Footnotes - Chapter 3

[1] Eighth United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, 1990, p. 6.

[2] United Nations Economic and Social Council, Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice,
Conclusions of the Study on effective measures to prevent and control high-technology and computerrelated
crime, Vienna, 2001, p. 6.

[3] ibid., p. 7.

[4] Submissions, pp. 216-217.

[5] Attorney-General's Department, Annual Report 1999-2000, p. 73.

[6] Thomas D. and Loader B.D., eds, Cybercrime: Law enforcement, security and surveillance in the information age, Routledge, London, 2000, p. 163.

[7] Police Commissioners' Conference Electronic Crime Project Working Party, The Virtual Horizon:
Meeting the Law Enforcement Challenges, ACPR, Payneham SA, 2000, p. 9.

[8] Attorney-General's Department, Annual Report 1999-2000, p. 70.

[9] COE, Recommendation of the Committee of Ministers to Member States Concerning Problems of Criminal Procedure Law Connected with Information, 1995 [www.privacyinternational.org/issues/cybercrime]

[10] Submissions, p. 245.

[11] ibid., p. 169.

[12] House of Representatives, Hansard, 27 June 2001, p. 27082.

[13] ibid., p. 27081.

[14] European Commission, Creating a Safer Information Society by Improving the Security of Information Infrastructures and Combating Computer-related Crime, Brussels, 2001, p. 15.

[15] European Commission, Creating a Safer Information Society by Improving the Security of Information Infrastructures and Combating Computer-related Crime, Brussels, 2001, pp. 2-3.

[16] See Police Commissioners' Conference Electronic Crime Project Working Party, The Virtual Horizon: Meeting the Law Enforcement Challenges, Payneham SA, ACPR, 2000, p. 66.

[17] Attorney-General's portfolio, Submissions, p. 227.

[18] Police Commissioners' Conference Electronic Crime Project Working Party, The Virtual Horizon: Meeting the Law Enforcement Challenges, Payneham SA, ACPR, 2000, pp. 67-68.

[19] AUSTRAC, An Overview of Australia's Anti-money Laundering Strategy, May 2000, p. 2.

[20] FATF, The Forty Recommendations, OECD, Paris, (1990).

[21] FATF, Annual Report 1996-97, 1997, p. 13.

[22] FATF, Review to Identify Non-Cooperative Countries or Territories: Increasing the Worldwide
Effectiveness of Anti-Money Laundering Measures, June 2000.

[23] ibid., p. 12.

[24] FATF, Review to Identify Non-Cooperative Countries or Territories: Increasing the Worldwide
Effectiveness of Anti-Money Laundering Measures, June 2001, p. 4.

[25] AUSTRAC, An Overview of Australia's Anti-Money Laundering Strategy, May 2000, p. 8.

[26] Attorney-General's portfolio, Submissions, p. 230.

[27] Police Commissioners' Conference Electronic Crime Project Working Party, The Virtual Horizon: Meeting the Law Enforcement Challenges, Payneham, SA, ACPR, 2000, p. 64.

[28] See the Committee's February 1997 report entitled Law Enforcement in Australia - An International Perspective for a summary of the meeting with Mr Kendall. The transcript of the public hearing held with Mr Kendall on 5 December 1996 can be accessed through the Committee's webpage at http://www.aph.gov.au/nca.

[29] Attorney-General's portfolio, Submissions, pp. 229-230.

[30] Attorney-General's portfolio, Submissions, p. 231.

[31] Submissions, p. 245.

[32] ibid., pp.245-246.

[33] Submissions, p. 225.

[34] Attorney-General's Department, Annual Report 1999-2000, p. 200.

[35] ibid., p. 75.

[36] Submissions, p. 92

[37] Submissions, p. 141.

[38] ibid., p. 46

[39] ibid., p. 111.

[40] ibid., pp. 111-112.

[41] This is permitted under the Financial Transaction Reports Act, s.37A and subsection 27(3A).

[42] Permitted under the Telecommunications (Interception) Act 1979, paragraph 5B(h).

[43] Submissions, p. 229.

[44] Submissions, pp. 228-229

[45] ibid., pp. 169-170.

[46] United Nations Economic and Social Council, Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, Conclusions of the Study of effective measures to prevent and control high-technology and computerrelated crime: Report of the Secretary-General, Tenth session, item 4, Vienna, May 2001, pp. 16-17.

[47] Submissions, p. 260.

[48] In Crime in the Digital Age: Controlling Telecommunications and Cyberspace Illegalities (reproduced in Submissions, p. 14) Grabosky and Smith wrote: Current wisdom, in [e-commerce] as in other areas of telecommunications-related crime, is inclined against what might be referred to as premature regulation. Untimely regulatory intervention runs the risk of stifling innovation and product development.