Footnotes

Chapter 1 Introduction

[1]       Hon. Stephen Smith MP, Correspondence to the Committee.

[2]       DFAT, Submission No. 46, p. 519.

[3]       Reuters, Africa’s century for development: World Bank chief. <http://af.reuters.com/articlePrint?articleId=AFJOE57D02S20090814>  Accessed March 2011.

[4]       Kufuor Speech at the opening of the Tenth Ordinary Session of the AU. <http://www.ghanatoghana.com/Ghanahomepage/kufuor-speech-opening-tenth-ordinar...>  Accessed March 2011

[5]       Ms Callaghan has 20 years experience in international development, having worked for seven years with AusAID and 13 years with the United Nations.

[6]       Ms Margaret O’Callaghan, Submission No. 54, pp. 645–6.

[7]       Professor Gareth Evans, Transcript 8 December 2010, p. 63.

[8]       Naomi Chazan, Robert Mortimer, John Ravenhill, and Donald Rothchild (1988), Politics and Society in Contemporary Africa, London: MacMillan, pp. 24—7.

[9]       African Union Website, < www.africa-union.org/root/AU/MemberStates/map.htm> Accessed January 2011.

[10]     BBC News, Profile: African Union, <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/country_profiles/3870303.stm> Accessed January 2011.

[11]     Stephanie Hanson, The African Union, Council on Foreign Relations Backgrounder, September 2009, p. 5; African Union Website, <www.africa-union.org/root/au/index/index.htm> Accessed January 2011.

[12]     BBC News, Profile: African Union, <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/country_profiles/3870303.stm> Accessed January 2011.

[13]     BBC News, Profile: African Union, <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/country_profiles/3870303.stm> Accessed January 2011.

[14]     Rodrigo Tavares (2010), Regional Security: the capacity of international organisations, London: Routledge, pp. 22—23.

[15]     Stephanie Hanson, The African Union, Council on Foreign Relations Backgrounder, September 2009, p. 6.

[16]     Stephanie Hanson, The African Union, Council on Foreign Relations Backgrounder, September 2009, p. 6.

[17]     South African High Commissioner His Excellency Mr Lenin Shope, Transcript 20 April 2010, p. 48.

[18]     Rodrigo Tavares, Regional Security, p. 26.

[19]     Rodrigo Tavares, Regional Security, p. 26.

[20]     Stephanie Hanson, The African Union, Council on Foreign Relations Backgrounder, September 2009, p. 3; High Commissioner Professor Sunday Olu Agbi, Transcript 20 April 2010, p. 62.

[21]     Rodrigo Tavares, Regional Security, p. 27.

[22]     Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Submission No. 46I, p. 466.

[23]     Africa Review, Coming soon: An African standby force, Wednesday, May 25, 2011. <http://www.africareview.com/Special+Reports/-/979182/1154792/-/10tgx97z/-/index.html> Accessed May 2011.

[24]     DFAT, Submission No 94, p. 6 (of submission)

[25]     NEPAD Website, <www.nepad.org/economicandcorporategovernance/african-peer-review-mechanism/about> Accessed January 2011.

[26]     ECOWAS member states are Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Cote d’Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Togo.

[27]     Rodrigo Tavares, Regional Security, p. 36.

[28]     Rodrigo Tavares, Regional Security, pp. 36–7.

[29]     Rodrigo Tavares, Regional Security, p. 37.

[30]     ECOWAS Website, <www.parl.ecowas.int/english/clinus.htm> Accessed January 2011.

[31]     EBID Website, <www.bidc-ebid.org/en/bidc_en.php> Accessed January 2011.

[32]     Exhibit No. 39, p. 35

[33]     Rodrigo Tavares, Regional Security, p. 56

[34]     Rodrigo Tavares, Regional Security, pp. 56—7.

[35]     Business Daily (Nairobi), Kenya: Speed Up the Creation of African Union Standby Force, 19 January 2011. <http://allafrica.com/stories/201101190317.html> Accessed May 2011.

[36]     SADC member states are Angola, Botswana, Democratic Republic of Congo, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.

[37]     African Union website, <www.africa-union.org/root/au/recs/sadc.htm> Accessed January 2011.

[38]     African Union website, <http://www.africa-union.org/recs/sadcprofile.pdf> Accessed January 2011.

[39]     Rodrigo Tavares, Regional Security, pp. 58—61.

[40]     African Union website, <www.africa-union.org/recs/sadcprofile.pdf> Accessed January 2011.

[41]     Rodrigo Tavares, Regional Security, pp. 59, 65.

[42]     SADC Parliamentary Forum and Southern African Resource Watch, Exhibit No.44, pp. 1–3.

[43]     Exhibit 39, p. 35.

[44]     EAC website, <www.eac.int/about-eac/eac-history.html> Accessed January 2011.

[45]     IGAD member states are Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan and Uganda.

[46]     Rodrigo Tavares, Regional Security, pp. 46–7.

[47]     COMESA member states are Burundi, Comoros, Democratic Republic of Congo, Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Rwanda, Seychelles, Sudan, Swaziland, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.

[48]     COMESA website, <http://about.comesa.int/lang-en/overview> Accessed January 2011.

[49]     ECASS member states are: Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Rwanda, and Sao Tome and Principe.

[50]     DFAT, Submission No. 46, p. 460.

[51]     Produced by the School for International Studies, Simon Fraser University, the British Columbia, Canada. <http://www.hsrgroup.org/human-security-reports/20092010/overview.aspx> Accessed, January 2011.

[52]     Professor Gareth Evans, Transcript 8 December 2010, p. 53.

[53]     Professor Gareth Evans, Transcript 8 December 2010, p. 54.

[54]     Professor Gareth Evans, Transcript 8 December 2010, p. 63.

[55]     DFAT, Submission No. 46, p. 460.

[56]     Ms Catherine Walker, Transcript 20 April 2010, p. 29; AusAID, Submission No. 47, p. 591.

[57]     Transparency International, Corruption Perceptions Index 2009, Regional Highlights.

[58]     Professor Gareth Evans, Transcript 8 December 2010, p. 55.

[59]     Dr David Lucas, Submission No. 22, p. 163, quoting Gavin Kitchen, Why I gave up African Studies, African Studies Review and Newsletter, 22 (1), pp 21–6.

[60]     Dr David Lucas, Submission No. 22, p. 164.

[61]     AusAID, Submission No. 107, p. 1278.

[62]     ACFID, Annual Report 2010, pp 19–20.

[63]     Exhibit No. 14, Mr Roger Donnelly & Mr Benjamin Ford, Into Africa: How the Resource Boom is Making Sub-Saharan Africa More Important to Australia, Lowy Institute for International Policy, 2008.

[64]     Hon Stephen Smith MP, Africa Day Speech, 26 May 2008. <http://www.foreignminister.gov.au/speeches/2008/080526_africa_day.html> Accessed July 2010.

[65]     Professor Gareth Evans, Transcript 8 December 2010, pp. 55–6.

[66]     Gareth Evans, Transcript 8 December 2010, p. 56.

[67]     Oxfam Australia, Submission No. 39, p. 373–4.

[68]     Professor Craig McGarty, Transcript 10 March 2011, p. 11.

Chapter 2 Government to Government Links

[1]       DFAT, Submission No. 46, p. 497; Mr Justin Hayhurst, Transcript 20 April 2010, p. 11.

[2]       DFAT, Submission No. 94, p. 1191. The embassy is expected to become fully operational by mid-2012.

[3]       DFAT, Submission No. 94, p. 1191.

[4]       Mr Justin Hayhurst, Transcript 20 April 2010, p. 11.

[5]       Mr Justin Hayhurst, Transcript 20 April 2010, p. 5.

[6]       DFAT, Submission No. 94, pp. 1192–3.

[7]       <http://www.gov.au/missions> Accessed January 2011

[8]       DFAT, Submission No. 113, p. 1343.

[9]       Mr Roderick Reeve, Transcript 28 April 2010, p. 27.

[10]     Prof Gareth Evans, Transcript 8 December 2010, p. 64.

[11]     Dr David Dorward, Transcript 5 May 2010, p. 3.

[12]     Hon. Kerry Sibraa, Transcript 28 April 2010, p. 3.

[13]     Hon. Kerry Sibraa, Transcript 28 April 2010, p. 8.

[14]     Professor Helen Ware, Transcript 28 April 2010, p. 24.

[15]     Mr Charles Milward, Transcript 27 April 2010, p. 60.

[16]     Dr David Lucas, Transcript 27 April 2010, p. 25.

[17]     Mr Joel Negin, Transcript 28 April 2010, p. 59.

[18]     Mr Roger Donnelly, Transcript 7 December 2010, p. 50.

[19]     DFAT, Submission No. 113, p. 1317.

[20]     Hon. Kerry Sibraa, Transcript 28 April 2010, p. 3.

[21]     Hon. Kerry Sibraa, Transcript 28 April 2010, p. 3.

[22]     Prof. Helen Ware, Transcript 28 April 2010, p. 23.

[23]     Kenya covers eight additional countries—DFAT, Submission No. 46, p. 515.

[24]     Assoc. Prof. Geoffrey Hawker, Transcript 28 April 2010, p. 82.

[25]     Embassy level (not consular) posts in Africa are: US 51; China 48; Japan 33; UK 75; EU 31; Canada 18; Republic of Korea 16; Malaysia 13; Thailand 8; and Vietnam 6.

[26]     Former Portuguese colonies.

[27]     African Union Commission, Ghana, Kenya (2), Morocco, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania (2), Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. The total number of incoming delegations was 103.

[28]     Commonwealth Parliamentary Conference (2), CPA (2), CPA Executive (2), Commonwealth Speakers and Presiding Officers Conference.

[29]     IPU Assembly (3), IPU Executive. The total number of outgoing delegations was 57.

[30]     <http://www.aph.gov.au/house/info/pro/index.htm> Accessed May 2011.

[31]     Nigeria High Commission, Canberra, Submission No. 18, p. 142.

[32]     HE Mr Stephen K. Tarus, Kenyon High Commissioner, Submission No. 25, p. 185.

[33]     South African High Commission, Submission No. 23, p. 176.

[34]     Transcript 20 April 2010, p. 73; Dr Hugh Craft, Transcript 20 April 2010, p. 74.

[35]     Egypt, Eritrea, Mauritius, Morocco, Nigeria, South Africa, Uganda, and Zimbabwe.

[36]     Department of Innovation, Industry, Science and Research, Submission No. 8, p. 79.

[37]     Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Local Government, Submission No. 9, p. 87.

[38]     Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Submission No. 26, p. 196.

[39]     HE Mr Lenin Shope, Transcript 20 April 2010, p. 40.

[40]     Dr Hugh Craft, Transcript 20 April 2010, p. 74.

[41]     Dr Hugh Craft, Transcript 20 April 2010, p. 75.

[42]     http://www.thecommonwealth.org/Internal/190691/190842/the_commonwealth_minist
erial_action_group_s__cmag/ > Accessed March 2011.

[43]     South African High Commission, Submission No. 23, p. 175.

[44]     Mr Joel Negin, Transcript, 28 April 2010, p. 62.

[45]     Mr Joel Negin, Transcript, 28 April 2010, p. 62.

[46]     Hon. Kerry Sibraa, Transcript, 28 April 2010, p. 15.

[47]     Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, South Africa, Tanzania, and Zambia.

[48]     DFAT, Submission No. 46, p. 496.

[49]     DFAT, Submission No. 46, p. 496.

[50]     DAAF, Submission No. 26, p. 196.

[51]     Defence, Submission No. 30, pp. 221–2.

[52]     DEEWR, Submission No. 38, pp. 333–5.

[53]     DIAC, Submission No. 42, pp. 432–3.

[54]     DITRDG, Submission No. 9, pp. 86–7.

[55]     DITRDG, Submission No. 67, pp. 399–400.

[56]     DIISR, Submission No. 8, pp. 81–2.

[57]     DRET, Submission No. 36, p. 270.

[58]     Government of Western Australia, Submission No. 49, p. 605.

Chapter 3 Australia’s Aid Program

[1]       Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) website, <http://www.oecd.org/document/18/0,3343,en_2649_3236398_35401554_1_1_1_1,00.html> Accessed January 2011.

[2]       Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) website, <http://www.oecd.org/document/18/0,3343,en_2649_3236398_35401554_1_1_1_1,00.html> Accessed January 2011.

[3]       AusAID website, <http://www.ausaid.gov.au/keyaid/mdg.cfm> Accessed January 2011.

[4]       MDG Africa Steering Group website, <http://www.mdgafrica.org/> Accessed February 2011.

[5]       AusAID, Submission No. 45, p. 563.

[6]       AusAID, Submission No. 45, p. 569.

[7]       AusAID, Submission No. 45, p. 569.

[8]       Budget Australia’s International Development Assistance Program, Statement by Hon. Kevin Rudd MP, Minister for Foreign Affairs, 10 May 2011, p. 126.

[9]       AusAID, Submission No. 107, p. 1305.

[10]     AusAID, Transcript 20 April 2010, p. 3.

[11]     AusAID, Submission No. 92, p. 1008.

[12]     AusAID, Transcript 20 April 2010, p. 7.

[13]     AusAID, Submission No. 47, pp. 564–5; see also AusAID, Looking West: Australia’s strategic approach to aid in Africa 2011-2015, December 2010.

[14]     AusAID, Looking West: Australia’s strategic approach to aid in Africa 2011-2015, December 2010, p. 15.

[15]     AusAID, Submission No. 47, p. 570.

[16]     ACIAR, Submission No. 27, p. 209.

[17]     AusAID, Submission No. 47, p. 570.

[18]     AusAID, Submission No. 47, p. 583.

[19]     AusAID, Submission No. 47, p. 565.

[20]     AusAID, Looking West: Australia’s strategic approach to aid in Africa 2011-2015, December 2010, p. 10.

[21]     AusAID, Submission No. 47, p. 572.

[22]     AusAID, Submission No. 47, pp. 571–4.

[23]     AusAID, Submission No. 47, p. 573.

[24]     AusAID, Looking West: Australia’s strategic approach to aid in Africa 2011-2015, December 2010, p. 10.

[25]     AusAID, Looking West: Australia’s strategic approach to aid in Africa 2011-2015, December 2010, p. 10.

[26]     AusAID, Submission No. 47, p. 575.

[27]     AusAID, Submission No. 47, pp. 575–6.

[28]     AusAID, Submission No. 47, p. 577.

[29]     AusAID, Submission No. 47, p. 578.

[30]     AusAID, Looking West: Australia’s strategic approach to aid in Africa 2011-2015, December 2010, p. 12.

[31]     AusAID, Submission No. 47, p. 582.

[32]     AusAID, Submission No. 47, pp. 582—3.

[33]     AusAID, Submission No. 47, pp. 583—4.

[34]     ACFID, Submission No. 37, p. 274.

[35]     ACFID, Submission No. 37, pp. 285.

[36]     ACFID, Submission No. 37, p. 285.

[37]     AusAID, Submission No. 92, p. 987.

[38]     ACFID, Submission No. 37, p. 287.

[39]     AusAID, Submission No. 92, p. 1006.

[40]     AusAID, Submission No. 92, p. 1006.

[41]     ACFID, Submission No. 37, p. 283.

[42]     AusAID, Submission No. 92, p. 984.

[43]     ACFID, Submission No. 37, p. 285.

[44]     AusAID, Submission No. 92, p. 989.

[45]     ACFID, Submission No. 37, p. 287–8.

[46]     AusAID, Submission No. 92, p. 1008.

[47]     AusAID, Submission No. 92, p. 1009.

[48]     ACFID, Submission No. 37, p. 274.

[49]     ACFID, ACFID Annual Report 2010.

[50]     ACFID, Submission No. 37, p. 274.

[51]     ACFID, Submission No. 37, Annexure A.

[52]     CARE Australia, Submission No. 7, pp. 69–60.

[53]     ACFID, Submission No. 37, pp. 275—7.

[54]     Vision 2020 Australia, Submission No. 72, pp. 775 & 774.

[55]     Vision 2020, Transcript 8 December 2010, p. 28.

[56]     Vision 2020, Transcript 8 December 2010, p. 27.

[57]     World Vision, Submission No. 31, p. 227.

[58]     The Minimum Initial Service Package (MISP) is a set of priorities for reproductive health in conflict and crisis zones. It is designed to prevent and manage sexual violence, reduce the transmission of HIV, minimise maternal and neo-natal mortality, and ‘plan for comprehensive reproductive health services’. (MISP website, <http://misp.rhrc.org/content/view/22/36/lang,english/> Accessed February 2011)

[59]     World Vision, Submission No. 63, p. 698.

[60]     Oxfam Australia, Submission No 39, p. 353.

[61]     Australian High Commission, South Africa, Visit program notes.

[62]     Briefing by Mr Immelman.

[63]     Australian Embassy, Zimbabwe, Visit program notes.

[64]     Australian Embassy, Zimbabwe, Visit program notes.

[65]     AusAID, Submission No. 47, p. 583.

[66]     <http://www.aecfafrica.org/zimbabwe/index.php?option=com_content&view=
article&id=47&Itemid=53> Accessed April 2011. 

[67]     Australian Embassy, Zimbabwe, Visit program notes.

[68]     <http://www.afdb.org/en/topics-and-sectors/initiatives-partnerships/zimbabwe-multi-donor-trust-fund/> Accessed April 2011.

[69]     AusAID, Submission No. 114, pp. 1348–9.

[70]     AusAID, Submission No. 114, p. 1349.

[71]     Australian Embassy, Addis Ababa, Visit program notes.

[72]     <http://www.ayad.com.au/what-is-ayad> Accessed May 2011.

[73]     <http://www.ausaid.gov.au/publications/pdf/aust-vol-avi-factsheet.pdf>
Accessed June 2011.

[74]     <http://www.australianvolunteers.com/programs/australian-volunteers-for-international-development.aspx> Accessed June 2011.

[75]     <http://www.ausaid.gov.au/hottopics/topic.cfm?ID=872_6918_7937_5970_8092&From=HT> Accessed January 2011.

[76]     ALPA, Submission No. 4, p. 29.

[77]     ALPA, Submission No. 4, p. 29.

[78]     ALPA, Submission No. 4, p. 31.

[79]     ALPA, Submission No. 4, p. 33.

[80]     Australian Business Volunteers (ABV) is an international development agency funded by AusAID which assists in poverty reduction in the Asia-Pacific through capacity building delivered by Australian volunteers who donate their time, with the ABV covering their other reasonable costs.

[81]     Mr David Wheen, Submission No. 10, p. 90.

[82]     Mr David Wheen, Submission No. 10, pp. 91–2.

[83]     LIW, Submission No. 102, p. 1228.

[84]     Ms Pia Lee, Transcript 10 March 2011, p. 61.

[85]     Ms Pia Lee, Transcript 10 March 2011, p. 66.

[86]     Ms Pia Lee, Transcript 10 March 2011, p. 67.

[87]     Ms Pia Lee, Transcript 10 March 2011, pp. 62, 69

[88]     LIW, Submission No. 102, p. 1237.

[89]     AAMIG, Submission No. 50, p. 611.

[90]     AAMIG, Submission No. 50, p. 613.

[91]     Mr Andrew MacLeod, Transcript 6 May, p. 49.

[92]     AAMIG, Submission No. 50, p. 611

[93]     AAMIG, Submission No. 50, p. 613.

[94]     AAMIG, Submission No. 50, p. 613.

[95]     ASPI, A Case for Collaboration: Enhancing the development outcomes of Australian resource companies’ operations overseas, Special Report, June 2010, Issue No. 32, p. 13.

[96]     CARE Australia, Submission No. 88, p. 946.

[97]     Mr Andrew MacLeod, Submission No. 89, p. 957.

[98]     CARE Australia, Submission No. 88, p. 947.

[99]     CARE Australia, Submission No. 88, p. 946.

[100]   Dr Geoffrey Hawker, Submission No. 103, p. 1242.

[101]   Oxfam Australia, Submission No. 85, pp. 934–5.

[102]   Oxfam Australia, Submission No. 85, p. 935.

[103]   ACFID, Submission No. 82, pp. 892–3.

[104]   Oxfam Australia, Submission No. 85, p. 935.

[105]   Oxfam Australia, Submission No. 39, p. 353.

[106]   Oxfam Australia, Submission No. 85, p. 936.

[107]   Dr Richard Parsons, Submission No. 110, p. 1302.

[108]   DFAT, Submission No. 94, p. 1161.

[109]   DFAT, Submission No. 94, p. 1161.

[110]   DFAT, Submission No. 94, p. 1162.

[111]   Transcript 5 May 2010, p. 81.

[112]   CARE Australia, Submission No. 88, p.947.

Chapter 4 Education Links

[1]       Ms Angela Magarry, Transcript, 27 April 2010, p. 2.

[2]       Ms Angela Magarry, Transcript, 27 April 2010, p. 2. The agreements included arrangements with: ‘the University of Botswana and the University of Zimbabwe … the Lesotho College of Education and with the University of the Western Cape, the University of Pretoria, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, the University of Stellenbosch, the University of Zululand, the Walter Sisulu University for Technology and Science, the University of KwaZulu-Natal, the University of Cape Town, the University of Johannesburg, the University of Pretoria and the University of Witwatersrand, in South Africa … In Tanzania we have an agreement with the University of Dar es Salaam; in Mozambique, with the Eduardo Mondlane University; and in Namibia, with the Polytechnic. There are also agreements with the University of Zambia, the University of Ghana, the University of Mines and Technology in Ghana and the Eduardo Mondlane University in Madagascar’.

[3]       Ms Angela Magarry, Transcript 27 April 2010, pp. 3-4.

[4]       Ms Angela Magarry, Transcript 27 April 2010, p. 4.

[5]       DFAT, Submission No. 46, p. 494.

[6]       See Transcript 10 March 2011, pp. 1–12.

[7]       DEEWR, Submission No. 38, pp. 333–4. The submission notes that visits and delegations with African countries included those with South Africa; Botswana; Ethiopia; Mauritius; Egypt and Libya.

[8]       Prof. Craig McGarty, Transcript 10 March 2011, p. 3; Assoc. Prof. Helen Vella Bonavita, Transcript 10 March 2011, p. 22.

[9]       Ms Angela Magarry, Transcript 27 April 2010, p.9.

[10]     DEEWR, Submission No. 38, pp. 333–4; DFAT, Submission No. 46, pp. 494.

[11]     See for example Monash University, Submission No. 13, pp. 111–2. In the submission Monash University advised the Committee that it held Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) and partnership agreements with a variety of African universities, including: the University of Botswana; University of South Africa; University of Johannesburg; Universidade Eduardo Mondlane; Vaal University of Technology; Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa; and the South African Medical Research Council.

[12]     DEEWR, Submission No. 38, p. 333.

[13]     Professor Simon Adams, Transcript 5 May 2010, p. 21.

[14]     Professor Simon Adams, Transcript 5 May 2010, p. 21.

[15]     Professor Simon Adams, Transcript 5 May 2010, p. 21.

[16]     Monash University, Submission No. 13, p. 113.

[17]     Prof. John Hearn, Transcript 20 April 2010, p. 32.

[18]     Prof. John Hearn, Transcript 20 April 2010, p. 33.

[19]     Prof. John Hearn, Transcript 20 April 2010, p. 33.

[20]     Prof. John Hearn, Transcript 20 April 2010, p. 36.

[21]     Universities Australia, Submission No. 59, pp. 670–1.

[22]     DIAC, Submission No. 42, p. 429.

[23]     DEEWR, Submission No. 38, p. 333.

[24]     Ms Angela Magarry, Transcript 27 April 2010, p. 2.

[25]     AusAID, Submission No. 47, p. 578.

[26]     AusAID, Submission No. 47, p. 578.

[27]     DEEWR, Submission No. 73, p. 782.

[28]     Monash University, Submission No. 13, p. 110.

[29]     Universities Australia, Submission No. 59, pp. 651–2.

[30]     Prof. Geoffrey Hawker, Submission No. 35, p. 258. The submission also referred to planned future student exchanges between the two universities.

[31]     Monash University, Submission No. 13, p. 111.

[32]     Monash University, Submission No. 13, p. 111.

[33]     Monash University, Submission No. 13, p. 111.

[34]     Ms Angela Magarry, Transcript 7 April 2010, p. 3.

[35]     Professor Simon Adams, Transcript 5 May 2010, p. 25.

[36]     Mr Marc Purcell, Transcript 27 April 2010, p. 36.

[37]     Prof. Helen Ware, Transcript 28 April 2010, pp. 22-3.

[38]     Prof. Helen Ware, Transcript 28 April 2010, p. 23.

[39]     Dr David Lucas, Transcript 27 April 2010, p. 23.

[40]     Dr David Lucas, Transcript 27 April 2010, p. 23.

[41]     Dr David Lucas, Transcript 27 April 2010, p. 18.

[42]     Hon. Kerry Sibraa, Transcript 28 April 2010, p. 3; Dr Brian Keating, Transcript 5 May 2010, p. 37.

[43]     Dr David Lucas, Transcript 27 April 2010, p. 18.

[44]     Prof. Helen Ware, Transcript 28 April 2010, p. 23.

[45]     HE Prof. Sunday Agbi, Transcript 20 April 2010, pp. 58–9.

[46]     Prof. Helen Ware, Submission No. 45, p. 449.

[47]     Prof. Simon Hearn, Transcript 20 April 2010, pp. 35-6.

[48]     Dr Asumadu, Transcript 6 May 2010, p. 5.

[49]     DEEWR, Submission No. 38, p. 334.

[50]     DIAC, Submission No. 42, p. 429.

[51]     Kenya High Commission, Submission No. 25, pp. 186–7.

[52]     Transcript 21 April 2010, p. 34.

[53]     Mr Kukoc, Transcript 21 April 2010, p. 34.

[54]     DIAC, Submission No. 42, p. 429.

[55]     DIAC, Submission No. 42, p. 429.

[56]     Prof. Simon Hearn, Transcript 20 April 2010, p. 35.

[57]     Prof. Simon Hearn, Transcript 20 April 2010, p. 35.

[58]     Prof. Simon Hearn, Transcript 20 April 2010, p. 33.

[59]     Hon. Kerry Sibraa, Transcript 28 April 2010, p. 9.

[60]     Ms Magarry, Transcript 27 April 2010, p. 5.

[61]     DEEWR, Submission No. 38, p. 333.

[62]     Assoc. Prof. Hawker, Submission No. 35, p. 259.

[63]     Dr David Dorward, Submission No. 6, p. 47.

[64]     Commonwealth Round Table in Australia, Submission No. 11, p. 98.

[65]     Mr Matthew Neuhaus, Submission No. 19, pp. 149–50.

[66]     Mr Matthew Neuhaus, Submission No. 19, p. 150.

[67]     Dr Elizabeth Dimock, Submission No. 28, p. 214.

[68]     Mr Matthew Neuhaus, Submission No. 19, p. 149.

[69]     Mr Matthew Neuhaus, Submission No. 19, p. 150.

[70]     Dr David Lucas, Transcript 27 April 2010, p. 23.

[71]     Dr David Lucas, Transcript 27 April 2010, pp. 16, 21.

[72]     Dr David Lucas, Transcript 27 April 2010, p. 20.

[73]     Transcript 27 April 2010, p. 20.

[74]     AFSAAP, Submission No. 60, pp. 673–4.

[75]     Prof. Cherry Gertzel, Submission No. 41, pp. 419–20; Dr Elizabeth Dimock and Dr Tanya Lyons, Exhibit No. 10, The State of African Studies in Australia, in Paul Zeleza (ed.), The Study of Africa Volume 2: Global and Transnational Engagements, CODESRIA, 2007), pp. 316-17.

[76]     Dr Elizabeth Dimock, Submission No. 28, p. 213.

[77]     The foundation meeting of the ASFAAP was in 1978. See <http://www.afsaap.org.au/Conferences/Conferences.htm>, Accessed June 2010.

[78]     Exhibit No. 10, pp. 316-17.

[79]     Prof. Cherry Gertzel, Submission No. 41, pp. 419–20; Exhibit No. 10, pp. 316-17.

[80]     Dr David Lucas, Submission No. 22, p. 164, quoting Exhibit No. 10.

[81]     Dr David Lucas, Transcript 27 April 2010, p. 22.

[82]     Dr David Lucas, Submission No. 22, p. 164.

[83]     Dr David Lucas, Transcript 27 April 2010, p. 21.

[84]     Dr Elizabeth Dimock, Submission No. 28, p. 213.

[85]     Dr David Dorward, Submission No. 6, p. 53.

[86]     Dr David Dorward, Submission No. 6, p. 52.

[87]     Exhibit No. 10, p. 319.

[88]     Dr Tanya Lyons, Submission No. 29, pp. 216.

[89]     Dr Tanya Lyons, Submission No. 29, p. 217.

[90]     Dr Tanya Lyons, Transcript 28 April 2010, pp. 48-9.

[91]     Dr Tanya Lyons, Submission No. 29, p. 217.

[92]     Dr Tanya Lyons, Transcript 28 April 2010, p. 44, and Submission No. 29, p. 216.

[93]     Dr Tanya Lyons, Submission No. 29, p. 217.

[94]     Transcript 27 April 2010, p. 24; Dr David Lucas, Submission No. 22, p. 163.

[95]     Transcript 27 April 2010, p. 24.

[96]     Transcript 28 April, 2010, p. 43.

[97]     Dr David Lucas, Transcript 27 April 2010, p. 19.

[98]     Dr Tanya Lyons, Transcript 28 April 2010, p. 43.

[99]     Mr Wakholi, Submission No. 32, p. 239.

[100]   <http://www.arc.gov.au/ncgp/ce/ce_default.htm>, Accessed June 2010.

[101]   <http://www.arc.gov.au/ncgp/ce/2005_coe_funding.htm>, Accessed June 2010.

[102]   <http://www.arc.gov.au/ncgp/sri/sri_default.htm>, Accessed June 2010.

[103]   <http://www.arc.gov.au/ncgp/ce/ce_outcomes.htm>, Accessed June 2010.

[104]   <http://www.arc.gov.au/ncgp/ce/ceps_selectionreport.htm>, Accessed June 2010.

[105]   Prof. Craig McGarty, Transcript 10 March 2011, p. 3.

[106]   <https://www.crc.gov.au/Information/ShowInformation.aspx?Doc=about_programme&
key=bulletin-board-programme&Heading=The%20Program>, Accessed 2/06/2010.

[107]   <https://www.crc.gov.au/Information/ShowInformation.aspx?Doc=about_programme&
key=bulletin-board-programme&Heading=The%20Program>, Accessed June 2010.

[108] <https://www.crc.gov.au/HTMLDocuments/Documents/PDF/
CRC%20Program%20Guidelines_Feb%202010.pdf>, Accessed May 2011.

[109]   <https://www.crc.gov.au/Information/ShowInformation.aspx?Doc=12th_Selection_
rounds&key=bulletin-board-selection-rounds_12&Heading=Selection%20Round#12th
SuccessfulCRCs>, Accessed June 2010.

[110]   Dr Elizabeth Dimock, Submission No. 28, p. 213; Dr Lucas, Transcript 27 April 2010, p. 15.

[111]   Exhibit No.10, p. 329.

[112]   Dr David Lucas, Transcript 27 April 2010, p. 19. See LSE African Initiative, <http://www2.lse.ac.uk/supportingLSE/currentProjects/LSEAfricanInitiative.aspx>, Accessed July 2010.

[113]   <http://www.lowyinstitute.org/AboutUs.asp>, Accessed February 2010.

[114]   <http://www.lowyinstitute.org/Staff.asp>, Accessed February 2010.

[115]   <http://www2.lse.ac.uk/supportingLSE/currentProjects/LSEAfricanInitiative.aspx>, Accessed July 2010.

[116]   See Monash University, Submission No. 70, p. 2; Mr Wakholi, Submission No. 32, p. 2.

[117]   Dr David Lucas, Transcript 27 April 2010, p. 19.

[118]   Prof. Craig McGarty, Transcript 10 March 2011, pp. 3, 4.

[119]   Prof. Michael Broderick, Transcript 10 March 2011, p. 4.

[120]   Dr Elizabeth Dimock, Transcript 5 May 2010, p. 15.

[121]   Universities Australia, Submission No. 24, p. 180.

[122]   AFSAAP, Submission No. 60, p. 675.

[123]   Prof. Helen Vella Bonavita, Transcript 10 March 2011, p. 24.

[124]   Dr David Lucas, Transcript 27 April 2010, p. 21.

[125]   Dr David Dorward, Submission No. 6, p. 53.

Chapter 5 Research Links

[1]       This is discussed in greater detail in Chapter 3 of this report.

[2]       AusAID, Submission No. 47, p. 570.

[3]       CSIRO, Submission No. 14, p. 118.

[4]       Dr Simon Hearn, Transcript 20 April 2010, p. 60.

[5]       ACIAR, Submission No. 27, p. 207.

[6]       ACIAR, Submission No. 27, p. 207.

[7]       Dr Simon Hearn, Transcript 20 April 2010, p. 60.

[8]       ACIAR, Submission No. 27, p. 209.

[9]       ACIAR, Submission No. 27, p. 207.

[10]     Dr Simon Hearn, Transcript 20 April 2010, p. 60.

[11]     ACIAR, Submission No. 27, p. 208.

[12]     ACIAR, Submission No. 27, p. 208.

[13]     ACIAR, Submission No. 27, p. 208.

[14]     ACIAR, Submission No. 27, p. 209.

[15]     ACIAR, Submission No. 27, p. 209.

[16]     DIISR and its other research activities in Africa are dealt with in a later section of this Chapter.

[17]     CSIRO, Submission No. 14, p. 118.

[18]     CSIRO, Submission No. 14, p. 118.

[19]     CSIRO, Submission No. 14, p. 121.

[20]     CSIRO, Submission No. 14, pp. 119-23.

[21]     CSIRO, Submission No. 14, pp. 123-4.

[22]     DIISR, Submission No. 8, p. 74.

[23]     DIISR, Submission No. 8, p. 74.

[24]     DIISR, Submission No. 8, p. 75.

[25]     DIISR, Submission No. 8, p. 75.

[26]     DIISR, Submission No. 8, p. 76.

[27]     DIISR, Submission No. 8, p. 76.

[28]     DIISR, Submission No. 66, p. 747.

[29]     DIISR, Submission No. 8, p. 76.

[30]     DIISR, Submission No. 8, p. 77.

[31]     DIISR, Submission No. 8, p. 77.

[32]     DIISR, Submission No. 8, p. 77.

[33]     DIISR, Submission No. 8, p. 77.

[34]     DIISR, Submission No. 8, p. 78.

[35]     DIISR, Submission No. 66, p. 753.

[36]     Australia and New Zealand Square Kilometre Array website, <http://www.ska.gov.au/about/Pages/default.aspx> Accessed March 2011.

[37]     Square Kilometre Array website, <http://www.skatelescope.org/pages/page_genpub.htm> Accessed March 2011.

[38]     DIISR, Submission No. 8, p. 80.

[39]     DIISR, Submission No. 8, pp. 80–1.

[40]     Prof. John Howieson, Transcript 10 March 2011, pp. 49, 51.

[41]     Prof. John Howieson, Transcript 10 March 2011, p. 53.

[42]     Prof. John Howieson, Transcript 10 March 2011, p. 49.

[43]     Prof. John Howieson, Transcript 10 March 2011, p. 57.

[44]     CARTA website, <http://www.cartafrica.org/about-us> Accessed March 2011.

[45]     Exhibit No. 38, pp. 2—8.

[46]     The other developed world partners are the Canadian Coalition for Global Health Research, Swiss Tropical Institute, University of Colorado, University of Warwick, World Health Organisation Special Program for Training and Research in Tropical Diseases, and the Sahlgrenska Academy Gothenburg University. CARTA website, <http://www.cartafrica.org/about-us/member-institutions> Accessed March 2011.

[47]     Exhibit No. 38, p. 26.

Chapter 6 Trade and Investment

[1]       JSCFADT, Expanding Australia's trade and investment relations with North Africa, Canberra 2006.

[2]       DFAT, Submission No. 47, p. 482.

[3]       DFAT, Submission No. 46, p. 482.

[4]       DFAT, Submission No. 116, p. 1359.

[5]       DFAT, Submission No. 116, pp. 1359–60.

[6]       DFAT, Submission No. 116, p. 1360.

[7]       DFAT, Submission No. 47, p. 472.

[8]       DFAT, Submission No. 46, p. 486.

[9]       DAFF, Submission No. 116, p. 1372.

[10]     DFAT, Submission No. 46, p. 473.

[11]     DFAT, Submission No. 46, p. 502.

[12]     Mr Joel Negin, Transcript 28 April 2010, p. 52.

[13]     Mr Peter Odhiambo, Submission No. 98, p. 1231.

[14]     Coffey International, Submission No. 12, p. 100.

[15]     Mr Joel Negin, Transcript 28 April 2010, p. 61.

[16]     DFAT, Submission No. 46, p. 501.

[17]     <http://www.austrade.gov.au/About-Austrade/default.aspx> Accessed May 2011.

[18]     DFAT, Submission No. 46, p. 498.

[19]     Mr Gregory Hull, Transcript 20 April 2010, p. 3.

[20]     Assoc. Prof. Helen Vella Bonavita, Transcript 10 March 2011, p. 23.

[21]     Mr Roderick Reeve, Transcript 28 April 2010, p. 32.

[22]     Estimated to be 1,013 billion in 2010, <http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats1.htm>  Accessed May 2011.  

[23]     Routlege Taylor and Francis Group, Press Release, 11 March 2011, <http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/pdf/rpst-pr1.pdf> Accessed May 2011.

[24]     AABC ACT Chapter, Submission No. 43, p. 440.

[25]     AABC VC, Transcript 6 May April 2010, p. 2.

[26]     AABC VC, Transcript 6 May April 2010, p. 10.

[27]     Mr Ade Kukoyi, Transcript 8 December April 2010, p. 69.

[28]     Nigerian High Commission, Submission No. 18, p. 143-4.

[29]     Mr Ade Kukoyi, Transcript 8 December April 2010, p. 69.

[30]     Dr Kwame Asumadu, Transcript 6 May April 2010, p. 31.

[31]      South African High Commission, Submission No. 23, p. 176.

[32]     High Commissioner Shope, Transcript 20 April 2010, p. 45.

[33]     South African High Commission, Submission No. 23, p. 176.

[34]     JSE PowerPoint presentation.

[35]      Government of Western Australia, Submission No. 49, p. 602.

[36]     Africa's business climate set for change, Ethiopian Herald Sunday Edition, 17 April 2011, p. 5.

[37]      Nigerian High Commission, Submission No. 18, p. 144.

[38]     Kenyan High Commission, Submission No. 25, p. 185.

[39]     DAFF, Submission No. 84, p. 943.

[40]     DAFF, Submission No. 26, p. 193.

[41]     DAFF, Submission No. 26, pp. 193-4.

[42]     DAFF, Submission No. 26, pp. 198-9.

[43]     Africa's business climate set for change, Ethiopian Herald Sunday Edition, 17 April 2011, p. 5.

[44]     Mr Gordon Noble, Transcript 28 April 2010, p. 68.

[45]      Mr Gordon Noble, Transcript 28 April 2010, pp. 68-9.

[46]     Mr Gordon Noble, Transcript 28 April 2010, p. 69.

[47]     Mr Gordon Noble, Transcript 28 April 2010, p. 72.

[48]     Dr Kwame Asumadu, Transcript 6 May April 2010, p. 26.

[49]     Coffey International, Submission No. , p. 101.

[50]     DFAT, Submission No. 94, p. 1179.

[51]     Nigerian High Commission, Submission No. 18, p. 145.

[52]     Nigerian High Commissioner, Transcript 20 April 2010, p. 54.

[53]     Professor Geoffrey Willmoth, Transcript 6 May 2010, p. 12.

[54]     Prof. John Howieson, Transcript 10 March 2011, pp. 57–8.

[55]     Mr Todd Frew, Transcript 21 April 2010, pp. 26–7.

[56]     Ms Jane McKeon, Transcript 6 May 2010, pp. 61, 63.

[57]     Ms Jane McKeon, Transcript 6 May 2010, p. 61.

[58]     DRET, Submission No. 84, p. 966.

[59]     Mr Andrew Wilson, Transcript 20 April 2010, p. 82.

[60]     Ms Jane McKeon, Transcript 6 May 2010, p. 62.

[61]     DRET, Submission No. 36, p. 269.

[62]     DRET, Submission No. 84, p. 966.

[63]     Mr Peter Odhiambo, Submission No. 98, p. 1231.

[64]     Zimbabwe’s indigenisation and empowerment law came into effect in March 2010 and requires foreign owned companies to sell a majority stake to black Zimbabweans.

[65]     Kenyan High Commission, Submission No. 25, p. 186.

[66]     DFAT Smartraveler, <http://www.smartraveller.gov.au/zw-cgi/view/Advice/Kenya> Accessed March 2011.

[67]     Mr Justin Hayhurst, Transcript 20 April 2010, p. 24.

[68]     AWSA, Submission No. 104, p. 1273.

[69]     Embassy of the Kingdom of Morocco, Submission No. 108, p. 1311.

[70]     Embassy of the Kingdom of Morocco, Submission No. 108, pp. 1312, 1314.

[71]     DFAT, Submission No. 113, p. 1345.

[72]     DFAT, Submission No. 113, p. 1346.

[73]     Mr Justin Hayhurst, Transcript 20 April 2010, pp. 12-13.

[74]     Australia Nigeria Business Council, Prof. Anne Fitzgerald, Submission No. 58, pp. 677-8.

[75]     Nigeria High Commission, Submission No. 18, p. 144.

[76]     Kenya High Commission, Submission No. 25, p. 186.

[77]     Mr Joel Negin and Mr Glenn Denning, Shared Challenges and Solutions: Australia’s Unique Contribution to the Future of African Development, Lowy Institute, 2008

[78]     Mr John Grill, Transcript 28 April 2010, p. 90.

[79]     Mr Peter Odhiambo, Submission No. 98, p. 1230.

[80]     Ms Tanya Constable, Transcript 21 April 2010, p. .

[81]     Mr Bruce Harvey, Transcript 6 May April 2010, p. 22.

[82]     Mr Charles Milward, Transcript 27 April 2010, p. 60.

[83]     Mr John Grill, Transcript 28 April 2010, p. 92.

[84]     Mr Charles Milward, Transcript 27 April 2010, p. 55.

[85]     Lowy Institute Paper 24, Into Africa: How the Resource Boom Is Making Sub-Saharan Africa More Important to Australia, p. 57.

[86]     DFAT, Submission No. 46, pp. 488-9.

[87]     DFAT, Submission No. 113, p. 1342.

[88]     AAMIG, Submission No. 50, p. 612.

[89]     DFAT, Submission No. 46, p. 467.

[90]     Mr Roderick Reeve, Transcript 28 April 2010, p. 29.

[91]     Mr Gregory Walker, Transcript 6 May April 2010, p. 42.

[92]     AABC ACT Chapter, Submission No. 43, p. 440.

[93]     Mr Roderick Reeve, Transcript 28 April 2010, p. 29.

[94]     AABC ACT Chapter, Transcript 27 April 2010, p. 59. 

[95]     Mr Angus Amour, Transcript 7 December April 2010, pp. 38-9.

[96]     Oxfam, Submission No. 39, p. 361.

[97]     Oxfam, Submission No. 39, p. 362.

[98]     Oxfam, Submission No. 39, pp. 363-4.

[99]     Oxfam, Submission No. 39, p. 366.

[100]   Oxfam, Submission No. 39, p. 367.

[101]   Oxfam, Submission No. 39, p. 368.

[102]   Ms Serena Lillywhite, Transcript, 5 May 2010, p. 76.

[103]    Ms Serena Lillywhite, Transcript, 5 May 2010, p. 75.

[104]   Mr Gordon Noble, Transcript 28 April 2010, p. 72.

[105]   Mr Gordon Noble, Transcript 28 April 2010, pp. 66-67.

[106]   AUA, Submission No. 62, p. 719.

[107]   Mr Michael Angwin, Transcript 8 December 2010, p. 43.

[108]   Mr Michael Angwin, Transcript 8 December 2010, p. 46.

[109]   Mr Michael Angwin, Transcript 8 December 2010, pp. 46, 48.

[110]   AAMIG, Submission No. 50, p. 610.

[111]   AAMIG, Submission No. 50, p. 610.

[112]   Mr Ian Wood, Transcript 7 December 2010, p. 28.

[113]   Mr Ian Wood, Transcript 7 December 2010, p. 31.

[114]   Mr Ian Wood, Transcript 7 December 2010, p. 36-7.

[115]   Mr Ian Wood, Transcript 7 December 2010, p. 29.

[116]   Mr Ian Wood, Transcript 7 December 2010, p. 34.

[117]   Mr Ian Wood, Transcript 7 December 2010, p. 32.

[118]   Mr Ian Wood, Transcript 7 December 2010, p. 34.

[119]   Mr Andrew MacLeod, Transcript 6 May 2010, p. 46.

[120]   Mr Andrew MacLeod, Transcript 6 May 2010, p. 46.

[121]   Mr Ian Wood, Transcript 7 December 2010, p. 29.

[122] Mr Andrew MacLeod, Transcript 6 May 2010, p. 46.

[123]   Mr Ian Wood, Transcript 7 December 2010, p. 29.

[124]   Mr Gregory Walker, Transcript 6 May 2010, p. 35.

[125]   Mr Gregory Walker, Transcript 6 May 2010, p. 37.

[126]   Mr Gregory Walker, Transcript 6 May 2010, p. 37.

[127]   Mr Gregory Walker, Transcript 6 May 2010, p. 37.

[128]   Mr Gregory Walker, Transcript 6 May 2010, pp. 36-7.

[129]   Mr Gregory Walker, Transcript 6 May 2010, p. 37.

[130]   Mr Bruce Harvey, Transcript 6 May 2010, pp. 15, 18.

[131]   Mr Bruce Harvey, Transcript 6 May 2010, p. 16.

[132]   Mr Bruce Harvey, Transcript 6 May 2010, p. 18.

[133]   Mr Bruce Harvey, Transcript 6 May 2010, p. 19.

[134]   Mr Bruce Harvey, Transcript 6 May 2010, p. 24.

[135]   <http://www.pafound.co.za/who-are-we.html> 

[136]   Mr Bruce Harvey, Transcript 6 May 2010, p. 23.

[137]   Exhibit No. 52, Adamus Resources, Nzema Gold Project, Ghana. Increasing value through gold production and exploration.

[138]   Exhibit No. 52, pp. 22-3.

[139]   Exhibit No. 52, pp. 24-5.

[140]   Exhibit No. 52, pp. 26-8.

[141]   Exhibit No. 52, p. 27.

[142]   Exhibit No. 52, p. 29.

[143]   <http://www.dmr.gov.za/Policie_And_Promotion/Documents/Documents/Amended_of
_BBSEE_Charter.pdf> Accessed May 2011.

[144]   SADC Parliamentary Forum; SARW, Parliamentary statement, ‘Towards enhancing Parliamentary legislative and oversight role in extractive industries sector.’ 30 October 2010.

[145]   Mr Ian Wood, Transcript 7 December 2010, p. 36.

[146]   <http://eiti.org/eiti> Accessed May 2011.

[147]   DFAT, Submission No. 46, p. 500.

[148]   Central African Republic, Ghana, Liberia, Niger, Nigeria.

[149]   Cameroon, Chad, Cote d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Guinea, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Republic of the Congo, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Togo, Zambia.

[150]   Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Sao Tome and Principe.

[151]   <http://eiti.org/implementingcountries> Accessed June 2011.

[152]   DFAT, Submission No. 94, p. 1180.

[153]   Mr Roger Donnelly, Transcript 7 December 2010, p. 46.

[154]   Mr Ian Wood, Transcript 7 December 2010, pp. 30, 33.

[155]   <http://eiti.org/implementingcountries> Accessed June 2011.

[156]   See Oxfam, Submission No. 39, p. 364; and Transcript 7 December 2010, p. 47.

[157]   Jubilee Australia, Risky Business—Shining a Spotlight on Australia's Export Credit Agency, p. 14.

[158]   Ms Adele Webb, Transcript 7 December 2010, p. 3.

[159]   Jubilee Australia, Risky Business, p. 6.

[160]   EFIC, Submission No. 99, pp. 1237–40.

[161]   Mr Angus Armour, Transcript 7 December 2010, p. 44.

[162]   Mr Jan Parsons, Transcript 7 December 2010, p. 45.

[163]   Mr Angus Armour, Transcript 7 December 2010, pp. 44–5.

[164]   EFIC, Submission No. 99, p. 1238.

[165]   ACF, Submission No. 40, p. 403.

[166]   Mr Dave Sweeney, Transcript 5 May 2010, p. 84.

[167]   Mr Dave Sweeney, Transcript 5 May 2010, p. 88.

[168]   Mr Dave Sweeney, Transcript 5 May 2010, p. 85.

[169]   AUA, Submission No. 62, p. 718.

[170]   AUA, Submission No. 62, p. 718.

[171]   Mr Michael Angwin, Transcript 8 December 2010, p. 43.

[172]   Mr Michael Angwin, Transcript 8 December 2010, p. 47.

[173]   Transcript 28 April 2010, p. 49.

[174]   Hon. Kerry Sibraa, Transcript 28 April 2010, p. 2.

[175]   Current councils are the: Australia-China Council; Australia-India Council; Australia-Indonesia Institute;            Australia-Japan Foundation; Australia-Korea Foundation; Australia-Malaysia Institute; Australia-Thailand Institute; Council for Australian-Arab Relations; and the Council on Australia Latin America Relations. <http://www.dfat.gov.au/>. Accessed June 2010.

[176]   <http://www.dfat.gov.au/coalar/members.html> Accessed June 2010.

[177]   <http://www.dfat.gov.au/aic/aic_annual_report/AIC_program_report_2008_09.pdf> <http://www.dfat.gov.au/acc/acc_introduction.html>; <http://www.dfat.gov.au/coalar/publications/annual_report_2009.pdf> Accessed June 2010.

[178]   <http://www.dfat.gov.au/aic/aic_intro.html>;
<http://www.dfat.gov.au/coalar/> Accessed June 2010.

Chapter 7 Defence and Security

[1]       Ms Mandy Newton, Transcript 21 April 2010, p. 60.

[2]       Defence, Submission No. 30, p. 221.

[3]       Defence, Submission No. 71, p. 786.

[4]       Asia Pacific Civil-Military Centre of Excellence, Submission No. 117, p. 1367.

[5]       AFP, Submission No. 69, p. 777.

[6]       June 2011 correspondence from AFP indicates these figures had not changed.

[7]       Ms Mandy Newton, Transcript 21 April 2010, p. 60.

[8]       The Prime Minister, Hon. Kevin Rudd MP, First National Security Statement, December 2008;
Defence, Defending Australia in the Asia Pacific Century: Force 2030.

[9]       First National Security Statement, 2008, p. 12550.

[10]     First National Security Statement, 2008, p. 12550.

[11]     First National Security Statement, 2008, p. 12550.

[12]     First National Security Statement, 2008, p. 12551.

[13]     First National Security Statement, 2008, pp. 12553-4.

[14]     First National Security Statement, 2008, pp. 12551, 12550, 12554.

[15]     Defence, Submission No. 30, p. 221.

[16]     Defence, Defending Australia in the Asia Pacific Century: Force 2030, p. 56.

[17]     Defence, Defending Australia in the Asia Pacific Century: Force 2030, pp. 30-1.

[18]     Defence, Defending Australia in the Asia Pacific Century: Force 2030, pp. 37-8.

[19]     Defence, Defending Australia in the Asia Pacific Century: Force 2030, p. 36.

[20]     Defence, Defending Australia in the Asia Pacific Century: Force 2030, p. 37.

[21]     Exhibit No. 13, Major Matthew Cuttell, ‘AFRICOM and Australian Military Engagement in Africa’, p. 1.

[22]     Exhibit No. 13, pp. 9-14.

[23]     Exhibit No. 13, pp. 20-1.

[24]     Exhibit No. 13, pp. 21-2.

[25]     Exhibit No. 13, p. 26.

[26]     Exhibit No. 13, p. 18.

[27]     Exhibit No. 13, p. 27.

[28]     Exhibit No.13, p. 28.

[29]     Exhibit No.13, p. 49.

[30]     First National Security Statement, 2008, pp. 12549-54.

[31]     Oxfam, Submission No. 39, p. 374.

[32]     Oxfam, Submission No. 39, p. 373.

[33]     Oxfam, Submission No. 39, p. 374.

[34]     Prof. Gareth Evans, Transcript 8 December 2010, p. 60.

[35]     Oxfam, Submission No. 39, p. 372.

[36]     Oxfam, Submission No. 39, pp. 371, 380.

[37]     Defence Attaché—African Union, Duty Statement.

[38]     Defence, Submission No. 30, p. 222.

[39]     Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade Committee, Australia’s involvement in peacekeeping operations, Canberra, 2008, pp. 8–10 (Using figures compiled by Dr Peter Londey, Official History of Australian Peacekeeping, Humanitarian and Post-Cold War Operations.

[40]     Defence, Annual Report 2008-09, Volume 1, p. 128.

[41]     Mr Ben Burdon, Transcript 21 April 2010, p. 52.

[42]     DFAT, Submission No. 46, pp. 503–4.

[43]     DFAT, Submission No. 46, p. 522.

[44]     Defence, Submission No. 30, p. 223.

[45]     Mr Ben Burdon, Transcript 21 April 2010, p. 54, and see Defence, Submission No. 71, pp. 4-5.

[46]     The Australian Chapter of the International Commission of Jurists; the Institute of Ethics, Governance, Law and Justice; the Asia Pacific Civil-Military Centre of Excellence; the Australian Council for International Development; the Asia Pacific Centre for Military Law; DFAT; Defence; AusAID; the AFP; and the Australian Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York.

[47]     Defence, Submission No. 71, p. 784; Defence Annual Report 2008-09, pp. 162-3.

[48]     Mr Ben Burdon, Transcript 21 April 2010, p. 51.

[49]     Mr Ben Burdon, Transcript 21 April 2010, pp. 52–3.

[50]     Mr Ben Burdon, Transcript 21 April 2010, p. 54.

[51]     Mr Ben Burdon, Transcript 21 April 2010, p. 51.

[52]     Ms Mandy Newton, Transcript 21 April 2010, p. 63.

[53]     Ms Mandy Newton, Transcript 21 April 2010, p. 63.

[54]      AusAID, Submission No. 47, p. 583.

[55]     1935-41: the Italian invasion; 1977-8: war with Somalia; 1980: war with Sudan; 1974-91: internal conflict; 1998-2000: Ethiopia-Eritrea war.

[56]     EMAO, PowerPoint presentation to the Committee Delegation.

[57]     EMAO, PowerPoint presentation to the Committee Delegation.

[58]     Australian Ethiopian Embassy, Visit program notes.

[59]     EMAO, PowerPoint presentation to the Committee Delegation.

[60]     Ms Mandy Newton, Transcript 21 April 2010, p. 61.

[61]     Ms Mandy Newton, Transcript 21 April 2010, p. 61-2.

[62]     Ms Mandy Newton, Transcript 21 April 2010, p. 61.

[63]     Ms Mandy Newton, Transcript 21 April 2010, p. 65.

[64]     Ms Mandy Newton, Transcript 21 April 2010, p. 61.

[65]     Ms Mandy Newton, Transcript 21 April 2010, p. 61.

[66]     DFAT, Submission No. 46, pp. 504–5.

[67]     DFAT, Submission No. 46, pp. 504–5.

[68]     DFAT, Submission No. 46, pp. 504–5.

[69]     DFAT, Submission No. 46, pp. 504–5.

[70]     Office of the Inspector of Transport Security, International Piracy and Armed Robbery at Sea, April 2009, pp. 9–10.

[71]     Office of the Inspector of Transport Security, International Piracy and Armed Robbery at Sea, April 2009, p. 12.

[72]     Office of the Inspector of Transport Security, International Piracy and Armed Robbery at Sea, April 2009, p. 13.

[73]     Office of the Inspector of Transport Security, International Piracy and Armed Robbery at Sea, April 2009, p. 15.

[74]     Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Jordan, Kenya, Madagascar, Maldives, Mauritius, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Seychelles, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, and Yemen.
<http://www.imo.org/OurWork/Security/PIU/Pages/DCoC.aspx> Accessed June 2011.

[75]     Office of the Inspector of Transport Security, International Piracy and Armed Robbery at Sea, April 2009, p. 15.

[76]     Defence, Submission No. 30, p. 222.

[77]     Ms Mandy Newton, Transcript 21 April 2010, p. 64.

[78]     DFAT, Submission No. 46, p. 505.

[79]     DFAT, Submission No. 46, p. 505.

[80]     DFAT, Submission No. 46, p. 505.

[81]     DFAT, Submission No. 46, p. 505.

[82]     DFAT, Submission No. 46, p. 506.

[83]     Mr Ben Burdon, Transcript 21 April 2010, p. 51.

[84]     Ms Mandy Newton, Transcript 21 April 2010, p. 63.

[85]     AusAID, Submission No. 47, p. 583.

[86]     Hon. Kerry Sibraa, Transcript 28 April 2010, p. 5.

[87]     <http://www.dfat.gov.au/un/unsc_sanctions/zimbabwe.html> Accessed May 2011.

[88]     See: <http://thejournal.eu/2011/02/eu-renews-sanctions-against-zimbabwe/> and <http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5479.htm> Accessed May 2011.

[89]     Hon. Kerry Sibraa, Transcript 28 April 2010, p. 5.

[90]     Global Political Agreement 15 September 2008, Article XVIII Security of Persons and Prevention of Violence, Clause 18.5.

[91]     Mr Tapera Kapuya, Transcript 7 December 2010, p. 63.

[92]     Hon. Kerry Sibraa, Transcript 28 April 2010, p. 5.

[93]     Mr Tapera Kapuya, Transcript 7 December 2010, p. 63.

[94]     Mr Tapera Kapuya, Transcript 7 December 2010, p. 60.

[95]     Mr Tapera Kapuya, Transcript 7 December 2010, p. 63.

[96]     International Crisis Group, Zimbabwe: The Road to Reform or Another Dead End? Africa Report No. 173, 27 April 2011.

[97]     Assoc. Prof. Lloyd Sachikonye, When a State Turns on Its Citizens—60 Years of Institutionalised Violence in Zimbabwe, p. 105.

[98]     SADC Communiqué: Summit of the Organ Troika on Politics, Defence and Security Cooperation 31 March, 2011, Clause 17.

[99]     <http://www.voanews.com/english/news/africa/Southern-Africa-Mediators-Report-Progress-in-Zimbabwe-Political-Talks-121510114.html> Accessed May 2011. 

[100]   Mr Tapera Kapuya, Transcript 7 December 2010, p. 57.

[101]   Assoc. Prof. Lloyd Sachikonye, When a State Turns on Its Citizens—60 Years of Institutionalised Violence in Zimbabwe, pp. xvii, xviii.

Chapter 8 Africans in Australia

[1]       DIAC, Submission No. 42, p. 427.

[2]       DIAC, Submission No. 42, pp. 427, 433.

[3]       DIAC, Submission No. 42, p. 427. The Refugee category refers to refugees resettled in Australia after being referred by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, while under the Special Humanitarian Program, applicants are proposed for entry by relatives or community organisations in Australia.

[4]       DIAC, Submission No. 42, p. 427.

[5]       DIAC, Submission No. 42, p. 437.

[6]       <http://www.citizenship.gov.au/learn/facts-and-stats/#> Accessed April 2011.

[7]       DIAC, Submission No. 42, p. 428.

[8]       DEEWR, Submission No. 38, p. 336.

[9]       DIAC, Submission No. 42, p. 428.

[10]     Professor Helen Ware, Submission No. 45, p. 451.

[11]     DEEWR, Submission No. 38, p. 337.

[12]     Professor Helen Ware, Submission No. 45, p. 452.

[13]     Professor Helen Ware, Submission No. 45, p. 452.

[14]     Refugee Council of Australia, Submission No. 57, p. 665.

[15]     Refugee Council of Australia, Submission No. 57, p. 665.

[16]     Mr Haileluel Gebre-Selassie, Submission No. 21, p. 160.

[17]     DIAC, Submission No. 42, p. 428.

[18]     Under the offshore component, refugees are mostly referred to DIAC by the UNHCR. Applicants for a Special Humanitarian Visa are proposed by a relative in Australia, or by an Australian NGO or community organisation. Onshore applicants apply for asylum while already present in Australia.

[19]     DIAC, Submission No. 42, p. 433.

[20]     DIAC, Submission No. 42, p. 433.

[21]     DIAC, Submission No. 42, pp. 427, 433

[22]     DIAC, Submission No. 42, p. 434.

[23]     DIAC, Submission No. 42, p. 434.

[24]     Prof. Helen Ware, Submission No. 45, p. 452.

[25]     DIAC, Submission No. 83, p. 934.

[26]     DEEWR, Submission No. 38, p. 340.

[27]     DIAC, Submission No. 42, p. 435.

[28]     Refugee Council of Australia, Submission No. 57, p. 666.

[29]     Refugee Council of Australia, Submission No. 57, p. 666.

[30]     Mr Haileluel Gebre-Selassie, Submission No. 21, p. 160.

[31]     EDF, Submission No. 16, p. 134.

[32]     Mr Amare Mekonnen, Submission No. 17, p. 139.

[33]     Refugee Council of Australia, Submission No. 57, p. 666.

[34]     Dr Apollo Nsubuga-Kyobe, Submission No. 34, p. 245.

[35]     Mr Peter Odhiambo, Submission No. 98, p. 1232.

[36]     WA Government, Submission No. 93, p. 1162.

[37]     Mr James Fox, Transcript 21 April 2010, p. 41.

[38]     Mr James Fox, Transcript 21 April 2010, p. 41.

[39]     Mr James Fox, Transcript 21 April 2010, pp. 24–5.

[40]     Mr James Fox, Transcript 21 April 2010, p. 25.

[41]     DIAC, Submission No. 42, pp. 435–6.

[42]     Professor Helen Ware, Submission No. 48, p. 451.

[43]     Professor Helen Ware, Submission No. 48, p. 451–2.

[44]     HE Mr Lenin Shope, Transcript 20 April 2010, p. 41.

[45]     Dr David Dorwood, Submission No. 6, pp. 51–2.

[46]     Dr David Dorwood, Submission No. 6, pp. 51–2.

[47]     Mr Haileluel Gebre-Selassie, Submission No. 21, p. 161.

[48]     Mr Haileluel Gebre-Selassie, Submission No. 21, p. 161.

[49]     Exhibit No. 53, Africa Australia Association-Africalink, draft establishment documents.

[50]     Prof. Martin Mhando, Transcript 10 March 2010, p. 35.

[51]     Prof. Martin Mhando, Transcript 10 March 2010, pp. 35–6.

[52]     Prof. Martin Mhando, Transcript 10 March 2010, p. 36.