consumers on mobile and handheld devices, December 2012, pp 7–10.

Dissenting report by the Chair and Senators Xenophon, Di Natale and Madigan - The Poker Machine Harm Reduction ($1 Bets and Other Measures) Bill 2012

[1]        Gambling Impact Society (NSW), Submission 14, p. 5.

[2]        For more on the gambling continuum see the Joint Select Committee's first report, The design and implementation of a mandatory pre-commitment system for electronic gaming machines, May 2011, p. 51, available at: http://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate_Committees?url=gamblingreform_ctte/completed_inquires/index.htm (accessed 6 June 2013).

[3]        Municipal Association of Victoria, Submission 2, Attachment, p. 5.

[4]        Municipal Association of Victoria, Submission 2, Attachment, p. 5.

[5]        Municipal Association of Victoria, Submission 2, Attachment, p. 14.

[6]        Gambling Impact Society, Submission 14, p. 4. See Productivity Commission, Australia's Gambling Industries, Report no. 10, 1999, available at: http://www.pc.gov.au/projects/inquiry/gambling/docs/report, and Productivity Commission, Gambling, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra 2010.

[7]        A number of personal stories are set out in Chapter 2 of the committee's first report. See The design and implementation of a mandatory pre-commitment system for electronic gaming machines, May 2011, p. 51, available at: http://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate_Committees?url=gamblingreform_ctte/completed_inquires/index.htm (accessed 6 June 2013).

[8]        FamilyVoice Australia, Submission 3, p. 1.

[9]        Productivity Commission, Gambling, Report no. 50, Overview, 26 February 2010, p. 2.

[10]      Gaming Technologies Australia, Submission 4, p. 4.

[11]      Dr Ralph Lattimore, Assistant Commissioner, Productivity Commission, Committee Hansard, 22 February 2013, p. 7.

[12]      Australian Churches Gambling Taskforce, Submission 11, p. 5.

[13]      Australian Churches Gambling Taskforce, Submission 11, p. 5.

[14]      Productivity Commission, Gambling, Vol. 1, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2010, p. 11.39.

[15]      Mr Mark Henley, Secretary, SA Churches Gambling Taskforce, and Member, Australian Churches Gambling Taskforce, Committee Hansard, 22 February 2013, p. 23. See also discussion with Professor Kevin Harrigan, Research Associate Professor, University of Waterloo, Canada, Committee Hansard, 22 February 2013, p. 2.

[16]      See Productivity Commission, Gambling, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2010.

[17]      Professor Kevin Harrigan, Research Associate Professor, University of Waterloo, Canada, Committee Hansard, 22 February 2013, p. 4.

[18]      Mr Mark Henley, Secretary, SA Churches Gambling Taskforce, and Member, Australian Churches Gambling Taskforce, Committee Hansard, 22 February 2013, p. 23.

[19]      Dr Ralph Lattimore, Assistant Commissioner, Productivity Commission, Committee Hansard, 22 February 2013, p. 6.

[20]      Gambling Impact Society (NSW), Submission 14, p. 7.

[21]      For more on the addictive nature of poker machines see Natasha Dow Schull, Addiction by Design: Machine Gambling in Las Vegas, Princeton University Press, 2012.

[22]      Dr Ralph Lattimore, Assistant Commissioner, Productivity Commission, Committee Hansard, 22 February 2013, p. 6.

[23]      Dr Ralph Lattimore, Assistant Commissioner, Productivity Commission, Committee Hansard, 22 February 2013, p. 6.

[24]      Vanda Carson, 'Threat to pokies as money laundries', Sydney Morning Herald, 1 October 2010, available at http://www.smh.com.au/nsw/threat-to-pokies-as-money-laundries-20100930-15zd5.html, (accessed 19 June 2013).

[25]      Explanatory Memorandum, p. 2.

[26]      Explanatory Memorandum, pp 2–3.

[27]      Clubs Australia, Submission 2, p. 2.

[28]      Clubs Australia, Submission 2, p 2.

[29]      Chip Le Grand and Adam Shand, 'Mathieson's pub linked to money laundering', The Australian, 20 September 2012, available at: http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/nation/mathiesons-pub-linked-to-money-laundering/story-e6frg6nf-1226477624038, (accessed 19 June 2013).

[30]      Explanatory Memorandum, p. 2.

[31]      Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy, Review of the Interactive Gambling Act 2001, Final Report 2012, p. 141.

[32]      The Australian Psychological Society, Submission 4, p. 5.

[33]      The Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy, Submission 5, p. 7.

[34]      Australian Interactive Media Industry Association Digital Policy Group, Submission 2, p. 4.

[35]      'Online game theft is real crime', The Daily Telegraph, 1 February 2012, available at: http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/online-game-theft-is-real-crime/story-fn6e1m7z-1226258943420, (accessed 19 June 2013).

[36]      The Australian Psychological Society, Submission 4, pp 2–3.

Coalition committee members' additional comments

[1]        See for example Professor Alex Blaszczynski, Submission 1; Clubs Australia, Submission 7; NSW Government, Submission 8; Gaming Technologies Australia, Submission 4; Aristocrat, Submission 9; Australasian Gaming Council, Submission 12.

[2]        Professor Alex Blaszczynski, Submission 1, p. 2.

[3]        Clubs Australia, Submission 7, p. 6.

[4]        Clubs Australia, Submission 7, p. 4.

[5]        See Gaming Technologies Association, Submission 4, p. 2.

[6]        Gaming Technologies Association, Submission 4, p. 2.

[7]        Clubs Australia, Submission 7, p. 9.

[8]        Mr Ross Ferrar, Chief Executive Officer, Gaming Technologies Australia, Committee Hansard, 22 February 2012, p. 15.

[9]        See discussion with Dr Ralph Lattimore, Assistant Commissioner, Productivity Commission, Committee Hansard, 22 February 2013, p. 11.