House of Representatives Committees

| House of Representatives Standing Committee on Health and Ageing

Footnotes

Chapter 1 Overview

[1] Letter from Speaker of the House of Representatives and the President of the Senate to Clerk Assistant (Committees), 13 February 2009.

[2] The website of the Prime Minister of Australia, media release, “Australia seeks to host 2009 Pacific Islands Forum”, 8 March 2008, http://www.pm.gov.au/node/5904

[3] Prime Minister Somare’s statement during reception by PNG High Commissioner to Australia, 28 April 2009, http://asopa.typepad.com/files/somare_canberra_-280409-1.pdf

[4] AusAID website, Schedule to the Papua New Guinea- Australia Partnership for Development, Priority Outcome 3 (10 June 2009), http://www.ausaid.gov.au/country/pdf/outcome_health_schedule.pdf

[5] AusAID website, http://www.ausaid.gov.au/country/partnership/png.cfm

[6] AusAID website, Australian- Solomon Islands Partnership for Development, http://www.ausaid.gov.au/country/pdf/solomons/1-servicedelivery.pdf

[7] ABC, the 7:30 Report, ‘Dangerous tuberculosis outbreak in PNG’, Broadcast on 24/07/2008, written transcript and video clip available at: http://www.abc.net.au/7.30/content/2008/s2313813.htm

[8] See the HAA Committee website for the Obesity inquiry report, http://www.aph.gov.au/house/committee/haa/reports.htm

[9] See RAMSI website for more details, http://www.ramsi.org/node/5

[10] AusAID website, Pacific, http://www.ausaid.gov.au/country/southpacific.cfm

[11] AusAID, Official transcript of evidence, 11 September 2009, p. 23.

[12] Written briefing material provided to Committee delegation by AusAID.

[13] Written briefing material provided to Committee delegation by AusAID.

[14] See AusAID website, www.ausaid.gov.au

[15] The Office of Development Effectiveness (ODE) was established by the Australian government in 2006 to monitor the quality of and evaluate the impact of the Australian aid program. See website for more : http://www.ode.ausaid.gov.au/about/index.html

[16] Executive Summary, full report and individual country reports available from ODE website, http://www.ode.ausaid.gov.au/publications/index.html

[17] AusAID Working Paper 1: PNG Country Report (June 2009) , p. 32-33 http://www.ode.ausaid.gov.au/publications/pdf/working_paper_1_png.pdf

[18] AusAID Working Paper 1: SI Country Report (June 2009) , pp. 36-40, http://www.ode.ausaid.gov.au/publications/pdf/working_paper_2_sols.pdf

[19] For more information on the review see the AusAID website, http://www.ausaid.gov.au/country/papua.cfm

[20] HAA Committee website, Committee activities, http://www.aph.gov.au/house/committee/haa/pacifichealth/index.htm

[21] This information is available from the DFAT website, www.dfat.gov.au

[22] From 4-7 August 2009 Leaders of the Pacific Islands Forum met in Cairns and agreed to a new development compact to invigorate commitment to economic and development performance and the achievement of Millennium Development Goals in the region, which remain off-track. See AusAID website for a copy: http://www.ausaid.gov.au/hottopics/topic.cfm?ID=7859_8335_3044_5265_6693

[23] See the Senate Foreign Affairs Committee’s website for more information about each inquiry, including terms of reference, submissions and copies of public hearing transcripts http://www.aph.gov.au/Senate/committee/inquiries/index.htm

[24] See the Senate Foreign Affairs Committee website for the report, http://www.aph.gov.au/Senate/committee/fadt_ctte/swpacific/index.htm

Chapter 2 Committee inquiry activities in Australia

[1] See DFAT website, http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/torres_strait/index.html

[2] DFAT, Briefing, 19 August 2009, pp. 2-3.

[3] DFAT, Briefing, 2 September 2009, p. 6.

[4] DFAT, Briefing, 19 August 2009, p. 3.

[5] DIAC, Briefing, 2 September 2009, p. 9-12.

[6] DFAT, Briefing, 19 August 2009, p. 3.

[7] The TSRA is an Australian Government Statutory Authority established in 1994 to improve the lifestyle and wellbeing of the Torres Strait Islander and Aboriginal people living in the Torres Strait Region. For more information see the website: http://www.tsra.gov.au/

[8] TSRA Submission no 18, Senate Foreign Affairs Committee Inquiry into matters relating to the Torres Strait, https://senate.aph.gov.au/submissions/comittees/viewdocument.aspx?id=0c9da83c-41c0-4252-b4d5-65121c27a573

[9] Torres Strait Regional Authority, Submission no. 5, page. 1, http://www.aph.gov.au/house/committee/haa/pacifichealth/subs/sub005.pdf

[10] DIAC, Briefing, 2 September, p. 10.

[11] DFAT, Briefing, 2 September 2009.

[12] Thursday Island Hospital, Briefing 2 September 2009, p. 27.

[13] DIAC, Briefing, 2 September 2009, p. 13.

[14] TSRA Submission no. 5, p. 5.

[15] TI Hospital, Briefing, 2 September 2009, pp. 29 – 31.

[16] TSRA Briefing, 2 September 2009, p.21.

[17] Private communications on Saibai Island, 1 September 2009.

[18] The boxing sea effect refers to when you go out on a boat and get hit from two sides by waves.

[19] TSRA Briefing, 2 September 2009, p. 23.

[20] TSRA briefing, 2 September 2009 , p.21 and private communications, Saibai, 1 September 2009.

[21] Queensland Health, Official Transcript, 31 August 2009, p. 19.

[22] The OK Tedi mine is a large scale producer of copper concentrate for the world smelting market. The mine is majority owned by an Australian company called PNG Sustainable Development Program Limited (replacing the 52% stake previously held by BHP Billiton). See the OK Tedi mine website for more information on the mine and its activities: http://www.oktedi.com/

[23] TSRA, Submission no. 5, http://www.aph.gov.au/house/committee/haa/pacifichealth/subs/sub005.pdf and private communications on Saibai Island, 1 September 2009.

[24] TSRA, Briefing, 2 September 2009, p. 18, and private communications on Saibai Island, 1 September 2009.

[25] DIAC, Briefing, 2 September 2009, p. 10.

[26] Private communications to the Committee, Saibai Island, 1 September 2009.

[27] DIAC, Briefing, 2 September 2009. p. 17.

[28] DIAC, Briefing, 2 September 2009, p. 13.

[29] DFAT, Briefing, 2 September 2009, pp. 4-5.

[30] Department of Health, Briefing, 19 August 2009, p. 4.

[31] Department of Health, Briefing, 19 August 2009, p. 4.

[32] Department of Health, Briefing, 19 August 2009, p. 4.

[33] Department of Health, Briefing, 19 August 2009 p. 7.

[34] Thursday Island Hospital, Briefing, 2 September 2009, p. 29

[35] Written briefing material provided by AusAID to committee delegation.

[36] AusAID, Briefing, 19 August 2009, p. 7, and written briefing material provided by AusAID to committee delegation.

[37] Department of Health, Briefing, 19 August 2009, p. 5, and JTA International Submission no. 7.

[38] AusAID, Briefing, 19 August 2009, p. 7.

[39] AusAID. Briefing, 19 August 2009, p. 7.

[40] Department of Health, Official Transcript of Evidence, Friday 11 September 2009, p. 21.

[41] Department of Health, Official Transcript, Friday 11 September 2009, p. 21.

[42] Department of Health, Briefing, 19 August 2009, p. 5.

[43] Department of Health, Official Transcript, Friday 11 September 2009, p 22

[44] Department of Health, Official Transcript, Friday 11 September 2009, p 22

[45] Correspondence to HAA Committee from Minister Snowdon, dated 30 October 2009.

[46] Written briefing material provided to Committee delegation by AusAID and correspondence to HAA Committee from Minister Snowdon, dated 30 October 2009.

[47] Written briefing material provided to Committee delegation by AusAID and correspondence to HAA Committee from Minister Snowdon, dated 30 October 2009.

[48] Queensland Health, Official Transcript, 31 August 2009, p. 18.

[49] Correspondence to HAA Committee from Minister Snowdon, dated 30 October 2009.

[50] Personal communication to secretariat, Department of Health, 13 January 2010.

[51] Personal communication at the HAA Committee’s private meeting on 17 June 2009.

[52] Diabetic retinopathy refers to damage to the retina caused by complications of diabetes, which can eventually lead to blindness. Source: Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetic_retinopathy

[53] Trachoma is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis, spread by direct contact with eye, nose and throat secretions or flies and found in areas where there is poor personal and family hygiene and common in communities without access to adequate water and sanitation. Source: Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trachoma

[54] A cataract is a clouding in the crystalline lens of the eye, varying in degree from slight to complete opacity and obstructing the passage of light. Source: Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cataract

[55] Vision 2020, Official Transcript, 11 September 2009, p. 15

[56] Refractive error is an error in the focusing of light by the eye and a frequent reason for reduced visual acuity. Source: Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractive_error

[57] Professor Le Mesurier, Official Transcript, 11 September 2009, p. 15.

[58] Professor Le Mesurier, Official Transcript, 11 September 2009, p. 16.

[59] Vision 2020 website, media release, “Australian Government commits to Indigenous eye health”, 27/05/09,

[60] AusAID 2008-2009 Budget, http://www.ausaid.gov.au/budget/budget08/budget_avoidableblindness.pdf

[61] AusAID 2008-2009 Budget, http://www.ausaid.gov.au/budget/budget08/budget_avoidableblindness.pdf

[62] Vision 2020, Official Transcript, 11 September 2009, p. 28.

[63] Vision 2020, Official Transcript, 11 September 2009, p. 28.

[64] Professor Le Mesurier, Official Transcript, 11 September 2009, pp. 28

[65] Vision 2020, Submission no. 10, p. 2.

[66] Professor Le Mesurier, Official Transcript, 11 September 2009, pp. 29.

[67] Professor Le Mesurier, Official Transcript of Evidence, 11 September 2009, p. 29.

[68] Dr Stuckey, TI Hospital, Briefing 2 September 2009, p. 30.

[69] AusAID written briefing material provided to Committee delegation.

[70] The University of Melbourne and World Vision, Reducing maternal and child deaths: experiences from Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands, p. 4.

[71] Dr Stuckey, TI Hospital, Briefing 2 September 2009, p. 31.

[72] AusAID written material provided to Committee delegation.

[73] The University of Melbourne and World Vision, Reducing maternal and child deaths: experiences from Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands, p. 4.

[74] Professor Toole, Official Transcript, 11 September 2009, p. 14.

[75] The University of Melbourne and World Vision, Reducing maternal and child deaths: experiences from Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands, p. 4.

[76] World Vision Australia, Official Transcript, 11 September 2009, p. 13.

[77] World Vision Submission no. 11, p. 1.

[78] The University of Melbourne and World Vision, Reducing maternal and child deaths: experiences from Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands, p. 7.

[79] The University of Melbourne and World Vision, Reducing maternal and child deaths: experiences from Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands, p. 7.

[80] Sir Isi Kevau, Speech at launch of Health Education and Clinical Services (HECS) Program at School of Medical and Health Services, 24 July 2009, provided at PNG medical school site visit, 7 October 2009.

[81] The Burnet Institute is Australia’s largest virology and communicable disease research institute. For more details see the website, http://www.burnet.edu.au/home

[82] Professor Toole, Burnet Institute, Official Transcript, 11 September 2009, p. 30.

[83] CARE Australia, Official Transcript, 11 September 2009, p. 34.

[84] Professor Toole, Burnet Institute, Official Transcript, 11 September 2009, pp. 30 -32.

[85] HAA Committee, The Best Start breastfeeding report, 9 August 2007, p. 116, http://www.aph.gov.au/house/committee/haa/breastfeeding/report/chapter7.pdf

[86] HAA Committee, The Best Start breastfeeding report, 9 August 2007 p. 116, http://www.aph.gov.au/house/committee/haa/breastfeeding/report/chapter7.pdf

[87] Ms Duituturaga, Official Transcript, 11 September 2009, pp. 10-11.

[88] Ms Duituturaga, Official Transcript, 11 September 2009, p. 11.

[89] United Nations, Asia-Pacific Human Development Report 2010, p. vii.

[90] Dr Stuckey, TI Hospital, Briefing, 2 September 2009, p. 30.

[91] Personal communication from AusAID, 12 March 2010.

[92] AusAID Annual Report 2008-2009, p. 46.

[93] See CDI website for more details, http://www.cdi.anu.edu.au/

[94] AusAID website, Water and Sanitation, http://www.ausaid.gov.au/keyaid/water.cfm

[95] Dr Stuckey, TI Hospital, Briefing 2 September 2009, p. 31.

[96] Personal communication from briefing by Mr Kerr, 7 October 2009.

[97] Written briefing material provided to Committee by AusAID.

[98] Australian Government website, Health insite, http://www.healthinsite.gov.au/topics/Cholera

[99] Written briefing material provided to Committee by AusAID.

[100] Ms Clement, CARE Australia, Official Transcript, 11 September 2009, p. 40, and Professor Toole, Burnet Institute, Official Transcript, 11 September 2009, p. 30.

[101] Official Transcript, 11 September 2009, p.33.

[102] Written briefing material provided to Committee delegation by AusAID, p. 2.

[103] AusAID website, http://www.ausaid.gov.au/closeup/water.cfm

[104] Written briefing material provided to Committee delegation by AusAID, p. 1.

[105] TI Hospital, Briefing, 2 September 2009, p. 34.

[106] A unique organisation created by the PNG government and BHP Billiton who run the OK Tedi mine in Western Province, whose objective is to support selected sustainable development programs through projects and initiatives to benefit PNG. See website for details: http://www.pngsdp.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2&Itemid=24

[107] Written material provided by AusAID to Committee delegation, p.2.

[108] Personal communication from Mr Kerr to Committee on 7 October 2009.

[109] HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is the cause of AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). HIV is a type of virus called a retrovirus, which infects humans when it comes in contact with tissues such as those that line the vagina, anal area, mouth, or eyes, or a break in the skin. Source: Medicine.Net.Com

[110] University of New South Wales (UNSW), National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, http://www.nchecr.unsw.edu.au/NCHECRweb.nsf/page/Annual+Surveillance+Reports

[111] Annual Surveillance Report 2009, http://www.nchecr.unsw.edu.au/nchecrweb.nsf/resources/SurvReports_3/$file/ASR2009-updated-2.pdf Summary, p. 7

[112] Annual Surveillance Report 2009, Summary, p. 7

[113] Annual Surveillance Report 2009, Summary, p. 7

[114] Annual Surveillance Report 2009, p. 54.

[115] Prof. Toole, Burnet Institute, Official Transcript, 11 September 2009, p. 14.

[116] Prof. Toole, Burnet Institute, Official Transcript, 11 September 2009, p. 14.

[117] Dr Darren Russell, Submission no. 3, p. 1.

[118] Prof. Toole, Burnet Institute, Official Transcript, 11 September 2009, p. 14.

[119] Dr Darren Russell, Submission no. 3, p. 1.

[120] TI Hospital, Briefing, 2 September 2009, p. 28.

[121] Dr Darren Russell, Submission no. 3, p. 2.

[122] Dr Darren Russell, Submission no. 3. p. 1.

[123] Dr Russell, Official Transcript, 31 August 2009, p. 5. And Dr Russell, Submission no. 3, p. 2.

[124] Dr Darren Russell, Submission no. 3, p. 1 and Dr Stuckey, Briefing, 2 September 2009, p. 28, personal communications, Saibai community consultations, 1 September 2009.

[125] Dr Russell, Submission no. 3, p. 2.

[126] Dr Russell, Official Transcript, 31 August 2009, p. 5 and Dr Stuckey, Briefing, 2 September 2009, p. 28.

[127] Dr Russell, Submission no. 3, p. 2.

[128] Dr Russell, Submission no. 3, p. 2.

[129] Dr Russell, Submission no. 3 p. 1, & 4.

[130] Dr Russell, Official Transcript, 31 August 2009, p. 8.

[131] Dr Russell, Submission no. 3, p. 1 and Dr Stuckey, Briefing, 2 September 2009, p. 28.

[132] Dr Russell, Official Transcript, 31 August 2009, p. 8.

[133] Dr Russell, Official Transcript, 31 August 2009, p. 13.

[134] Prof. Toole, Burnet Institute, Official Transcript, 11 September 2009, p. 14.

[135] Dr Fagan, Queensland Health, Official Transcript, 31 August 2009, p. 14.

[136] Dr Fagan, Queensland Health, Official Transcript, 31 August 2009, p. 15.

[137] Dr Russell, Submission no. 3, p. 4.

[138] Dr Fagan, Queensland Health, Official Transcript, 31 August 2009, p. 15.

[139] H.E. Mr Lepani, PNG High Commissioner to Australia, Official Transcript, 11 September 2009, p. 3.

[140] AusAID, Briefing, 19 August 2009, p. 7 and AusAID written briefing material provided to Committee delegation.

[141] See Global Fund to fight AIDS, TB and malaria website for details on how the fund works and its activities, http://www.theglobalfund.org/en/

[142] Mr Bowtell, Lowy Institute, Official Transcript, 11 September 2009, p. 16.

[143] Mr Bowtell, Lowy Institute, Official Transcript, 11 September 2009, p. 17.

[144] See website for the other Friend Members and further details on the organisation, http://www.pacificfriendsglobalfund.org/

[145] Mr Bowtell, Lowy Institute, Official Transcript, 11 September 2009, p. 26.

[146] Mr Bowtell, Lowy Institute, Official Transcript, 11 September 2009, p. 27.

[147] See Burnet Institute website for more details on the Tingam Laip program, http://www.burnet.edu.au/home/cih/programs/png/tingimlaip

[148] Prof. Toole, Burnet Institute, Official Transcript, 1 September 2009, p. 29.

[149] SHFPA, Submission no. 8, p. 9.

[150] SHFPA, Submission no. 8, p. 9.

[151] Oxfam Australia website, http://www.oxfam.org.au/about-us/countries-where-we-work/papua-new-guinea

[152] SHFPA, Submission no. 8, p. 8.

[153] Ms Knight, SHFPA, Official Transcript, 11 September 2009, p. 36. Also see their submission, Submission no. 8.

[154] Ms Knight, SHFPA, Official Transcript, 11 September 2009, p. 36.

[155] Ms Knight, SHFPA, Official Transcript, 11 September 2009, p. 36.

[156] SHFPA Submission no. 8, p. 11.

[157] SHFPA, Official Transcript, 11 September 2009, p. 37.

[158] Definition from Medicine.Net.Com, http://www.medicinenet.com/tuberculosis/article.htm

[159] Dr Konstantinos, Queensland Tuberculosis Control Centre, Official Transcript, 31 August 2009, p. 25.

[160] Dr Konstantinos, Queensland Tuberculosis Control Centre, Official Transcript, 31 August 2009, p. 20.

[161] Submission no. 2, Professor Maguire, p. 6, http://www.aph.gov.au/house/committee/haa/pacifichealth/subs/sub002.pdf

[162] Dr Konstantinos, Queensland Tuberculosis Control Centre, Official Transcript, 31 August 2009, p. 20.

[163] Multidrug resistant TB is defined as a strain that does not respond to two or more standard anti-TB drugs. MDRT usually occurs when treatment is interrupted thus allowing mutations in the organism to occur that confer drug resistance. Source Medicine.Net.Com

[164] Dr Konstantinos, Queensland Tuberculosis Control Centre, Official Transcript, 31 August 2009, p. 20.

[165] Dr Stuckey, TI Hospital, Briefing, pp. 28 – 29.

[166] Dr Konstantinos, Queensland TB Control Centre, Official Transcript, 31 August 2009, p. 22.

[167] Prof. Maguire, School of Medicine and Dentistry, JCU, Official Transcript, 31 August 2009, p. 10.

[168] Professor Simpson, Cairns Base Hospital, Official Transcript, 31 August 2009, p. 23.

[169] Prof. Simpson, Cairns Base Hospital, Official Transcript, 31 August 2009, p. 23.

[170] Dr Konstantinos, Queensland TB Centre, Official Transcript, 31 August 2009, p. 21.

[171] Dr Stuckey and Dr Parish, TI Hospital, Briefing, 2 September 2009, p. 33.

[172] Prof. Simpson, Official Transcript, 31 August 2009, p. 24.

[173] Prof. Maguire, Submission no. 2, http://www.aph.gov.au/house/committee/haa/pacifichealth/subs/sub002.pdf

[174] Submission no. 20, Senate Inquiry into matters relating to the Torres Strait region, p. 17.

[175] Dr Konstantinos, Queensland TB Centre, Official Transcript, 31 August 2009, p. 25.

[176] Dr Beaton, Cairns Base Hospital, Official Transcript, 31 August 2009, p. 34.

[177] Dr Beaton, Cairns Base Hospital, Official Transcript, 31 August 2009, p. 34.

[178] Dr Beaton, Cairns Base Hospital, Official Transcript, 31 August 2009, p. 34.

[179] Dr Konstantinos, Queensland TB Centre, Official Transcript, 31 August 2009, p. 25.

[180] Dr Konstantinos, Queensland TB Centre, Official Transcript, 31 August 2009, p. 28.

[181] Prof. Simpson, Cairns Base Hospital, Official Transcript, 31 August 2009, p. 27.

[182] Department of Immigration, Briefing, 2 September, p. 16.

[183] Prof. Simpson, Cairns Base Hospital, Official Transcript, 31 August 2009, p. 27.

[184] Dr Beaton, Cairns Base Hospital, Official Transcript, 31 August 2000, p. 30.

[185] Dr Beaton, Cairns Base Hospital, Official Transcript, 31 August 2000, p. 33.

[186] Dr Beaton, Cairns Base Hospital, Official Transcript, 31 August 2000, p. 33.

[187] Submission no. 20, Queensland Health, Senate Foreign Affairs Committee Inquiry into matters relating to the Torres Strait region, p. 16.

[188] Submission no. 20, Queensland Health, Senate Foreign Affairs Committee Inquiry into matters relating to the Torres Strait region, p. 17, http://www.aph.gov.au/Senate/committee/fadt_ctte/torresstrait/submissions.htm

[189] Dr Beaton, Cairns Base Hospital, Official Transcript, 31 August 2009, p. 33.

[190] Department of Immigration, Briefing, 2 September 2009, p. 15.

[191] Personal communication to secretariat, Health Protection Policy Branch, Department of Health, 27 January 2009.

[192] MedicineNet.com, http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=4255

[193] MedicineNet.com, http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=4255

[194] MedicineNet.com, http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=4255

[195] Associate Professor Richard Russell, Malaria factsheet, http://medent.usyd.edu.au/fact/malaria.htm#malaust

[196] AusAID website, http://www.ausaid.gov.au/media/release.cfm?BC=Media&ID=9575_7334_2174_3905_9498

[197] Asian Development Bank website, MDG tables, http://www.adb.org/Documents/Books/Key_Indicators/2008/pdf/Goal-06.pdf

[198] AusAID website, http://www.ausaid.gov.au/media/release.cfm?BC=Media&ID=9575_7334_2174_3905_9498

[199] Asian Development Bank website, MDG tables, http://www.adb.org/Documents/Books/Key_Indicators/2008/pdf/Goal-06.pdf

[200] Written briefing material provided to Committee delegation by AusAID.

[201] Pacific Malaria Initiative Support Centre website, http://www.pacmisc.net/pacmisc/index.asp

[202] PacMISC website, http://www.pacmisc.net/pacmisc/about.asp

[203] H.E. Mr Ngele, Solomon Islands High Commissioner, Official Transcript, 11 September 2009, p. 18.

[204] MedicineNet.Com, http://www.medicinenet.com/dengue_fever/article.htm

[205] MedicineNet.Com, http://www.medicinenet.com/dengue_fever/article.htm

[206] MedicineNet.Com, http://www.medicinenet.com/dengue_fever/article.htm

[207] MedicineNet.Com, http://www.medicinenet.com/dengue_fever/article.htm

[208] MedicineNet.Com, http://www.medicinenet.com/dengue_fever/article.htm

[209] MedicineNet.Com, http://www.medicinenet.com/dengue_fever/article.htm

[210] Dr Ritchie, James Cook University, Official Transcript, 31 August 2009, p. 4.

[211] Sanofi aventis, Submission no. 9, pp. 3-4.

[212] ABC Catalyst program, “Dengue Mozzie”, 3 September 2009, video and transcript available from website, http://www.abc.net.au/catalyst/stories/2675796.htm

[213] Sanofi aventis, Submission no. 9, p. 4

[214] Dr Ritchie, James Cook University, Official Transcript, 31 August 2009, p. 4.

[215] Dr Ritchie, James Cook University, Official Transcript, 31 August 2009, p. 12.

[216] Dr Ritchie, James Cook University, Official Transcript, 31 August 2009, p. 5.

[217] Sanofi aventis, Submission no. 9 p. 5.

[218] Dr Ritchie, James Cook University, Official Transcript, 31 August 2009, p. 5.

[219] ABC Catalyst program, “Dengue Mozzie”, 3 September 2009, video and transcript available from website, http://www.abc.net.au/catalyst/stories/2675796.htm

[220] The Sydney Morning Herald, “Proteins hold the key as scientists close in on malaria vaccine”, Wednesday, January 20, 2010, p. 6, http://www.smh.com.au/world/science/proteins-hold-the-key-as-scientists-close-in-on-malaria-vaccine-20100119-mj6y.html

[221] The Sydney Morning Herald, “Proteins hold the key as scientists close in on malaria vaccine”, Wednesday, January 20, 2010, p. 6.

[222] Private briefing to Committee from ANU NCEPH, 18 March 2009.

[223] Private briefing to Committee from ANU NCEPH, 18 March 2009.

[224] TSRA, Briefing, 2 September 2009, p. 21.

[225] ABC Lateline Program, Torres Strait islands risk from climate change, Broadcast 7/12/09, transcript available online, http://www.abc.net.au/lateline/content/2008/s2764521.htm

[226] ABC Lateline Program, Torres Strait islands risk from climate change, Broadcast 7/12/09, transcript available online, http://www.abc.net.au/lateline/content/2008/s2764521.htm

[227] ABC Lateline Program, Torres Strait islands risk from climate change, Broadcast 7/12/09, transcript available online, http://www.abc.net.au/lateline/content/2008/s2764521.htm

[228] ABC Lateline Program, Torres Strait islands risk from climate change, Broadcast 7/12/09, transcript available online, http://www.abc.net.au/lateline/content/2008/s2764521.htm

[229] H.E. Mr Lepani, PNG High Commissioner, Official Transcript, 11 September 2009, p. 18.

[230] Cardiovascular disease is any disease of the heart (cardio) or blood vessels (vascular). The major preventable risk factors for cardiovascular disease are tobacco smoking, high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, insufficient physical activity, overweight and obesity, poor nutrition and diabetes. Source: National Health and Medical Research Council website: http://www.nhmrc.gov.au/your_health/facts/cvd.htm

[231] Diabetes is a chronic disease, which occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. This leads to an increased concentration of glucose in the blood (hyperglycaemia). Type 2 diabetes (formerly called non-insulin-dependent or adult-onset diabetes) is caused by the body’s ineffective use of insulin. It often results from excess body weight and physical inactivity. Source: WHO, http://www.who.int/topics/diabetes_mellitus/en/

[232] Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet, Overweight and obesity among Indigenous peoples, http://www.healthinfonet.ecu.edu.au/health-risks/overweight-obesity/reviews/our-review

[233] Queensland Health, Official Transcript, 31 August 2009, p.19.

[234] Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW), http://www.aihw.gov.au/diabetes/index.cfm

[235] Queensland Health, Official Transcript, 31 August 2009, p. 14.

[236] AIHW website. http://www.aihw.gov.au/indigenous/health/index.cfm

[237] Queensland Health, Official Transcript, 31 August 2009, p. 19.

[238] Professor Whittaker, Australian Centre for International and Tropical Health, Official Transcript, 11 September 2009, p. 8.

[239] Professor Whittaker, Australian Centre for International and Tropical Health, Official Transcript, 11 September 2009, p. 42.

[240] This was the subject of a recent inquiry by the House of Representatives Standing Committee on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Affairs, into remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait community stores. See the website for the report’s recommendations for improving the situation , http://www.aph.gov.au/house/committee/atsia/communitystores/report/Front%20pages.pdf

[241] Queensland Health, Official Transcript, 31 August 2009, p. 19.

[242] Queensland Health, Official Transcript, 31 August 2009, p. 19 and Professor Whittaker, Australian Centre for International and Tropical Health, Official Transcript, 11 September 2009, p. 42.

Chapter 3 Committee delegation visit to Papua New Guinea -

[1] From 2007 World Bank report Strategic Directions for Human Development in Papua New Guinea, in written briefing materials provided to Committee delegation by PNG Medical School on site visit, 7 October 2009.

[2] World Vision Submission no. 11, p.1.

[3] 2007 World Bank report Strategic Directions for Human Development in Papua New Guinea in Written briefing material provided to delegation by Medical School at site visit, 7 October 2009.

[4] Prof.Wronski, Official Transcript, 31 August 2009, p. 3.

[5] Prof.Wronski, Official Transcript, 31 August 2009, p. 3.

[6] Assoc. Prof. Maguire, Submission no. 2, http://www.aph.gov.au/house/committee/haa/pacifichealth/subs/sub002.pdf

[7] Carbon sinks are natural or man-made systems that absorb and store carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, such as trees, plants and the ocean. Source: Victorian Government glossary, http://www.vcc.vic.gov.au/2008vcs/glossary.htm It is thought that carbon sinks can moderate the rate and reduce the ultimate impacts of climate change resulting from human-generated emissions of CO2. Source: University of Connecticut, http://spirit.lib.uconn.edu/~mboyer/ms2001-02glossary.html

[8] More information on the International Carbon Initiative can be found on the website of the Australian Department of Climate Change, http://www.climatechange.gov.au/government/initiatives/international-forest-carbon-initiative/

[9] National Department of Health website, http://www.health.gov.pg/

[10] Note that the Ministry of Health is responsible for the construction, operation and maintenance of supply systems in rural areas.

[11] Save the Children PNG website, http://www.savethechildren.org.au/current-programs/papua-new-guinea/160-health-and-well-being.html and AusAID written briefing material provided to Committee delegation.

[12] According to ADB statistics, some 53.5 per cent of people in PNG live below the poverty line (2005), http://www.adb.org/papuanewguinea/country-info.asp

[13] Leunig and Farmer Eye Care, http://www.leunigandfarmereyecare.com.au/makingadifference.php/1/308

[14] Source: Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol_Kidu

[15] Typhoid is a bacterial illness transmitted by the ingestion of food or water contaminated with faeces from an infected person. Source: Wikipedia.

[16] Personal communication from AusAID PNG Post, 15/02/09.

[17] Personal communication from AusAID PNG Post, 15/02/09.

Chapter 4 Committee delegation visit to Solomon Islands

[1] Personal communication from AusAID (figures an approximate), 15/02/2010.

[2] Personal communication from AusAID (figures an approximate), 15/02/2010.

[3] AusAID website, http://www.ausaid.gov.au/country/country.cfm?CountryID=16

[4] WHO website, http://www.who.int/countries/slb/en/

[5] ADB website, http://www.adb.org/SolomonIslands/mdg.asp

[6] Submission no. 6 from the Solomon Islands High Commission, http://www.aph.gov.au/house/committee/haa/pacifichealth/subs/sub006.pdf

[7] Submission no. 6 from the Solomon Islands High Commission, http://www.aph.gov.au/house/committee/haa/pacifichealth/subs/sub006.pdf

[8] National Parliament of Solomon Islands website, http://www.parliament.gov.sb/index.php?q=node/238

[9] National Parliament of Solomon Islands website, http://www.parliament.gov.sb/files/committees/SpecialSelectCommittee/Committee%20Report.pdf

[10] Legislative Council, Business Plan 2009-2010, Capacity building to strengthen parliamentary democracy in the Asia-Pacific, http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/web/common.nsf/cbe381f08171c2e8ca256fca007d6044/86277602f641a1fbca2575c400234593/$FILE/Business%20Plan%202009-2011%20Strengthen%20parliamentary%20democracy%E2%80%A6.pdf

[11] See AusAID website for details, http://www.ausaid.gov.au/scholar/alafellow.cfm

[12] Personal communication from Ausaid Post in Solomon Islands, 18/02/2010.

[13] A cold-chain is a temperature controlled supply chain. An unbroken cold chain is an uninterrupted series of storage and distribution activities which maintain a given temperature range. It is used to help extend the shelf life of products including pharmaceutical drugs. Source: Wikipedia.

[14] At the Canberra roundtable Health said the aim of the network is to support health system governance and the development and implementation of sound and effective health policies within the region. The network promotes a partnership and technical exchanges between health officials through a policy partnerships initiative and middle managers program, Department of Health, Official Transcript, 11 September 2009, p. 7.

Appendix A - Port Moresby Declaration

[1] AusAID website, http://www.ausaid.gov.au/country/PortMorDec.cfm