| Standing Joint Committee on Migration

Footnotes

Chapter 1 Introduction

[1]       Parliamentary Joint Standing Committee on Migration, Ms Maria Vamvakinou MP and Mrs Louise Markus MP, ‘Inquiry into Multiculturalism in Australia’, Media Release, 17 February 2011.

Chapter 2 Multiculturalism—an overview

[1]       Department of Immigration and Citizenship (DIAC), Submission 450, p. 5.

[2]       Centre for Dialogue, La Trobe University, Submission 386, pp. 1–3, and see for example H Reynolds, North of Capricorn: the Untold Story of Australia’s North, Allen and Unwin, 2003.

[3]       Centre for Dialogue, Submission 386, pp. 1–2, and Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS)

3412.0 - Migration, Australia, 2009-10: History of the Overseas Born < www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/
abs@.nsf/Products/1197BC920F1A28E5CA2578B00011976A?opendocument> viewed 26 June 2012.

[4]       DIAC, Fact Sheet 2 – Key Facts in Immigration <www.immi.gov.au/media/fact-sheets/02key.htm#a> viewed 26 June 2012.

[5]       DIAC, Submission 450, p. 23.

[6]       DIAC, Immigration Update 2009–2010, 2010; DIAC, Immigration update July to December 2011, 2012; DIAC, Trends in Migration: Australia 2010 – 11 Annual submission to the OECD’s Continuous Reporting System of Migration (SOPEMI), 2012 < www.immi.gov.au/media/publications/
statistics/trends-in-migration/trends-in-migration-2010-11.pdf> viewed 2 August 2012.

[7]       Australia, with 28.6 per cent of the population born overseas, was preceded by Singapore
(40.7 per cent) and Hong Kong (38.8 per cent) and followed by New Zealand (22.4 per cent) and Canada (21.3 per cent) in ABS, Table 4.1 Proportion of Overseas-Born, Selected Countries.

[8]       Australian Government, The People of Australia: Australia’s Multicultural Policy, 2011, p. 2.

[9]       ABS, Re: 2011 Census of Population and Housing, Media Release–National, C60, 2 June 2012.

[10]     Australian Government, The People of Australia: Australia’s Multicultural Policy, 2011, p. 2.

[11]     Professor Joseph Camilleri, Centre for Dialogue, Committee Hansard, 29 March 2011, p. 73.

[12]     ABS Table 1: 9 Religious Affiliation–Australia: 2001 and 2006 Census <www.omi.wa.gov.au
/components/statistics/wapeople2006/sect1/table_1-9.pdf> viewed 2 August 2012.

[13]     DIAC, Submission 450, p. 4.

[14]     F Galbally, Migrant Services and Programs: Report of the View of Post-Arrival Programs and Services to Migrants, April 1978, in DIAC, Submission 450, p. 5.

[15]     Cited in Prof Graeme Hugo, Director, Australian Population and Migration Research Centre, University of Adelaide, Submission 505, pp. 3–4.

[16]     For a timeline and discussion see Submission 274.

[17]     Department of the Parliamentary Library, ‘Multiculturalism: a Review of Australian Policy Statements and Recent Debates in Australia and Overseas’, Research Paper No. 6, 2010–11, p. 2.

[18]     Department of the Parliamentary Library, ‘Multiculturalism: a Review of Australian Policy Statements and Recent Debates in Australia and Overseas’, Research Paper No. 6, 2010–11, p. 8, and see United Nations Treaty Collection <treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src
=TREATY &mtdsg_no=IV-2&chapter=4&lang=en> viewed 5 September 2012.

[19]     Respectively the Advisory Council on Multicultural Affairs in 1987, reconvened as the National Multicultural Advisory Council in 1994, succeeded by the Council for Multicultural Australia in 2000, see DIAC, Submission 450, p. 5.

[20]     Department of the Parliamentary Library, ‘Multiculturalism: a Review of Australian Policy Statements and Recent Debates in Australia and Overseas’, Research Paper No. 6, 2010–11, pp. 12 –13; and see Dr James Jupp AM, Submission 100, p. 2; Australian National University (ANU) College of Law, Submission 396, p. 4; Prof G Hugo, Submission 505, p. 1.

[21]     For example, Cosmopolitan Civil Societies Research Centre, Prof Andrew Jakubowicz, Submission 420, p. 5; Dr Christina Ho, Cosmopolitan Civil Societies Research Centre, Committee Hansard, 23 February 2012, p. 37; Prof G Hugo, Submission 505, p. 10 and in Committee Hansard, April 2012, p. 1.

[22]     For example, under the Charter of Public Service in a Culturally Diverse Society and the Access and Equity Strategy.

[23]     Community Relations Commission and Principles of Multiculturalism Act 2000 (NSW); Multicultural Victoria Act 2011; South Australian Multicultural and Ethnic Affairs Commission Act 1980.

[24]     DIAC, ‘Citizenship Facts and Statistics’ <www.citizenship.gov.au/learn/facts-and-stats/> viewed 23 May 2012.

[25]     DIAC, Annual Report 2011–12: Outcome 6, p. 276 < www.immi.gov.au/about/reports/
annual/2011-12/pdf/2011-12-diac-annual-report.pdf> viewed 28 November 2012.

[26]     D Smith, J Wykes, S Jayarajah and T Fabijanic, Citizenship in Australia, paper prepared for DIAC, ‘Naturalisation and the Socio-Economic Integration of Immigrants and their Children’, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Seminar, October 2010, p. 22 <www.immi.gov.au/media/publications/research/citizenship-in-australia-2011.pdf> viewed 4 September 2012.

[27]     DIAC, Submission 450, p. 4.

[28]     For more detail on visas within these programs see DIAC, Submission 450, pp. 25–34.

[29]     DIAC, Annual Report 2011-12: Outcome 1, p. 56; and Outcome 2, p. 111.

[30]     DIAC, 2011-12 Migration Program Report, Program Year to 30 June 2012, pp. 5–6.

[31]     DIAC, Annual Report 2011–12: Outcome 1, pp. 43-45.

[32]     Outcome 2, DIAC Annual Report 2010-11<www.immi.gov.au/about/reports/annual/
2010-11/html/outcome-2/> viewed 28 November 2012, and DIAC Annual Report 2011-12: Outcome 2, p. 111.

[33]     DIAC Annual Report 2011–12: Outcome 2, p. 112.

[34]     DIAC, Annual Report 2011–12: Outcome 2, p. 113; 218; Acting Secretary’s Review, p. 10.

[35]     OECD, Part 1: ‘Trends in International Migration Flows and the Immigration Population’, International Migration Outlook 2012, p. 39.

[36]     See Table Submission 450, Appendix D and see DIAC: Trends in Migration: Australia 2010–11, SOPEMI, Table 4.2 Humanitarian Program Visa Grants 2010-11: Top Five Source Countries, p. 53.

[37]     DIAC, Submission 450, p. 2; AMAC, Submission 399, paras 25, 27; Refugee Council of Australia (RCOA), Submission 416, p. 7.

[38]     See DIAC, Submission 450, p. 4 and see ‘Secretary’s Review’, DIAC Annual Report 2010–11 <www.immi.gov.au/about/reports/annual/2010-11/html/secretarys-review/secretarys-review.htm> viewed at 9 July 2012.

[39]     DIAC, Submission 450, p. 24.

[40]     DIAC, Submission 450, pp. 24; 32 and see Prof G Hugo, Submission 505, p. 6.

[41]     Permanent migration numbers increased by about nine per cent in Australia in 2010 compared to 2007. In the OECD they went down on average by 14 per cent over the same period. Permanent migration inflows to Australia were 0.9 per cent of the total population but on average 0.5 per cent went to Europe. Moreover, permanent migration in Australia represented close to 40 per cent of all new entries into the working-age population in 2010, higher than the OECD average of 28 per cent. See OECD International Migration Outlook 2012 Country Note: Australia <www.oecd.org/els/internationalmigrationpoliciesanddata/IMO%202012_
country%20note_AUS_linked.pdf> viewed 6 July 2012.

[42]     OECD International Migration Outlook 2012, ‘IV Country Notes: Australia, Recent Changes in Migration Movements and Policies’, p. 210 <www.oecd.org/australia/Australia_country_
note.pdf>viewed 20 July 2012.

[43]     Almost half of OECD countries will experience population ageing. See OECD, ‘Part 2: Renewing the Skills of Ageing Workforces: the Role of Immigration’, OECD, International Migration Outlook 2012, viewed 10 July 2012.

[44]     Australian Government, The People of Australia: Australia’s Multicultural Policy, 2011, referred to in DIAC, Submission 450, p. 6, and see Appendix A.

[45]     Australian Multicultural Advisory Council (AMAC), The People of Australia: the Australian Multicultural Advisory Council’s Statement on Cultural Diversity and Recommendations to Government, April 2010, and see DIAC: AMAC, Submission 399, paras 7-11.

[46]     The Government re-appointed the Council for a second term from 1 July 2010 to 30 June 2011 see DIAC: AMAC, Submission 399, p. 1.

[47]     AMAC at DIAC <www.immi.gov.au/about/stakeholder-engagement/national/advisory/
amac/> viewed 10 August 2012.

[48]     DIAC, Submission 450, p. 6.

[49]     Drawn from Australian Government, The People of Australia: Australia’s Multicultural Policy, 2011, p. 5.

[50]     Australian Government, The People of Australia: Australia’s Multicultural Policy, 2011, pp. 7–8.

[51]     Including: Migrant Resource North West Inc., Submission 8, p. 1; City of Ballarat, Submission 356, p. 3; Centre for Dialogue, Submission 386, pp. 7–8; Diversity Health Institute , Submission 412, p. 1; Northern Territory Government, Submission 439, City of Canterbury, Submission 440, p. 2; Maribyrnong City Council, Submission 453, Australian Greek Welfare Society (AGWS), Submission 468, p. 3. Monash City Council, Submission 469; Migrant Resource Centre (Southern Tas) Inc. Submission 498, p. 3

[52]     Multicultural Development Association (MDA), Submission 421, p. 8.

[53]     Cosmopolitan Civil Societies Research Centre, Prof A Jakubowicz, Submission 420, p. 2.

[54]     Dr J Jupp AM, Submission 100, pp. 3–5; Settlement Council of Australia (SCoA), Submission 401, p. 2; and Prof Hugo, Director, Australian Population and Migration Centre, University of Adelaide, Committee Hansard, 2 April 2011, p. 5.

[55]     AMAC, Submission 399, para. 11, see also Australian Refugee and Women’s Alliance (AIRWA), Submission 425, p. 7, and National Ethnic Disability Association (NEDA), Submission 117, p. 7, which asked for non-government representation in the AMC membership.

[56]     Dr J Jupp AM, Submission 100, pp. 3–5.

[57]     See for example, Mr Max Fofo Folly, Mr Sidique Bah, Mentors, and Mr Phil Allan, Senior Policy Officer, Multicultural Communities Council of South Australia, Committee Hansard,
28 July 2011, pp. 8–9; Ms Heather Muirhead, Manager, Limestone Coast Migrant Resource Centre, Committee Hansard, 29 July 2011, p. 17.

[58]     For example, Ethnic Communities Council of Queensland (ECCQ), Submission 86, p. 2 , Fairfield Council, Submission 115, p. 1; Fairfield Migrant Interagency (FMI), Submission 345, p. 1; Multicultural Youth Advocacy Network (Australia), Submission 392, p. 3; City of Darebin, Submission 394, p. 7; AMAC, Submission 399, para. 13; Cosmopolitan Civil Societies Research Centre, Prof A Jakubowicz, Submission 420, p. 6 , Australia Greek Welfare, Submission 468, p. 3.

[59]     Conrad Gershevitch, Amareswar Galla and Maria Dimopolous, Submission 455, p. 2.

[60]     NSW Department of Education and Communities, Submission 135, p. 9; Cosmopolitan Civil Societies Research Centre, Submission 420, p. 1, C Gershevitch, A Galla and M Dimopolous, Submission 455, p. 1.

[61]     F Galbally, Migrant Services and Programs: Report of the View of Post-arrival Programs and Services to Migrants, April 1978, pp. 1–2.

Chapter 3 The anti-racism framework and multiculturalism

[1]       Australian Multicultural Advisory Council (AMAC), Submission 399, para. 25.

[2]       Government of Tasmania, Submission 441, p. 6; Cosmopolitan Civil Societies Research Centre, Professor Andrew Jakubowicz, Submission 420, p. 3; Australian Education Union— Federal Office (AEU), Submission 419, p. 3, and Exhibit 8.

[3]       Department of Immigration and Citizenship (DIAC), Submission 450, p. 6.

[4]       See, for example, objects of the Australian Institute of Multicultural Affairs Act 1979 (Cth); Hon. Malcolm Fraser, ‘Multiculturalism: Australia’s Unique Achievement’, Inaugural Speech to the Australian Institute of Multicultural Affairs, 1981 < www.multiculturalaustralia.edu.au/
doc/fraser_1.pdf> viewed 17 September 2012.

[5]        In particular, the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD), The International Convention on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR).

[6]       Australian Human Rights Commission (AHRC), National Anti-Racism Partnership and Strategy Discussion Paper, March 2012, <www.humanrights.gov.au/antiracism/discussion_paper/
NARPS_2012_Discussion_Paper%20FINAL.pdf> viewed 17 July 2012.

[7]       AHRC, National Anti-Racism Partnership and Strategy Discussion Paper, March 2012, <www.humanrights.gov.au/antiracism/discussion_paper/NARPS_2012_
Discussion_Paper%20FINAL.pdf> viewed 17 July 2012.

[8]       AHRC, Race Vilification Laws in Australian, Race Discrimination Unit, HREOC, October 2002 <www.hreoc.gov.au/racial_discrimination/cyberracism/vilification.html#32> viewed 30 July 2012.

[9]       Recommendation 3, AMAC, The People of Australia: the Australian Multicultural Advisory Council’s Statement on Cultural Diversity and Recommendations to Government, April 2010, p. 18, and see AHRC, National Anti-Racism Partnership and Strategy Discussion Paper, March 2012, p. 4.

[10]     AHRC, National Anti-Racism Partnership and Strategy Discussion Paper, March 2012, viewed 17 July 2012.

[11]     Committee Hansard, 23 February 2012, p. 2.

[12]     Being the Australian Multicultural Council (AMC), DIAC, the Attorney-General’s Department and the Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs (FaHCSIA) with the National Congress of Australia’s First Peoples and the Federation of Ethnic Communities’ Councils of Australia (FECCA) as non-government members. See Committee Hansard, 23 February 2012, p. 2.

[13]     DIAC, Immigration update July to December 2011, 2012; DIAC, Trends in Migration: Australia 2010—20 11 Annual submission to the OECD’s Continuous Reporting System of Migration, 2012.

[14]     In 2011–12 China was the top source of foreign students in Australia see DIAC, Annual Report 2011–12, Outcome 1, p. 77 and OECD, International Migration Outlook: Recent Changes in Migration Movements and Policies: IV Country Notes: Australia < www.oecd.org/migration/imo >viewed 6 July 2012.

[15]     DIAC, Submission 450, Appendix D.

[16]     DIAC: Trends in Migration: Australia 2010–11, Annual Submission to the OECD’s SOPEMI, Table 4.2 Humanitarian Program Visa Grants 2010–11: Top Five Source Countries’, p. 53.

[17]     Dr James Jupp AM, Committee Hansard, 14 September 2011, p. 12; Ms Rikki Bartels, Deputy Chair, Settlement Council of Australia (SCoA), Committee Hansard, 17 June 2011, p. 19;
Miss Shiyavanthi Johnpillai, Project Officer, Refugees, Survivors and Ex-Detainees (RISE), Committee Hansard, 26 October 2011, p. 15.

[18]     For instance, Dr J Jupp AM, Submission 100, p. 5; Refugee Council of Australia (RCOA), Submission 416, p. 2; AEU, Submission 419, pp. 3–4; Cosmopolitan Civil Societies Research Centre, Prof A Jakubowicz, Submission 420, p. 3.

[19]     Committee Hansard, 15 June 2012, p. 9.

[20]     Curtin Centre for Human Rights Education, Curtin University, Submission 426, p. [1].

[21]     In 2009 the Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet (PM&C) endorsed the Social Inclusion Board’s Measurement and Reporting Framework to assess and collate data on social disadvantage and social Inclusion. PM&C, Submission 82, p. 3.

[22]     The Scanlon Foundation conducts sample population mapping and produces the annual Scanlon Monash Index of Social Cohesion, see Scanlon Foundation Social Cohesion Research Program, Monash University, <www.scanlonfoundation.org.au/research.html> viewed 12 July 2012.

[23]     The Challenging Racism Project has measured the national prevalence of racism and racist attitudes in Australia over a 12 year period, see Challenging Racism: the Anti-Racism Research Project <www.uws.edu.au/social_sciences/soss/research/challenging_racism/
findings_by_region> viewed 2 August 2012.

[24]     The Challenging Racism Project found that over 86 per cent of those surveyed are positive and felt secure about cultural diversity, viewed 2 August 2012 and see Scanlon Research 2009, PM&C, Submission 82, p. 3.

[25]     Random telephone sampling conducted among 2000 people see Mapping Social Cohesion 2011 Report, Summary of Key Findings <www.scanlonfoundation.org.au/mappingofsocial cohesion 2011.html>; Fact Sheet 5 SMI: the Scanlon-Monash Index of Social Cohesion, September 2011
< www.arts.monash.edu.au/mapping-population/-documents/social-cohesion-fact-sheet.pdf>

[26]     Challenging Racism Project data cited in AHRC, National Anti-Racism Partnership and Strategy Discussion Paper, March 2012, viewed 17 July 2012, and see University of Western Sydney, Challenging Racism, viewed 2 August 2012.

[27]     Committee Hansard, 23 February 2012, p. 4.

[28]     In 2012, 23 per cent of respondents considered boat arrivals should not be eligible for permanent settlement and 25 per cent were negative towards Muslims, 23 per cent (marginally lower than in 2010–11) towards people from Iraq and Lebanon, while 19 per cent were negative towards the Sudanese, and 12 per cent towards Ethiopians and the Congolese. See Prof A Markus, Mapping Social Cohesion: the Scanlon Foundation Surveys National Report 2012, Monash University, 2012, pp. 2­, 3. <www.arts.monash.edu.au/mapping-population/--documents/mapping-social-cohesion-national-report-2012.pdf> viewed October 2012.

[29]     Multicultural Development Association (MDA), Submission 421, p. 8.

[30]     The Refugee Council of Australia (RCOA), Submission 416, p. 2.

[31]     Mr Ikebal Patel, President, Australian Federation of Islamic Councils (AFIC), Committee Hansard, 17 June 2012, p. 4. See also Centre for Dialogue, Submission 386, p. 6; Dr Jupp AM, Committee Hansard, 14 September 2011, p. 12.

[32]     Submission 2, p. 8.

[33]     See, for example, Endeavour Foundation, Submission 205; Australian Defense League, Submission 252; Salt Shakers Inc., Submission 253; Family Council of Victoria, Submission 299; Q Society of Australia Inc., Submission Pluralists for a Referendum, Submission 479; and see submissions 29, 259, 335, 366, 376, 512.

[34]     Mr Peter Stokes, Chief Executive Officer, Salt Shakers Inc., Committee Hansard, 8 June 2012, p. 23.

[35]     Mrs Babette Francis, National and Overseas Coordinator, Endeavour Forum, Committee Hansard, 8 June 2012, pp. 1–2, and see Submissions 240, 241, 373, 437, 506.

[36]     See Mr Stokes, Salt Shakers Inc. and Mr Andrew Horwood, Media Representative, Q Society of Australia Inc., Committee Hansard, 8 June 2012, pp. 26–28; p. 42, respectively, and for example submissions 17, 50, 65, 133, 181, 233, 254, 250, 256, 287, 299, 302, 323, 335, 463, 510, 512.

[37]     Submission 302, p. 8.

[38]     Committee Hansard, 8 June 2012, pp. 33–34.

[39]     Prof A Jakubowicz, ‘Cultural Diversity, Cosmopolitan Citizenship and Education: Issues, Options and Implications for Australia’, A discussion paper prepared for the AEU, July 2009, p. 3, and see Mr Migliorino, FECCA, Committee Hansard,15 June 2012, p. 9.

[40]     Executive Council of Australian Jewry Inc. Submission 46, p. 2.

[41]     Committee Hansard, 14 September 2011, p. 10.

[42]     Dr Jupp AM, Committee Hansard, 14 September 2011, p. 11.

[43]     The Refugee Council of Australia (RCOA), Submission 416, p. 2.

[44]     Research by Springvale Monash Legal Service, the Victorian Equal Opportunity Commissions and the Australian Research Council, in National Ethnic and Multicultural Broadcasters Council (NEMBC), Supplementary submission 488.1, pp. 6–7.

[45]     NEMBC, Supplementary submission 488.1, pp. 3–4.

[46]     Committee Hansard, 26 October 2011, pp. 10–11.

[47]     NEMBC, Supplementary Submission 488.1 and Attachment, pp. 7–8.

[48]     Australian Government, Report of the Independent Inquiry into the Media and Media Regulation,  Report to the Minister for Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy (Finkelstein report), 28 February 2012.

[49]     In the Government’s Convergence Review Committee’s Convergence Review Final Report (April 2012) response to the Finkelstein report. Both reports are currently under consideration, See <www.dbcde.gov.au/digital_economy/independent_media_inquiry> viewed 14 November 2012. Ref: NEMBC Supplementary Submission 488.1 and attachment, pp. 8–9, 10.

[50]      Queensland, Victoria and Tasmania also address religious vilification. See AHRC, Race Vilification Laws in Australian, Race Discrimination Unit, HREOC, October 2002 <www.hreoc.
gov.au/racial_discrimination/cyberracism/vilification.html#32> viewed 30 July 2012.

[51]     The Australian Constitution s 7 and s 24 establish responsible government, and the implied freedom of expression in public affairs necessary for the people’s election of the government. Ref: Australian Capital Television v Commonwealth (ACTV Case (1992) in M Castan, ‘The High Court and the Freedom of Political Communication’, Castan Centre for Human Rights Law, December 2010 <//castancentre.com/2010/12/05/the-high-court-and-the-freedom-of-political-communication/> viewed 14 September 2012.

[52]     K Gelber, ‘Hate Speech in Australia: Emerging Questions’, University of New South Wales Law Journal 861[2005] UNSW LawJl 52; (2005) 28(3) <www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/
UNSWLJ/2005/52.html> viewed 1 August 2012.

[53]     See AHRC, Guide to the Racial Hatred Act < www.hreoc.gov.au/racial_discrimination /racial_hatred_act/index.html> viewed 3 September 2012.

[54]     The Federal vilification law does not itself carry criminal penalties. Complaints under the race hatred act may be made to the AHRC commission, and pursued under s.18 of the Race Discrimination Act 1975, if informal resolution is not satisfactory.

[55]     Ref: Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal, Islamic Council of Victoria v Catch the Fire Ministries Inc. (Final) (2005) EOC 93 -377.

[56]     Ref: Racial and Religious Tolerance Act 2001 (Vic), s.8. The case went to the Supreme Court on appeal, See Committee Hansard, 8 June 2012, p. 23.

[57]     Committee Hansard, 26 October 2011, p. 20.

[58]     Australia/Israel and Jewish Affairs Council (AIJAC), Submission 46, p. 9.

[59]     Commonwealth Criminal Code Act 1995 (compilation 2012) and Chapter 10, Offences against Political Liberty, Criminal Code Act Compilation Act 1913 (WA), < www.slp.wa.gov.au/
legislation/statutes.nsf/main_mrtitle_218_homepage.html> viewed 3 September 2012;
Ref: AIJAC, Submission 46, p. 10.

[60]     Committee Hansard, 23 February 2012, p. 5.

[61]     Committee Hansard, 23 February 2012, p. 5.

[62]     Committee Hansard, 23 February 2012, pp. 5–6.

[63]     The Australian GLBTIQ (Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender, Intersex and Queer) Multicultural Council requested that diversity in gender and sexual expression also be taken into account. See Submission 464, p. 2.

[64]     Australian Immigrant and Refugee Women’s Alliance (AIRWA), Submission 425, p. 5.

[65]     National Ethnic Disability Alliance (NEDA), Submission 117, p. 4. The Government’s response to the Committee’s report Enabling Australia: Inquiry into the Migration Treatment of Disability (2010) is discussed below.

[66]     Committee Hansard, 23 February 2012, p. 4.

[67]     Conrad Gershevitch, Amareswar Galla and Maria Dimopolous, Submission 455, p. 6; and see AIRWA, Submission 425, p. 5.

[68]     VicHealth, Submission 480, p. 4.

[69]     VicHealth, Ethnic and Race-based Discrimination, 2008, cited in Centre for Culture, Ethnicity and Health (CEH), Submission 300, p. 4.

[70]     University of Western Sydney, Challenging Racism: the Anti-Racism Research Project, National Level Findings 2001–2008, cited in Employment Action for Cultural Diversity (EACD), Submission 417, pp. 6, 7 and see Beyondblue, ‘Beyondblue: The Way Forward 2005-2010’ cited in CEH, Submission 300, p. 3.

[71]     Ms Vivi Germanos–Koutsounadis, Chair, AIRWA, Committee Hansard, 12 October, 2012,
pp. 2, 4.

[72]     Mr Dominic Hong Duc Golding, Art Projects Coordinator, RISE (Refugees, Survivors and
 Ex-Detainees), Committee Hansard, 26 October 2012, p. 15.

[73]     The Australian Federation of Islamic Councils (AFIC), Submission 341, p. 4.

[74]     AHRC, ‘I Want Respect and Equality: A Summary of Consultations with Civil Society on Racism in Australia, 2001 <www.hreoc.gov.au/racial_discrimination/consultations/consultations.html> viewed 17 July 2012.

[75]     Committee Hansard, 29 March 2011, pp. 26, 32, 34.

[76]     See also Ms Heba Ibrahim, Assistant Secretary, Executive Committee, AFIC, Committee Hansard, 17 June 2011, pp. 2–3; Ms Germanos-Koutsounadis, AIRWA, Committee Hansard,
12 October 2011, p. 2; Miss Shiyavanthi Johnpillai, Project Officer, RISE, Committee Hansard,
26 October 2011, p. 15.

[77]     Committee Hansard, 29 March 2011, p. 40.

[78]     SCoA Submission 401, p. 4; MDA, Submission 421, p. 42; Employment Action for Cultural Diversity (EACD), Submission 417, p. 5; Monash City Council, Submission 469, p. 7; and see Ms Fiona Caniglia, Policy and Advisor Officer, Ethnic Communities Council of Queensland, (ECCQ), Committee Hansard, 11 July 2011, p. 4.

[79]     EACD, Submission 417, p. 6

[80]     AFIC, Submission 341, p. 4.

[81]     VicHealth, Submission 480, pp. 8–9 and see CEH, Submission 300, p. 4.

[82]     VicHealth, Submission 480, pp. 8–9.

[83]     VicHealth, Submission 480, p. 5.

[84]      Ms Clare Hargreaves, Manager, Social Policy, and Mr Con Pagonis, Multicultural Policy Adviser, Municipal Association of Victoria (MAV), Committee Hansard, 3 February 2012, pp. 37, 39–40.

[85]     Mr Bruce Meagher, Director, Strategy and Communication, Special Broadcasting Service (SBS), Committee Hansard, Sydney, 17 June 2011, p. 20; Dr Jupp AM, Committee Hansard, 14 September 2011, p. 11.

[86]     Committee Hansard, 23 February 2012, p. 4.

[87]     Mrs Nkrumah, African Women Australia Inc., Committee Hansard, 24 October 2011, p. 20.

[88]     Committee Hansard, 2 February 2012, p. 10.

[89]     Greek Orthodox Community of Melbourne and Victoria, Submission 114, p. 4.

[90]     Mr Pino Migliorino, Chair, Federation of Ethnic Communities Councils of Australia (FECCA), Committee Hansard, 15 June, p. 8; Dr Christine Ho and Prof Peter Collins, Cosmopolitan Civil Societies Research Centre, Committee Hansard, 23 February 2012, pp. 37, 39. Data is not kept on dual citizenship; however DIAC estimated that four to five million people were dual citizens in Australia in 2000.          See Current Issues Brief, Dual Citizenship in Australia, No. 5, 2000–01, Department of Parliamentary Library, November 2000, p. 5.

[91]     ANU (Australian National University) College of Law, Submission 353, pp. 1, 4.

[92]     For example, Prof A Jakubowicz, ‘Cultural Diversity, Cosmopolitan Citizenship and Education: Issues, Options and Implications for Australia’, A discussion paper prepared for the AEU, July 2009, p. 1.

[93]     Multicultural Gambling Service of NSW, Submission 351, p. [1].

[94]     Ms Nadine Liddy, National Co-ordinator, Multicultural Youth Advocacy Network, Committee Hansard, 3 February 2012, pp. 22, 23.

[95]     Mr Ape Leulumoega Sofara, Samoan community and Church leader, Committee Hansard,
8 June 2012, p. 12, and for detail on access to Medicare and student assistance see United Voice of Pacific Island Communities, Submission 506.

[96]     Ms Bartels, SCoA, Committee Hansard, 17 June 2011, p. 17.

[97]     Committee Hansard, 24 October 2011, p. 21.

[98]     Mr Golding, RISE, Committee Hansard, 26 October 2011, p. 12; Ms El Matrah, IWWCV, Committee Hansard, 29 March 2011, p. 44 and see Melbourne Fringe, Submission 466, Cultural Infusion Ltd, Submission 424, p. 3.

[99]     Ms Debbie Killian, Manager, Community Library and Social Services, Parramatta City Council and see Mr Carlos Encina, Manager, New South Wales Spanish and Latin American Association for Social Assistance (SLASA), Committee Hansard, 24 October 2011, pp. 1, 12.

[100]   Mr Phil Allan, Senior Policy Officer, Multicultural Communities Council of South Australia (MCCSA) Committee Hansard, 28 July 2011, pp. 8–11.

[101]   Mr Max Fofo Folly and Mr Sidique Bah, Mentors, MCCSA, Committee Hansard, 28 July 2011, pp. 8–9.

[102]   Committee Hansard, 26 October 2011, p. 10.

[103]   Committee Hansard, 24 October 2011, p. 19.

[104]   Public consultation from March to late July 2012, see AHRC, National Anti-Racism Partnership and Strategy Discussion Paper, March 2012, viewed 17 July 2012.

[105]   AHRC, National Anti-Racism Partnership and Strategy, July 2012, p. 2.

[106]   AHRC, National Anti-Racism Strategy, July 2012.

[107]   AHRC, National Anti-Racism Strategy, July 2012, pp. 6, 10.

[108]   For example, FECCA, Submission 175, p. 4; Darebin City Council, Submission 394, p. 13; SCoA Submission 401, p. 4; Fairfield Migrant Resource Centre (FMRC), Submission 404, p. 1; RCOA, Submission 416, p. 2; United Nations Association of Australia (Victoria), Submission 413, p. 6; MDA, Submission 421, p. 15; AIRWA Submission 425, p. 9; The Australian Psychological Society, Submission 422, p. 4.

[109]   Cosmopolitan Civil Societies Research Centre, Prof Andrew Jakubowicz, Submission 420, p. 5;

[110]   FECCA, Submission 176, p. 16.

[111]   Ms Padma Raman, Executive Director, AHRC, Committee Hansard, 17 June 2011, p. 10.

[112]   Centre for Cultural Ethnicity and Health, Submission 300, p. 4; VicHealth, Submission 480, p. 8‑9.

[113]   Government of South Australia, Submission 470, p. 11.

[114]   For example, Australian Ba’hai Community, Submission 61, p. 4; Liberty Australia, Submission 414, pp. 3-4.

[115]   Government of South Australia, Submission 470, p. 11.

[116]   Centre for Human Rights Education, Submission 426, p. 3; RCOA, Submission 416, p. 2, see also C Gershevitch, A Galla and M Dimopolous, Submission 455, p. 6.

[117]   See for example, Submissions 3, 263, 264, 293, 327.

[118]   Dealing with Diversity Conference, Heads of Churches in Australia, Submission 45, p. 2.

[119]   ANU College of Law, Submission 353, pp. 1, 4.

[120]   See Multicultural Youth Advocacy Network (MYAN), Submission392, p. 5; Australian Youth Affairs Coalition, Submission 392, p. 2; AEU, Submission 419, p. 7;  Australian Psychological Society, Submission 422, p. 2; Cultural Infusion Ltd, Submission 424, p. 2; Submission 352.

[121]   Mr Bruce Meagher, Director, Strategy and Communication, Special Broadcasting Service (SBS), Committee Hansard, 17 June 2011, p. 20.

[122]   Quoted in NEMBC, Supplementary Submission 488.1, pp. 5–6.

[123]   Mr Golding, RISE, Committee Hansard, 26 October 2011, pp. 15–16.

[124]   KommonGround Inc.– Cross Cultural Human Rights Theatre Company, Submission 94,  p. 7.

[125]   Kultour Network, Submission 473, p. 2.

[126]   With VicHealth, the Adult Multicultural Education Service and the Asylum Seeker Resource Centre. See Melbourne Fringe, Submission 465, p. 2.

[127]   Eureka Strategic Research cited in DIAC ‘Living in Harmony Project’ Review, quoted in Prof A Jakubowicz, ‘Cultural Diversity, Cosmopolitan Citizenship and Education: Issues, Options and Implications for Australia’, A discussion paper prepared for the AEU, July 2009, p. 15.

[128]   Commonwealth of Australia, Senate Legal and Constitutional Affairs Legislation Committee, Exposure Draft of the Human Rights and Anti-Discrimination Bill 2012, February 2013.

[129]   Australian Government Response to the Joint Standing Committee on Migration Report: Enabling Australia: Inquiry into the Migration Treatment of Disability, November 2012.

Chapter 4 Religious diversity: questions about Islam

[1]       Professor A Markus, Mapping Social Cohesion: the Scanlon Foundation Surveys National Report 2012, Monash University, 2012, p. 3, <www.arts.monash.edu.au/mapping-population/--documents/mapping-social-cohesion-national-report-2012.pdf> viewed 1 November 2012.

[2]       Around 80 per cent of these submissions, and 30 others, maintained that Australia is a Christian country and should not accommodate other value systems.

[3]       See Appendix C for hearing details and organisations called.

[4]       Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Australian Standard Classification of Religious Groups <www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/2901.0Chapter22902011> 3 September 2012.

[5]       ABS, Australian Standard Classification of Religious Groups <www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/
abs@.nsf/Lookup/2901.0Chapter22902011> 3 September 2012.

[6]       At the time of writing, the ABS had not yet released disaggregated data on religious affiliations recorded in the 2011 Census of Population and Housing.

[7]       ABS Table 1: 9 Religious Affiliation–Australia: 2001 and 2006 Census <www.omi.wa.gov.au/
components/statistics/wapeople2006/sect1/table_1-9.pdf> viewed 2 August 2012.

[8]       ABS Table 1: 9 Religious Affiliation–Australia: 2001 and 2006 Census <www.omi.wa.gov.au/
components/statistics/wapeople2006/sect1/table_1-9.pdf>viewed 2 August 2012.

[9]       Prof A Markus, Mapping Social Cohesion, Scanlon Foundation Surveys Summary Report 2011, Monash University, 2011, p. 33 <www.arts.monash.edu.au/mapping-population/--documents/mapping-social-cohesion-summary-report-2011.pdf> viewed 3 September 2012.

[10]     Prof A Markus, Mapping Social Cohesion, Scanlon Foundation Surveys Summary Report 2011, p. 33, viewed 3 September 2012.

[11]     The Centre for Dialogue, Submission 386, p. 6.

[12]     ABS 3416.0 - Perspectives on Migrants, 2007 <www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/
Lookup/3416.0Main%20Features22007?opendocument&tabname=Summary&prodno=3416.0&issue=2007&num=&view=#Anchor3_0> viewed 6 September 2012.

[13]     The study notes that although the anti-Islam subsample was small (65 responses) findings were consistent with Scanlon 2012 neighbourhood surveys. See Prof A Markus, Mapping Social Cohesion: the Scanlon Foundation Surveys National Report 2012, pp. 2, 3, viewed 1 November 2012.

[14]     New South Wales and Queensland most negative at 28 per cent, Western Australia at 27 per cent, compared with 16 per cent in Victoria. High negativity towards Muslims among those over 65 (over 40 per cent) and Protestants (over 30 per cent). Prof A Markus, Mapping Social Cohesion: the Scanlon Foundation Surveys National Report 2012, p. 3, viewed 1 November 2012.

[15]     For example, Submissions 302 and 380.

[16]     The Australian born had the strongest sense of belonging at 82 per cent, compared with 56 per cent among the overseas born. However, of those arriving since 2000,  88 per cent  of migrants from a non-English speaking background expressed  a sense of belonging to a ‘great’ or ‘moderate extent’, compared with 86 per cent for those from English speaking backgrounds. Prof A Markus, Mapping Social Cohesion: the Scanlon Foundation Surveys National Report 2012, p. 3, viewed 1 November 2012.

[17]     Multicultural Development Association (MDA), Submission 421, p. 8.

[18]     For example, Submissions 20, 45, 46, 149, 153, 181, 196, 199, 200, 202, 236, 240, 241, 258, 285, 302, 325, 355, 360, 364, 371, 380, 386, 419, 420 434, 462, 479, 488 and Christian Democratic Party, Submission 256, p. 2.

[19]     Mr Peter Stokes, Chief Executive Officer, Salt Shakers Inc., Committee Hansard, 8 June 2012, p. 31.

[20]     For example, Submissions 4, 44, 50, 56, 177, 182, 196, 250, 230, 233, 249, 250, 256, 302, 317, 354, 512.

[21]     Submissions 33, 45, 63, 146, 149, 168, 187, 246, 253, 254, 317; Mr Andrew Horwood, Media Representative, Q Society of Australia Inc., Committee Hansard, 8 June 2011, p. 41.

[22]     Submission 21, p. 2.

[23]     Mr Stokes and Mrs Jenny Stokes, Research Officer, Salt Shakers Inc.; Dr Bernard Power, Consultant, The Family Council of Victoria; Mr Julian de Ross, Spokesperson, Australia Defence League, in Committee Hansard, 8 June 2012, pp. 23, 35, 52–54.

[24]     For example, Mrs Stokes, Salt Shakers Inc., Committee Hansard, 8 June 2011, p. 23; Reverend Stefan Slucki, Church and Nation Committee, Presbyterian Church of Australia, Committee Hansard, 28 July 2011, p. 20 and see Submission 4, p. 1; Wangaratta Congregation-Presbyterian Reformed Church Australia, Submission 321.

[25]     For example, Endeavour Forum, Submission 205, Mr Stokes, Salt Shakers Inc., Committee Hansard, 8 June 2011, p. 26; Dr Bernard Power, Consultant, Family Council of Victoria Inc., Committee Hansard, 8 June 2011, p. 36; and references in Australia/Israel and Jewish Affairs Council (AIJAC), Submission 357, p. 2, and Prof Kim Rubenstein, Director, Centre for International Public Law, ANU College of Law, Committee Hansard, 26 October 2011, p. 20.

[26]     Mr Stokes, Salt Shakers Inc., Committee Hansard, 8 June 2012, pp. 22–23.

[27]     Dr Power, Family Council of Victoria; Mr Stokes, Salt Shakers Inc., in Committee Hansard, 8 June 2012, pp. 35, 22–23.

[28]     Q Society of Australia Inc., Supplementary submission 335.2.

[29]     This figure includes submissions from academics and community representatives which discussed Islamic or Shari’ah law.

[30]     Mr Andrew Horward, Media Representative, Q Society of Australia Inc., Committee Hansard, 8 June 2012, p. 42, and see Submission 139, Q Society of Australia and Submissions 65, 323, 335, 405, 434, 476.

[31]     Endeavour Foundation, Submission 205, p. 1.

[32]     Commonwealth Consolidated Acts, Australia’s Constitution, <www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/
cth/consol_act/coaca430/> viewed 14 November 2012.

[33]     For s116 references see Submissions 37, 167, 171, 182, 197, 221, 371, 461 and see Mr de Ross, Australian Defence League, Committee Hansard, 8 June 2012, p. 51.

[34]     For example, Submissions 59, 93, 313, 358, 436.
In the United Kingdom the Arbitration Act 1996 grants all British citizens the right to resolve civil disputes through arbitration. Muslim lawyers have interpreted this as meaning that Sharia courts may act as arbitration panels under the Act. For members of the Jewish faith, this is also seen as allowing a Beth Din (Jewish authority) to similarly provide civil arbitration and religious rulings (Centre for Social Cohesion, The Beth Din: Jewish law in the UK, 2009).

[35]     Submissions 146, 371, 374.

[36]     Islamic Council of Victoria (ICV), Submission 13, p. 1.

[37]     ICV, Submission 13, p. 1.

[38]     Committee Hansard, 21 March 2012, p. 9.

[39]     Ms Diana Rahman, Member, Advisory Board, Bluestar Intercultural Centre, Committee Hansard, 21 March 2012, p. 9, and see the Australian Federation of Islamic Councils (AFIC), Submission 81, p. 2, Islamic Council of Victoria, Submission 511, p. 5.

[40]     AFIC, Submission 81, pp. 2–3.

[41]     Bluestar Intercultural Centre, Submission 511, p. 5.

[42]     Islam’s core legal and ethical sources are the Qur’an, as the given word of God, and the Sunnah, practical rules based on the Prophet Muhammad’s narrations (hadith). See Bluestar Intercultural Centre, Submission 511, pp. 2–3.

[43]     Bluestar Intercultural Centre, Submission 511, p. 5.

[44]     The Millet system. See AFIC, Submission 81, p. 3.

[45]     Bluestar Intercultural Centre, Submission 511, p. 7.

[46]     Also see forced or child marriage, honour killings, and the preference for male children in Bluestar Intercultural Centre, Submission 511, pp. 9–11.

[47]     Ms Heba Ibrahim, Assistant Secretary, Executive Committee, AFIC, Committee Hansard, 17 June 2012, p. 6.

[48]     AFIC, Submission 81, pp. 7–8.

[49]     AFIC, Submission 81, p. 4.

[50]     AFIC, Submission 81, pp. 7–8.

[51]     AFIC, Submission 81, pp. 2, 8; Bluestar Intercultural Centre, Submission 511, p. 11.

[52]     Committee Hansard, 21 March 2012, p. 10.

[53]     Being the ‘minimum degree of toleration that democracy needs from religion and the minimum degree of toleration that religion needs from the state for a polity to be democratic’. Ref: Alfred Stepan in AFIC, Submission 81, p. 8.

[54]     Committee Hansard, 17 June 2012, p. 9.

[55]     Committee Hansard, 17 June 2012, p. 4.

[56]     Fairfield Migrant Resource Centre, Submission 404, p. 5.

[57]     Submissions 18, 181.1, 182, 184, 196, 197, 219, 246, 304, 310, 358, 360, 371, 374, 375, 432, 510 and Q Society, Supplementary submission 335.2.

[58]     AFIC, Submission 81, p. 6.

[59]     Committee Hansard, 17 June 2011, pp. 4–6.

[60]     Submissions 149, 187, 230, 249, 479.

[61]     Committee Hansard, 29 March 2012, p. 50.

[62]     Committee Hansard, 26 October 2011, p. 25.

[63]     See for example, the Hon. Chris Bowen MP, Minister for Immigration and Citizenship, The Australian, 2 February 2012.

[64]     DIAC, Supplementary Submission 450.1, p. 27.

[65]     Ms Ibrahim, AFIC, Committee Hansard, 17 June 2011, pp. 5-6; Ms Rahman, Bluestar Intercultural Centre, Committee Hansard, 21 March 2012, p. 13; Ms El Matrah, IWWCV, Committee Hansard, 9 March 2011, p. 47.

[66]     Ms El Matrah, IWWCV, Committee Hansard, 29 March 2011, p. 47.

[67]     Ms Bidal, Research and Development Officer, IWWCV, Committee Hansard, 29 March 2011, p. 47.

[68]     Bluestar Intercultural Centre, Submission 511, p. 5.

[69]     Ms Ibrahim, Assistant Secretary, AFIC, Committee Hansard, 17 June 2011, pp. 5–6; Ms Rahman, Bluestar Intercultural Centre, Committee Hansard, 21 March 2012, p. 13; Ms El Matrah, IWWCV, Committee Hansard, 29 March 2011, p. 47.

[70]     Dr Jupp AM, Committee Hansard, 14 September 2011, p. 11.

[71]     Committee Hansard, 26 October 2011, p. 25.

[72]     Dealing with Diversity Conference, Submission 45, p. 1.

[73]     Professor A Markus, Mapping Social Cohesion, Scanlon Foundation Surveys Summary Report 2011, p. 33 <www.arts.monash.edu.au/mapping-population/--documents/mapping-social-cohesion-summary-report-2011.pdf> viewed 3 September 2012.

[74]     For a range of views see AFIC, Submission 314, p. 6; Tasmanian Government, Submission 441, p. 7; Bluestar Intercultural Centre, Submission 511, p. 1; and submissions 142, 249, 274, 381, 433, 434.

[75]     Committee Hansard, 28 July 2011; and see South Australian Government, Submission 470, p. 5.

[76]     Submissions 1, 2, 49, 64, 146, 149, 154, 170, 163, 164, 165, 167,170, 177, 181, 183, 184, 192, 194, 196, 203, 208, 213, 217, 218, 223, 224, 271, 286, 310, 372, 373, 376, 378, 381. Senator Cory Bernardi, Submission 77, p. 1; Christian Democratic Party, Submission 256; Q Society of Australia Inc., Submission 355.

[77]     Submission 197 notes that while Australia has around 1.7 per cent of its population identifying as Muslims, England has 100 Sharia law courts at 2.7 per cent, France has now over 750 no-go zones with six per cent and Germany has four per cent, and see Submissions 55, 60, 65, 78, 181, 183, 203, 217, 233, 240, 241, 246, 270, 315, 434.

[78]     Submission 380, p. 2.

[79]     Mr Carlos Encina, Manager, New South Wales Spanish and Latin American Association for Social Assistance, Committee Hansard, 24 October 2011, p. 18; Anja Burkhardt and Markus Seigert, ‘The History of the Gastarbeiter’, Submission 504, pp. 9, 4, and see Submission 144.

[80]     A Burkhardt and M Seigert, Submission 504, p. 10; Dr Olga Bursian,  Submission 389, p. 2; Submission 274, and see the Hon. Chris Bowen MP, Minister for Immigration and Citizenship, ‘The Genius of Australian Multiculturalism’, Speech, Sydney Institute, 17 February 2011 <www.minister.immi.gov.au/media/cb/2011/cb159251.htm > viewed 27 July 2012.

[81]     A Burkhardt and M Seigert, Submission 504, pp. 9, 4.

[82]     Deutschland & Europa, Reihe für Politik, Geschicte, Geografie, Kunst: Migration, Heft 45.3, Auflage 2004, p. 41, cited in A Burkhardt and M Seigert, Submission 504, p. 2; and for dual citizenship see amendments to the German Nationality Act 1913, subject to art. 2 of the Act to implement the EU directive on Highly Qualified Workers, 1 June 2012, s.12.

[83]     Centre for Dialogue, Submission 386, p. 2, and ANU College of Law, Submission 353, p. 1.

[84]     The study found that 10 per cent of the 15 to 64 year-old ethnic Turks born in Germany had no educational qualification, a figure seven times higher than for the native German population in the same age class. See Unutilised Potentials: on the Current State of Immigration in Germany <www.berlin-institut.org/publications/studies/unutilised-potentials.html> accessed 17 July 2012, and quoted in Government of Tasmania, Submission 441, p. 7.

[85]     These include the establishment of German language requirements with provision of language lessons. Another reform is the Charta der Vielfalt (Charter of Diversity) in which companies commit to support employees from migrant backgrounds, see A Burkhardt and M Seigert, Submission 504, p. 3.

[86]     Submissions 181, 18.

[87]     France had the highest number of refugee requests (48 000) followed by the US (43 000), Germany (41 000, an increase of 41 per cent over 2009) and Sweden 32 000 (the main destination in per capita terms). Australia processed 13 799 humanitarian requests over 2010‑11. See OECD, International Migration Outlook: Recent Changes in Migration Movements and Policies: IV Country Notes: Australia <www.oecd.org/migration/imo > viewed 6 July 2012.

[88]     OECD, Part 1: ‘Trends in International Migration Flows and the Immigration Population’, International Migration Outlook 2012, p. 39.

[89]     Tasmanian Government, Submission 441, p. 7.

[90]     Prof Andrew Jakubowicz, Co-Director, Cosmopolitan Civil Societies Research Centre, University of Technology Sydney, Committee Hansard, 23 February 2012, p. 38 and see Prof Joseph Camilleri, Centre for Dialogue, Committee Hansard, 29 March 2011, p. 73.

[91]     Noting the increase in the number of offshore aged parents, ‘anchor’ babies born to temporary visa holders, and care of transnational children travelling with temporary visa holder parents. ANU College of Law, Submission 396, pp. 4–8,  and see Migration Institute of Australia, Submission 91, p. 3.

[92]     A Burkhardt and M Seigert, Submission 504, pp. 4–5.

[93]     Submissions 4, 44, 177, 182, 196, 250, 230, 249, 256, 302, 317, 354.

[94]     Exhibit 16, P Lentini, A Halafoff and E Ogru, Perceptions of Multiculturalism and Security in Victoria, Global Terrorism Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Report to the Department of Premier and Cabinet, State Government of Victoria, January 2009, p. 16.

[95]     Muslims: North-Broadmeadows (13 038), Keilor (4 627), Sunshine (3 269) and Coburg/Moreland (7 772) and south-east in Greater Dandenong (8 667) and Casey (2 959). Buddhists - Broadmeadows and Coburg (2 772); Keilor and Sunshine (14 905); and Greater Dandenong (16 678). Hindus in these areas, or adjoining Kingston (1 298), Monash (2 518) and Whittlesea(1 057). See Exhibit 16, p. 16.

[96]     Exhibit 16, p. 16.

[97]     Australian Greek Welfare Society (AGWS), Submission 468, p. 3; Ms Vivi Germanos‑Koutsounadis, Chair, AIRWA, Committee Hansard, 12 October, 2011, pp. 2, 4.

[98]     The Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations, Submission 474, p. 13.

[99]     ICV, Submission 123, p. 2.

[100]   AFIC, Submission 341, p. 4.

[101]   Committee Hansard, 8 June 2012, p. 42.

[102]   The Centre for Dialogue, Submission 386, p. 6.

[103]   The Centre for Dialogue, Submission 386, p. 11, Dr Colin Rubenstein AM, Committee Hansard, Melbourne, 26 October 2011, p. 21, and AIJAC, Submission 357, p. 5.

[104]   The Yarra Settlement Forum (YSF), Submission 437, p. 3.

[105]   Committee Hansard, 28 July 2012, p. 23.

[106]   Submission 249.

[107]   Committee Hansard, 29 March 2011, p. 76.

[108]    Committee Hansard, 26 October 2011, p. 21, and see Submission 357, p. 5.

[109]   Anglican Church of Australia, Public Affairs Commission Submission 112.

[110]   The Federation of Australian Buddhist Councils of Australia, Submission 125, p. 2.

[111]   Australian Ba’hai Community, Submission 61, p. 5.

[112]    Ms El Matrah, Committee Hansard, 29 March 2012, p. 50.

[113]   City of Darebin, Submission 394, pp. 3, 8.

[114]   Geelong Interfaith Group, Submission 400, pp. 1–2.

[115]    Prof Camilleri, Committee Hansard, 29 March 2011, p. 79.

[116]   The Centre for Dialogue, Submission 386, p. 12.

[117]   Ms Lowe, Assistant Secretary, National Security Policy and Programs Branch, National Security Law and Policy Division, Attorney-General’s Department, Committee Hansard,
14 March 2012, p. 13.

[118]   Attorney-General’s Department, Countering Violent Extremism Unit, Submission 501, pp. 1–2.

[119]   Attorney-General’s Department, Countering Violent Extremism Unit, Submission 501, p. 4.

[120]   Attorney-General’s Department, Countering Violent Extremism Unit, Submission 501,
pp. 1–2, 6, and see Supplementary Submission 501.1, p. 5.

[121]    Endeavour Forum, Submission 205, Mr Stokes, Salt Shakers Inc.; Dr Power, Family Council of Victoria Inc., Committee Hansard, 8 June 2011, pp. 26, 36. Prof. K Rubenstein, Centre for International Public Law, Committee Hansard, 26 October 2011, p. 20.

[122]   Dr Power, Family Council of Victoria; Mr Stokes, Salt Shakers Inc., in Committee Hansard,

8 June 2012, pp. 22-23, 35.

[123]   Ms Rahman, Bluestar Intercultural Centre, Committee Hansard, 21 March 2012, p. 13.

[124]   Committee Hansard, 4 September 2012, p. 13.

[125]   Committee Hansard, 26 October, p. 22.

[126]   Mr Elias Nassif, President, Committee Hansard, 24 October 2011, pp. 34–35.

[127]   Ms El Matrah, IWWCV,Committee Hansard, 29 March 2011, p. 44.

[128]   Conrad Gershevitch, Amareswar Galla and Maria Dimopolous, Submission 455, p. 6 and see AIJAC, Submission 357, p. 4.

[129]   Victorian Government, Submission 482, p. 9.

[130]   Refugee Council of Australia (RCOA), Submission 416, p. 2.

[131]   The Religions, Ethics and Education Network of Australia (REENA), Submission 79, p. 1.

[132]   In providing guidelines for ethical integrity; the appreciation of cultural, linguistic and religious diversity; valuing democracy, justice and equity; cross-cultural competence; contributing to social and cultural environments, and acting as responsible local and global citizens. See C Gershevitch, A Galla and M Dimopolous, Submission 455, p. 6.

[133]   Committee Hansard, 17 June 2012, pp. 3, 6.

[134]   ICV, Submission 13, p. 2.

[135]   Cultural Diversity Services (CDS) Pty Ltd, for data Supplementary Submission 101.1.

[136]   The Centre for Dialogue, Submission 386, p. 9 and CDS Pty Ltd, Submission 10, pp. 1–2.

[137]   Dr J Jupp AM, Submission 100, pp. 6–7.

Chapter 5 Multiculturalism and the Social Inclusion Agenda

[1]       Commonwealth of Australia, A Stronger, Fairer Australia, Summary brochure, 2009, p. 1.

[2]       About the Social Inclusion Agenda, <www.socialinclusion.gov.au/about> viewed 31 August 2012.

[3]       Australian Social Inclusion Board, <www.socialinclusion.gov.au/australian-social-inclusion-board> viewed 31 August 2012.

[4]       Mr Paul Ronalds, First Assistant Secretary, Office of Work and Families, Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (PM&C), Committee Hansard, 22 June 2011, p. 1.

[5]       PM&C, Committee Hansard, 22 June 2011, p. 1.

[6]       Commonwealth of Australia, The Australian Public Service Policy Design and Delivery Toolkit, 2009, p. 9.

[7]       Social Inclusion, ‘Measurement and Reporting’, <www.socialinclusion.gov.au/about/social-inclusion-priorities/measurement-and-reporting> viewed 31 August 2012.

[8]       Australian Multicultural Advisory Council, The People of Australia,: The Australian Multicultural Advisory Council’s Statement on Cultural Diversity and Recommendations to Government, April 2010, p. 18, Recommendation 8.

[9]       Dr Morrison, Senior Manager Research and Policy Centre, Brotherhood of St Laurence (BSL), Committee Hansard, 29 March 2011, p. 52.

[10]     Fairfield Migrant Interagency (FMI), Submission 345, p. 3.

[11]     Miss Marion Lau OAM, JP, Ethnic Communities Council of Victoria, Committee Hansard, 29 March 2011, p. 3.

[12]     Mr Paris Aristotle, Director, Victorian Foundation for Survivors of Torture, Committee Hansard, 3 February 2012, p. 9.

[13]     United Nations Association of Australia (Victorian Division), Submission 413, p. 4.

[14]     Executive Director, Australian Human Rights Commission (AHRC),   Committee Hansard, 17 June 2011, p. 10.

[15]     Committee Hansard, 17 June 2011, p. 11.

[16]     Settlement Council of Australia (SCOA), Submission 401, p. 3.

[17]     SCOA, Submission 401, p. 4.

[18]     Executive Officer, SCOA, Committee Hansard, 17 June 2011, p. 14.

[19]     Brotherhood of St Laurence (BSL), Submission 398, p. 2.

[20]     FMI, Submission 345, p. 3.

[21]     United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD) 2010, Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 9 of the convention: concluding observations of the Committee of the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, seventy-seventh session, 27 August 2010, <www.ohchr.org/EN/countries/AsiaRegion/Pages/AUIndex.aspx> viewed 31 August 2012.

[22]     Committee Hansard, 29 March 2011, p. 52.

[23]     BSL, Submission 398, p. 4.

[24]     BSL, Submission 398, p. 4.

[25]     Chair, Federation of Ethnic Councils of Australia (FECCA), Committee Hansard, 15 June 2011, p. 2.

[26]     Ms Sarina Greco, General Manager Community Services, BSL, Committee Hansard, 29 March 2011, p. 53.

[27]     Ms Greco, BSL, Committee Hansard, 29 March 2011, p. 62.

[28]     Conrad Gershevitch, Amareswar Galla and Maria Dimopolous, Submission 455, p. 2.

[29]     Mr Ronalds, PM&C, Committee Hansard, 22 June 2011, pp. 1–2.

[30]     Committee Hansard, 23 February 2012, p. 4.

[31]     Fairfield Migrant Resource Centre (FMRC), Submission 404, p. 3.

[32]     FMRC, Submission 404, p. 3.

[33]     PM&C, Social Inclusion Unit, Submission 82, p. 2.

[34]     Eg. Ethnic Communities' Council of Queensland, Submission 86, p. 2; Australian Greek Welfare Society, Submission 468, p. 3; FMI, Submission 345, p. 3; Australian Multicultural Advisory Council, Submission 399, p. 3; City of Darebin, Submission 394, p. 7.

[35]     Cosmopolitan Civil Societies Research Centre, Prof Andrew Jakubowicz, Submission 420, p. 2.

[36]      National Ethnic and Multicultural Broadcasters' Council (NEMBC), Submission 488, p. 3.

[37]     Committee Hansard, 29 March 2011, p. 53.

[38]     Ms Rosemary Kelada, Spectrum Migrant Resource Centre, Committee Hansard, 29 March 2011, p. 14.

[39]     PM&C, Social Inclusion Unit, Submission 82, p. 1.

[40]     Committee Hansard, 22 June 2011, p. 1.

[41]     Ms Kelada, Spectrum Migrant Resource Centre, Committee Hansard, 29 March 2011, p. 18.

[42]     SCOA, Submission 401, p. 4.

[43]     SCOA, Submission 401, p. 4.

[44]     Mr Ronalds, PM&C, Committee Hansard, 22 June 2011, p. 4.

[45]     Mrs Helen McDevitt, PM&C, Committee Hansard, 22 June 2011, p. 5.

[46]     Ms Raman, AHRC, Committee Hansard, 17 June 2011, pp. 11, 12.

[47]     Mr Josef Szwarc, Manager, Policy and Research, Victorian Foundation for Survivors of Torture, Committee Hansard, 3 February 2012, p. 10.

[48]     Mr Szwarc, Victorian Foundation for Survivors of Torture, Committee Hansard, 3 February 2012, p. 10.

[49]     Mr Darren Dick, Director, Policy and Programs, AHRC, Committee Hansard, 17 June 2011, p. 13.

[50]     PM&C, Social Inclusion in Australia: How Australia is Faring, 2010, p. 17.

[51]     PM&C, Social Inclusion in Australia: How Australia is Faring, 2010, p. 17.

[52]     PM&C, Social Inclusion in Australia: How Australia is Faring, 2010, p. 17.

[53]     PM&C, Social Inclusion in Australia: How Australia is Faring, 2010, p. 17.

[54]     PM&C, Social Inclusion in Australia: How Australia is Faring 2012 (2^nd Edition), p. 1.

Chapter 6 National approach to planning and policy

[1]       E Koleth, Department of the Parliamentary Library, ‘Multiculturalism: a Review of Australian Policy Statements and Recent Debates in Australia and Overseas’, Research Paper No. 6, 2010‑11.

[2]       Fairfield Migrant Resource Centre (FMRC), Submission 404, p. 2.

[3]       E Koleth, Department of the Parliamentary Library, ‘Multiculturalism: a Review of Australian Policy Statements and Recent Debates in Australia and Overseas’, Research Paper No. 6, 2010‑11, p. 20.

[4]       E Koleth, Department of the Parliamentary Library, ‘Multiculturalism: a Review of Australian Policy Statements and Recent Debates in Australia and Overseas’, Research Paper No. 6, 2010‑11, p. 20.

[5]       J Jupp, From White Australia to Woomera, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2007, p. 99 (Ref: Department of the Parliamentary Library, ‘Multiculturalism: a Review of Australian Policy Statements and Recent Debates in Australia and Overseas’, Research Paper No. 6, 2010‑11, p. 3).

[6]       Municipal Association of Victoria (MAV), Submission 465, p. 5.

[7]       Palliative Care Victoria, Submission 459, p. 2.

[8]       Palliative Care Victoria, Submission 459, p. 3.

[9]       Australian Multicultural Council (AMC), <www.amc.gov.au/> viewed 10 September 2012.

[10]     Australian Multicultural Advisory Council (AMAC), 2010, The People of Australia: the Australian Multicultural Advisory Council’s Statement on Cultural Diversity and Recommendations to Government.

[11]     For example: FMRC, Submission 404, p. 2,  Conrad Gershevitch, Amareswar Galla and Maria Dimopolous, Submission 455, p. 1; Joy Burch MLA, ACT Minister for Multicultural Affairs, Submission 140, pp. 4-6 and MAV, Submission 465, p. 4.

[12]     FMRC, Submission 404, p. 2.

[13]     Joy Burch MLA, ACT Minister for Multicultural Affairs, Submission 140, p. 6.

[14]     Mr Jenkins MP, Parliamentary Joint Committee on Human Rights, Chair’s statement to the House of Representatives, House of Representatives Hansard, 20 June 2012, pp. 7176–77.

[15]     Human Rights (Parliamentary Scrutiny) Act 2011 (Cth), s. 3.

[16]     These principles were Access, Equity, Communication, Responsiveness, Effectiveness, Efficiency and Accountability.

[17]     Department of Immigration and Multicultural Affairs, 2005 Access and Equity Annual Report, 2006, viewed from <www.immi.gov.au/about/reports/access-equity/access-equity-2005/> Chapter 2, pp. 21–22.

[18]     C Gershevitch, A Galla and M Dimopolous, Submission 455, p. 4.

[19]     E Koleth, Department of the Parliamentary Library, ‘Multiculturalism: a Review of Australian Policy Statements and Recent Debates in Australia and Overseas’, Research Paper No. 6, 2010‑11, p. 6.

[20]     Review of Post Arrival Programs and Services for Migrants, Migrant Services and Programs, Canberra, Australian Government Publishing Service, 1978.

[21]     Commonwealth of Australia, ‘Statement by the Prime Minister, the Right Honourable Malcolm Fraser, April 1978’, in Background to the Review of Post Arrival Programs and Services for Migrants, Canberra, Commonwealth Government Printer, 1978, p. 2.

[22]     E Koleth, Department of the Parliamentary Library, ‘Multiculturalism: a Review of Australian Policy Statements and Recent Debates in Australia and Overseas’, Research Paper No. 6, 2010‑11, p. 8.

[23]     Community Relations Commission for a Multicultural NSW, ‘About Us’, <crc.nsw.gov.au/about_crc> viewed 10 August 2012.

[24]     Multicultural Policy and Planning in NSW, <crc.nsw.gov.au/mpsp> viewed 10 August 2012.

[25]     Premier’s Memorandum M2011-05 Multicultural Programs and Service to Provision in New South Wales, <www.dpc.nsw.gov.au/announcements/ministerial_memoranda/2011/m2011-05_multicultural_programs_and_service_to_provision_in_new_south_wales>, 25 February 2011, viewed 10 August 2012.

[26]     NSW Government, ‘What is MPSP’? <crc.nsw.gov.au/mpsp/what_is_mpsp> viewed 10 August 2012.

[27]     Victorian Multicultural Commission (VMC), <www.multicultural.vic.gov.au/about-us> viewed 10 August 2012.

[28]     VMC, <www.multicultural.vic.gov.au/about-us> viewed 10 August 2012.

[29]     Office of Multicultural Affairs and Citizenship, <multicultural.vic.gov.au/about-us/office-of-multicultural-affairs-and-citizenship> viewed 10 August 2012.

[30]     VMC, ‘About RAC’, <multicultural.vic.gov.au/regional-advisory-councils/about-rac> viewed 10 August 2012.

[31]     Victorian Equal Opportunity and Human Rights Commission, The Victorian Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities, <www.humanrightscommission.vic.gov.au/index.php?
option=com_k2&view=item&layout=item&id=19&Itemid=147> viewed 14 August 2012.

[32]     Disability, Housing and Community Services ACT, Australian Capital Territory Multicultural Strategy 2010–2013, p. 2.

[33]     Joy Burch MLA, ACT Minister for Multicultural Affairs, Submission 140, pp. 4–6.

[34]     ACT Human Rights Commission, ‘About the ACT Human Rights and Discrimination Commissioner’, <www.hrc.act.gov.au/humanrights/> viewed 14 August 2012.

[35]     Tasmanian Government, Submission 441, p. 7.

[36]     Department of Premier and Cabinet, Tasmania, ‘Migrant and Multicultural Communities’, <www.dpac.tas.gov.au/divisions/cdd/for_and_about/migrant_and_multicultural
_communities> viewed 10 August 2012.

[37]     Department of Premier and Cabinet, Tasmania, ‘Migrant and Multicultural Communities’, <www.dpac.tas.gov.au/divisions/cdd/for_and_about/migrant_and_multicultural_
communities> viewed 10 August 2012.

[38]     Department of Premier and Cabinet, Tasmania, ‘Tasmanian Multicultural Policy’, <www.dpac.tas.gov.au/divisions/cdd/policy/our_policies/tasmanian_multicultural_policy> viewed 10 August 2012.

[39]     Department of Premier and Cabinet, Tasmania, ‘Tasmanian Multicultural Policy’, September 2001, p. 2.

[40]     Tasmanian Government, Submission 441, p. 7.

[41]     Tasmanian Government, Submission 441, p. 7.

[42]     Municipal Association of Victoria (MAV), Submission 465, p. 3.

[43]     E.g. MAV, Submission 465, p. 3; Monash City Council, Submission 469, p. 2; Darebin City Council, Submission 394, p. 6.

[44]     Ms Hargreaves, Social Policy, MAV, Committee Hansard, 3 February 2012, p. 35.

[45]     Ms Hargreaves, MAV, Committee Hansard, 3 February 2012, p. 35.

[46]     Ms Hargreaves, MAV, Committee Hansard, 3 February 2012, p. 35.

[47]     MAV, Submission 465, pp. 8–9.

[48]     Mr Con Pagonis, Multicultural Policy Adviser, MAV, Committee Hansard, 3 February 2012, p. 37.

[49]     Mr Pagonis, MAV, Committee Hansard, 3 February 2012, p. 37.

[50]     Committee Hansard, 3 February 2012, pp. 36–37.

[51]     Ms Hargreaves, MAV, Committee Hansard, 3 February 2012, p. 35.

[52]     MAV, Submission 465, p. 4.

[53]     Committee Hansard, 25 October 2011, p. 2.

[54]     Councillor Stephen Dimopoulos, Monash City Council, Committee Hansard, 25 October 2011, p. 2.

[55]     Ms Eugenia Grammatikakis, Community Development Officer, Monash City Council, Committee Hansard, 25 October 2011, p. 4.

[56]     Committee Hansard, 3 February 2012, p. 36.

[57]     Committee Hansard, 3 February 2012, p. 36.

[58]     Committee Hansard, 25 October 2011, p. 3.

[59]     City of Whittlesea, Submission 446, p. 1.

[60]     MAV, Submission 465, p. 8.

[61]     Community Relations Commission for a Multicultural NSW, Submission 385, p. 6.

[62]     Community Relations Commission for a Multicultural NSW, Submission 385, p. 16.

[63]     Monash City Council, Submission 469 p. 8.

[64]     Monash City Council, Submission 469 p. 8.

[65]     Monash City Council, Submission 469 p. 8.

[66]     Dr Helen Szoke, AHRC, Committee Hansard, 23 February 2012, p. 4.

[67]     Committee Hansard, 23 February 2012, p. 4.

[68]     C Gershevitch, A Galla and M Dimopolous, Submission 455, p. 1.

[69]     National Human Rights Consultation, <www.humanrightsconsultation.gov.au/
AboutTheConsultation/Pages/default.aspx> viewed September 2012.

[70]     National Human Rights Consultation Committee, National Human Rights Consultation Report, September 2009.

[71]     Also discussed in Chapter 6 of this report.

[72]     Australia’s Human Rights Framework, <www.ag.gov.au/Humanrightsandantidiscrimination
/Australiashumanrightsframework/Pages/default.aspx>, viewed September 2012.

[73]     Eg. Mr Sam Wong AM, Chair,  Canberra Multicultural Community Forum (CMCF) Inc., Committee Hansard, 12 October 2011, p. 8; Dr James Jupp AM, Committee Hansard, 14 September 2011, pp. 1, 3; CMCF Inc., Submission 66, p. 1; Australian Multicultural Advisory Council (AMAC), Submission 399, para. 92; and Multicultural Development Association, Submission 421, p. 37.

Chapter 7 Research

[1]       Mr Nick Evans, Director, Community Development Division, PM&C, Committee Hansard, 9 March 2012, pp. 6–7.

[2]       Professor Hugo, Director of the Australian Population and Migration Research Centre, University of Adelaide, Committee Hansard, 2 April 2012, p. 1.

[3]       Committee Hansard, 2 April 2012 p. 1.

[4]       Ms Sibylle Kaczorek, Executive Officer, National Ethnic Disability Council (NEDC), Committee Hansard, 29 March 2011, p. 83.

[5]       Ms Kaczorek, NEDC, Committee Hansard, 29 March 2011, p. 83.

[6]       Conrad Gershevitch, Amareswar Galla and Maria Dimopolous,, Submission 455, p. 3.

[7]       The Committee is grateful for the research assistance provided by Janet Phillips and the Parliamentary Library in the provision of information on the BIR and the BIMPR.

[8]       Department of Immigration, Local Government and Ethnic Affairs (DILGEA), Review ’89 (Annual Report 1989), p. 14.

[9]       E Koleth, Multiculturalism: a Review of Australian Policy Statements and Recent Debates in Australia and Overseas, Research Paper, Parliamentary Library, 2010.

[10]     M Kabala, ‘Immigration as Public Policy’, in J Jupp and M Kabala (eds), The Politics of Australian Immigration, Canberra, 1993, p. 13.

[11]     Minister for Immigration, the Hon Senator N Bolkus, ‘Menadue Report Recommends New Directions for Bureau of Immigration and Population Research’, Media Release, 28 October 1994.

[12]     Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs, the Hon P Ruddock, ‘Restructure of Immigration Research Activities’, Media Release, 30 July 1996.

[13]     C Hawksley et al, ‘Migration Research and Migration Policy Making: A Study of Australia, the Philippines, and Thailand’, International Social Science Journal, vol. 179, March 2004.

[14]     DIAC, Annual Report 2011–12, p. 17.

[15]     DIAC, Annual Report 2011–12, p. 65.

[16]     Dr Southern, Secretary, Policy and Program Management Group, DIAC, Committee Hansard, 21 March 2012, p. 1.

[17]     Dr Southern, DIAC, Committee Hansard, 21 March 2012, p. 1.

[18]     Prof Andrew Jakubowicz, Committee Hansard, 23 February 2012, p. 38, Dr James Jupp AM, Committee Hansard, 14 September 2012, p. 2.

[19]     Submission 82, p. 3.

[20]     Mr Fleming, First Assistant Secretary, Citizenship, Settlement and Multicultural Affairs Division, Committee Hansard, 21 March 2012, p. 2.

[21]     Ms Rosemary Kelada, Spectrum Migrant Resource Centre, Committee Hansard, 29 March 2011, p. 19.

[22]     Ms Kelada, Spectrum Migrant Resource Centre, Committee Hansard, 29 March 2011, p. 19.

[23]     Mr Fleming and Dr Southern, DIAC, Committee Hansard, 21 March 2012, p. 2.

[24]     Access and Equity Inquiry Panel, Access and Equity for a Multicultural Australia: Inquiry into the Responsiveness of Australian Government Services to Australia’s Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Population, June 2012.

[25]     C Gershevitch, A Galla and M Dimopolous, Submission 455, p. 4.

[26]     Access and Equity Inquiry Panel, Access and Equity for a Multicultural Australia: Inquiry into the Responsiveness of Australian Government Services to Australia’s Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Population, June 2012.

[27]     Committee Hansard, 21 March 2012, p. 2.

[28]     Committee Hansard, 9 March 2012. pp. 6–7.

Chapter 8 Diaspora communities

[1]       ‘Weaving the World Together’, Nov 19th 2011, The Economist Online, <www.economist.com/node/21538700> viewed 6 June 2012.

[2]       G Hugo, ‘An Australian Diaspora?’, Internal Migration, Vol. 44 (1), p. 55.

[3]       United Macedonian Diaspora, Submission 472, p. 1.

[4]       M Reis, ‘Theorizing Diaspora: Perspectives on “Classical” and “Contemporary” Diaspora’, International Migration, Vol. 42:2, 2004, p. 48-49.

[5]       Department of Immigration and Citizenship (DIAC), Submission 450, pp. 11–13.

[6]       P Ellis, ‘Social Ties and Foreign Market Entry’, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 31:3 (Third Quarter 2000), p. 443.

[7]       Victorian Government, Submission 482, p. 12.

[8]       Ethnic Communities’ Council of Victoria (ECCV), Submission 340, p. 5.

[9]       Mr Jeremy Roger Newman, First Assistant Secretary, Europe Division, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT), Committee Hansard, 23 November 2011, p. 3.

[10]     Mr Laurie Smith, Executive Director, International Operations, Australian Trade Commission (AUSTRADE), Committee Hansard, 23 November 2011, p. 6.

[11]     Mr Smith, AUSTRADE, Committee Hansard, 23 November 2011, p. 7.

[12]     Mr Newman, DFAT, Committee Hansard, 23 November 2011, p. 9.

[13]     Mr Peter Suckling, First Assistant Secretary, Consular, Public Diplomacy and Parliamentary Affairs, DFAT, Committee Hansard, 23 November 2011, p. 9.

[14]     DIAC, Submission 450, p. 11.

[15]     Mr Suckling, DFAT, Committee Hansard, 23 November 2011, p. 2.

[16]     Professor Arun Sharma, National Chairman, Australia India Business Council (AIBC), Committee Hansard, 8 February 2012, p. 2.

[17]     City of Whittlesea, Submission 446, p. 4.

[18]     Submission 450, p. 11.

[19]     Mr Suckling, DFAT, Committee Hansard, 23 November 2011, p. 2.

[20]     Mr Suckling, DFAT, Committee Hansard, 23 November 2011, p. 2.

[21]     Australia/Israel & Jewish Affairs Council, Submission 357, p. 10.

[22]     Australia/Israel & Jewish Affairs Council, Submission 357, p. 10.

[23]     Submission 106, p. 2.

[24]     Submission 416, p. 6.

[25]     OECD 2000 Emigration Rates by Country of Origin, Sex and Educational Attainment Levels.

[26]     B Birrell et al, Skilled Movement in the New Century: Outcomes for Australia, Centre for Population and Urban Research, Monash University, 2004.

[27]     Committee Hansard, 2 April 2012, p. 2.

[28]     G Hugo, D Rudd and K Harris, ‘Australia’s Diaspora: its Size, Nature and Policy Implications’, CEDA Information Paper No. 80, 2003, p. 76.

[29]     G Hugo, D Rudd and K Harris, ‘Australia’s Diaspora: its Size, Nature and Policy Implications’, CEDA Information Paper No. 80, 2003, pp. 14–15.

[30]     Senate Standing Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs, They Still Call Australia Home: Inquiry into Australian Expatriates, 2005, p. 1.

[31]     Senate Standing Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs, They Still Call Australia Home: Inquiry into Australian Expatriates, 2005, pp. 122–29.

[32]     United Macedonian Diaspora, Submission 472, p. 7.

[33]     Refugee Council of Australia (RCOA), Submission 416, p. 6.

[34]     Ms Vivian Joanne Urzua, Three Seas; Open Family Australia, Committee Hansard, 8 June 2012, p. 11.

[35]     G Hugo, D Rudd and K Harris, ‘Australia’s Diaspora: its Size, Nature and Policy Implications’, CEDA Information Paper No. 80, 2003, p. 72.

[36]     Committee Hansard, 14 September 2011, p. 5.

Chapter 9 Settlement and participation

[1]       Adult Migrant English Service (AMES), Submission 118, p. 5.

[2]       Department of Immigration and Citizenship (DIAC), ‘Fact Sheet 94-English Courses for Eligible Migrants and Humanitarian Entrants in Australia’, <www.immi.gov.au/media/fact-sheets/94amep.htm> viewed 3 July 2012.

[3]       DIAC, Supplementary submission 450.1, p. 1.

[4]       Mr Garry Fleming, First Assistant Secretary, Citizenship, Settlement and Multicultural Affairs Division, DIAC, Committee Hansard, 21 March 2012, pp. 3–4.

[5]       Darebin City Council, Submission 394, p. 11.

[6]       RISE (Refugees, Survivors and Ex-Detainees), Submission 428, p. 5.

[7]       Assisting Collaborative Community Employment Support Services Inc. (ACCES Services Inc.), Submission 71, p. 5.

[8]       Job Prospects, Submission 489, p. 2.

[9]       Federation of Ethnic Communities Council Australia (FECCA), Submission 176, p. 5.

[10]     Department of Premier and Cabinet Tasmania, Submission 441, p. 18.

[11]     DIAC, Supplementary submission 450.1, p. 5.

[12]     Ms Catherine Scarth, Chief Executive Officer, AMES, Committee Hansard, 3 February 2012, p. 18.

[13]     Ms Scarth, AMES, Committee Hansard, 3 February 2012, pp. 17- 18.

[14]     South Australian Government, Submission 470, p. 29.

[15]     Mr Pino Migliorino, Chair, FECCA, Committee Hansard, 15 June 2011, p. 5., Angels of Mercy, Submission 25, p. 2.

[16]     AMES, Submission 118, p. 8.

[17]     Committee Hansard, 29 July 2011, p. 10.

[18]     Australian Multicultural Advisory Council, Submission 399, p. 7.

[19]     DIAC, Supplementary submission 450.1, p. 5.

[20]     DIAC, ‘Fact Sheet 94- English Courses for Eligible Migrants and Humanitarian Entrants in Australia’, <www.immi.gov.au/media/fact-sheets/94amep.htm> viewed 3 July 2012.

[21]     Department of Education, Employment and Work Relations (DEEWR), Submission 474, p. 12.

[22]     Ms Borka Buseska, Director, Language, Literacy and Numeracy Program, DEEWR, Committee Hansard, 6 July 2011, pp. 7-8.

[23]     Committee Hansard, 29 July 2011, pp. 25–26.

[24]     Ethnic Communities’ Council of NSW, Submission 105, p. 5.

[25]     DEEWR, Submission 474, p. 12.

[26]     Australian Multicultural Advisory Council (AMAC), Submission 399, p. 11.

[27]     Mr Robert Bean, Managing Director, Cultural Diversity Services Pty Ltd, Committee Hansard, 28 July 2011, p. 17.

[28]     Ethnic Communities’ Council of NSW, Submission 105, p. 7.

[29]     The Effectiveness of Cross-Cultural Training in the Australian Context, Department of Immigration and Multicultural Affairs, 2006, pp. 1–2.

[30]     The Effectiveness of Cross-Cultural Training in the Australian Context, Department of Immigration and Multicultural Affairs, 2006, pp. 6–7.

[31]     Cultural Diversity Services Pty Ltd, Submission 101, p. 3.

[32]     See: Cultural Diversity Services Pty Ltd, Submission 101, Cross-cultural communications and management, Submission 475.

[33]     Committee Hansard, 28 July 2011, p. 17.

[34]     Multicultural Development Association (MDA), Submission 421, p. 4.

[35]     Multicultural Mental Health Australia (MMHA), Submission 397, p. 26.

[36]     Ms Melise Bourne, Education and Policy Officer, Partners in Culturally Appropriate Care, Committee Hansard, 23 February 2012, p. 10.

[37]     Victorian Government, Submission 482, p. 17.

[38]     Committee Hansard, 23 February 2012, p. 17.

[39]     Ms Terrie Leoleos, General Manager, Multicultural Communities Council of Illawarra, Committee Hansard, 23 February 2012, p. 12.

[40]     Ms Bourne, Committee Hansard, 23 February 2012, p. 9.

[41]     Ethnic Communities’ Council of NSW Inc, Submission 105, p. 7, Culturally Competent Mental Health Services, Submission 397, p. 26, FECCA, Submission 176, p. 5, Darebin City Council, Submission 394, p. 12, Diversity Health Institute, Submission 412, p. 3.

[42]     Centre for Culture, Ethnicity and Health, Submission 300, pp. 6–8.

[43]     Access and Equity Inquiry Panel, Access and Equity for a Multicultural Australia: Inquiry into the Responsiveness of Australian Government Services to Australia’s Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Population, June 2012, p. 7.

[44]     DIAC, ‘Humanitarian Settlement Services’, < www.immi.gov.au/living-in-australia/delivering-assistance/government-programs/settlement-programs/hss.htm > viewed 11 July 2012.

[45]     DIAC, Submission 450, p. 16.

[46]     Ethnic Communities Council of Queensland (ECCQ), Submission 86, p. 3.

[47]     ECCQ, Submission 86, p. 3.

[48]     ACT Government, Submission 140, p. 15.

[49]     Queensland Shelter, Submission 90, p. 4.

[50]     Ms Fiona Caniglia, Policy and Advocacy Officer, ECCQ, Committee Hansard, 11 July 2011, p. 3.

[51]     Committee Hansard, 11 July 2011, p. 4.

[52]     Queensland Shelter, Submission 90, p. 4.

[53]     Australian Immigrant and Refugee Women’s Alliance (AIRWA), Submission 425, p. 4.

[54]     Multicultural Mental Health Australia, Submission 397, p. 38.

[55]     The Australian Psychological Society, Submission 422, p. 9.

[56]     ACT Government, Submission 140, p. 56.

[57]     The Royal Australian Women’s Hospital (Melbourne), Submission 89, p. 2.

[58]     AIRWA, Submission 425, p. 6.

[59]     Australian Muslim Women’s Centre for Human Rights, Submission 460, pp. 8–9.

[60]     Australian Muslim Women’s Centre for Human Rights, Submission 460, p. 2.

[61]     ACCES Services Inc., Submission 71, p. 2.

[62]     Ms Vivi Germanos-Koutsounadis, Chair, AIRWA, Committee Hansard, 12 October 2011, pp.1–2.

[63]     Committee Hansard, 29 February, p. 2.

[64]     Australian Muslim Women’s Centre for Human Rights, Submission 460, p. 2.

[65]     Multicultural Youth Advocacy Network (MYAN), Submission 392, p. 2.

[66]     Committee Hansard, 29 March 2011, p. 6.

[67]     Victorian Government, Submission 482, p. 14.

[68]     Department of the Prime Minister & Cabinet, Office for the Arts, National Cultural Policy: A discussion paper, 2011, p. 11.

[69]     Multicultural Youth Advocacy Network (MYAN), Submission 392, p. 5.

[70]     AIRWA, Submission 425, p. 10.

[71]     Kultor Network, Submission 473, p. 2.

[72]     NSW Spanish and Latin American Association for Social Assistance (NSW SLASA), Submission 111, p. 5.

[73]     NSW SLASA, Submission 111, p. 5.

[74]     DIAC, Submission 450, p. 18.

[75]     Mrs Amanda Bray, Fairfield City Council, Committee Hansard, 24 October 2011, p. 38.

[76]     African Think Tank Inc., Submission 408, p. 11.

[77]     NSW SLASA, Submission 111, p. 6.

[78]     Refugee Council of Australia (RCOA), Submission 416, p. 8.

[79]     Ms Jamie Lowe, National Security Policy and Programs Branch, National Security Law and Policy Division, Attorney-General’s Department, Committee Hansard, 14 March 2012, p. 1.

[80]     Committee Hansard, 14 March 2012, p. 2.

[81]     Committee Hansard, 14 March 2012, p. 1.

Chapter 10 National productive capacity

[1]       Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) website, < www.dfat.gov.au/factss/global-economy.html> viewed 8 May 2012.

[2]       DIAC, Submission 450, p. 23.

[3]       K Kovac, ‘Australia’s Migration Programs: Contributing to Australia’s growth and prosperity’, Committee for the Economic Development of Australia discussion forum, 14 September 2011.

[4]       Hon Wayne Swan MP, ‘Australia to 2050: Future challenges’, Third Intergenerational Report of the Australian Treasury, January 2010, p. xv.

[5]       DIAC, Submission 450, pp. 24-25.

[6]       DIAC, Submission 450, p. 25.

[7]       Submission 482, p. 4.

[8]       Submission 140, p. 17.

[9]       Submission 47, pp. 4-5.

[10]     R Tay and A Leigh MP, Submission 147 p. 3.

[11]     This category includes State/Territory Nominated Independent and Skilled Independent Regional visas.

[12]     Mr Robin Shreeve, Chief Executive Officer, Skills Australia, Committee Hansard, 17 August 2011, p. 1.

[13]     DIAC, ‘Consolidated Sponsored Occupation List- 1 July 2012’ <www.immi.gov.au/skilled/general-skilled-migration/pdf/occupations-csol.pdf> viewed 6 August 2012.

[14]     Committee Hansard, 17 August 2011, p. 6.

[15]     DEEWR, Submission 474, p. 5.

[16]     Submission 470, p. 34.

[17]     Committee Hansard, 28 July 2011, p. 6.

[18]     R Tay and A Leigh MP, Submission 47, p. 3.

[19]     Submission 47, p. 3.

[20]     DIAC, website: <www.immi.gov.au/skilled/general-skilled-migration/pdf/statmig-fs.pdf> viewed 18 June 2012.

[21]     Submission 140, p. 19.

[22]     Submission 450, p. 47.

[23]     DIAC, Submission 450, p. 47.

[24]     Submission 482, p. 21.

[25]     Tasmanian Government, Submission 441, p. 25.

[26]     Committee Hansard, 9 March 2012, pp. 7-8.

[27]     As of 29 November 2011, Australian Bureau of Statistics website, <www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/mf/6202.0?opendocument#from-banner=LN> viewed 6 August 2012.

[28]     Submission 474, p.14.

[29]     Skills Australia, Submission 344, p. 2.

[30]     Submission 135, p. 14.

[31]     Submission 492, p. 8.

[32]     Committee Hansard, 8 February 2012, p. 4.

[33]     Refugee Council of Australia (RCOA), Submission 416, p. 8.

[34]     G Hugo, ‘Economic, social and civic contributions of first and second generation humanitarian entrants’, Final Report to the Department of Immigration and Citizenship, May 2011, p. xxvi.

[35]     Committee Hansard, 2 April 2012, p. 6.  

[36]     AMES, Submission 118, p. 28., NSW SLASA, Submission 111, p. 9., Mr Bassim Blazey, Assistant Secretary, South East Asian Division, DFAT, Committee Hansard, 23 November 2011, pp.5-6.

[37]     Ms Rosemary Kelada, Spectrum Migrant Resource Centre, Committee Hansard, 29 March 2011, p. 16.

[38]     Joint Standing Committee on Migration, Negotiating The Maze: Review of arrangements for overseas skills recognitions, upgrading and licensing, September 2006, p. iii.

[39]     The Hon Chris Bowen, ‘Australian Government Response to the JSCM on Migration report’, 21 June 2011.

[40]     DIAC website, <www.immi.gov.au/skilled/>, viewed 15 November 2011.

[41]     Submission 474, pp. 5-6.

[42]     Committee Hansard, 17 August 2011, p. 1.

[43]     DIAC website, < www.immi.gov.au/asri/background.htm> viewed 29 November 2011.

[44]     DIAC, SkillSelect < www.immi.gov.au/skills/skillselect/> viewed 6 August 2012.

[45]     ‘Settlement and Finding Work: The experiences of people in the Adult English migration program in Melbourne,’ AMES 2011, p. 44.

[46]     Mr Louie Josef, Committee Hansard, 26 October 2011, p. 1.

[47]     Mr Carlos Encina, Manager, NSW SLASA Committee Hansard, 24 October 2011, p. 17.

[48]     Committee Hansard, 25 October 2011, p. 12.

[49]     Mr Encina, Committee Hansard, 24 October 2011, p. 17, Mr Josef, Committee Hansard, 26 October 2011, p. 3.

[50]     Committee Hansard, 24 October 2011, p. 17.

[51]     Committee Hansard, 24 October 2011, p. 17.

[52]     NSW Department of Education and Communities, Submission 135, p. 15.

[53]     Ms Deena Yako, Fairfield Migrant Resource Centre and Fairfield Migrant Interagency, Committee Hansard, 24 October 2011, p. 44.

[54]     Mr Paul Power, Chief Executive Officer, Committee Hansard, 3 February 2012, p. 7.

Chapter 11 Employment issues

[1]       Dr Val Colic-Peisker, School of Global Studies, Social Science and Planning, RMIT University, Submission 87, pp. 2–3.

[2]       Mr Pino Migliorino, FECCA, Committee Hansard, 15 June 2011, p. 9.

[3]       Committee Hansard, 2 April 2012, p. 4.

[4]       Professor A Markus, ‘Mapping Social Cohesion: The Scanlon Foundation Surveys Summary Report 2010’, Monash Institute for the Study of Global Movements, Victoria, pp. 13; 17.

[5]       Committee Hansard, 3 February 2012, p. 8.

[6]       Dr Andrew Leigh and Ms Ruth Tay, Submission 147, p. 10.

[7]       Committee Hansard, 23 February 2012, p. 5.

[8]       Committee Hansard, 23 February 2012, p. 2.

[9]       Australian Human Rights Commission (AHRC), National Anti-Racism Strategy, July 2012, p. 9.

[10]     Fairfield Migrant Resource Centre, Submission 404, p. 8.

[11]     South Australian Government, Submission 470, p. 30.

[12]     Mrs Heather Muirhead, Manager and Mr Danny Aye, Spokesperson, Karen Community, Limestone Coast Multicultural Network Inc., Committee Hansard, 29 July 2011, pp. 19–20.

[13]     Adult Migrant English Service (AMES), Submission 118, p. 15.

[14]     AHRC, Submission 423, p. 8.

[15]     DEEWR, Submission 474, p. 15.

[16]     DEEWR, Submission 474, p. 15.

[17]     DEEWR, Submission 474, p. 15.

[18]     DEEWR, Submission 474, p. 16.

[19]     DEEWR, Supplementary submission 474.1, p. 3.

[20]     DEEWR, Supplementary submission 474.1, p. 3.

[21]     DEEWR, Submission 474, p. 16.

[22]     Mr Garry Fleming, First Assistant Secretary, Citizenship, Settlement and Multicultural Affairs Division, and  Dr Wendy Southern,  Deputy Secretary, Policy and Program Management Group, DIAC, Committee Hansard, 21 March 2012, p. 5.

[23]     Service to Youth Council Inc (Job Prospects), Submission 489, p. 2.

[24]     Mrs Elke Unger, Community Service Advisor, Department of Human Services, Committee Hansard, 29 July 2011, p. 28.

[25]     Ms Borka Buseska, Director, Language Literacy and Numeracy, and Mr Stuart Watson, Branch Manager, Stream Services Branch, DEEWR, Committee Hansard, 6 July 2011, p. 8.

[26]     Service to Youth Council Inc. (Job Prospects), Submission 489, p. 2.

[27]     FECCA, Submission 176, p. 47.

[28]     Service to Youth Council Inc (Job Prospects), Submission 489, p. 4.

[29]     Mr Power, Chief Executive Officer, RCOA, Committee Hansard, 3 February 2012, p. 8.

[30]     FECCA, Submission 176, p. 47.

[31]     FECCA Submission 176, p. 47.

[32]     Jesuit Social Services, Submission 496, p. 10.

[33]     Ms Pamela Webb, Director, Just Leadership, Jesuit Social Services, Committee Hansard,
3 February 2012, p. 29.

[34]     Jesuit Social Services, Submission 496, p. 6.

[35]     Ms Webb, Jesuit Social Services, Committee Hansard, 3 February 2012, p. 31.

[36]     Refers to products made from used and unwanted material.

[37]     The Social Studio, Submission 429, p. 1.

[38]     Dr Grace McQuilten, Chief Executive Officer, The Social Studio, Committee Hansard, 26 October 2011, p. 8

[39]     The Social Studio Annual Report 2010-11, pp. 7; 12.

[40]     Department of Premier and Cabinet Tasmania, Submission 441, p. 16.

[41]     Mr Nick Evans, Director, Community Development Division, Department of Premier and Cabinet, Tasmania, Committee Hansard, 9 March 2012, p. 6.

[42]     Department of Premier and Cabinet, Tasmania, Submission 441, p. 16.

[43]     Department of Premier and Cabinet, Tasmania, Submission 441, p. 16.

[44]     The Spectrum Migrant Resource Centre (SMRC), Submission 106, p. 1.

[45]     SMRC, Submission 106, p. 2.

[46]     2012 Term 1 Courses, Spectrum Education and Training Centre <www.spectrumvic.org.au/
Education-Training/SET-2012-Course-Timetable3> viewed 3 September 2012.

[47]     SMRC, Submission 106, pp. 4–5.

[48]     Committee Hansard, 29 March 2011, p. 23.

[49]     Committee Hansard, 29 March 2011, p. 23.

Chapter 12 Incentives to support new business enterprises

[1]       Industry value added measures the contribution by businesses in each industry to gross domestic product.

[2]       Department of Innovation, Industry, Science and Research, Australian Small Businesses: Key Statistics, 2011, pp. 3,  6.

[3]       Business Review Weekly (BRW), ‘BRW Rich 200 Wealth Index,’ 25 May 2011 <www.brw.com.au> viewed 14 May 2012.

[4]       G Hugo, Economic, Social and Civic Contributions of First and Second Generation Humanitarian Entrants, Final Report to Department of Immigration and Citizenship, May 2011, p. 174.

[5]       Ms Julie Edwards, Chief Executive Officer, Jesuit Social Services, Committee Hansard, Melbourne, 3 February 2012, p. 29.

[6]       K Carrington, A McIntosh, and J Walmsley, The Social Costs and Benefits of Migration into Australia, University of New England and the Centre for Applied Research in Social Sciences, 2007,  pp. 94–95.

[7]       G Hugo, Economic, Social and Civic Contributions of First and Second Generation Humanitarian Entrants, Final Report to Department of Immigration and Citizenship, May 2011, p. 174.

[8]        G Hugo, Economic, Social and Civic Contributions of First and Second Generation Humanitarian Entrants, Final Report to Department of Immigration and Citizenship, May 2011, pp. 176, 185.

[9]       G Hugo, Economic, Social and Civic Contributions of First and Second Generation Humanitarian Entrants, Final Report to Department of Immigration and Citizenship, May 2011, pp. 177–78.

[10]     G Hugo, Economic, Social and Civic Contributions of First and Second Generation Humanitarian Entrants, Final Report to Department of Immigration and Citizenship, May 2011, p. 179.

[11]     Miss Marion Lau OAM, JP, Ethnic Communities Council of Victoria (ECCV), Committee Hansard, 29 March 2011, p. 13.

[12]     Committee Hansard, 29 March 2011, p. 18, Miss Lau, ECCV, Committee Hansard, 29 March 2011, p. 13.

[13]     Committee Hansard, 29 March 2011, p. 18.

[14]     The NSW Spanish and Latin American Association for Social Assistance (NSW SLASA), Submission 111, p. 10.

[15]     ACCESS Services Inc., Submission 71, p. 6.

[16]     United Macedonian Diaspora, Submission 472, p. 10.

[17]     ECCV, Submission 340, p. 11.

[18]     Victorian Government, Submission 482, p. 22.

[19]     Victorian Government, Submission 482, p. 22.

[20]     Victorian Government, Submission 482, p. 22.

[21]     Women’s Health in the North, Enterprising Women Project: Final Evaluation Report – Part 1, February 2008, p. 63 <www.whin.org.au/images/PDFs/ ew_final_evaluation_report_
part_1_body.pdf> viewed 14 May 2012.

[22]     Women’s Health in the North, Enterprising Women Project: Final Evaluation Report – Part 1, February 2008, p. 31.

[23]     Ms Helen Riseborough, Executive Director, Women's Health in the North, Committee Hansard, p. 19.

[24]     Women’s Health in the North, Enterprising Women Project: Final Evaluation Report – Part 1, February 2008, pp. 49-50.

[25]     Women’s Health in the North, Enterprising Women Project: Final Evaluation Report – Part 1, February 2008, pp. 33, 41, 42, 64.

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