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Treaty
Title
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Purpose
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Entry into Force
for Australia
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Statute
of the International Atomic Energy Agency
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Treaty
which created the IAEA.
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Signed in New York on: 14 December 1956; ratified on 29 July 1957; and entered into force on 29 July 1957.
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Agreement
between the Governments of Australia, Argentina, Chile, the French Republic,
Japan, New Zealand, Norway, the Union of South Africa, the Union of Soviet
Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and North Ireland
and the United States of America concerning the Peaceful Uses of Antarctica.
(Short title: The ‘Antarctic Treaty’)
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Establishes
Antarctica as a non-militarised zone. Prohibits nuclear explosions, the
disposal of radioactive waste material and the testing of any type of
weapons.
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Signed in Washington on 1 December 1959;
ratified on 23 June 1961; and entered into force on 23 June 1961.
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Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the
Atmosphere, in Outer Space and under Water (Partial Test Ban Treaty)
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Commits
parties not to test nuclear weapons in the atmosphere, in outer space and
under water.
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Signed in Moscow on 8 August 1963; ratified on 12 November 1963; and entered into force on 5 October 1963.
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Treaty on Principles Governing the
Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the
Moon and Other Celestial Bodies (Outer Space Treaty)
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Prohibits
the deployment of nuclear weapons in orbit, on the moon or other celestial
bodies or otherwise in outer space.
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Signed in Washington on 27 January 1967; ratified on 10 October 1967; and entered into force on 10 October 1967.
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Treaty
on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
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Commits
non-nuclear weapons states not to attempt to acquire nuclear weapons;
guarantees the right to peaceful nuclear energy; and commits nuclear weapons
states to pursue disarmament.
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Signed
in Vienna on February 1970; ratified 23 January 1973; and entered into force on 23 January 1973.
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Treaty
on the Prohibition on the Emplacement of Nuclear Weapons and other Weapons of
Mass Destruction on the Sea Bed and the Ocean Floor and in the Sub-soil
thereof (Seabed Treaty)
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Parties
undertake not to place nuclear weapons, WMD or any launching installations or
other facilities specifically designed for storing, testing or using such
weapons on the sea-bed and the ocean floor and in the subsoil thereof beyond
the outer limit of a sea-bed zone. Treaty does not apply to the coastal
State or to the sea-bed beneath its territorial waters.
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Signed
in London/ Moscow/Washington on 11 February 1971; ratified: on 23 January 1973; and entered into force on 23 January 1973.
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Agreement
between Australia and the International Atomic Energy Agency for the
Application of Safeguards in connection with the Treaty on the
Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons of 1 July 1968
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Consistent
with Australia’s NPT obligations, Australia accepts safeguards on all source
or special fissionable material in all peaceful nuclear activities within its
territory.
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Signed
in Vienna and entered into force on 10 July 1974.
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Agreement
Governing the Activities of States on the Moon and other Celestial Bodies
(Moon Treaty)
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Prohibits
the deployment of nuclear weapons on the moon and other celestial bodies.
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Acceded
to on 7 July 1986; and entered into force for Australia on 6 August 1986.
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South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone Treaty (Treaty of
Raratonga)
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Establishes
an NFZ in the South Pacific.
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Signed in Raratonga on 6 August 1985; ratified and entered into force for Australia on 11 December 1986.
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Convention
on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material
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Parties
commit to provide physical protection to nuclear material in international
transport, and to criminalise various activities in relation to unauthorised
dealings with nuclear material.
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Signed
in Geneva on 22 February 1984; ratified on 22 September 1987; and entered into force for Australia on 22 October 1987.
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Protocol
Additional to the Agreement [of 10 July 1974] between Australia and the International Atomic Energy Agency for the Application of Safeguards in
connection with the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons of 1 July 1968
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Enhances
the IAEA’s ability to provide assurances about the peaceful nature of a
state’s nuclear activities.
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Signed in Vienna on 23 September 1997; and entered into force on 12 December 1997.
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Comprehensive
Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
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Prohibits
any nuclear explosion, and causing, encouraging or participating in the
conduct of a nuclear explosion.
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Signed
in New York on 24 September 1996; ratified on 9 July 1998; but Treaty not yet in force generally.
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Amendments
to the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material
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Extends
physical protection obligations to material in domestic use, storage or
transport, and to nuclear facilities.
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Adopted at Vienna on 8 July 2005; ratified on 17 July 2008; but, not yet in force generally.
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International
Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism
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Parties
must establish criminal offences with appropriate penalties in relation to a
number of offences relating to nuclear terrorism.
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Signed
in New York on 14 September 2005; Convention has not yet been ratified by Australia; but, entered into force generally on 7 July 2007.
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Treaty Title
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Purpose
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Entry into Force
for Australia
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Convention
on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter
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The
convention prohibits the dumping or deliberate disposal of hazardous waste
and seeks to control marine pollution.
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Signed
in London, Mexico City, Moscow and Washington on 10 October 1973; ratified on 21 August 1985; and entered into force for Australia on 20 September 1985.
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Regional
Cooperative Agreement for Research, Development and Training Related to
Nuclear Science and Technology (RCA)
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Facilitates
technical and political cooperation in the peaceful applications of nuclear
science and technology among the 17 regional member countries.
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Accepted and entered into force for Australia on 11 June 1987; a fourth extension Agreement, which will extend the RCA until 11 June 2012, is currently awaiting Executive Council approval.
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Convention
on the Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident
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Establishes
an international notification scheme for reporting nuclear accidents that may
have trans-boundary consequences.
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Signed in Vienna on 26 September 1986; ratified on 22 August 1987; and entered into force for Australia on 23 Oct.1987.
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Convention
on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency
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Establishes
an international scheme for the provision of assistance and support in the
case of a nuclear or radiological accident.
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Signed
Vienna on 26 Sept. 1986; ratified on 22 Sept. 1987; and entered into force for Australia on 23 Oct.1987.
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Convention
on Nuclear Safety
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Covers
the construction, design, operation and safety of nuclear power plants. The
convention creates a peer review mechanism.
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Signed in Vienna on 20 Sept.1994; ratified
24 Dec. 1996; and entered into force for Australia on 24 March 1997.
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Convention
on Supplementary Compensation for Nuclear Damage
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Creates
a worldwide liability regime to supplement and enhance the Vienna and Paris
Conventions on civil liability for nuclear damage, thereby ensuring the
availability of compensation for victims of a nuclear accident.
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Signed
in Vienna on 1 October 1997. This Convention has not yet been ratified by Australia; and it is not yet in force generally.
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Joint
Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of
Radioactive Waste Management
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Covers
the construction, design, operation and safety of facilities for the
management of spent fuel and of radioactive waste. The convention creates a
peer review mechanism.
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Signed:
in Vienna on 13 Nov. 1998; ratified on 5 August 2003; entered into force for Australia on 3 November 2003.
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Treaty Title
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Purpose
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Entry into Force
for Australia
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Agreement
between the Government of Australia and the Government of the Republic of
Korea concerning Cooperation in Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy and the
Transfer of Nuclear Material
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The
export of Australian uranium for peaceful purposes
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Signed
in Canberra and entered into force on 2 May 1979.
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Agreement
between the Government of Australia and the Government of the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Northern Ireland concerning Nuclear Transfers between
Australia and the United Kingdom
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The
export of Australian uranium for peaceful purposes
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Signed
in London and entered into force on 24 July 1979.
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Agreement
between the Government of Australia and the Government of the Republic of Finland concerning the Transfer of Nuclear Material between Australia and Finland
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The
export of Australian uranium for peaceful purposes
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Signed
in Helsinki on 20 July 1978; and entered into force on 9 February 1980.
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An
exchange of notes constituting an Agreement between Australia and the United States of America concerning Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy, and
Agreed Minute
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The
export of Australian uranium for peaceful purposes
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Notes
and agreed minute exchanged in Washington on 5 July 1979; and entered into force on 16 January 1981.
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Agreement
between the Government of Australia and the Government of Canada concerning
the Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy
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The
export of Australian uranium for peaceful purposes
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Signed
in Ottawa and entered into force on 9 March 1981.
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Agreement
on Conditions and Controls for Nuclear Transfers for Peaceful Purposes
between Australia and Sweden, and Exchange of Letters
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The
export of Australian uranium for peaceful purposes
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Signed
in Canberra on 18 March 1981; and entered into force on 22 May 1981.
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Agreement
concerning Nuclear Transfers between Australia and France, and Exchange of
Letters
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The
export of Australian uranium for peaceful purposes
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Signed
in Paris on 7 January 1981; and entered into force on 12 September 1981.
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Agreement
with the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM) concerning Transfers of
Nuclear Material from Australia to EURATOM, and two exchanges of Letters
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The
export of Australian uranium for peaceful purposes
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Signed
in Brussels on 21 September 1981; and entered into force on 15 January 1982.
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Agreement
between the Government of Australia and the Government of the Republic of the
Philippines concerning Co-operation in Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy and
the Transfer of Nuclear Material
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The
export of Australian uranium for peaceful purposes
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Signed
in Manila on 8 August 1978; and entered into force on 11 May 1982.
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Agreement
between the Government of Australia and the Government of Japan for
Cooperation in the Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy, and three Exchanges of
Notes
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The
export of Australian uranium for peaceful purposes
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Signed
in Canberra on 5 March 1982; and entered into force on 17 August 1982.
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Agreement
between Australia and Switzerland concerning the Peaceful Uses of Nuclear
Energy, and two exchanges of Letters
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The
export of Australian uranium for peaceful purposes
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Signed
in Berne on 28 January 1986; and entered into force on 27 July 1988.
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Agreement
concerning Cooperation in the Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy and the
Transfer of Nuclear Material between Australia and the Arab Republic of Egypt
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The
export of Australian uranium for peaceful purposes
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Signed
in Cairo on 18 February 1988; and entered into force on 2 June 1989.
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Agreement
between the Government of Australia and the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics concerning the Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy
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Applies
to transfers of Australian nuclear material to the USSR either directly or
through a third party. The Agreement covers the processing (conversion,
enrichment or fuel fabrication) of Australian obligated nuclear material
(AONM) in Russia on behalf of other partner countries, but does not permit
the use of AONM by Russia.
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Signed
in Canberra on 15 February 1990; and entered into force on 24 December 1990.
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Agreement
between the Government of Australia and the Government of the United Mexican
States concerning Cooperation in Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy and the
Transfer of Nuclear Material
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The
export of Australian uranium for peaceful purposes
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Signed
in Canberra on 28 February 1992; and entered into force on 17 July 1992.
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Agreement
between the Government of Australia and the Government of New Zealand
concerning the Transfer of Uranium
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The
export of Australian uranium for peaceful purposes
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Signed
in Canberra on 14 September 1999; and entered into force on 1 May 2000.
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Agreement
for Cooperation between the Government of Australia and the Government of the
United States of America concerning Technology for the Separation of Isotopes
of Uranium by Laser Excitation (SILEX Agreement), Agreed Minute and Exchange
of Notes
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Applies
to cooperation in research on and development and utilization of SILEX
nuclear technology for peaceful purposes.
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Signed
in Washington on 28 October 1999; and entered into force on 24 May 2000 .
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Agreement
between the Government of Australia and the Government of the Czech Republic
concerning Cooperation in the Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy and the
Transfer of Nuclear Material
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Signed
in Prague on 27 July 2001; and entered into force on 17 May 2002.
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Exchange
of Notes Constituting an Agreement between Australia and the United States of America Concerning Cooperation on the Application of Non Proliferation
Assurances on Retransfer to Taiwan
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The
Agreement facilitates the retransfer of Australian uranium to Taiwan for use in the generation of electricity via transfers to the United States.
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Signed
in Washington on 31 July 2001; and entered into force on 17 May 2002.
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Agreement
Between the Government of Australia and the Government of the Republic of
Hungary on Cooperation in Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy and the Transfer of
Nuclear Material
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Signed
in Budapest on 8 August 2001; and entered into force on 15 June 2002.
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Agreement
with the Argentine Republic concerning cooperation in the peaceful uses of
nuclear energy
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Signed
in Canberra on 8 August 2001; and entered into force on 12 January 2005.
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Agreement
with the People’s Republic of China on the transfer of Nuclear Material
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Signed
in Canberra on 3 April 2006; and entered into force on 3 February 2007.
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Agreement
with the People’s Republic of China for Cooperation in the peaceful uses of
Nuclear Energy
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Signed
in Canberra on 3 April 2006; and entered into force on 3 February 2007.
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Agreement
with the Russian Federation on Cooperation in the Use of Nuclear Energy for
Peaceful Purposes
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All
Australian uranium is exported for exclusively peaceful purposes, and only to
countries and parties with which Australia has a bilateral safeguards
Agreement.
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Signed
in Sydney on 7 September 2007; but Agreement has not yet entered into force.
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