Intensive livestock production

June 1990

ISBN 0 644 11999 3

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RECOMMENDATIONS - (PDF format)
Terms of Reference and Conduct of Inquiry
List of Tables
Abbreviations Used in the Report

PART ONE - INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 1 - OVERVIEW - (PDF format)
Intensive Systems Defined
Benefits of Intensive Husbandry
Welfare Concerns
Conclusion

CHAPTER 2 - DEVELOPMENT AND IMPORTANCE OF INTENSIVE LIVESTOCK INDUSTRIES IN AUSTRALIA - (PDF format)
Production and Consumption
Role of Governments
Economic and Social Pressures
Development of Intensification
Consumer and Farm Cost Pressures
Conclusion

CHAPTER 3 - WELFARE AND WELFARE ASSESSMENT - (PDF format)
Welfare Definitions and Concepts
Welfare Assessment
Vices and Stereotypic Behaviour
Research and Scientific Assessment
Conclusion
Recommendation

CHAPTER 4 - PEAK NATIONAL BODIES - (PDF format)
Introduction
Australian and New Zealand Federation of
Animal Societies
Standards of Practice
Conclusion
Recommendation
Procedures for Induced Moulting
Welfare Effects of Induced Moulting
Recommendations
Artificial Lighting Cycles
Induced Moulting

PART TWO -THE DOMESTIC FOWL

CHAPTER 5 - CAGE HOUSING OF LAYERS - (PDF format)
Stocking Densities
Current Research into Space Requirements
Developments in Europe
Conclusion
Recommendations
Recommendation
Recommendation
Overstocking
Cage Design

CHAPTER 6 - ALTERNATIVE HOUSING SYSTEMS - (PDF format)
An Analysis of Alternative Systems
Get-away Cages
Deep Litter
Aviary or Perchery Systems
Covered Straw Yard
Free-Range Systems
Recent Developments in Europe
The Economics of Alternative Systems
Consumer Preference
Conclusion
Recommendations

CHAPTER - 7 HUSBANDRY PRACTICES - (PDF format)
Beak trimming
Reasons for Beak Trimming
Consequences of Beak Trimming
When Beak Trimming is Performed
Alternatives to Beak Trimming
Government Support Services
Economic Pressures
Community Concerns
Australian Agreed Standards

CHAPTER 8 - HANDLING AND TRANSPORT - (PDF format)
Handling Procedures
Transport of Spent Hens and Pullets
Conclusion
Recommendations

CHAPTER 9 - BROILER CHICKENS - (PDF format)
Housing Systems
Stocking Densities
Litter Flooring
Recommendations
Alternative Housing Systems
Picking-up Chickens
Transportation
Recommendations
Leg Weakness
Respiratory Disease
Skin Damage
Handling and Transportation
Processing of Broilers
Health Problems

PART THREE - PIGS

CHAPTER 10 - PIGS AND THE AUSTRALIAN PIG INDUSTRY - (PDF format)
Introduction
Pig Breeds in Australia
Adaptation to Modern Husbandry Systems
Behaviour of Free Ranging Pigs
Trend to Specialisation
Pig Terminology
Marketing
Australian Council of Egg Producers
Australian Federation for the Welfare
Australian Pig Industry Policy Council
Australian Poultry Industries Association
Australian Veterinary Association
Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty
of Animals
to Animals

CHAPTER 11 - INTENSIVE PIG HOUSING - (PDF format)
Introduction
Industry view of Welfare Criticisms
ANZFAS Concerns
Confinement Housing
Pig Welfare Research in Australia
Intensive Housing and Environment
Sow housing
in Australia
Open Range System
Group Run Individual Feeding
Dry Sow Stalls
Dry Sow Tethers
Dry Sow Pens
Farrowing Systems
Conclusion
Weaner Pig Accommodation
Grower Pig Accommodation
Stocking Density
Contentious Issues
Comparative Analysis of Dry Sow Housing in the United Kingdom
Conclusion
Recommendations

CHAPTER 12 - MANAGEMENT PRACTICES - (PDF format)
Surgical Procedures in the Industry
Castration
Taildocking
Teeth Clipping
Other Practices
Conclusion
Recommendations

CHAPTER 13 OFF-FARM HANDLING - (PDF format)
Transport and Handling Stresses
Australian Agreed Standards
Discussion of Issues
Conclusion
Recommendations

PART FOUR - THE WAY FORWARD

CHAPTER 14 - STOCKMANSHIP, EDUCATION AND TRAINING - (PDF format)
Introduction
Pigs
Conclusion
Recommendations
Poultry

CHAPTER 15 - LEGISLATION AND REGULATION - (PDF format)
Codes of Practice and Self-Regulation
Regular Review of Codes of Codes of Practice
Recommendation
Codes of Practice and Legislation
Recommendation

CHAPTER 16 - CONCLUSION - (PDF format)
Introduction
Standards for Husbandry Systems
Recommendation
Activists and Ethologists
Perceptions and Reactions
Community Education
National Consultative Committee on Animal Welfare
Conclusion

APPENDICIES - (PDF format)

APPENDIX 1: List of Witnesses Who Appeared Before the Committee (Intensive Livestock Production)
APPENDIX 2: Establishments and Properties Formally Inspected
APPENDIX 3: Australian and New Zealand Federation of Animal Societies Recommendations on Intensive Egg, Chicken Meat and Pig Production
APPENDIX 4 : Australian Federation for the Welfare of Animals - Membership Details
APPENDIX 5: Australian Veterinary Association Position Statement and Recommendations on Intensive Pig and Poultry Production 283
APPENDIX 6: Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Australia - Policy Statement
APPENDIX 7: Model Code Of Practice for the Welfare of Animals - No. 2 The Domestic Fowl
APPENDIX 8: Model Code Of Practice for the Welfare of Animals - No. 1 The Pig