Footnotes

Chapter 1 - Introduction

[1]        Law Enforcement Integrity Commissioner Bill 2006, 'Explanatory Memorandum', p. 1.

[2]        ACLEI, Annual Report of the Integrity Commissioner 2006-07, p. 1.

[3]        The Hon. Philip Ruddock MP, Attorney-General, House of Representatives Hansard, 29 March 2006, p. 9.

[4]        ACLEI, Annual Report of the Integrity Commissioner 2007-2008, p. 20.

[5]        Parliamentary Joint Committee on the Australian Commission for Law enforcement Integrity, Examination of the Annual Report of the Integrity Commissioner 2006-07, p. 23.

[6]        ACLEI, Annual Report of the Integrity Commissioner 2007-08, p. 65.

[7]        AFP, Annual Report 2007-08, p. 9.

[8]        AFP, Annual Report 2007-08, p. 16.

[9]        AFP, Professional Standards, 4 June 2008, http://www.afp.gov.au/about/complaints/standards.html (accessed 27 January 2009).

[10]      Excluding contractors and resources provided by other jurisdictions but including staff seconded to the ACC from other agencies. ACC, Annual Report 2007-08, p. 94.

[11]      Public Service Act 1999, s. 13.

[12]      ACC, Submission 5, pp. 2-3.

[13]      ACC, Submission 5, p. 2. Sections 29 and 30 of the LEIC Act outline how the Integrity Commissioner may deal with corruption issues that relate to the conduct of seconded employees. However, this does not cover 'informal' secondees. This is discussed in chapter 5.

Chapter 2 - The law enforcement oversight environment

[1]        Professor Tim Prenzler, Griffith University, Submission 2, Attachment 1, p. 86.

[2]        Ross, G., 'Police Oversight: Help or Hindrance?', in  M. Mitchell and J. Casey (eds.), Police Leadership and Management, the Federation Press, Sydney, 2007, p. 150.

[3]        Ross, G., 'Police Oversight: Help or Hindrance?', in  M. Mitchell and J. Casey (eds.), Police Leadership and Management, the Federation Press, Sydney, 2007, p. 150.

[4]        Mr Don McKenzie, Submission 22, p. 2.

[5]        See for example, www.comb.gov.au/commonwealth/publish.nsf/Content/aboutus_role. Of course, in different ways, the various state and Commonwealth Ombudsmen do more than process complaints, for example, conducting own-motion investigations into administrative matters, undertaking research and conducting compliance audits.

[6]        For a useful summary of the differences between a complaint-handling body and an anti-corruption body see ACLEI, Annual Report of the Integrity Commissioner 2006-07, p. 18.

[7]        Professor Colleen Lewis, Monash University, Submission 12, p. 1.

[8]        In Tasmania the Government is considering establishing a broad public sector ethics commission.

[9]        SA Police Complaints Authority, www.pca.sa.gov.au (accessed 20 January 2009).

[10]      South Australia Police, Submission 7, p.1.

[11]      AFP, www.afp.gov.au/act.html (accessed 20 January 2009).

[12]      Ross, G., 'Police Oversight: Help or Hindrance?', in  M. Mitchell and J. Casey (eds.), Police Leadership and Management, the Federation Press, Sydney, 2007, pp 154-158.

[13]      Associate Professor Glenn Ross and Ms Bernadine Tucker, Submission 15, pp 2-3.

[14]      PIC, Submission 1, p. 2.

[15]      PIC, Submission 1, p. 2.

[16]      Professor John McMillan, Commonwealth Ombudsman, Submission 3, p. 3.

[17]      This recognises that the concept of corrupt conduct is not static. Changes in community standards and expectations or the environment in which corrupt behaviour could manifest mean that what constitutes corrupt conduct may change over time. ACLEI, answer to question on notice, 16 December 2008 (received 16 January 2009), p. 1.

[18]      ACLEI, answer to question on notice, 16 December 2008 (received 16 January 2009), p. 1.

[19]      OPI, Submission 10, p. 1.

[20]      Associate Professor Colleen Lewis, Submission 12, p. 2. See also Ms Tamar Hopkins, Submission 23, p. 2 & pp 8-10.

[21]      Kennedy summarised in Ross, G., 'Police Oversight: Help or Hindrance?', in  M. Mitchell and J. Casey (eds.), Police Leadership and Management, The Federation Press, Sydney, 2007, pp 157-158.

[22]      Kennedy summarised in Ross, G., 'Police Oversight: Help or Hindrance?', in  M. Mitchell and J. Casey (eds.), Police Leadership and Management, The Federation Press, Sydney, 2007, pp 157-158.

[23]      ACLEI, Submission 4, p. 6.

[24]      This section is based on a submission from the PIC - Submission 1.

[25]      CMC, Submission 20, p. 4.

[26]      www.parliament.qld.gov.au/view/committees/PCMC.asp (accessed 15 January 2009).

[27]      OPI, Submission 10A, p. 1.

[28]      OPI, Submission 10, p. 1.

[29]      OPI, Submission 10, p. 2.

[30]      The Acting Ombudsman Victoria, Mr John Taylor described this as 'an anomaly in the legislation' and concluded that civilian and non-civilian officers of Victoria Police should be under the jurisdiction of the OPI, Committee Hansard, 1 October 2008, p. 19.

[31]      OPI, Submission 10, p. 4.

[32]      OPI, Submission 10, p. 3.

[33]      OPI, Submission 10, pp 5-6.

[34]      OPI, Submission 10, p. 9.

[35]      Commissioner for Law Enforcement Data Security website, www.cleds.vic.gov.au (accessed 18 August 2008).

[36]      It should be noted that the Australian Public Service Commission plays a role in the development and promotion of public sector integrity.

[37]      The table draws on Ross, G., 'Police Oversight: Help or Hindrance?', in  M. Mitchell and J. Casey (eds.), Police Leadership and Management, The Federation Press, Sydney, 2007, Table 11.2, p. 155.

[38]      ACLEI’s focus is to investigate serious and systemic corruption issues. The Commonwealth Ombudsman has a more general remit to oversee the handling of complaints, including those that may involve serious misconduct, but not corruption.

[39]      Resourcing constraints currently limit the attention ACLEI is able to direct to its prevention and education role. This is discussed further in chapters 3 and 5.

[40]      While the CCC does not investigate organised crime itself, it can grant the Commissioner of Police exceptional powers not normally available to police to investigate organised crime. The use of these powers is authorised and monitored by the CCC commissioner.

[41]      Mr Philip Moss, ACLEI, Committee Hansard, 26 September 2008, p. 3.

[42]      As noted earlier, the PIC's oversight was recently extended to the NSW Crime Commission.

[43]      NSW Police Force, Annual Report 2007-08, p. 3.

[44]      New South Wales Government, Submission 9, p. 2.

[45]      NSW Police Force, www.police.nsw.gov.au (accessed 13 January 2009).

[46]      NSW Police Force, www.police.nsw.gov.au  (accessed 13 January 2009).

[47]      NSW Police Force, Annual Report 2007-08, p. 48.

[48]      Queensland Police Service, Annual Report 2007-08.

[49]      Queensland Government, Submission 8, p. 3. It is worth noting that at the Commonwealth level, there are no statutory obligations for AFP or ACC employees to report misconduct or breaches of discipline. This is discussed further in chapter 5.

[50]      Queensland Police Service, Annual Report 2007-08, p. 52.

[51]      Queensland Government, Submission 8, p. 2

[52]      Queensland Government, Submission 8, p. 2.

[53]      Queensland Police Service, Annual Report 2007-08, p. 54.

[54]      Victoria Police, Annual Report 2007-08, p. 64.

[55]      Victoria Police, Ethical Standards Department – Community Service Charter, www.police.vic.gov.au  (accessed 13 January 2009).

[56]      Western Australia Police, Annual report 2007-08, p 38.

[57]      Western Australia Police, Submission 11, p. 2.

[58]      Western Australia Police, Submission 11, p. 3.

[59]      Western Australia Police, Submission 11, p. 7.

[60]      Western Australia Police, Submission 11, pp 7 - 12.

Chapter 3 - A 'building block' approach

[1]        ACLEI, Submission 4, p. 5.

[2]        The Hon. Len Roberts-Smith, CCC, Committee Hansard, 17 November 2008, p. 15.

[3]        Professor John McMillan, Commonwealth Ombudsman, Committee Hansard, 1 October 2008, p. 35.

[4]        As noted in chapter 1, ACLEI currently has oversight of the AFP, the ACC and the former NCA. Other Commonwealth agencies with a law enforcement function are able to be brought under ACLEI's jurisdiction by regulation.

[5]        ACLEI, Submission 4, p. 7.

[6]        Commissioner Andrew Scipione, NSW Police Force, Committee Hansard, 18 November 2008, p. 25.

[7]        Mr Daryl Melham MP, House of Representatives Hansard, 21 June 2006, p. 23.

[8]        ACLEI, answer to question on notice, 16 December 2008 (received 16 January 2009), p. 10.

[9]        ACLEI, Annual Report of the Integrity Commissioner 2007-2008, p. 4.

[10]      ACLEI, Submission 4, p. 7.

[11]      List from ACLEI, Submission 4, pp 7-8.

[12]      Mr John Pritchard, PIC, Committee Hansard, 18 November 2008, p. 7.

[13]      The Hon. Jerrold Cripps QC, ICAC, Committee Hansard, 18 November 2008, p. 54.

[14]      ACLEI, Submission 4, p. 13.

[15]      Mr John Pritchard, PIC, Committee Hansard, 18 November 2008, p. 13.

[16]      Professor John McMillan, Commonwealth Ombudsman, Committee Hansard, 1 October 2008, p. 31.

[17]      ACLEI, answer to question on notice, 16 December 2008 (received 16 January 2009), p. 7.

[18]      ACLEI, Submission 4, p. 13.

[19]      Mr Stephen Lambrides, CMC, Committee Hansard, 14 November 2008, p. 42.

[20]      Mr John Pritchard, PIC, Committee Hansard, 18 November 2008, p. 15.

[21]      Mr Philip Moss, ACLEI, Committee Hansard, 26 September 2008, p. 11.

[22]      The Hon. Len Roberts-Smith, Commissioner, CCC, 17 November 2008, p. 7.

[23]      Mr Stephen Lambrides, CMC, Committee Hansard, 14 November 2008, p. 42.

[24]      Professor John McMillan, Commonwealth Ombudsman, Submission 3, p. 3.

[25]      OPI, Submission 10, p. 9.

[26]      It is worth noting that the power to initiate 'own motion' investigations, as ACLEI is able to do, enables the integrity agency to be proactive in the sense of intervening early in potential corruption matters.

[27]      OPI, Submission 10, p. 9.

[28]      OPI, Submission 10, p. 9.

[29]      Corruption and Crime Commission Act 2003, s. 17.

[30]      www.ccc.wa.gov.au (accessed 18 December 2008).

[31]      Crime and Misconduct Act 2001, ss. 24-25.

[32]      CMC, Submission 20, p. 8.

[33]      Professor Tim Prenzler, Committee Hansard, 14 November 2008, p. 8.

[34]      Ross, G., 'Police Oversight: Help or Hindrance?', in  M. Mitchell and J. Casey (eds.), Police Leadership and Management, The Federation Press, Sydney, 2007, Table 11.2, p. 154.

[35]      LEIC Act, s. 3(1)(c).

[36]      Ms Elizabeth Kelly, Attorney-General's Department, Committee Hansard, 26 September 2008, pp 16-17.

[37]      Mr Philip Moss, ACLEI, Committee Hansard, 26 September 2008, p. 3.

[38]      Mr Philip Moss, ACLEI, Committee Hansard, 26 September 2008, p. 3.

[39]      ACLEI, Submission 4, p. 11 and ACLEI, Annual Report of the Integrity Commissioner 2007-2008, p. 30.

[40]      ACLEI, Submission 4, p. 11.

[41]      Professor John McMillan, Commonwealth Ombudsman, Submission 3, p. 3.

[42]      Professor Tim Prenzler, Committee Hansard, 14 November 2008, p. 8.

[43]      ACC, Submission 5, p. 4.

[44]      Committee on the Office of the Ombudsman and the Police Integrity Commission, Research Report on Trends in Police Corruption, 2002, p. 48.

[45]      Professor Tim Prenzler, Submission 2, Attachment 1, p. 109.

[46]      Associate Professor Colleen Lewis, Committee Hansard, 1 October 2008, p. 43.

[47]      TIA, answer to question on notice, 18 November 2008 (received 18 December 2008), p. 1.

[48]      TIA, answer to question on notice, 18 November 2008 (received 18 December 2008), p. 1.

[49]      Associate Professor Glenn Ross, Committee Hansard, 17 November 2008, p. 61.

[50]      Mr Don McKenzie, Submission 22, p. 2.

[51]      Mr Don McKenzie, Submission 22, p. 2.

[52]      Professor John McMillan, Commonwealth Ombudsman, Submission 3, p. 3.

[53]      Mr Philip Moss, ACLEI, Committee Hansard, 26 September 2008, p. 11.

[54]      Parliamentary Joint Committee on the Australian Commission for Law Enforcement Integrity, Examination of the Annual Report of the Integrity Commissioner 2006-07, June 2008, p. 26.

Chapter 4 - Developing ACLEI: further issues for consideration

[1]        Associate Professor Colleen Lewis, Submission 12, p. 1 and see Ross, G., 'Police Oversight: Help or Hindrance?', in  M. Mitchell and J. Casey (eds.), Police Leadership and Management, the Federation Press, Sydney, 2007.

[2]        Professor John McMillan, Commonwealth Ombudsman, Submission 3, p. 2.

[3]        Mr Don McKenzie, Submission 22, p. 3.

[4]        Mr Don McKenzie, Submission 22, p. 3.

[5]        Associate Professor Colleen Lewis, Submission 12, p. 1 and see Ross, G., 'Police Oversight: Help or Hindrance?', in  M. Mitchell and J. Casey (eds.), Police Leadership and Management, the Federation Press, Sydney, 2007.

[6]        Mr Don McKenzie, Submission 22, p. 3.

[7]        Corruption within the broader public sector currently falls under the jurisdiction of the AFP. However, the AFP's role is reactive only and focuses on matters solely of a criminal nature. Thus, corruption is narrowly defined.

[8]        TIA, Submission 16, p. 2.

[9]        The Hon. Jerrold Cripps, ICAC, Committee Hansard, 18 November 2008, p. 51.

[10]      Mr Don McKenzie, Submission 22, pp 3-4.

[11]      Mr John Pritchard, PIC, Committee Hansard, 18 November 2008, p. 6.

[12]      Associate Professor Glenn Ross, Committee Hansard, 17 November 2008, p. 64.

[13]      Mr Don McKenzie, Submission 22, p. 3.

[14]      ACLEI, Submission 4, p. 12. See also, Mr John Pritchard, PIC, Committee Hansard, 18 November 2008, p. 6.

[15]      Senator John Faulkner, Special Minister of State, 'Public Service Ethics Advisory Service', 4 December 2008, www.smos.gov.au (accessed 27 January 2009). A further example includes the current House of Representatives inquiry into whistleblowing protections within the Australian Government public sector.

[16]      ACLEI, answer to question on notice, 16 December 2008 (received 16 January 2009), p. 6.

[17]      ACLEI, answer to question on notice, 16 December 2008 (received 16 January 2009), p. 5.

[18]      The Hon. Peter Moss QC, Inspector of the PIC, Committee Hansard, 18 November 2008, p. 36.

[19]      The Hon. Peter Moss QC, Inspector of the PIC, Committee Hansard, 18 November 2008, pp 36-37.

[20]      www.parliament.qld.gov.au/view/committees/PCMC.asp (accessed 15 January 2009).

[21]      Corruption and Crime Commission Act 2003, Part 13, s. 195.

[22]      Mr Malcolm McCusker, QC, Parliamentary Inspector of the CCC, Committee Hansard, 17 November 2008, p. 50.

[23]      Corruption and Crime Commission Act 2003, Part 13, s. 195.

[24]      Mr Christopher Field, Ombudsman WA, Committee Hansard, 17 November 2008, p. 47.

[25]      Mr Christopher Field, Ombudsman WA, Committee Hansard, 17 November 2008, pp 47-48.

[26]      Associate Professor Glenn Ross, Committee Hansard, 17 November 2008, p. 60.

[27]      Professor Tim Prenzler, Committee Hansard, 14 November 2008, p. 6.

[28]      Professor Tim Prenzler, Committee Hansard, 14 November 2008, p. 6.

[29]      These arrangements are listed in ACLEI, answer to question on notice, 16 December 2008 (received 16 January 2009), p. 5.

[30]      Mr Malcolm McCusker QC, Committee Hansard, 17 November 2008, p. 59.

[31]      Professor John McMillan, Commonwealth Ombudsman, Committee Hansard, 1 October 2008, p. 34.

[32]      Professor Tim Prenzler, Submission 2, attachment 1, p. 109.

[33]      Mr John Pritchard, PIC, Committee Hansard, 18 November 2008, p. 15.

[34]      The Hon. Len Roberts-Smith, Commissioner, CCC, 17 November 2008, p. 8.

[35]      Professor Glenn Ross, Committee Hansard, 17 November 2008, p. 62.

[36]      Professor Glenn Ross, Committee Hansard, 17 November 2008, p. 62.

[37]      LEIC Act, s. 4.

[38]      ACLEI, Annual Report of the Integrity Commissioner 2007-2008, p. 5.

[39]      ACLEI, Annual Report of the Integrity Commissioner 2007-2008, p. 46.

[40]      See for example, Mr Don McKenzie, Submission 22, p. 3, Transparency International Australia, Submission 16, p. 4 and The Hon. Len Roberts-Smith, Commissioner, CCC, 17 November 2008, p. 6.

[41]      Associate Professor Colleen Lewis, Submission 12, p. 3.

[42]      Associative Professor Colleen Lewis, Submission 12, pp 3-4.

[43]      Associate Professor Colleen Lewis, Submission 12, p. 5.

[44]      The Hon. Jerrold Cripps QC, ICAC, Committee Hansard, 18 November 2008, p. 48.

[45]      Mr Philip Moss, ACLEI, Committee Hansard, 26 September 2008, p. 10.

[46]      Mr John Pritchard, PIC, Committee Hansard, 18 November 2008, p. 15.

[47]      It is worth pointing out that the integrity agencies the committee had the opportunity to speak with seemed reasonably satisfied with the resources allocated to them. For example, the Hon. Len Roberts-Smith, Commissioner of the CCC agreed with the observation that that there was not any financial constraint upon the CCC in relation to its operational effectiveness, Committee Hansard, 17 November 2008, pp 11-12.

[48]      ACLEI, Submission 4, p. 6.

[49]      Professor John McMillan, Commonwealth Ombudsman, Submission 3, p. 3.

[50]      ACLEI, answer to question on notice, 16 December 2008 (received 16 January 2009), p. 3.

[51]      Acting Deputy Commissioner Paul Carey, NSW Police Force, Committee Hansard, 18 November 2008, p. 23.

[52]      Commissioner Andrew Scipione, NSW Police Force, Committee Hansard, 18 November 2008, p. 23.

[53]      Mr John Pritchard, PIC, Committee Hansard, 18 November 2008, p. 3.

[54]      Assistant Commissioner Peter Martin, Qld Police Service, Committee Hansard, 14 November 2008, p. 14.

[55]      Assistant Commissioner Peter Martin, Queensland Police Service, Committee Hansard, 14 November 2008, p. 15.

[56]      It is worth noting that the AFP intends to upgrade its case management and intelligence system.

[57]      ACLEI, answer to question on notice, 16 December 2008 (received 16 January 2009), p. 3.

[58]      ACLEI, answer to question on notice, 16 December 2008 (received 16 January 2009), p. 3.

[59]      ACLEI, answer to question on notice, 16 December 2008 (received 16 January 2009), p. 4.

[60]      Dr Jann Karp, Submission 17, p. 7.

[61]      For example, Chief Commissioner Nixon, Victoria Police, informed the committee that ethical standards were not just the responsibility of the Ethical Standards Department but of the broader organisation, Committee Hansard, 1 October 2008, p.  5.

[62]      That is, a focus on an officer's loyalty to the organisation over an officer's loyalty to colleagues.

[63]      Assistant Commissioner Martin, Queensland Police Service, Committee Hansard, 14 November 2008, p. 19. 

[64]      ACLEI, Submission 4, p. 11.

[65]      Professor Prenzler noted that it is important that the nature of oversight is commensurate with the misconduct risk profile of the police agencies being oversighted. In some jurisdictions a more interventionist approach is required. Other jurisdictions have a more cooperative approach, Committee Hansard, 14 November 2008, p. 6.

[66]      The Hon. Len Roberts-Smith, Commissioner, CCC, Committee Hansard, 17 November 2008, pp 17-18 and Assistant Commissioner Etter, Committee Hansard, 17 November 2008, p. 24.

[67]      This includes a joint agency steering group, an operational liaison group and regular informal meetings between the two organisations.

[68]      Assistant Commissioner Etter, WAPOL, Committee Hansard, 17 November 2008, p. 24.

[69]      The Hon. Len Roberts-Smith, Commissioner, CCC, Committee Hansard, 17 November 2008, p. 18.

[70]      Mr John Pritchard, PIC, Committee Hansard, 18 November 2008, p. 5.

[71]      Mr John Pritchard, PIC, Committee Hansard, 18 November 2008, p. 5.

[72]      Commissioner Andrew Scipione, NSW Police Force, Committee Hansard, 18 November 2008, p. 21.

[73]      Deputy Commissioner Ian Stewart, Queensland Police Service, Committee Hansard, 14 November 2008, p. 22.

[74]      Deputy Commissioner Ian Stewart, Queensland Police Service, Committee Hansard, 14 November 2008, p. 22.

[75]      Acting Assistant Commissioner Wayne Taylor, Victoria Police, Committee Hansard, 1 October 2008, p. 3.

[76]      Chief Commissioner Nixon, Victoria Police, Committee Hansard, 1 October 2008, p. 7.

[77]      Mr John Pritchard, PIC, Committee Hansard, 18 November 2008, p. 5.

[78]      Professor Tim Prenzler, Submission 2, Attachment 2, p. 662.

[79]      The Hon. Len Roberts-Smith, Commissioner, CCC, Committee Hansard, 17 November 2008, p. 18.

[80]      ACLEI, answer to question on notice, 16 December 2008 (received 16 January 2009), p. 10.

[81]      Assistant Commissioner Etter, WAPOL, Committee Hansard, 17 November 2008, p. 28.

[82]      Mr John Taylor, Acting Ombudsman, Victoria, Committee Hansard, 1 October 2008, p. 21.

[83]      Professor Tim Prenzler, Committee Hansard, 14 November 2008, pp 7-8.

[84]      Professor Tim Prenzler, Committee Hansard, 14 November 2008, p. 3.

[85]      Ms Tamar Hopkins, Submission 23, p. 13.

[86]      The Hon. Len Roberts-Smith, Commissioner, CCC, Committee Hansard, 17 November 2008, p. 20.

[87]      Mr John Pritchard, Commissioner, PIC, Committee Hansard, 18 November 2008, p. 5.

[88]      Mr Stephen Lambrides, CMC, Committee Hansard, 14 November 2008, p. 32.

[89]      Mr Stephen Lambrides, CMC, Committee Hansard, 14 November 2008, p. 32.

[90]      Mr Stephen Lambrides, CMC, Committee Hansard, 14 November 2008, p. 32.

[91]      Assistant Commissioner Martin, Queensland Police Service, Committee Hansard, 14 November 2008, p. 16.

[92]      Assistant Commissioner Martin, Queensland Police Service, Committee Hansard, 14 November 2008, p. 16.

[93]      LEIC Act, s. 199.

[94]      ACLEI, answer to question on notice, 16 December 2008 (received 16 January 2009), p. 10.

[95]      ACLEI, answer to question on notice, 16 December 2008 (received 16 January 2009), p. 10.

[96]      ACLEI, answer to question on notice, 16 December 2008 (received 16 January 2009), p. 11.

[97]      Assistant Commissioner Etter, WAPOL, Committee Hansard, 17 November 2008, p. 26.

[98]      Commissioner Andrew Scipione, NSW Police Force, Committee Hansard, 18 November 2008, p. 18.

[99]      Police Act 1990 (NSW), s. 181D, Police Service Act 2003(Tas.), s. 30, Police Regulation Act 1958 (Vic.), s. 68 and Police Act 1892(WA), s. 33L.

[100]    Queensland Police Service Administration Act 1990 and South Australian Police Act 1998

[101]    Australian Federal Police Act 1979, s. 40K.

[102]    Australian Federal Police Regulations 1979, regulation 5(2).

Chapter 5 - Conclusion and recommendations

[1]        Associate Professor Glenn Ross and Ms Bernadine Tucker, Submission 15, p. 2.

[2]        Associate Professor Glenn Ross and Ms Bernadine Tucker, Submission 15, p. 3.

[3]        The committee recognises that this is a relatively new field of study and will follow with interest research that aims to understand good practice in law enforcement oversight. In particular, the committee looks forward to the results of Ms Bernadine Tucker's research, as outlined in Submission 15.

[4]        The Hon. Len Roberts-Smith, Commissioner, CCC, Committee Hansard, 17 November 2008, pp 2-3.

[5]        ACLEI notes that its actual workload has exceeded the workload forecast during the planning of the size of the agency, Annual Report of the Integrity Commissioner 2007-2008, p. 64.

[6]        The committee will report on the Annual Report of the Integrity Commissioner 2007-08 in the first half of this year.

[7]        ACLEI, Annual Report of the Integrity Commissioner 2007-2008, p. 30.

[8]        LEIC Act, s. 5.

[9]        Dr A J Brown, Submission 8, p. 3, Senate Standing Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs, Inquiry into the provisions of the Law Enforcement Integrity Commissioner Bill 2006, the Law Enforcement Integrity Commissioner (Consequential Amendments) Bill 2006 and the Law Enforcement (AFP Professional Standards and Related Measures) Bill 2006.

[10]      ACLEI, answer to question on notice, 16 December 2008 (received 16 January 2009), p. 7.

[11]      ACLEI, answer to question on notice, 16 December 2008 (received 16 January 2009), p. 7.

[12]      ACLEI, answer to question on notice, 16 December 2008 (received 16 January 2009), p. 7.

[13]      Parliamentary Joint Committee on the Australian Commission for Law Enforcement Integrity, Examination of the Annual Report of the Integrity Commissioner 2006-07, p. 28.

[14]      ACLEI, answer to question on notice, 16 December 2008 (received 16 January 2009), p. 9.

[15]      The internal Confidant Network provides a secure avenue through which AFP appointees can bring forward misconduct concerns.

[16]      Public Service Act 1999, s. 13(5).