Chapter 1 - Introduction

[1]        Journals of the Senate, No. 25, 8 February 2017, pp. 860–861.

[2]        Journals of the Senate, 2017, No. 25, 8 February 2017, p. 860.

[3]        Journals of the Senate, No. 50, 9 August 2017, p. 1636.

[4]        Senate Select Committee on the Establishment of a National Integrity Commission, Interim Report, May 2016, p. 2.

[5]        Senate Select Committee on the Establishment of a National Integrity Commission, Interim Report, May 2016, p. 39.

[6]        Parliamentary Joint Committee on Corporations and Financial Services, Whistleblower protections in the corporate, public and not-for-profit sectors, https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Joint/Corporations_and_Financial_Services/WhistleblowerProtections (accessed 29 August 2017). 

[7]        Joint Standing Committee on Electoral Matters, Inquiry into and report on all aspects of the conduct of the 2016 Federal Election and matters related thereto, https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Joint/Electoral_Matters/2016Election (accessed 15 August 2017). To date, the committee has released three interim reports.

[8]        Joint Standing Committee on Electoral Matters, 'Review of political donations commences', Media release, 22 August 2017, available: https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Joint/Electoral_Matters/2016Election/Media_Releases (accessed 29 August 2017).

[9]        Select Committee into the Political Influence of Donations, further information available at: https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Political_Influence_of_Donations (accessed 29 August 2017).

[10]      Independent Parliamentary Expense Authority, http://www.ipea.gov.au/ (accessed 29 August 2017). 

[11]      Australian Research Council Linkage Project, Discussion Paper #1: Strengthening Australia’s National Integrity System: Priorities for Reform, March 2017, p. iv.

[12]      Transparency International Australia, Submission 21, p. 3.

[13]      Australian Research Council Linkage Project, Discussion Paper #1: Strengthening Australia’s National Integrity System: Priorities for Reform, March 2017, p. iv.

[14]      Australian Research Council Linkage Project, Discussion Paper #1: Strengthening Australia’s National Integrity System: Priorities for Reform, March 2017, p. iv.

Chapter 2 - The current multi-agency framework

[1]        2013–14, p. 236; 2014–15, p. 46; 2015–16, p. 27.

[2]        Mr Paul Casimir, Director, Integrity, Australian Public Service Commission (APSC), Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, p. 16. See also: APSC, answers to questions on notice, 5 July 2017 (received 3 August 2017).

[3]        Ms Nicole Rose PSM, Deputy Secretary, Criminal Justice Group, Attorney-General's Department (AGD), Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, p. 28.

[4]        Crimes (Superannuation Benefits) Act 1989, s. 2.

[5]        Law Enforcement Integrity Commission Act 2006, s. 19.

[6]        Law Enforcement Integrity Commission Act 2006, s. 5.

[7]        Law Enforcement Integrity Commission Act 2006, s. 5.

[8]        This term is defined at s. 6 of the Law Enforcement Integrity Commission Act 2006.

[9]        Law Enforcement Integrity Commission Act 2006, s. 5.

[10]      Law Enforcement Integrity Commission Act 2006, s. 5.

[11]      Transparency International Australia, Submission 21, p. 7.

[12]      Law Enforcement Integrity Commission Act 2006, s. 19.

[13]      Mr Michael Griffin AM, Integrity Commissioner, Australian Commission for Law Enforcement Integrity (ACLEI), Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, pp. 46­­­–47.

[14]      Parliamentary Joint Committee on the Australian Commission for Law Enforcement Integrity (PJCACLEI), Inquiry into the Operation of the Law Enforcement Integrity Commissioner ACT 2006: Final Report, July 2011.

[15]      PJCACLEI, Inquiry into the Operation of the Law Enforcement Integrity Commissioner ACT 2006: Final Report, July 2011, pp. 21–27.

[16]      PJCACLEI, Inquiry into the Operation of the Law Enforcement Integrity Commissioner ACT 2006: Final Report, July 2011, p. 26.

[17]      PJCACLEI, Inquiry into the Operation of the Law Enforcement Integrity Commissioner ACT 2006: Final Report, July 2011, p. 27.

[18]      PJCACLEI, Inquiry into the Operation of the Law Enforcement Integrity Commissioner ACT 2006: Final Report, July 2011, p. 27.

[19]      Commonwealth of Australia, Australian Government Response to: Parliamentary Joint Committee on the Australian Commission for Law Enforcement Integrity – Final Report: Inquiry into the Operation of the Law Enforcement Integrity Commission Act 2006, February 2012, p. 5.

[20]      Australian Federal Police Act 1979, s. 41.

[21]      Australian Border Force Act 2015, s. 4.

[22]      Ms Margaret Stone, Inspector-General of Intelligence and Security, Office of the Inspector‑General of Intelligence and Security (IGIS), Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 46.

[23]      Inspector‑General of Intelligence and Security Act 1986, s. 4.

[24]      IGIS, Submission 10, p. 2 (citations omitted).

[25]      IGIS, Submission 10, p. 4 (citations omitted).

[26]      Other agencies referred to as playing 'a role safeguarding the integrity of government administration' include: the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority; the Department of Human Services; the Department of Defence; the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade; Treasury; the Australian Taxation Office; the Fair Work Ombudsman; the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission; the Inspectors-General of Taxation, Intelligence and Security and Defence; the Australian Electoral Commission (AEC), the Department of Finance; the Office of National Assessments; and the Parliamentary Service Commissioner. In addition, individual agencies are responsible for implementing internal policies to prevent, detect, investigate and respond to corruption and misconduct under the Commonwealth's fraud control policy, the Australian Public Service (APS) values, the APS Code of Conduct and the Public Service Act 1999. See AGD, Submission 23 [2016], p. 5.

[27]      AGD, Submission 23 (2016), pp. 2–5.

[28]      APSC, Submission 16 (2016), p. 3.

[29]      Ms Rose, AGD, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, p. 25.

[30]      Ms Rose, AGD, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, p. 25.

[31]      Ms Rose, AGD, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, p. 25.

[32]      Ms Rose, AGD, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, p. 25.

[33]      Ms Rose, AGD, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, p. 25.

[34]      Ms Doris Gibbs, Acting Commonwealth Ombudsman, Office of the Commonwealth Ombudsman (Commonwealth Ombudsman), Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 47.

[35]      Ms Rose, AGD, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, p. 25.         

[36]      AGD, Submission 23 [2016], p. 3.

[37]      Senate Standing Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs, AGD, Additional estimates 2016-17, response to Question no. AE16/050, 9 February 2016, p. 1.

[38]      AGD, Submission 23 [2016], p. 3.

[39]      Ms Kelly Williams, Assistant Secretary, Criminal Law Policy Branch, AGD, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, p. 27.

[40]      Ms Rose, AGD, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, p. 25.

[41]      AGD, Submission 23 [2016], p. 3.

[42]      Senate Standing Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs, AGD, Additional estimates 2016-17, response to Question no. AE16/050, 9 February 2016, pp. 1–2.

[43]      The Case Categorisation and Prioritisation Model (CCPM) assists with the consideration by the Australian Federal Police (AFP) of issues which lead to the acceptance, rejection, termination, finalisation or resourcing of its operations. Corruption is listed as one of the incident types. Further, the CCPM ranks the impact of 'corruption by a public official (including within Australian and bribery of a foreign official in other county)' as high. See, AFP, The Case Categorisation & Prioritisation Model: Guidance for AFP Clients, 1 July 2016, https://www.afp.gov.au/sites/default/files/PDF/ccpm-july-2016.pdf (accessed 22 June 2017).

[44]      AFP, Fraud and Anti-corruption Centre fact sheet, https://www.afp.gov.au/sites/default/files/PDF/fac-centre-fact-sheet.pdf (accessed 22 June 2017).

[45]      AGD, Submission 23 [2016], p. 10.

[46]      AGD, Submission 23 [2016], p. 10.

[47]      AGD, Submission 23 [2016], p. 10.

[48]      The Hon. Michael Keenan MP, Minister for Justice, 'AFP-Hosted Fraud and Anti-Corruption Centre', Media release, 31 July 2014.

[49]      The Fraud and Anti-corruption Centre team based in Perth was established in September 2016.

[50]      Senate Standing Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs, AGD, Additional estimates 2016-17, response to Question no. AE16/050, 9 February 2016, p. 2.

[51]      AGD, Submission 11, p. 4.

[52]      The Hon. Michael Keenan MP, Press conference transcript, 5 September 2016.

[53]      Commander Peter Crozier, Manager, Criminal Assets, Fraud and Anti-Corruption, AFP, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, p. 33.

[54]      Commander Crozier, AFP, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, p. 33.

[55]      Commander Crozier, AFP, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, p. 34.

[56]      Commander Crozier, AFP, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, p. 34.

[57]      AFP, answers to questions on notice, 5 July 2017 (received 16 August 2017).

[58]      AFP, answers to questions on notice, 5 July 2017 (received 16 August 2017).

[59]      AFP, answers to questions on notice, 5 July 2017 (received 16 August 2017).

[60]      AFP, answers to questions on notice, 5 July 2017 (received 16 August 2017).

[61]      Commander Crozier, AFP, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, p. 34.

[62]      AFP, answers to questions on notice (private briefing), 5 May 2017 (received 15 May 2017).  

[63]      AFP, answers to questions on notice (private briefing), 5 May 2017 (received 15 May 2017).   

[64]      AFP, answers to questions on notice (private briefing), 5 May 2017 (received 15 May 2017).  

[65]      AFP, answers to questions on notice (private briefing), 5 May 2017 (received 15 May 2017).  

[66]      Commander Crozier, AFP, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, pp. 34–35.

[67]      Mr Tony Alderman, Manager, Government and Communications, AFP, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, p. 35.

[68]      Commander Crozier, AFP, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, p. 36.

[69]      Commander Crozier, AFP, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, p. 37.

[70]      Commander Crozier, AFP, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, p. 37.

[71]      AGD, Submission 23 [2016], p. 11.

[72]      ACLEI, Submission 12, p. 1.

[73]      Law Enforcement Integrity Commissioner Act 2006, ss. 3(1).

[74]      ACLEI, Submission 12, p. 3.

[75]      ACLEI, Submission 12, p. 3.

[76]      ACLEI, Submission 12, p. 4.

[77]      Such as the use of illicit drugs.

[78]      PJCACLEI, Inquiry into the jurisdiction of the Australian Commission for Law Enforcement Integrity, ACLEI, Submission 1, p. 3.

[79]      PJCACLEI, Inquiry into the jurisdiction of the Australian Commission for Law Enforcement Integrity, ACLEI, Submission 1, p. 3.

[80]      Under the Telecommunications (Interception and Access) Act 1979.

[81]      Under the Surveillance Devices Act 2004.

[82]      Under the Crimes Act 1914.

[83]      Under the Crimes Act 1914.

[84]      PJCACLEI, Inquiry into the jurisdiction of the Australian Commission for Law Enforcement Integrity, ACLEI, Submission 1, p. 4.

[85]      PJCACLEI, Inquiry into the jurisdiction of the Australian Commission for Law Enforcement Integrity, ACLEI, Submission 1, p. 4.

[86]      Witness Protection Act 1994, s. 3.

[87]      Mr Griffin, ACLEI, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, p. 44.

[88]      Mr Griffin, ACLEI, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, p. 44.

[89]      Mr Griffin, ACLEI, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, p. 43.

[90]      ACLEI, Submission 12, p. 8.

[91]      Law Enforcement Integrity Commissioner Act 2006, s. 6.

[92]      ACLEI, Submission 12, p. 8.

[93]      Law Enforcement Integrity Commissioner Act 2006, s. 10.

[94]      The Australian Capital Territory's police force is also included in ACLEI's jurisdiction.

[95]      The National Crime Authority was abolished in 2002.

[96]      The Australian Crime Commission is now known as the Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission.

[97]      The Hon. Philip Ruddock MP, Attorney-General, House of Representatives Hansard, 29 March 2006, p. 9.

[98]      ACLEI's oversight of the Department of Agriculture and Water Resources includes approximately 1000 staff and its biosecurity role in screening sea cargo: Mr Griffin, ACLEI, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, p. 41.

[99]      PJCACLEI, Inquiry into the jurisdiction of the ACLEI, May 2016, p. 2.

[100]    PJCACLEI, Inquiry into the jurisdiction of the ACLEI, May 2016, pp. 7–9.

[101]    ACLEI, Submission 12, p. 7.

[102]    PJCACLEI, Inquiry into the Operation of the Law Enforcement Integrity Commissioner Act 2006: Interim report, February 2010, p. vii.

[103]    Government response to PJCACLEI, Inquiry into the Operation of the Law Enforcement Integrity Commissioner Act 2006: Interim report, February 2010 , dated September 2010, https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Joint/Australian_Commission_for_Law_Enforcement_Integrity/Completed_inquiries/2010-13/integrity_com_act/index.

[104]    PJCACLEI, Inquiry into the Operation of the Law Enforcement Integrity Commissioner Act 2006: Final Report, July 2011, p. 2.

[105]    PJCACLEI, Inquiry into the Operation of the Law Enforcement Integrity Commissioner Act 2006: Final Report, July 2011, p. 7.

[106]    PJCACLEI, Inquiry into the Operation of the Law Enforcement Integrity Commissioner Act 2006: Final Report, July 2011, p. 8.

[107]    PJCACLEI, Inquiry into the Operation of the Law Enforcement Integrity Commissioner Act 2006: Final Report, July 2011, p. 8.

[108]    PJCACLEI, Inquiry into the Operation of the Law Enforcement Integrity Commissioner Act 2006: Final Report, July 2011, p. 8.

[109]    PJCACLEI, Inquiry into the Operation of the Law Enforcement Integrity Commissioner Act 2006: Final Report, July 2011, p. 8.

[110]    PJCACLEI, Inquiry into the Operation of the Law Enforcement Integrity Commissioner Act 2006: Final Report, July 2011, p. 8.

[111]    PJCACLEI, Inquiry into the Operation of the Law Enforcement Integrity Commissioner Act 2006: Final Report, July 2011, p. 8.

[112]    PJCACLEI, Inquiry into the Operation of the Law Enforcement Integrity Commissioner Act 2006: Final Report, July 2011, pp. 9–16.

[113]    PJCACLEI, Inquiry into the Operation of the Law Enforcement Integrity Commissioner Act 2006: Final Report, July 2011, p. 16.

[114]    PJCACLEI, Inquiry into the Operation of the Law Enforcement Integrity Commissioner Act 2006: Final Report, July 2011, p. 16.

[115]    PJCACLEI, Inquiry into the Operation of the Law Enforcement Integrity Commissioner Act 2006: Final Report, July 2011, p. 34.

[116]    PJCACLEI, Inquiry into the Operation of the Law Enforcement Integrity Commissioner Act 2006: Final Report, July 2011, p. 34.

[117]    PJCACLEI, Inquiry into the Operation of the Law Enforcement Integrity Commissioner Act 2006: Final Report, July 2011, pp. 34–35.

[118]    PJCACLEI, Inquiry into the Operation of the Law Enforcement Integrity Commissioner Act 2006: Final Report, July 2011, p. 35.

[119]    Government response to PJCACLEI, Inquiry into the Operation of the Law Enforcement Integrity Commissioner Act 2006: Final Report, July 2011, available: https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Joint/Australian_Commission_for_Law_Enforcement_Integrity/Completed_inquiries/2010-13/integrity_com_act/index, p. 3.

[120]    Government response to PJCACLEI, Inquiry into the Operation of the Law Enforcement Integrity Commissioner Act 2006: Final Report, July 2011, available: https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Joint/Australian_Commission_for_Law_Enforcement_Integrity/Completed_inquiries/2010-13/integrity_com_act/index, p. 3.

[121]    Government response to PJCACLEI, Inquiry into the Operation of the Law Enforcement Integrity Commissioner Act 2006: Final Report, July 2011, available: https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Joint/Australian_Commission_for_Law_Enforcement_Integrity/Completed_inquiries/2010-13/integrity_com_act/index, p. 4.

[122]    This reported was in response to the Parliamentary Joint Committee on Law Enforcement's recommending in its report on the gather and use of criminal intelligence that the PJCACLEI consider expanding ACLEI's jurisdiction to include Australian Securities and Investment Commission (ASIC), the AGD and the ATO.

[123]    The DIBP had been included in ACLEI's jurisdiction as of 1 July 2015.

[124]    PJCACLEI, Inquiry into the jurisdiction of the ACLEI, May 2016, p. 2.

[125]    PJCACLEI, Inquiry into the jurisdiction of the ACLEI, May 2016, p. 2.

[126]    PJCACLEI, Inquiry into the jurisdiction of the ACLEI, May 2016, p. 11.

[127]    PJCACLEI, Inquiry into the jurisdiction of the ACLEI, May 2016, p. 11.

[128]    PJCACLEI, Inquiry into the jurisdiction of the ACLEI, May 2016, p. 14.

[129]    PJCACLEI, Inquiry into the jurisdiction of the ACLEI, May 2016, p. 14.

[130]    PJCACLEI, Inquiry into the jurisdiction of the ACLEI, May 2016, p. 15.

[131]    PJCACLEI, Inquiry into the jurisdiction of the ACLEI, May 2016, p. 28.

[132]    PJCACLEI, Inquiry into the jurisdiction of the ACLEI, May 2016, p. 32.

[133]    Mr Griffin, ACLEI, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, p. 41.

[134]    Mr Griffin, ACLEI, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, p. 42.

[135]    Mr Griffin, ACLEI, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, p. 42.

[136]    ACLEI, Submission 12, p. 7.

[137]    ACLEI, Submission 12, p. 3.

[138]    ACLEI, Submission 12, p. 4.

[139]    ACLEI, Submission 12, p. 4.

[140]    ACLEI's submission to the PJCACLEI's Inquiry into jurisdiction of the ACLEI, Submission 1, p. 2.

[141]    ALCEI, Submission 12, p. 8.

[142]    ACLEI, Submission 12, p. 8.

[143]    Mr Griffin, ACLEI, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, p. 43.

[144]    Mr Griffin, ACLEI, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, p. 43.

[145]    Mr Griffin, ACLEI, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, p. 44.

[146]    ACLEI, Submission 12, p. 8.

[147]    ACLEI, Submission 12, p. 9.

[148]    ACLEI, Submission 12, p. 10.

[149]    Mr Griffin, ACLEI, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, p. 45.

[150]    ACLEI, Submission 12, p. 10.

[151]    Section 8 of the Auditor-General Act 1997outlines the independence of the Auditor-General. The Auditor-General has the authority to exercise its functions with complete discretion, and 'is not subject to direction from anyone in relation to: whether or not a particular audit is to be conducted; the way in which a particular audit is to be conducted; or the priority to be given to any particular matter'. The Auditor-General does, however, give consideration to the audit priorities of the Commonwealth Parliament, as determined by the Joint Committee of Public Accounts and Audit. See: Australian National Audit Office (ANAO), Submission 15, p. 2.

[152]    ANAO, Submission 15, p. 1–2.

[153]    Gilbert + Tobin Centre of Public Law (Gilbert + Tobin), Submission 18, Attachment 1, p. 15.

[154]    ANAO, Submission 15, p. 3.

[155]    ANAO, 2016–20 Corporate Plan, https://www.anao.gov.au/work/corporate/anao-2016-20-corporate-plan (accessed 25 August 2017).

[156]    ANAO, Submission 15, p. 3.

[157]    ANAO, Submission 15, p. 3.

[158]    ANAO, Submission 15, p. 3.

[159]    ANAO, Submission 15, p. 3.

[160]    Mr Grant Hehir, Auditor-General, ANAO, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, p. 1.

[161]    ANAO, Submission 15, p. 4.

[162]    ANAO, Submission 15, p. 4

[163]    Auditor-General Act 1997, ss. 17(6)(a).

[164]    ANAO, Submission 15, p. 4.

[165]    ANAO, Submission 15, p. 4.

[166]    ANAO, Defence Material Organisation Major Projects Report 2007–08, Report No. 9     2008–09, 27 November 2008, p. 11.

[167]    Ms Sharon Grierson MP, Chair's tabling speech, Joint Committee of Public Accounts and Audit's Report 411: Progress on equipment acquisition and financial reporting in Defence p. 1, https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/House_of_Representatives_Committees?url=jcpaa/defence/tabling.pdf (accessed 28 June 2017).

[168]    ANAO, Submission 15, p. 5.

[169]    ANAO, Submission 15, p. 5.

[170]    ANAO, Performance Audit, Staff Integrity Measures (Potential), https://www.anao.gov.au/work/performance-audit/staff-integrity-measures (accessed 27 June 2017).

[171]    Mr Hehir, ANAO, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, p. 1.

[172]    Mr Hehir, ANAO, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, p. 2.

[173]    Mr Hehir, ANAO, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, p. 2.

[174]    ANAO, Submission 15, p. 5.

[175]    Mr Hehir, ANAO, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, p. 2.

[176]    Accountable authorities referenced by the ANAO are the AFP, ACLEI and IGIS.

[177]    Mr Hehir, ANAO, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, p. 3.

[178]    Mr Hehir, ANAO, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, p. 4.

[179]    Gilbert + Tobin, Submission 18, Attachment 1, p. 15.

[180]    Gilbert + Tobin, Submission 18, Attachment 1, p. 16.

[181]    Gilbert + Tobin, Submission 18, Attachment 1, p. 16.

[182]    Dr Tom Ioannou, Group Executive Director, ANAO, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, p. 4.

[183]    Dr Ioannou, ANAO, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, p. 4.

[184]    Dr Ioannou, ANAO, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, pp. 4–5.

[185]    APSC, Submission 16 [2016], p. 3.

[186]    APSC, Submission 16 [2016], p. 3.

[187]    APSC, Submission 16 [2016], p. 4.

[188]    APSC, Code of Conduct, 11 February 2016, http://www.apsc.gov.au/managing-in-the-aps/your-rights-and-responsibilities-as-an-aps-employee/code-of-conduct (accessed 26 June 2017).

[189]    APSC, Submission 16 [2016], p. 4.

[190]    APSC, Ethics Advisory Service, 11 February 2016, http://www.apsc.gov.au/working-in-the-aps/your-rights-and-responsibilities-as-an-aps-employee/ethics-advisory-service (accessed 28 August 2017).

[191]    The APSC does not: provide counselling or act as an agency's Employee Assistance Programme; undertake case management or provide an advocacy service for APS employees; provide avenue for complain resolution; provide legal advice; and accept whistleblower reports. See APSC, Ethics Advisory Service, 11 February 2016, http://www.apsc.gov.au/working-in-the-aps/your-rights-and-responsibilities-as-an-aps-employee/ethics-advisory-service (accessed 28 August 2017).

[192]    APSC, Ethics Advisory Service, 11 February 2016, http://www.apsc.gov.au/working-in-the-aps/your-rights-and-responsibilities-as-an-aps-employee/ethics-advisory-service (accessed 28 August 2017).

[193]    APSC, Submission 1, p. 2.

[194]    APSC, Submission 16 [2016], p. 3.

[195]    APSC survey defines corruption as the 'dishonest or biased exercise of a Commonwealth public official's functions. A distinguishing characteristic of corrupt behaviour is that it involves conduct that would usually justify serious penalties, such as termination of employment or criminal prosecution'.

[196]    This figure was 3.6 per cent in 2014–15. See, APSC, State of the Service Report 2014–15, p. 46.

[197]    APSC, State of the Service Report 2015–16, p. 27.

[198]    APSC, State of the Service Report 2015–16, pp. 27–28.

[199]    On notice, the APSC provided further information about misconduct inquiries undertaken by the APS agencies into alleged corrupt behaviour between 2013 and 2016. See: APSC, answers to questions on notice, 5 July 2017 (received 19 July 2017).

[200]    APSC, Submission 16 [2016], p. 1.

[201]    Ms Gibbs, Commonwealth Ombudsman, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 46.

[202]    Gilbert + Tobin, Submission 18, Attachment 1, p. 10.

[203]    Ms Gibbs, Commonwealth Ombudsman, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 46.

[204]    AGD, Submission 23 [2016], p. 5.

[205]    Commonwealth Ombudsman, Dealing with the Commonwealth Ombudsman's office, available: http://www.ombudsman.gov.au/about/what-we-do/information-for-agencies#Jurisdiction (accessed 26 June 2017).

[206]    Commonwealth Ombudsman Act 1976, ss. 9(4).

[207]    Commonwealth Ombudsman Act 1976, s. 9.

[208]    Commonwealth Ombudsman Act 1976, s. 13.

[209]    Commonwealth Ombudsman Act 1976, s. 14.

[210]    Ms Gibbs, Commonwealth Ombudsman, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 46.

[211]    The Commonwealth Ombudsman Act 1979 distinguishes between a serious corruption issue and a corruption issue. If a matter is deemed a corruption issue, than the Commonwealth Ombudsman 'may decide not to investigate the complaint, or not to investigate the complaint further, as the case may be, and to refer the allegation or information to the Integrity Commissioner'. If a matter is considered a serious corruption issue, than the Ombudsman 'must not investigate the complaint' and it must be referred to the Integrity Commissioner (for agencies within ACLEI's jurisdiction). See Commonwealth Ombudsman Act 1976, ss. 6(16), ss. 6(17).   

[212]    Commonwealth Ombudsman Act 1976, ss. 6(16), ss. 6(17).

[213]    See Commonwealth Ombudsman Act 1976, ss. 5(1).

[214]    The term 'administrative action' is not defined under the Commonwealth Ombudsman Act 1976; instead it is broadly interpreted to include 'policy development, commercial conduct, the exercise of statutory responsibilities law enforcement activities, decisions on application for benefits or concessions, compensation decisions, and decisions on applications made under the Freed of Information Act 1982'. See, Commonwealth Ombudsman, Dealing with the Commonwealth Ombudsman's office, http://www.ombudsman.gov.au/about/what-we-do/information-for-agencies#Jurisdiction (accessed 26 June 2017).

[215]    Commonwealth Ombudsman, Dealing with the Commonwealth Ombudsman's office, available: http://www.ombudsman.gov.au/about/what-we-do/information-for-agencies#Jurisdiction (accessed 26 June 2017).

[216]    See Commonwealth Ombudsman Act 1979, ss. 5(2).

[217]    See the IGIS for further details (see paragraph 2.174 to 2.179).

[218]    Commonwealth Ombudsman, Dealing with the Commonwealth Ombudsman's office, available: http://www.ombudsman.gov.au/about/what-we-do/information-for-agencies#Jurisdiction (accessed 26 June 2017).

[219]    Commonwealth Ombudsman, answers to questions on notice, 16 June 2017 (received 10 July 2017).

[220]    Commonwealth Ombudsman, answers to questions on notice, 16 June 2017 (received 10 July 2017).

[221]    Ms Gibbs, Commonwealth Ombudsman, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 48.

[222]    Strategy branches include the defence force, immigration, law enforcement, the postal industry and private health insurance.          

[223]    Ms Gibbs, Commonwealth Ombudsman, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 48.

[224]    Gilbert + Tobin, Submission 18, Attachment 1, p. 15.

[225]    Gilbert + Tobin, Submission 18, Attachment 1, p. 15.

[226]    IGIS, Submission 10, p. 2.

[227]    IGIS, Submission 10, p. 2.

[228]    IGIS, Submission 10, p. 2.

[229]    IGIS, Submission 10, p. 4.

[230]    Ms Stone, IGIS, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 46.

[231]    IGIS, Submission 10, p. 3.

[232]    IGIS, Submission 10, p. 3.

[233]    IGIS, Submission 10, p. 3.

[234]    IGIS, Submission 10, p. 3.

[235]    IGIS, Submission 10, p. 4.

[236]    IGIS, Submission 10, p. 4.

[237]    IGIS, Submission 10, p. 4.

[238]    Mr Tom Rogers, Electoral Commissioner, AEC, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 35.

[239]    Mr Rogers, AEC, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 35.

[240]    AEC, Financial Disclosure, 1 February 2017, available: http://www.aec.gov.au/Parties_and_Representatives/financial_disclosure/ (accessed 28 June 2017).

[241]    Mr Rogers, AEC, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 35.

[242]    AEC, Financial Disclosure, 1 February 2017, http://www.aec.gov.au/Parties_and_Representatives/financial_disclosure/ (accessed 28 June 2017).

[243]    AEC, Disclosure threshold, 19 May 2016, http://www.aec.gov.au/Parties_and_Representatives/public_funding/threshold.htm (accessed 28 June 2017).

[244]    AEC, Financial Disclosure, 1 February 2017, http://www.aec.gov.au/Parties_and_Representatives/financial_disclosure/ (accessed 28 June 2017).

[245]    AEC, Financial Disclosure, 1 February 2017, http://www.aec.gov.au/Parties_and_Representatives/financial_disclosure/ (accessed 28 June 2017).

[246]    AEC, Financial Disclosure, 1 February 2017, http://www.aec.gov.au/Parties_and_Representatives/financial_disclosure/ (accessed 28 June 2017).

[247]    Mr Rogers, AEC, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 35.

[248]    Mr Rogers, AEC, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 35.

[249]    Mr Rogers, AEC, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 35.

[250]    Mr Rogers, AEC, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 35.

[251]    Mr Rogers, AEC, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 35.

[252]    AEC, Electoral Integrity Framework, http://www.aec.gov.au/About_AEC/Publications/electoral-integrity-framework/framework.htm (accessed 28 June 2017).

[253]    Mr Rogers, AEC, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 35.

[254]    Mr Rogers, AEC, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 35.

[255]    Professor Anne Twomey, Committee Hansard, 12 May 2017, p. 13.

[256]    One example the AEC provided was in New South Wales, which had established a 'separate Electoral Funding Authority that was connected to but separate from the New South Wales Electoral Commission'.  The outcome of this authority was not optimal, and was subsequently reverted to a single NSW Electoral Commission. See, Mr Rogers, AEC, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 36.

[257]    Mr Rogers, AEC, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 36.

[258]    Mr Rogers, AEC, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 36.

[259]    Mr Rogers, AEC, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 36.

[260]    Mr Paul Pirani, Chief Legal Officer, AEC, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 37.

[261]    Mr Pirani, AEC, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 36.

[262]    Mr Pirani, AEC, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 37.

[263]    AFP, answers to questions on notice, 5 July 2017 (received 16 August 2017).

[264]    AFP, answers to questions on notice, 5 July 2017 (received 16 August 2017).

[265]    AFP, answers to questions on notice, 5 July 2017 (received 16 August 2017).

[266]    Mr Rogers, AEC, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 40.

[267]    Mr Rogers, AEC, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 40.

[268]    Felicity Caldwell, '"Real time" political donations reports to have seven-day delay', Brisbane Times, 23 February 2017,  http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/queensland/real-time-political-donations-reports-to-have-sevenday-delay-20170223-gujcom.html (accessed 31 May 2017).

[269]    Mr Rogers, AEC, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 40.

[270]    ASIC, Our role, http://asic.gov.au/about-asic/what-we-do/our-role/ (accessed 24 August 2017).

[271]    Australian Securities and Investments Commission Act 2001, s. 243.

[272]    AGD, Submission 23 [2016], p. 5.

[273]    Australian Securities and Investments Commission Act 2001, s. 13.

[274]    Australian Securities and Investments Commission Act 2001, s. 63–s. 67.

[275]    ASIC, Submission to the Parliamentary Joint Committee on the Australian Commission for Law Enforcement Integrity inquiry into the jurisdiction of the Australian Commission for Law Enforcement Integrity, p. 6. 

[276]    ASIC, Submission to the Parliamentary Joint Committee on the Australian Commission for Law Enforcement Integrity inquiry into the jurisdiction of the Australian Commission for Law Enforcement Integrity, p. 6 (citations omitted).

[277]    PJCACLEI, Inquiry into the jurisdiction of the Australian Commission for Law Enforcement Integrity, May 2016, p. 30.

[278]    Accountability Round Table, Submission 31 [2016], p. 3.

[279]    Mr Trevor Clarke, Director of Industrial and Legal Policy, Australian Council of Trade Unions, Committee Hansard, 17 May 2017, p. 26.

[280]    AGD, Submission 11, p. 4.

[281]    AGD, Submission 11, p. 5.

[282]    AGD, Submission 23 [2016], p. 4.

[283]    AGD, Submission 11, p. 4.

[284]    AGD, Submission 23 [2016], p. 3.

[285]    AGD, Submission 23 [2016], p. 4. 

[286]    AGD, Submission 23 [2016], p. 5. 

[287]    AGD, Submission 23 [2016], p. 5. 

[288]    AGD, Submission 23 [2016], p. 1. 

[289]    AGD, Submission 23 [2016], p. 6.

[290]    ACLEI, Submission 12, p. 8.

[291]    ACLEI, Submission 12, p. 8.

[292]    Mr Griffin, ACLEI, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, p. 52.

[293]    Mr Forbes Smith, Chief Executive Officer, Crime and Corruption Commission (Qld CCC), answers to questions on notice, 15 May 2017 (received 23 May 2017), p. 1.

[294]    Mr Smith, Qld CCC, answers to questions on notice, 15 May 2017 (received 23 May 2017), p. 1.

[295]    APSC, Submission 16 [2016], p. 3.

[296]    AGD, Submission 23 [2016], p. 6.

[297]    Law Council of Australia, Submission 18 [2016], p. 6.

[298]    Commonwealth Ombudsman, Annual report 2013–14, p. 66.

[299]    The Hon. Mark Dreyfus MP, House of Representatives Hansard, 19 June 2013, p. 6407.

[300]    Commonwealth Ombudsman, Public Interest Disclosure, http://www.ombudsman.gov.au/about/making-a-disclosure (accessed 29 June 2017).

[301]    IGIS is responsible for those intelligence agencies under its jurisdiction.

[302]    Ms Brigid Simpson, Acting Director, Public Interest Disclosure Team, Commonwealth Ombudsman, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 49.

[303]    Ms Simpson, Commonwealth Ombudsman, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 49.

[304]    Mr Rodney Lee Walsh, Acting Deputy Ombudsman, Commonwealth Ombudsman, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 49.

[305]    Mr Walsh, Commonwealth Ombudsman, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 49.

[306]    Ms Doris Gibb, Commonwealth Ombudsman, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 46.

[307]    Ms Simpson, Commonwealth Ombudsman, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 49.

[308]    Mr Philip Moss AM, Review of the Public Interest Disclosure Act 2013, p. 6.

[309]    Mr Moss, Review of the Public Interest Disclosure Act 2013, p. 6.

[310]    AGD, Submission 11, p. 6.

[311]    AGD, Submission 11, p. 5.

[312]    AGD, Submission 11, p. 6.

[313]    Commonwealth Ombudsman, Annual report 2013–14, p. 68.

[314]    Commonwealth Ombudsman, Annual report 2013–14, p. 69.

[315]    Commonwealth Ombudsman, Annual report 2013–14, p. 68.

[316]    Commonwealth Ombudsman, Annual report 2015–16, p. 72.

[317]    Department of Finance, Transitional arrangements, http://www.finance.gov.au/resource-management/pgpa-legislation/transition/  (accessed 23 August 2017).

[318]    Public Governance, Performance and Accountability Act 2013, s. 5.

[319]    Department of Finance, PGPA Act 2013, http://www.finance.gov.au/resource-management/pgpa-act/ (accessed 23 August 2017).

[320]    AGD, Submission 23 [2016], pp. 7–8.

[321]    AGD, Commonwealth Fraud Control Framework, 2014, https://www.ag.gov.au/CrimeAndCorruption/FraudControl/Documents/CommonwealthFraudControlFramework2014-NotAccessible.pdf (accessed 28 August 2017), pp. B2–B3

[322]    Submission 23 [2016], p. 8.

[323]    Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet (DPMC), Open Government Partnership – Australia, available: http://ogpau.pmc.gov.au/australias-first-open-government-national-action-plan-2016-18/introduction (accessed 30 June 2017).

[324]    Civil society refers to people and organisations outside of government, including non‑government organisations, businesses, academia, community groups and the public.

[325]    AGD, Submission 11, p. 4.

[326]    Ms Rose, AGD, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, p. 25.

[327]    The Government Business Roundtable on Anti-corruption was held on 31 March 2016. This roundtable brought together representatives from government and business to consider the cooperation and consultation on anti-corruption work, including discussion about steps to be taken to better protect Australian businesses from corruption. See, AGD, Submission 11, p. 5.

[328]    DPMC, Australia's first Open Government National Action Plan 2016–18, http://ogpau.pmc.gov.au/australias-first-open-government-national-action-plan-2016-18  (accessed 30 June 2017).

[329]    Mr William Story, Assistant Secretary, Strategic Coordination Unit, DPMC, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, p. 6.

[330]    Civil society representatives are from groups interested in open data, anti-corruption, integrity measures and accountability, expertise in international matters and legal groups. See, Mr Story, DPMC, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, p. 7.

[331]    DPMC, Join Australia's first Open Government Forum, http://ogpau.pmc.gov.au/2017/06/08/join-australias-first-open-government-forum  (accessed 30 June 2017).

[332]    Mr Story, DPMC, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, p. 7.

[333]    Mr Story, DPMC, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, p. 6.

[334]    AGD, answers to questions on notice, 5 July 2017 (received 28 July 2017).

[335]    Mr Story, DPMC, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, p. 8.

[336]    AGD, Proposed amendments to the foreign bribery offence in the Criminal Code Act 1995, https://www.ag.gov.au/Consultations/Pages/Proposed-amendments-to-the-foreign-bribery-offence-in-the-criminal-code-act-1995.aspx (accessed 22 August 2017).

[337]    Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions, Paris, 17 December 1997, entry into force 17 December 1999, [1999] ATS 21.

[338]    Mr Tom Sharp, Acting Director, Criminal Law Reform Section, AGD, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, p. 27.

[339]    AGD, Proposed amendments to the foreign bribery offence in the Criminal Code Act 1995, https://www.ag.gov.au/Consultations/Pages/Proposed-amendments-to-the-foreign-bribery-offence-in-the-criminal-code-act-1995.aspx (accessed 22 August 2017).

[340]    Ms Rose, AGD, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, p. 26.

[341]    AGD, Proposed model for a deferred prosecution agreement scheme in Australia, https://www.ag.gov.au/Consultations/Pages/Proposed-model-for-a-deferred-prosecution-agreement-scheme-in-australia.aspx (accessed 30 June 2017).

[342]    AGD, Proposed model for a deferred prosecution agreement scheme in Australia, https://www.ag.gov.au/Consultations/Pages/Proposed-model-for-a-deferred-prosecution-agreement-scheme-in-australia.aspx (accessed 30 June 2017).

[343]    AGD, Proposed model for a deferred prosecution agreement scheme in Australia, https://www.ag.gov.au/Consultations/Pages/Proposed-model-for-a-deferred-prosecution-agreement-scheme-in-australia.aspx (accessed 30 June 2017).

[344]    AGD, Proposed model for a deferred prosecution agreement scheme in Australia, https://www.ag.gov.au/Consultations/Pages/Proposed-model-for-a-deferred-prosecution-agreement-scheme-in-australia.aspx (accessed 30 June 2017).

[345]    Ms Rose, AGD, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, p. 26.

[346]    AGD, Submission 11, p. 7.

[347]    The Treasury, Increasing transparency of the beneficial ownership of companies, http://www.treasury.gov.au/ConsultationsandReviews/Consultations/2017/Beneficial-ownership-of-companies (accessed 22 August 2017).

[348]    AGD, Submission 11, p. 7.

[349]    AGD, Submission 23 [2016], p. 8.

[350]    AGD, Submission 11, p. 8.

[351]    The Senate, Standing Orders and other orders of the Senate, August 2015, SO 26. 

[352]    The Senate, Standing Orders and other orders of the Senate, August 2015, SO 25(2)(a) and 25(20).

[353]    Harry Evans and Rosemary Laing, eds, Odgers' Australian Senate Practice, 14^th Edition, Department of the Senate, 2016, p. 478. 

[354]    Harry Evans and Rosemary Laing, eds, Odgers' Australian Senate Practice, 14^th Edition, Department of the Senate, 2016, p. 655.

[355]    Senator the Hon. David Johnston and Rear Admiral Robyn Walker AM, Commander Joint Health Command, Department of Defence, Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade Legislation Committee, Committee Hansard, 17 October 2012, pp. 31–32. 

[356]    Mr Michael Pezzullo, Secretary, Department of Immigration and Border Protection (DIBP), Committee Hansard, 20 October 2014, pp. 142–143.

[357]    Parliament of Australia, Joint Standing Committee on Public Accounts and Audit—Role of the Committee, https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Joint/Public_Accounts_and_Audit/Role_of_the_Committee#history (accessed 29 August 2017).

[358]    Public Accounts and Audit Committee Act 1951, ss. 8(1).

[359]    Joint Parliamentary Committee on Public Accounts and Audit, Report 462: Commonwealth Infrastructure Spending, June 2017.

[360]    Harry Evans and Rosemary Laing, eds, Odgers' Australian Senate Practice, 14^th Edition, Department of the Senate, 2016, p. 461. 

[361]    Harry Evans and Rosemary Laing, eds, Odgers' Australian Senate Practice, 14^th Edition, Department of the Senate, 2016, p. 462. 

[362]    House of Representatives Standing Committee on Economics, Review of the Reserve Bank of Australia Annual Report 2011 (Second Report), October 2012, pp. 16–20.

[363]    PJCACLEI, Integrity of overseas Commonwealth law enforcement operations, June 2013.

[364]    Journals of the Senate, 16 August 2017, p. 1733.

[365]    Joint Standing Committee on Electoral Matters, Second interim report on the inquiry into the conduct of the 2016 federal election: Foreign Donations, March 2017, pp. xii–xiv.

[366]    Journals of the Senate, 17 August 2017, p. 1760.

[367]    Harry Evans and Rosemary Laing, eds, Odgers' Australian Senate Practice, 14^th Edition, Department of the Senate, p. 620.  

[368]    Harry Evans and Rosemary Laing, eds, Odgers' Australian Senate Practice, 14^th Edition, Department of the Senate, p. 620.  

[369]    Harry Evans and Rosemary Laing, eds, Odgers' Australian Senate Practice, 14^th Edition, Department of the Senate, p. 623.  

[370]    Harry Evans and Rosemary Laing, eds, Odgers' Australian Senate Practice, 14^th Edition, Department of the Senate, p. 623.  

[371]    The Senate, Standing Orders and other order of the Senate, August 2015, SO 164.

[372]    Harry Evans and Rosemary Laing, eds, Odgers' Australian Senate Practice, 14^th Edition, Department of the Senate, p. 581.

[373]    Harry Evans and Rosemary Laing, eds, Odgers' Australian Senate Practice, 14^th Edition, Department of the Senate, p. 582.

[374]    Harry Evans and Rosemary Laing, eds, Odgers' Australian Senate Practice, 14^th Edition, Department of the Senate, p. 588

[375]    Harry Evans and Rosemary Laing, eds, Odgers' Australian Senate Practice, 14^th Edition, Department of the Senate, p. 586

[376]    Harry Evans and Rosemary Laing, eds, Odgers' Australian Senate Practice, 14^th Edition, Department of the Senate, p. 588.

[377]    See for example the House of Representatives Standing Committee on Privileges and Members' Interests, Report into whether the former Member for Dobell, Mr Craig Thomson, in a statement to the House on 21 May 2012 deliberately misled the House, March 2016.

[378]    The Senate, Registration and declaration of senators' interests, 17 March 1994. 

[379]    The House of Representatives, Registration of Members' interests, 9 October 1984.

[380]    For a discussion of this statutory test, see Senate Standing Committee of Privileges, 162^nd Report: Inquiry into possible false or misleading evidence given to the former Nauru select committee, May 2016, pp. 2–3.

[381]    Harry Evans and Rosemary Laing, eds, Odgers' Australian Senate Practice, 14^th edition, Department of the Senate, 2016, p. 789.

[382]    Harry Evans and Rosemary Laing, eds, Odgers' Australian Senate Practice, 14^th edition, Department of the Senate, 2016, pp. 791–792.

[383]    Bernard Wright, ed, House of Representatives Practice, 6^th edition, Department of the House of Representatives, 2012, pp. 752–753.

[384]    See, for example: Queensland Parliament, Ethics Committee, Report No. 155, Matter of privilege referred by the Speaker on 20 May 2014 relating to an alleged inducement offered to a member and associated matters, June 2015; Queensland Parliament, Ethics Committee, Report No. 172, Matter of privilege referred by the Speaker on 15 September 2016 relating to an alleged deliberate misleading of the Parliament, December 2016.

[385]    Journals of the Senate, No. 71, 24 November 2011, p. 1945.

[386]    The Hon. John Hogg, President of the Senate, Senate Hansard, 23 November 2011, p. 9380.

[387]    Senate Standing Committee of Privileges, 150th Report: Whether there was any improper influence in relation to political donations made by Mr Graeme Wood and questions without notice asked by Senator Bob Brown and Senator Milne, March 2012, pp. 4–5. The relevant parts of Privilege Resolution 6 are quoted above at paragraph 3.308.

[388]    Senate Standing Committee of Privileges, 150th Report: Whether there was any improper influence in relation to political donations made by Mr Graeme Wood and questions without notice asked by Senator Bob Brown and Senator Milne, March 2012, p. 12 (emphasis in original).

[389]    Senate Standing Committee of Privileges, 142nd Report: Matters arising from the Economics Legislation Committee Hearing on 19 June 2009 (referred 24 June and 12 August 2009), November 2009, pp. 3–4.

[390]    Senate Standing Committee of Privileges, 142nd Report: Matters arising from the Economics Legislation Committee Hearing on 19 June 2009 (referred 24 June and 12 August 2009), November 2009, pp. 1–2.

[391]    Senate Standing Committee of Privileges, 142nd Report: Matters arising from the Economics Legislation Committee Hearing on 19 June 2009 (referred 24 June and 12 August 2009), November 2009, p. 99.

[392]    Journals of the Senate, No. 79, 12 August 2009, pp 2278–79.

[393]    Senate Standing Committee of Privileges, 142nd Report: Matters arising from the Economics Legislation Committee Hearing on 19 June 2009 (referred 24 June and 12 August 2009), November 2009, p. 100.

[394]    Senate Standing Committee of Privileges, 142nd Report: Matters arising from the Economics Legislation Committee Hearing on 19 June 2009 (referred 24 June and 12 August 2009), November 2009, p. 100.

[395]    Senate Standing Committee of Privileges, 142nd Report: Matters arising from the Economics Legislation Committee Hearing on 19 June 2009 (referred 24 June and 12 August 2009), November 2009, p. 101.

[396]    Senate Standing Committee of Privileges, 142nd Report: Matters arising from the Economics Legislation Committee Hearing on 19 June 2009 (referred 24 June and 12 August 2009), November 2009, p. 102.

[397]    Senate Standing Committee of Privileges, 142nd Report: Matters arising from the Economics Legislation Committee Hearing on 19 June 2009 (referred 24 June and 12 August 2009), November 2009, p. 102.

[398]    House of Representatives Votes and Proceedings, No. 19, 24 February 2014, p. 311.

[399]    House of Representatives Standing Committee of Privileges and Members' Interests, Report into whether the former Member for Dobell, Mr Craig Thomson, in a statement to the House on 21 May 2012 deliberately misled the House, March 2016, p. 8; House of Representatives Hansard, 21 May 2012, pp. 4715–4728.

[400]    House of Representatives Standing Committee of Privileges and Members' Interests, Report into whether the former Member for Dobell, Mr Craig Thomson, in a statement to the House on 21 May 2012 deliberately misled the House, March 2016, pp. 9–10.

[401]    House of Representatives Standing Committee of Privileges and Members' Interests, Report into whether the former Member for Dobell, Mr Craig Thomson, in a statement to the House on 21 May 2012 deliberately misled the House, March 2016, pp. 17–18.

[402]    House of Representatives Standing Committee of Privileges and Members' Interests, Report into whether the former Member for Dobell, Mr Craig Thomson, in a statement to the House on 21 May 2012 deliberately misled the House, March 2016, p. 18.

[403]    House of Representatives Votes and Proceedings, No. 5, 4 May 2016, p. 75.

[404]    The Hon. Tony Burke MP, Manager of Opposition Business, House of Representatives Hansard, 15 August 2017, p. 34.

[405]    The Hon. Tony Burke MP, Manager of Opposition Business, House of Representatives Hansard, 15 August 2017, p. 34.

[406]    The Hon. Tony Burke MP, Manager of Opposition Business, House of Representatives Hansard, 15 August 2017, p. 34.

[407]    The Hon. Tony Burke MP, Manager of Opposition Business, House of Representatives Hansard, 15 August 2017, p. 35.

[408]    The Hon. Tony Burke MP, Manager of Opposition Business, House of Representatives Hansard, 15 August 2017, p. 35.

[409]    The Hon. Tony Smith MP, Speaker, House of Representatives Hansard, 4 September 2017, p. 20.

[410]    The Hon. Tony Smith MP, Speaker, House of Representatives Hansard, 4 September 2017, p. 20.

[411]    The Hon. Tony Smith MP, Speaker, House of Representatives Hansard, 4 September 2017, p. 20.

[412]    The Hon. Tony Smith MP, Speaker, House of Representatives Hansard, 4 September 2017, p. 20.

[413]    The Hon. Tony Smith MP, Speaker, House of Representatives Hansard, 4 September 2017, pp. 20–21.

[414]    The Hon. Tony Burke MP, Manager of Opposition Business, House of Representatives Hansard, 4 September 2017, p. 21.

[415]    Standing Committee of Privileges and Members' Interests, Draft Code of Conduct for Members of Parliament, Discussion Paper, November 2011, https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/House/Privileges_and_Members_Interests/Completed_inquiries/43/Code_of_Conduct (accessed 6 September 2017), p. 5.

[416]    Standing Committee of Privileges and Members' Interests, Draft Code of Conduct for Members of Parliament, Discussion Paper, November 2011, https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/House/Privileges_and_Members_Interests/Completed_inquiries/43/Code_of_Conduct, (accessed 6 September 2017), p. 27.

[417]    Standing Committee of Privileges and Members' Interests, Draft Code of Conduct for Members of Parliament, Discussion Paper, November 2011, https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/House/Privileges_and_Members_Interests/Completed_inquiries/43/Code_of_Conduct, (accessed 6 September 2017), p. 27.

[418]    Committee of Senators' Interests, Code of Conduct Inquiry, Report 2/2012, November 2012, https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Senators_Interests/reports, (accessed 6 September 2017), p. 1.

[419]    Committee of Senators' Interests, Code of Conduct Inquiry, Report 2/2012, November 2012, https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Senators_Interests/reports  (accessed 6 September 2017), p. 16.

[420]    Committee of Senators' Interests, Code of Conduct Inquiry, Report 2/2012, November 2012, https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Senators_Interests/reports  (accessed 6 September 2017), p. 17. 

[421]    Committee of Senators' Interests, Code of Conduct Inquiry, Report 2/2012, November 2012, https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Senators_Interests/reports  (accessed 6 September 2017), p. 18.

[422]    Committee of Senators' Interests, Code of Conduct Inquiry, Report 2/2012, November 2012, https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Senators_Interests/reports, (accessed 6 September 2017), p. 18.

[423]    Senator the Hon. Scott Ryan, Special Minister of State, 'Establishment of the Independent Parliamentary Expenses Authority and abolition of the Life Gold Pass', Media release, 7 February 2017.

[424]    AGD, Submission 11, p. 3.

[425]    Independent Parliamentary Expense Authority (IPEA), Home, http://www.ipea.gov.au/  (accessed 30 June 2017).

[426]    IPEA, IPEA Functions, http://www.ipea.gov.au/about/ipea-functions.html (accessed 30 June 2017)

[427]    IPEA, Reporting, http://www.ipea.gov.au/reporting/index.html (accessed 30 June 2017).

[428]    Professor John McMillan, Acting New South Wales Ombudsman, New South Wales Ombudsman, Committee Hansard, 12 May 2017, p. 3.

[429]    Professor A.J. Brown, Program Leader, Centre for Governance and Public Policy, Griffith University, Committee Hansard, 15 May 2017, pp. 3–4.

[430]    Commonwealth of Australia, Statement of Ministerial Standards, September 2015, p. ii.

[431]    Commonwealth of Australia, Statement of Ministerial Standards, September 2015, p. 2.

[432]    Commonwealth of Australia, Statement of Ministerial Standards, September 2015, p. 3.

[433]    Commonwealth of Australia, Statement of Ministerial Standards, September 2015, p. 3.

[434]    Ms Philippa Lynch, First Assistant Secretary, Government Division, DPMC, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, p. 6.

[435]    Ms Lynch, DPMC, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, p. 10.

[436]    Ms Lynch, DPMC, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, p. 10.

[437]    Senator the Hon. Scott Ryan, Special Minister of State, Statement of Standards for Ministerial Staff, available: http://www.smos.gov.au/resources/statement-of-standards.html (accessed 22 August 2017).

[438]    Senator the Hon. Scott Ryan, Special Minister of State, Statement of Standards for Ministerial Staff, available: http://www.smos.gov.au/resources/statement-of-standards.html (accessed 22 August 2017).

[439]    Section 33 of the Members of Parliament (Staff) Act 1984 empowers the Governor-General to make regulations, consistent with the act, in respect of matters required or permitted by the act to be prescribed; or necessary or convenient to be prescribed for carrying out or giving effect to the act.

[440]    AGD, Submission 23 [2016], p. 7.

[441]    DPMC, Lobbying Code of Conduct, available: http://lobbyists.pmc.gov.au/conduct_code.cfm   (accessed 30 June 2017).

[442]    AGD, Submission 23 [2016], p. 1. 

[443]    Mr David Elder, Clerk of the House of Representatives, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 21.

[444]    Professor McMillan, Acting NSW Ombudsman, Committee Hansard, 12 May 2017, p. 4.

[445]    The Hon. Dr Peter Phelps MLC, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 17.

[446]    Mr Tom Rogers, AEC, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 42.

[447]    Ms Gibbs, Commonwealth Ombudsman, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 48.

[448]    Mr Nick McKenzie, Journalist, Fairfax Media, Committee Hansard, 12 May 2017, p. 23.

[449]    Australian Research Council Linkage Project, Discussion Paper #1: Strengthening Australia’s National Integrity System: Priorities for Reform, March 2017.

[450]    Australian Research Council Linkage Project, Discussion Paper #1: Strengthening Australia’s National Integrity System: Priorities for Reform, March 2017, p. 4.

[451]    Australian Research Council Linkage Project, Discussion Paper #1: Strengthening Australia’s National Integrity System: Priorities for Reform, March 2017, p. 4.

[452]    Australian Research Council Linkage Project, Discussion Paper #1: Strengthening Australia’s National Integrity System: Priorities for Reform, March 2017, p. 4.

[453]    Australian Research Council Linkage Project, Discussion Paper #1: Strengthening Australia’s National Integrity System: Priorities for Reform, March 2017, p. 4.

[454]    Australian Research Council Linkage Project, Discussion Paper #1: Strengthening Australia’s National Integrity System: Priorities for Reform, March 2017, p. 4.

[455]    Australian Research Council Linkage Project, Discussion Paper #1: Strengthening Australia’s National Integrity System: Priorities for Reform, March 2017, p. 7.

[456]    Australian Research Council Linkage Project, Discussion Paper #1: Strengthening Australia’s National Integrity System: Priorities for Reform, March 2017, p. 33.

[457]    Australian Research Council Linkage Project, Discussion Paper #1: Strengthening Australia’s National Integrity System: Priorities for Reform, March 2017, p. 14.

[458]    Australian Research Council Linkage Project, Discussion Paper #1: Strengthening Australia’s National Integrity System: Priorities for Reform, March 2017, p. 16.

[459]    Australian Research Council Linkage Project, Discussion Paper #1: Strengthening Australia’s National Integrity System: Priorities for Reform, March 2017, p. 17.

[460]    Australian Research Council Linkage Project, Discussion Paper #1: Strengthening Australia’s National Integrity System: Priorities for Reform, March 2017, p. 17.

[461]    Australian Research Council Linkage Project, Discussion Paper #1: Strengthening Australia’s National Integrity System: Priorities for Reform, March 2017, p. 19.

[462]    Australian Research Council Linkage Project, Discussion Paper #1: Strengthening Australia’s National Integrity System: Priorities for Reform, March 2017, p. 17.

[463]    Australian Research Council Linkage Project, Discussion Paper #1: Strengthening Australia’s National Integrity System: Priorities for Reform, March 2017, p. 17.

[464]    Australian Research Council Linkage Project, Discussion Paper #1: Strengthening Australia’s National Integrity System: Priorities for Reform, March 2017, pp. 20–33.

[465]    Australian Research Council Linkage Project, Discussion Paper #1: Strengthening Australia’s National Integrity System: Priorities for Reform, March 2017.

Chapter 3 - State, territory and international integrity commissions

[1]        Minutes of the Proceedings of the Legislative Assembly (NT), 26 August 2015, pp. 651–2.

[2]        Northern Territory Government, 'Anti-Corruption, Integrity and Misconduct Commission Inquiry', https://acimcinquiry.nt.gov.au/ (accessed 12 July 2017).

[3]        Department of the Chief Minister, Anti-Corruption, Integrity and Misconduct Commission Inquiry Final Report, May 2016, p. 9, https://acimcinquiry.nt.gov.au/?a=292252 (accessed 28 August 2017).

[4]        Northern Territory Government, 'Independent Commission against Corruption – Draft Legislation', https://justice.nt.gov.au/attorney-general-and-justice/law/icac-bill (accessed 12 July 2017).

[5]        Australian Capital Territory (ACT) Government, Parliamentary Agreement for the 9^th Legislative Assembly for the Australian Capital Territory, http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file
/0005/1013792/Parliamentary-Agreement-for-the-9th-Legislative-Assembly.pdf (accessed 12 July 2017).

[6]        Legislative Assembly for the ACT, Minutes of Proceedings, 6 June 2017, p. 234.

[7]        Select Committee on the Establishment of a National Integrity Commission, Interim Report, May 2016, p. 6.

[8]        New South Wales Independent Commission Against Corruption (NSW ICAC), Submission 10 [2016], p. 3.

[9]        NSW ICAC, Submission 10 [2016], p. 3.

[10]      Legislative Assembly Hansard, 26 May 1988, p. 673.

[11]      NSW ICAC, History and development of the ICAC Act, https://www.icac.nsw.gov.au/about-the-icac/legislation/history-of-act (accessed 25 August 2017).

[12]      Independent Commission Against Corruption Act 1988 (NSW), s. 5.

[13]      Independent Commission Against Corruption Act 1988 (NSW), Schedule 1, s. 4.

[14]      Independent Commission Against Corruption Act 1988 (NSW), Schedule 1, s. 5.

[15]      Independent Commission Against Corruption Act 1988 (NSW), Schedule 1, s. 1.

[16]      Independent Commission Against Corruption Act 1988 (NSW), s. 64A; Schedule 1, s. 2.

[17]      Independent Commission Against Corruption Act 1988 (NSW), Schedule 1, ss. 7(1).

[18]      Independent Commission Against Corruption Act 1988 (NSW), Schedule 1, ss. 7(2) and ss. 7(3).

[19]      Committee on the Independent Commission Against Corruption, Review of the Independent Commission Against Corruption: Consideration of the Inspector’s Reports, October 2016, p. viii.

[20]      Australia Institute (AI), Submission 14 , Attachment 1, p. 5; Sean Nicholls, Michaela Whitbourn, Kate McClymont, 'ICAC chief's resignation "sets back corruption fighting by years"', Sydney Morning Herald, 23 November 2016, http://www.smh.com.au/nsw/icac-chiefs-resignation-sets-back-corruption-fighting-by-years-20161123-gsvwo3.html (accessed 27 August 2017).

[21]      Mr Chris Merritt, Legal Affairs Editor , The Australian, Committee Hansard 12 May 2017, p. 23.

[22]      Independent Commission Against Corruption Act 1988 (NSW), ss. 13(1).

[23]      NSW ICAC, Functions of the ICAC, https://www.icac.nsw.gov.au/about-the-icac/overview/functions-of-the-icac (accessed 27 August 2017).

[24]      Independent Commission Against Corruption Act 1988 (NSW), s. 12 and s. 12A.

[25]      NSW ICAC, History and development of the ICAC Act, https://www.icac.nsw.gov.au/about-the-icac/legislation/history-of-act (accessed 25 August 2017).

[26]      Law Enforcement Conduct Commission, Who are we, https://www.lecc.nsw.gov.au/what-we-do/who-we-are-and-what-we-value (accessed 27 August 2017).

[27]      Professor John McMillan, Acting New South Wales Ombudsman, New South Wales Ombudsman, Committee Hansard, 12 May 2017, p. 6.

[28]      Professor Anne Twomey, Committee Hansard, 12 May 2017, p. 11.

[29]      Professor Twomey, Committee Hansard, 12 May 2017, p. 13.

[30]      Independent Commission Against Corruption Act 1988 (NSW), s. 8.

[31]      Independent Commission Against Corruption Act 1988 (NSW), s. 9(1); the Acting Inspector of the Independent Commission Against Corruption, Mr John Nicholson SC, provided a detailed account of the complex interaction of the sections making up this definition of 'corrupt conduct' and how this affects findings that corrupt conduct has occurred: see, Mr John Nicholson SC, Acting Inspector, Office of the Inspector of the Independent Commission Against Corruption (Office of the Inspector), Committee Hansard, 12 May 2017, pp. 37–9.

[32]      [2015] HCA 14.

[33]      Independent Commission Against Corruption Amendment Bill 2015 (NSW), Explanatory note, p. 1.

[34]      Gilbert + Tobin Centre of Public Law (Gilbert + Tobin), Submission 18, Attachment 1, p. 20.

[35]      Gilbert + Tobin, Submission 18, Attachment 1, p. 17.

[36]      AI, Submission 14, p. 8.

[37]      AI, Submission 14, p. 8.

[38]      Transparency International Australia (TIA), Submission 5, p. 6.

[39]      NSW ICAC, Submission 10 [2016], p. 15.

[40]      NSW ICAC, Submission 10 [2016], p. 15.

[41]      Independent Commission Against Corruption Act 1988 (NSW), ss. 6(2).

[42]      Independent Commission Against Corruption Act 1988 (NSW), ss. 31(1) and ss. 31(2).

[43]      AI, Submission 14, p. 9.

[44]      AI, Submission 14, p. 9 (citations omitted).

[45]      Mr Geoffrey Watson QC, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 29.

[46]      Mr Watson, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 30.

[47]      Hon. Dr Peter Phelps MLC, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 13.

[48]      Dr Phelps, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 15. Section 38 of the Independent Commission Against Corruption Act 1988 (NSW) provides that: 'The Commissioner or person presiding at the compulsory examination or public inquiry may declare that all or any classes of answers given by a witness or that all or any classes of documents or other things produced by a witness will be regarded as having been given or produced on objection by the witness, and there is accordingly no need for the witness to make an objection in respect of each such answer, document or other thing'.

[49]      New South Wales Council for Civil Liberties (NSWCCL), Submission 26, p. 12.

[50]      NSWCCL, Submission 26, p. 14.

[51]      Ms Kate McClymont, Investigative Journalist, Fairfax Media, Committee Hansard, 12 May 2017, p. 25.

[52]      NSW ICAC, Submission 10 [2016], pp. 16–7.

[53]      Independent Commission Against Corruption Amendment Bill 2015 (NSW), Explanatory note, p. 1.

[54]      Gilbert + Tobin, Submission 18, Attachment 1, p. 17.

[55]      Professor McMillan, New South Wales Ombudsman, Committee Hansard, 12 May 2017, p. 7.

[56]      Mr Nicholson, Office of the Inspector, Committee Hansard, 12 May 2017, p. 39.

[57]      NSW ICAC, Submission 10 [2016], p. 18.

[58]      Independent Commission Against Corruption Act 1988 (NSW), parts 5A and 7.

[59]      Independent Commission Against Corruption Act 1988 (NSW), s. 63 and s. 65; the current chair is The Hon. Mr Damien Tudehope MP, and the current deputy chair is The Hon. Mr Geoffrey Provest MP.

[60]      Independent Commission Against Corruption Act 1988 (NSW), s. 64.

[61]      Independent Commission Against Corruption Act 1988 (NSW), s. 64A.

[62]      Independent Commission Against Corruption Act 1988 (NSW), s. 64.

[63]      Independent Commission Against Corruption Act 1988 (NSW), s. 57A; Schedule 1A, s. 4 and s. 10.

[64]      Independent Commission Against Corruption Act 1988 (NSW), Schedule 1A, s. 7.

[65]      NSW ICAC, The Inspector of the Independent Commission Against Corruption—Role, http://www.oiicac.nsw.gov.au/ (accessed 28 August 2017).

[66]      Independent Commission Against Corruption Act 1988 (NSW), s. 57C.

[67]      Independent Commission Against Corruption Act 1988 (NSW), s. 57D.

[68]      Independent Commission Against Corruption Act 1988 (NSW), ss. 57B(2).

[69]      Mr Nicholson, Office of the Inspector, Committee Hansard, 12 May 2017, p. 37.

[70]      Queensland Crime and Corruption Commission (Qld CCC), History, http://www.ccc.qld.gov.au/about-the-ccc/history (accessed 17 August 2017).

[71]      Qld CCC, History, http://www.ccc.qld.gov.au/about-the-ccc/history (accessed 17 August 2017).

[72]      Mr Richard Bingham, Queensland Integrity Commissioner, Office of the Queensland Integrity Commissioner, Committee Hansard, 15 May 2017, p. 19.

[73]      Queensland Integrity Commissioner, What we do, https://www.integrity.qld.gov.au/about-us/what-we-do.aspx (accessed 30 August 2017). A 'designated person' is defined at s. 12 of the Integrity Act 2009 (Qld) and includes a member of the Legislative Assembly; a statutory office holder; and a chief executive of a department of government or a public service office.

[74]      Queensland Integrity Commissioner, What we do, https://www.integrity.qld.gov.au/about-us/what-we-do.aspx (accessed 30 August 2017).

[75]      Mr Bingham, Office of the Queensland Integrity Commissioner, Committee Hansard, 15 May 2017, p. 20.

[76]      Mr Bingham, Office of the Queensland Integrity Commissioner, Committee Hansard, 15 May 2017, pp. 20–21.

[77]      Crime and Corruption Act 2001 (Qld), s. 223 and s. 223A.

[78]      Integrity Commission Act 2009 (Qld), s. 224.

[79]      Integrity Commission Act 2009, s. 225.

[80]      Crime and Corruption Act 2001 (Qld), s. 228.

[81]      Crime and Corruption Act 2001 (Qld), s. 231.

[82]      See provisions governing removal of a commissioner of the Western Australian Crime and Corruption Commission (WA CCC), the South Australian Independent Commissioner Against Corruption (SA ICAC), the Tasmanian Integrity Commission, the Independent Broad-based Anti-corruption Commission (IBAC) and the NSW ICAC.

[83]      Crime and Corruption Act 2001 (Qld), s. 236.

[84]      Crime and Corruption Act 2001 (Qld), Chapter 2, parts 1 to 4.

[85]      The Hon. Ms Yvette D'Ath, Attorney-General, Legislative Assembly Hansard, 1 December 2015, p. 2970.

[86]      Crime and Corruption Act 2001 (Qld), s. 24.

[87]      Crime and Corruption Act 2001 (Qld), s. 278.

[88]      Crime and Corruption Act 2001 (Qld), s. 26.

[89]      Crime and Corruption Act 2001 (Qld), s. 34.

[90]      Crime and Corruption Act 2001 (Qld), Part 4.

[91]      Professor A.J. Brown, Program Leader, Centre for Governance and Public Policy, Griffith University (Griffith University), Committee Hansard, 15 May 2015, p. 10.

[92]      Professor Brown, Griffith University, Committee Hansard, 15 May 2015, p. 10.

[93]      Mr Forbes Smith, Chief Executive Officer, Qld CCC, Committee Hansard, 15 May 2015, p. 13.

[94]      Queensland Crime and Corruption Committee, What the CCC investigates, http://www.ccc.qld.gov.au/corruption/what-the-ccc-investigates (accessed 22 August 2017).

[95]      Crime and Corruption Act 2001 (Qld), ss. 15(1).

[96]      Crime and Corruption Act 2001 (Qld), Schedule 2.

[97]      Crime and Corruption Act 2001 (Qld), s. 47.

[98]      Crime and Corruption Act 2001 (Qld), s. 15.

[99]      Qld CCC, Submission 36, pp. 4–5.

[100]    Qld CCC, Submission 36, p. 5.

[101]    Qld CCC, Submission 36, p. 5, fn. 16.

[102]    AI, Submission 14, p. 9; see also, Qld CCC, What the CCC investigates, http://www.ccc.qld.gov.au/corruption/what-the-ccc-investigates (accessed 22 August 2017).

[103]    Crime and Corruption and Other Legislation Amendment Bill 2017, Explanatory notes, p. 2.

[104]    AI, Submission 14, Attachment 1, pp. 6–7.

[105]    Mr Smith, Qld CCC, Committee Hansard, 15 May 2017, p. 14.

[106]    Mr Smith, Qld CCC, Committee Hansard, 15 May 2017, p. 14.

[107]    Mr Smith, Qld CCC, Committee Hansard, 15 May 2017, p. 13.

[108]    Crime and Corruption Act 2001 (Qld) para. 35(1)(e) and para. 35(1)(f).

[109]    Crime and Corruption Act 2001 (Qld) s. 25 and s. 26.

[110]    Qld CCC, Annual Report 2015–16, p. 12.

[111]    Crime and Corruption Act 2001 (Qld), s. 146S and s. 146T.

[112]    Crime and Corruption Act 2001 (Qld), ss. 177(1).

[113]    Crime and Corruption Act 2001 (Qld), ss. 177(1).

[114]    Crime and Corruption Act 2001 (Qld), ss. 177(2).

[115]    Mr Smith, Qld CCC, Committee Hansard, 15 May 2017, p. 13.

[116]    Mr Smith, Committee Hansard, 15 May 2017, p. 17.

[117]    Ms Karen Carmody, Parliamentary Crime and Corruption Commissioner, Office of the Parliamentary Crime and Corruption Commissioner (OPCCC), Committee Hansard, 15 May 2017, p. 26.

[118]    Qld CCC, Special Powers, http://www.ccc.qld.gov.au/about-the-ccc/powers (accessed 23 August 2017).

[119]    Crime and Corruption Act 2001 (Qld), s. 50.

[120]    Crime and Corruption Act 2001 (Qld), s. 291I; see discussion at Gilbert + Tobin, Submission 19 [2016], p. 35.

[121]    Crime and Corruption Act 2001 (Qld), s. 300; the current chair of the Parliamentary Crime and Corruption Committee is the Hon. Lawrence Springborg MP.

[122]    Queensland Parliament, Parliamentary Crime and Corruption Committee—overview, https://www.parliament.qld.gov.au/work-of-committees/committees/PCCC# (accessed 23 August 2017).

[123]    Crime and Corruption Act 2001 (Qld), s. 294 to s. 296.

[124]    Crime and Corruption Act 2001 (Qld), para. 293(2)(a).

[125]    Crime and Corruption Act 2001 (Qld), Part 4, divisions 1 and 2.

[126]    Queensland Parliament, Parliamentary Crime and Corruption Committee—overview, https://www.parliament.qld.gov.au/work-of-committees/committees/PCCC# (accessed 23 August 2017).

[127]    Mr Mitchell Kunde, Principal Legal Officer, OPCCC, Committee Hansard, 15 May 2017, p. 28.

[128]    Mr Kunde, OPCCC, Committee Hansard, 15 May 2017, pp. 25–6.

[129]    Mr Kunde, OPCCC, Committee Hansard, 15 May 2017, p. 26.

[130]    Ms Carmody, OPCCC, Committee Hansard, 15 May 2017, p. 27.

[131]    WA CCC, Annual Report 2003–2004, p. 5.

[132]    WA CCC, Fact sheet No. 1—About the CCC, July 2015, p. [1], https://www.ccc.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/Fact%20Sheet%20No.%201%20About%20the%20CCC.pdf (accessed 9 August 2017).

[133]    The Hon. G.A. Kennedy AO QC, Royal Commission into whether there has been Corrupt or Criminal Conduct by Western Australian Police Officers—Interim report, December 2002, p. 3.

[134]    Corruption, Crime and Misconduct Act 2003 (WA), s. 10.

[135]    Corruption, Crime and Misconduct Act 2003 (WA), s. 9.

[136]    Corruption, Crime and Misconduct Act 2003 (WA), Schedule 2, s. 1.

[137]    Corruption, Crime and Misconduct Act 2003 (WA), s. 12.

[138]    Corruption, Crime and Misconduct Act 2003 (WA), s.  18, s. 21 and s. 21AA.

[139]    Corruption, Crime and Misconduct Act 2003 (WA), ss. 18(2).

[140]    Corruption, Crime and Misconduct Act 2003 (WA), ss. 21AA(2).

[141]    Corruption, Crime and Misconduct Act 2003 (WA), ss. 21AA(3).

[142]    Corruption, Crime and Misconduct Act 2003 (WA), s. 45 to s. 83.

[143]    Corruption, Crime and Misconduct Act 2003 (WA), s. 46.

[144]    See, for example, WA CCC, Annual Report 2005–2006, p. 6; WA CCC, Annual Report    2006–2007, p. 2; WA CCC, Annual Report 2007–2008, p. 4.

[145]    WA CCC, Annual Report 2005–2006, p. 1.

[146]    WA CCC, Annual Report 2015–16, p. 101.

[147]    Corruption, Crime and Misconduct Act 2003 (WA), Part 3 and Part 4A respectively.

[148]    WA CCC, Fact Sheet No. 2—Definition of Serious Misconduct, July 2015, p. [1], https://www.ccc.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/Fact%20Sheet%20No.%202%20Definition%20of%20Serious%20Misconduct.pdf (accessed 9 August 2017), see Corruption, Crime and Misconduct Act 2003 (WA), ss.3.

[149]    WA CCC, Fact Sheet No. 2—Definition of Serious Misconduct, July 2015, p. [2] https://www.ccc.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/Fact%20Sheet%20No.%202%20Definition%20of%20Serious%20Misconduct.pdf (accessed 9 August 2017); see also Corruption, Crime and Misconduct Act 2003 (WA), s. 4(d).

[150]    WA CCC, Fact Sheet No. 2—Definition of Serious Misconduct, July 2015, p. [1] https://www.ccc.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/Fact%20Sheet%20No.%202%20Definition%20of%20Serious%20Misconduct.pdf (accessed 9 August 2017).

[151]    Corruption, Crime and Misconduct Act 2003 (WA), s. 3, see definition of 'minor misconduct'.

[152]    Criminal Code Act Compilation Act 1913 (WA), s. 1; see also WA CCC, Fact Sheet No. 4–Definition of a Public Officer, July 2015, https://www.ccc.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/Fact%20Sheet%20No.%204%20Definition%20of%20Public%20Officer.pdf (accessed 9 August 2017).

[153]    Corruption, Crime and Misconduct Act 2003 (WA), ss. 18(1).

[154]    Corruption, Crime and Misconduct Act 2003 (WA), para. 18(2)(e).

[155]    Corruption, Crime and Misconduct Act 2003 (WA), s. 96.

[156]    Corruption, Crime and Misconduct Act 2003 (WA), ss. 140(2).

[157]    Corruption, Crime and Misconduct Act 2003 (WA), ss. 101(2).

[158]    Corruption, Crime and Misconduct Act 2003 (WA), ss. 100(1).

[159]    Corruption, Crime and Misconduct Act 2003 (WA), Part 6, divisions 3 and 4.

[160]    Corruption, Crime and Misconduct Act 2003 (WA), ss. 43(1).

[161]    Corruption, Crime and Misconduct Act 2003 (WA), ss. 43(6).

[162]    Corruption, Crime and Misconduct Act 2003 (WA), Part 4.

[163]    Criminal Investigation (Covert Powers) Act 2012 (WA), s. 37 and s. 38.

[164]    Corruption, Crime and Misconduct Act 2003 (WA), Part 13; s. 216A.

[165]    Corruption, Crime and Misconduct Act 2003 (WA), ss. 195(1).

[166]    Corruption, Crime and Misconduct Act 2003 (WA), s. 197.

[167]    Parliament of Western Australia, Joint Standing Committee on the Crime and Corruption Commission—Functions and Powers of the Committee, http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/Parliament/commit.nsf/WCurrentNameNew/c3138602cf10e6a648257b7400159a22?OpenDocument&ExpandSection=4#_Section4, (accessed 12 August 2017).

[168]    Professor Adam Graycar, Submission 1 [2016], Attachment 1, p. 12.

[169]    The Hon. Michael Murray AM QC, Parliamentary Inspector, Report on Misconduct and Related Matters in the Corruption and Crime Commission, 10 June 2015, p. 37.

[170]    Mr Murray, Report on Activities in the Corruption and Crime Commission Relating to Assumed Identities, Traffic Infringement Notices and Special Constable Appointments, 4 December 2015.

[171]    Parliamentary Joint Select Committee on Ethical Conduct, Final Report—'Public Office is Public Trust', 2009, p. 160.

[172]    Integrity Commission Act 2009 (Tas), s. 13.

[173]    The Integrity Commission Act 2009 (Tas) also originally included the auditor-general and the ombudsman as ex officio members of the board; however, this requirement was removed by the Integrity Commission Amendment Act 2017.

[174]    Integrity Commission Act 2009 (Tas), ss. 14(4).

[175]    Integrity Commission Act 2009 (Tas), ss. 14(1).

[176]    Integrity Commission Act 2009 (Tas), s. 15.

[177]    Integrity Commission Act 2009 (Tas), s. 15A.

[178]    Integrity Commission Act 2009 (Tas), s. 15E.

[179]    Integrity Commission Act 2009 (Tas), s. 15H to s. 15J.

[180]    Integrity Commission Act 2009 (Tas), s. 28.

[181]    Integrity Commission Act 2009 (Tas), s. 27.

[182]    Integrity Commission Act 2009 (Tas), ss. 8(1).

[183]    Integrity Commission, Annual Report 2015–16, p. 4.

[184]    Integrity Commission, Annual Report 2015–16, p. 4.

[185]    Integrity Commission, Annual Report 2015–16, p. 4.

[186]    Integrity Commission, Annual Report 2015–16, p. 4; see, for example, Integrity Commission, Report of the Integrity Commission, No. 1 of 2016: An Audit of Tasmania Police complaints finalised in 2015, November 2016, http://www.integrity.tas.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/361165/Report_of_the_Integrity_Commission_No_1_of_2016_An_Audit_of_Tasmania_Police_complaints_finalised_in_2015.pdf (accessed 17 August 2017).

[187]    Integrity Commission Act 2009 (Tas), s. 88 and s. 89.

[188]    Integrity Commission Act 2009 (Tas), s. 10.

[189]    Integrity Commission Act 2009 (Tas), s. 4.

[190]    Integrity Commission Act 2009 (Tas), s. 4

[191]    Integrity Commission, Investigating and dealing with misconduct—what is misconduct?, http://www.integrity.tas.gov.au/report_misconduct/what_is_misconduct (accessed 17 August 2017).

[192]    Integrity Commission Act 2009 (Tas), s. 5; Integrity Commission, Investigating and dealing with misconduct—what is misconduct?, http://www.integrity.tas.gov.au/report_misconduct/what_is_misconduct (accessed 17 August 2017).

[193]    Integrity Commission Act 2009 (Tas), s. 5.

[194]    Integrity Commission, Prosecuting Serious Misconduct in Tasmania: the Missing Link, October 2014, p. 2 (citations omitted).

[195]    Integrity Commission, Prosecuting Serious Misconduct in Tasmania: the Missing Link, October 2014, p. 43.

[196]    Integrity Commission, Investigating and dealing with misconduct—investigations, http://www.integrity.tas.gov.au/report_misconduct/investigations (accessed 18 August 2017).

[197]    Integrity Commission Act 2009 (Tas), s. 44 and s. 45.

[198]    Integrity Commission Act 2009 (Tas), s. 48.

[199]    Integrity Commission Act 2009 (Tas), s. 52.

[200]    Integrity Commission Act 2009 (Tas), s. 53.

[201]    Integrity Commission Act 2009 (Tas), s. 57.

[202]    Integrity Commission Act 2009 (Tas), ss. 64(1).

[203]    Integrity Commission, Investigating and dealing with misconduct—investigations, http://www.integrity.tas.gov.au/report_misconduct/investigations (accessed 18 August 2017).

[204]    Integrity Commission Act 2009 (Tas), Schedule 6, s. 1.

[205]    Integrity Commission, Investigating and dealing with misconduct—investigations, http://www.integrity.tas.gov.au/report_misconduct/investigations (accessed 18 August 2017).

[206]    Integrity Commission Act 2009 (Tas), ss. 24(1).

[207]    Joint Standing Committee on Integrity, Three Year Review—Final Report, June 2015, p. 1.

[208]    Integrity Commission Act 2009 (Tas), ss. 106(1).

[209]    The Hon. William Cox QC, Report of the Independent Reviewer, May 2016, http://www.integrityactreview.tas.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/347649/Report_of_the_Independent_Review_of_the_Integrity_Commission_Act_2009_-_May_20162.PDF (accessed 18 August 2017); Tasmanian Government, Tasmanian Government Response—Independent Review of the Integrity Commission Act 2009, November 2016, http://www.integrity.tas.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/361713/Government_Response_to_Independent_Review_of_the_Integrity_Commission_Act.pdf (accessed 18 August 2017).

[210]    The Hon. Mr Matthew Groom MP, Acting Attorney-General, Tasmanian House of Assembly Hansard, 4 May 2017, pp. 58–60.

[211]    IBAC, Annual Report 2015–16, p. 11.

[212]    IBAC, Annual Report 2015–16, p. 11.

[213]    IBAC, Annual Report 2015–16, p. 11.

[214]    Independent Broad-based Anti-corruption Commission Act 2011 (Vic), s. 18 and s. 19.

[215]    Independent Broad-based Anti-corruption Commission Act 2011 (Vic), ss. 19(1) to ss. 19(3).

[216]    Independent Broad-based Anti-corruption Commission Act 2011 (Vic), s. 20.

[217]    Independent Broad-based Anti-corruption Commission Act 2011 (Vic), s. 21.

[218]    Independent Broad-based Anti-corruption Commission Act 2011 (Vic), s. 23.

[219]    Independent Broad-based Anti-corruption Commission Act 2011 (Vic), s. 26.

[220]    Independent Broad-based Anti-corruption Commission Act 2011 (Vic), s. 26; this method of removing a commissioner was discussed at Gilbert + Tobin, Submission 19 [2016], p. 26.

[221]    IBAC, Submission 21 [2016], p. 1.

[222]    IBAC, Submission 21 [2016], pp. 1–2.

[223]    IBAC, Submission 21 [2016], p. 2.

[224]    IBAC, Annual Report 2015–16, p. i.

[225]    IBAC, Annual Report 2015–16, p. i.

[226]    IBAC, Submission 5, p. 1.

[227]    IBAC, Submission 5, p. 1.

[228]    IBAC, Special report following IBAC's first year of being fully operational, April 2014, p. 25.

[229]    IBAC, Special report following IBAC's first year of being fully operational, April 2014, p. 25. The shortcomings of the Independent Broad-based Anti-corruption Commission Act 2011 (Vic) with respect to these threshold questions, prior to its recent amendment, were highlighted by several submitters, including: Gilbert + Tobin, Submission 18, Attachment 1, p. 19; Law Council of Australia, Submission 18 [2016], pp. 16–17, Accountability Round Table (ART), Submission 31 [2016], p. 5.

[230]    IBAC, Summary: Changes to the IBAC Act, p. 1, http://www.ibac.vic.gov.au/docs/default-source/education-resources/summary-of-changes-to-the-ibac-act.pdf?sfvrsn=14 (accessed 24 August 2017).

[231]    IBAC, Summary: Changes to the IBAC Act, p. 1, http://www.ibac.vic.gov.au/docs/default-source/education-resources/summary-of-changes-to-the-ibac-act.pdf?sfvrsn=14 (accessed 24 August 2017).

[232]    IBAC, Summary: Changes to the IBAC Act, p. 1, http://www.ibac.vic.gov.au/docs/default-source/education-resources/summary-of-changes-to-the-ibac-act.pdf?sfvrsn=14 (accessed 24 August 2017).

[233]    IBAC, What is corruption?, http://www.ibac.vic.gov.au/reporting-corruption/what-can-you-complain-about/what-is-corruption (accessed 24 August 2017).

[234]    IBAC, Our investigative powers http://www.ibac.vic.gov.au/investigating-corruption/our-investigative-powers (accessed 24 August 2017).

[235]    IBAC, Our investigative powers http://www.ibac.vic.gov.au/investigating-corruption/our-investigative-powers (accessed 24 August 2017).

[236]    Independent Broad-based Anti-corruption Commission Act 2011 (Vic), ss. 117(1).

[237]    Independent Broad-based Anti-corruption Commission Act 2011 (Vic), ss. 117(4).

[238]    Independent Broad-based Anti-corruption Commission Act 2011 (Vic), ss. 117(5).

[239]    Independent Broad-based Anti-corruption Commission Act 2011 (Vic), ss. 91(1) and ss. 91(2).

[240]    Independent Broad-based Anti-corruption Commission Act 2011 (Vic), ss. 91(3).

[241]    Independent Broad-based Anti-corruption Commission Act 2011 (Vic), s. 86.

[242]    Independent Broad-based Anti-corruption Commission Act 2011 (Vic), s. 86.

[243]    Independent Broad-based Anti-corruption Commission Act 2011 (Vic), s. 164; see discussion at Gilbert + Tobin, Submission 19 [2016], p. 34.

[244]    Independent Broad-based Anti-corruption Commission Act 2011 (Vic), s. 190.

[245]    Gilbert + Tobin, Submission 19 [2016], p. 35.

[246]    Parliamentary Committees Act 2003 (Vic), s. 22.

[247]    The Hon. Kim Wells MP.

[248]    Parliamentary Committees Act 2003 (Vic), ss. 12A(1).

[249]    Parliamentary Committees Act 2003 (Vic), ss. 12A(1A).

[250]    Parliamentary Committees Act 2003 (Vic), ss. 12A(2).

[251]    Victorian Inspectorate, About us, http://vicinspectorate.vic.gov.au/home/about-us/ (accessed 25 August 2017).

[252]    Victorian Inspectorate Act 2011 (Vic), ss. 11(2).

[253]    Victorian Inspectorate, Submission 13, p. 3.

[254]    Mr Robin Brett QC, Inspector, Victorian Inspectorate, Committee Hansard, 17 May 2017, p. 8.

[255]    Mr Brett, Victorian Inspectorate, Committee Hansard, 17 May 2017, p. 8.

[256]    Mr Brett, Victorian Inspectorate, Committee Hansard, 17 May 2017, p. 7.

[257]    Victorian Inspectorate, Submission 13, p. 2.

[258]    Victorian Inspectorate, Submission 13, p. 2.

[259]    Independent Broad-based Anti-corruption Commission Committee, The performance of the Independent Broad-based Anti-corruption Commission and the Victorian Inspectorate 2015/16, November 2016, p. 22 (citations omitted).

[260]    Independent Broad-based Anti-corruption Commission Committee, The performance of the Independent Broad-based Anti-corruption Commission and the Victorian Inspectorate 2015/16, November 2016, p. 23 (citations omitted).

[261]    Independent Broad-based Anti-corruption Commission Committee, The performance of the Independent Broad-based Anti-corruption Commission and the Victorian Inspectorate 2015/16, November 2016, pp. 23–4.

[262]    Independent Commissioner Against Corruption Act 2012 (SA), ss. 8(1) to ss. 8(3).

[263]    Independent Commissioner Against Corruption Act 2012 (SA), ss. 8(5).

[264]    Parliamentary Committees Act 1991 (SA), Part 5C.

[265]    Independent Commissioner Against Corruption Act 2012 (SA), s. 10.

[266]    Independent Commissioner Against Corruption Act 2012 (SA), ss. 8(11) and ss. 8(13).

[267]    Independent Commissioner Against Corruption Act 2012 (SA), ss. 7(2).

[268]    Independent Commissioner Against Corruption Act 2012 (SA), ss. 7(1).

[269]    Independent Commissioner Against Corruption Act 2012 (SA), s. 17.

[270]    The Hon. Bruce Thomas Lander QC, Independent Commissioner Against Corruption, SA ICAC, Committee Hansard, 15 May 2017, p. 37.

[271]    Mr Lander, SA ICAC, Committee Hansard, 15 May 2017, pp. 34–35.

[272]    Mr Lander, SA ICAC, Committee Hansard, 15 May 2017, p. 35.

[273]    Mr Lander, SA ICAC, Committee Hansard, 15 May 2017, p. 30.

[274]    Independent Commissioner Against Corruption Act 2012 (SA), ss. 5(3) and ss. 5(4).

[275]    Independent Commission Against Corruption, About Us, https://icac.sa.gov.au/content/about-us-0 (accessed 30 August 2017).

[276]    Independent Commissioner Against Corruption Act 2012 (SA), Schedule 1.

[277]    Mr Lander, SA ICAC, Committee Hansard, 15 May 2017, p. 30.

[278]    Independent Commissioner Against Corruption Act 2012 (SA), s. 23.

[279]    Independent Commissioner Against Corruption Act 2012 (SA), ss. 31(1) and ss. 31(2).

[280]    Criminal Investigation (Covert Operations) Act 2009, Part 2, Part 3 and Part 4.

[281]    Listening and Surveillance Devices Act 1972 (SA), ss. 6(2).

[282]    Independent Commissioner Against Corruption Act 2012 (SA), Schedule 2, s. 5 and s. 6.

[283]    Independent Commissioner Against Corruption Act 2012 (SA), ss. 7(4).

[284]    Mr Lander, SA ICAC, Committee Hansard, 15 May 2017, pp. 30–1.

[285]    Mr Lander, SA ICAC, Committee Hansard, 15 May 2017, p. 30.

[286]    Mr Lander, SA ICAC, Committee Hansard, 15 May 2017, p. 31; ICAC Act (SA), s. 25.

[287]    TIA, Submission 21, p. 8.

[288]    Leah MacLennan, 'South Australia's ICAC Commissioner says fractured relationship with Police Ombudsman is "improving"', ABC News, 10 November 2015, http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-11-10/icac-commissioner-bruce-lander-faces-public-integrity-committee/6927066 (accessed 16 August 2017); see also discussion at Gilbert + Tobin, Submission 18, Attachment 1, p. 26.

[289]    Independent Commissioner Against Corruption Act 2012 (SA), s. 4.

[290]    Independent Commissioner Against Corruption Act 2012 (SA), ss. 24(2).

[291]    Gilbert + Tobin, Submission 18, Attachment 1, p. 27.

[292]    SA ICAC, Annual Report 2014–2015, p. 47.

[293]    SA ICAC, Annual Report 2015–2016, p. 52.

[294]    Independent Commissioner Against Corruption Act 2012, s. 45.

[295]    Parliamentary Committees Act 1991, s. 15N.

[296]    Parliamentary Committees Act 1991, s. 15O.

[297]    Independent Commissioner Against Corruption Act 2012 (SA), Schedule 4, ss. 2(1).

[298]    Independent Commissioner Against Corruption Act 2012 (SA), Schedule 4, s. 3.

[299]    Independent Commissioner Against Corruption Act 2012 (SA), Schedule 4, ss. 3(6) to ss. 3(8).

[300]    The Hon. K. P. Duggan AM QC, Report of a review of the operations of the Independent Commissioner Against Corruption and the Office for Public Integrity for the period 1 July 2015 to 30 June 2016, 3 September 2016, p. 24.

[301]    Independent Commissioner Against Corruption Act 2012 (SA), s. 49.

[302]    Transparency International, Corruption Perceptions Index 2016, https://www.transparency.org/news/feature/corruption_perceptions_index_2016 (accessed 24 August 2016).

[303]    Senate Select Committee on the Establishment of a National Integrity Commission, Interim Report, May 2016, p. 14.

[304]    Senate Select Committee on the Establishment of a National Integrity Commission, Interim Report, May 2016, p. 14.

[305]    Attorney-General's Department (AGD), Submission 11, p. 2.

[306]    AGD, Submission 11, p. 2.

[307]    ART, Submission 31 [2016], p. 14.

[308]    NSWCCL, Submission 26, p. 4.

[309]    Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Specialised anti‑corruption institutions: review of models: second edition, OECD Publishing, Paris, 2013, p. 39.

[310]    OECD, Specialised anti‑corruption institutions: review of models: second edition, OECD Publishing, Paris, 2013, p. 39.

[311]    OECD, Specialised anti‑corruption institutions: review of models: second edition, OECD Publishing, Paris, 2013, pp. 40–41.

[312]    Mr Chesney O’Donnell, Submission 15 [2016], p. 15.

[313]    Mr O'Donnell, Submission 15 [2016], pp. 15–16 (citations omitted).

[314]    Mr O'Donnell, Submission 15 [2016], p. 4

[315]    Professor Charles Sampford, Submission 28 [2016], Appendix one, p. 3 (citations omitted).

[316]    NSWCCL, Submission 26, p. 4.

[317]    Mr Michael Callan, Submission 5 [2016], p. 10.

[318]    Mr O'Donnell, Submission 15 [2016], p. 18.

[319]    Mr Tom Rogers, Electoral Commissioner, Australian Electoral Commission (AEC), Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 40.

[320]    Mr Rogers, AEC, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 40.

[321]    Professor Brown, A new federal integrity system in the making? The case for a Commonwealth anti-corruption agency, Australian Public Law Blog, 11 August 2017, https://auspublaw.org/2017/08/a-new-federal-integrity-system-in-the-making/ (accessed 28 August 2017).

[322]    See para. 3.7 above.

[323]    See: Parliamentary Joint Select Committee on Ethical Conduct, Public Office is Public Trust, Tasmania, 2009; State Services Authority, Review of Victoria's integrity and anti-corruption system, Melbourne, 2010; and the Hon. T.R. Kenyon, Minister for Employment, Higher Education and Skills, Minister for Science and the Information Economy, Minister for Recreation and Sport, House of Assembly Hansard, 2 May 2012, p. 1357.

Chapter 4 - Arguments for and against the establishment of a national integrity commission

[1]        See, for example, Queensland Integrity Commissioner, Submission 2 [2016], p. 1; Michael Callan, Submission 5, p. 9; Mr Trevor Clarke, Director of Industrial and Legal Policy, Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU), Committee Hansard, 17 May 2017, p. 25.

[2]        See, for example, Institute of Public Affairs (IPA), Submission 20 [2016], p. 4; Rule of Law Institute of Australia (RoLIA), Submission 8 [2016], p. 1.

[3]        Mr Chris Merritt, Legal Affairs Editor, The Australian, Committee Hansard 12 May 2017, p. 22.

[4]        Australia Institute (AI), Submission 14, p. 3.

[5]        AI, Submission 14, pp. 3–7.

[6]        Senate Select Committee on the Establishment of a National Integrity Commission, Interim Report, May 2016, Chapter 3.

[7]        An outline of Professor Gabrielle Appleby and Dr Grant Hoole's research paper is included in chapter 2 of this report, as part of a current audit into the Commonwealth's integrity framework.

[8]        Gilbert + Tobin Centre of Public Law (Gilbert + Tobin), Submission 18, Attachment 1, p. 11.

[9]        Gilbert + Tobin, Submission 18, Attachment 1, p. 12.

[10]      Mr Anthony Whealy QC, Chair, Transparency International Australia (TIA), Committee Hansard, 17 may 2017, p. 13. 

[11]      Ms Gabrielle Bashir SC, Member, National Criminal Law Committee, Law Council of Australia (LCA), Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 6. 

[12]      Professor John McMillan, Acting New South Wales Ombudsman, New South Wales Ombudsman, Committee Hansard, 12 May 2017, p. 2.

[13]      Professor McMillan, NSW Ombudsman, Committee Hansard, 12 May 2017, p. 2.

[14]      Professor McMillan, NSW Ombudsman, Committee Hansard, 12 May 2017, p. 7. 

[15]      Professor McMillan, New South Wales Ombudsman, Committee Hansard, 12 May 2017, p. 2.

[16]      Professor McMillan, New South Wales Ombudsman, Committee Hansard, 12 May 2017, p. 2.

[17]      Professor A.J. Brown, Program Leader, Centre for Governance and Public Policy, Griffith University (Griffith University), Committee Hansard, 15 May 2017, pp. 6–7.

[18]      Professor Brown, Griffith University, Committee Hansard, 15 May 2017, p. 2. 

[19]      Professor Brown, Griffith University, Committee Hansard, 15 May 2017, pp. 6–7.

[20]      Professor Haig Patapan, Director, Griffith University, Committee Hansard, 15 May 2017, p. 7.

[21]      See, for example, LCA, Submission 18 [2016], p. 12; Ms Kate McClymont, Investigative Journalist, Fairfax Media, Committee Hansard, 12 May 2017, p. 27; Mr Malcolm Stewart, Vice-President, RoLIA, Committee Hansard, 17 May 2017, p. 1; Civil Liberties Australia, Submission 17, p. 5.

[22]      Gilbert + Tobin, Submission 19 [2016], p. 13.

[23]      Gilbert + Tobin, Submission 19 [2016], p. 3.

[24]      Professor Charles Sampford, Submission 28 [2016], p. 5.

[25]      New South Wales Council for Civil Liberties (NSWCCL), Submission 26, p. 8.

[26]      Professor Appleby, Committee Hansard, 12 May 2017, p. 14. 

[27]      Professor Brown, Griffith University, Committee Hansard, 15 May 2017, p. 10. 

[28]      Professor Brown, Griffith University, Committee Hansard, 15 May 2017, p. 11.

[29]      Professor Anne Twomey, Committee Hansard, 12 May 2017, p. 17. 

[30]      Professor McMillan, NSW Ombudsman, Committee Hansard, 12 May 2017, pp. 10–11. 

[31]      See Royce Millar, 'Five cases federal anti-corruption body might have investigated', Sydney Morning Herald, 25 June 2016, available: http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/five-cases-federal-anticorruption-body-might-have-investigated-20160623-gpq3be.html (accessed 30 August 2017); Michaela Whitbourn, 'Sussan Ley controversy re-opens date about federal ICAC', Sydney Morning Herald, 9 January 2017, available: http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-opinion/sussan-ley-controversy-reopens-debate-about-federal-icac-20170109-gto1qc.html (accessed 30 August 2017); Rosie Lewis, 'Sam Dastyari's Chinese donation 'cash for comment' says PM', The Australian, 2 September 2016, available: http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/download/media/pressclp/1320215/upload_binary/1320215.pdf;fileType=application%2Fpdf - search=%22parliament%20corruption%20MP%20oversight%20federal%20craig%20thomson%22 (accessed 30 August 2017); Lenore Taylor, 'A federal ICAC is voters' best chance at breaking the scandal cycle', The Guardian, 17 June 2017, available: https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/jun/17/a-federal-icac-is-voters-best-chance-at-breaking-the-scandal-cycle (accessed 30 August 2017).

[32]      Chapter 2 of this report outlines the role Parliament has in the existing multi-agency framework, along with descriptions of the Statement of Ministerial Standards and the Statement of Standards for Ministerial Staff.

[33]      Mr Stewart, RoLIA, Committee Hansard, 17 May 2017, p. 3.

[34]      RoLIA, Submission 8 [2016], p. 3.

[35]      Attorney-General's Department (AGD), Submission 23 [2016], p. 7.

[36]      Mr Richard Pye, Clerk of the Senate, Department of the Senate, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 20.

[37]      Mr Pye, Clerk of the Senate, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 21. 

[38]      See, for example, Ms Jennifer Meyer-Smith, Submission 6 [2016], p. 1; Mr Adam Presnell, Submission 2, p. 3.

[39]      Professor Appleby, Committee Hansard, 12 May 2017, p. 15.

[40]      Professor Appleby, Committee Hansard, 12 May 2017, p. 15.

[41]      Gilbert + Tobin, Submission 19 [2016], p. 11.

[42]      Gilbert + Tobin, Submission 19 [2016], p. 11.

[43]      Professor George Williams AO and Mr Harry Hobbs, Submission 8, p. 8.

[44]      AI, Submission 14, p. 5 (footnotes omitted).

[45]      Mr Whealy, TIA, Committee Hansard, 17 May 2017, p. 13.

[46]      Professor Twomey, Committee Hansard, 12 May 2017, p. 15.

[47]      Mr Charles, ART, Committee Hansard, 17 May 2017, p. 18.

[48]      Professor Twomey, Committee Hansard, 12 May 2017, p. 15.

[49]      Harry Evans and Rosemary Laing, eds, Odgers' Australian Senate Practice, 14^th edition, Department of the Senate, 2016, p. 96.

[50]      Professor Brown, Griffith University, Committee Hansard, 15 May 2017, p. 3.

[51]      Mr Samuel Ankamah, Griffith University, Committee Hansard, 15 May 2017, p. 5.

[52]      Mr Ankamah, Griffith University, Committee Hansard, 15 May 2017, p. 5.

[53]      TIA, Submission 21, p. 7.

[54]      TIA, Submission 21, p. 7.

[55]      Gilbert + Tobin, Submission 19 [2016], p. 3.

[56]      LCA, Submission 9, pp. 13–20.

[57]      LCA, Submission 9, p. 17.

[58]      Professor Sampford, Submission 28 [2016], p. 2.

[59]      Professor Sampford, Submission 28 [2016], p. 5.

[60]      Professor Sampford, Submission 28 [2016], p. 4 (footnotes omitted).

[61]      Mr Stewart, RoLIA, Committee Hansard, 17 May 2017, pp. 1–2.

[62]      IPA, Submission 20 [2016], p. 4.

[63]      NSWCCL, Submission 26, p. 11.

[64]      Professor McMillan, NSW Ombudsman, Committee Hansard, 12 May 2017, p. 2. 

[65]      Professor Appleby, Committee Hansard, 12 May 2017, p. 12. 

[66]      Professor Appleby, Committee Hansard, 12 May 2017, p. 18. 

[67]      Mr Stewart, RoLIA, Committee Hansard, 17 May 2017, pp. 1–2. 

[68]      The Hon. Dr Peter Phelps MLC, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 15. 

[69]      See chapter 3, paragraph 3.14. to 3.15.

[70]      Ms McClymont, Fairfax Media and Mr Michael West, Journalist and Proprietor, michaelwest.com.au, Committee Hansard, 12 May 2017, p. 29. 

[71]      Mr Stewart, RoLIA, Committee Hansard, 17 May 2017, p. 5.

[72]      Mr Robin Brett QC, Victorian Inspectorate, Committee Hansard, 17 May 2017, p. 10.

[73]      Senate Select Committee on the Establishment of a National Integrity Commission, Interim Report, May 2016, p. 27.

[74]      See, for example, ART, Submission 20, p. 16; TIA, Submission 21, p. 6; Mr Clarke, ACTU, Committee Hansard, 17 May 2017, p. 26; Mr Ankamah, Griffith University, Committee Hansard, 15 May 2017, p. 5.

[75]      The Hon. Bruce Thomas Lander QC, Independent Commissioner Against Corruption, Independent Commissioner Against Corruption South Australia, Committee Hansard, 15 May 2017, p. 30.

[76]      Mr Lander, Independent Commissioner Against Corruption, Committee Hansard, 15 May 2017, p. 34.

[77]      Gilbert + Tobin, Submission 19 [2016], p. 21.

[78]      Professor Twomey, Committee Hansard, 12 May 2017, p. 11.

[79]      Dr Phelps, Submission 24, p. 6.

[80]      Professor Twomey, Committee Hansard, 12 May 2017, p. 21.

[81]      NSWCCL, Submission 26, p. 15.

[82]      Gilbert + Tobin, Submission 19 [2016], p. 29.

[83]      Mr Lander, Independent Commission Against Corruption South Australia, Committee Hansard, 15 May 2017, p. 31. 

[84]      Mr Merritt, The Australian, Committee Hansard 12 May 2017, p. 30.

[85]      Mr Merritt, The Australian, Committee Hansard, 12 May 2017, p. 23. 

[86]      Dr Phelps, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 13.

[87]      Dr Phelps, Submission 24, p. 5.

[88]      Mr Stewart, RoLIA, Committee Hansard, 17 May 2017, p. 6.

[89]      Mr John Nicholson SC, Acting Inspector, Office of the Inspector of the Independent Commission Against Corruption, Committee Hansard, 12 May 2017, p. 42. 

[90]      Professor Twomey, Committee Hansard, 12 May 2017, p. 21.

[91]      Professor Twomey, Committee Hansard, 12 May 2017, p. 21.

[92]      AI, Submission 14, p. 10.

[93]      AI, Submission 14, p. 10.

[94]      AI, Submission 14, Attachment 1, p. 2.

[95]      Ms McClymont, Fairfax Media, Committee Hansard, 12 May 2017, p. 29.

[96]      Mr Whealy, TIA, Committee Hansard, 17 May 2017, p. 14.

[97]      Mr Whealy, TIA, Committee Hansard, 17 May 2017, p. 14.

[98]      Mr Whealy, TIA, Committee Hansard, 17 May 2017, p. 14.

[99]      Mr Geoffrey Watson QC, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 27.

[100]    Mr Watson, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 30.

[101]    Mr Charles, ART, Committee Hansard, 17 May 2017, p. 16.

[102]    Mr Charles, ART and Mr Whealy, TIA, Committee Hansard, 17 May 2017, p. 22.

[103]    Gilbert + Tobin, Submission 19 [2016], p. 32.

[104]    Gilbert + Tobin, Submission 19 [2016], p. 4, p. 32.

[105]    Professor Brown, Griffith University, Committee Hansard, 15 May 2017, pp. 7–8.

[106]    NSWCCL, Submission 26, p. 15.

[107]    NSWCCL, Submission 26, p. 15.

[108]    LCA, Submission 9, p. 14.

[109]    TIA, Submission 21, pp. 7–8.

[110]    Mr Brett, Victorian Inspectorate, Committee Hansard, 17 May 2017, p. 10.

[111]    Mr Brett, Victorian Inspectorate, Committee Hansard, 17 May 2017, p. 11.

[112]    Mr Brett, Victorian Inspectorate, Committee Hansard, 17 May 2017, p. 11.

[113]    Mr Brett, Victorian Inspectorate, Committee Hansard, 17 May 2017, p. 11.

[114]    Mr Forbes Smith, Chief Executive Officer, Crime and Corruption Commission, Queensland, Committee Hansard, 15 May 2017, p. 13.

[115]    Ms Karen Carmody, Parliamentary Crime and Corruption Commissioner, Office of the Parliamentary Crime and Corruption Commissioner (OPCCC), Committee Hansard, 15 May 2017, p. 26.

[116]    Mr Michael Griffin AM, Integrity Commissioner, Australian Commission for Law Enforcement Integrity (ACLEI), Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, p. 42.

[117]    Mr Griffin, ACLEI, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, p. 41.

[118]    Mr Griffin, ACLEI, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, p. 44.

[119]    TIA, Submission 21, p. 4.

[120]    TIA, Submission 21, p. 9.

[121]    Ms Bashir, LCA, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 2.

[122]    Australian Public Service Commissioner (APSC), Submission 16 [2016], p. 3.

[123]    See, for example, ART, Submission 20, Appendix 3, p. 2; 

[124]    United Nations Convention Against Corruption, Mexico, 9 December 2003, entry into force 6 January 2006, [2006] ATS 2, Chapter III, Article 36.

[125]    See, for example, ART, Submission 31 [2016], p. 7; Mr Chesney O'Donnell, Submission 15 [2016], pp. 5–6; Mr Nicholas McKenzie, Journalist, Fairfax Media, Committee Hansard, 12 May 2017, pp. 26–27.

[126]    Gilbert + Tobin, Submission 19 [2016], p. 38.

[127]    Gilbert + Tobin, Submission 19 [2016], p. 40.

[128]    Mr O'Donnell, Submission 15 [2016], pp. 5–6 (footnotes omitted).

[129]    NSWCCL, Submission 26, p. 16.

[130]    ART, Submission 31, p. 7.

[131]    Mr McKenzie, Fairfax Media, Committee Hansard, 12 May 2017, p. 27.

[132]    RoLIA, Submission 8 [2016], p. 3.

[133]    AGD, Submission 23, p. 7.

[134]    Professor McMillan, New South Wales Ombudsman, Committee Hansard, 12 May 2017, p. 5.

[135]    TIA, Submission 11 [2016], p. 20.

[136]    Gilbert + Tobin, Submission 19 [2016], p. 40.

[137]    Gilbert + Tobin, Submission 19 [2016], p. 38.

[138]    Dr Phelps, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 10. 

[139]    House of Representatives Standing Committee of Privileges and Members’ Interests, Draft Code of Conduct for Members of Parliament: Discussion Paper, November 2011, p. viv.

[140]    House of Representatives Standing Committee of Privileges and Members’ Interests, Draft Code of Conduct for Members of Parliament: Discussion Paper, November 2011, p. 43.

[141]    House of Representatives Standing Committee of Privileges and Members’ Interests, Draft Code of Conduct for Members of Parliament: Discussion Paper, November 2011, pp. 43–44.

[142]    Senate Committee of Senators’ Interests, Code of Conduct Inquiry, November 2012, p. 13 (citations omitted).

[143]    Senate Committee of Senators’ Interests, Code of Conduct Inquiry, November 2012, p. 15.

[144]    Senate Committee of Senators’ Interests, Code of Conduct Inquiry, November 2012, p. 16 (citations omitted).

[145]    Mr Pye, Clerk of the Senate, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 22.

[146]    Gilbert + Tobin, Submission 19 [2016], p. 11.

[147]    Dr Phelps, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 10. 

[148]    AGD, Submission 23 [2016], p. 2.

[149]    APSC, Submission 16 [2016], p. 2.

[150]    Ms Stephanie Foster, Deputy Public Service Commissioner, APSC, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, p. 54.

[151]    APSC, Submission 16 [2016], p. 4.

[152]    Commonwealth Ombudsman, Submission 30 [2016], p. 2.

[153]    Mr Grant Hehir, Auditor-General, Australian National Audit Office, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, p. 3.

[154]    The Hon. John Lloyd, Australian Public Service Commissioner, APSC, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, p. 53.

[155]    The ARC-funded Research Linkage Project is a collaboration between Griffith University, Flinders University, the University of the Sunshine Coast, TIA, the NSW Ombudsman, the Queensland Integrity Commissioner and the Queensland Crime and Corruption Commission.

[156]    Mr Ankamah, Griffith University, Committee Hansard, 15 May 2017, p. 5. 

[157]    Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet, Open Government Partnership – Australia: 4.2- National Integrity Framework, available: https://ogpau.pmc.gov.au/commitment/42-national-integrity-framework (accessed 6 September 2017). 

[158]    Professor McMillan, NSW Ombudsman, Committee Hansard, 12 May 2017, p. 5. 

[159]    For example, para. 7(2)(g) of the Parliamentary Joint Committee on Law Enforcement Act 2010 prohibits the Parliamentary Joint Committee on Law Enforcement from 'monitoring, reviewing or reporting on the performance by the Australian Federal Police of its functions under Part 5.3 of the [Criminal Code Act 1995]' (terrorism).

[160]    Department of the Senate, Procedural Information Bulletin No. 269, 30 November 2012, p. 6. 

[161]    See discussion at paragraph 2.310 to 2.331.

[162]    Commonwealth of Australia, Statement of Ministerial Standards, September 2015, p. 6.

[163]    See discussion at paragraphs 2.333 and 2.334.

Additional Comments from NXT

[1]        Mr Ankamah, Griffith University, Committee Hansard, 15 May 2017, p. 5.

[2]        Professor Appleby, Committee Hansard, 12 May 2017, p. 14.

[3]        Professor Appleby, Committee Hansard, 12 May 2017, p. 12.

[4]        Ms Bashir SC, Law Council of Australia, Committee Hansard, 16 June 2017, p. 6.

[5]        Australian Research Council Linkage Project, Discussion Paper #1: Strengthening Australia’s National Integrity System: Priorities for Reform, March 2017, p. 4.

[6]        Committee on the Independent Commission Against Corruption, Review of the Independent Commission Against Corruption: Consideration of the Inspector’s Reports, October 2016, p. viii.

[7]        Ms McClymont, Fairfax Media and Mr West, Journalist and Proprietor, michaelwest.com.au, Committee Hansard, 12 May 2017, p. 29.

[8]        The Australia Institute, Submission 14, p. 9.

[9]        The Australia Institute, Submission 14, p. 9 (citations omitted).

[10]      Transparency International Australia, Submission 21, pp 7-8.

[11]      Mr Smith, Qld CCC, Committee Hansard, 15 May 2017, p. 13.

[12]      Leah MacLennan, 'South Australia's ICAC Commissioner says fractured relationship with Police Ombudsman is "improving"', ABC News, 10 November 2015, available: http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-11-10/icac-commissioner-bruce-lander-faces-public-integrity-committee/6927066 (accessed 16 August 2017); see also discussion at Gilbert + Tobin, Submission 18, Attachment 1, p. 26.

[13]      Miles Kemp, ‘Report finds SA ICAC least effective in Australia because hearings are kept secret’, The Advertiser, July 31 2017, available: http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/south-australia/report-finds-sa-icac-least-effective-in-australia-because-hearings-are-kept-secret/news-story/dc31ca2a1ef1eb334dbee39774de6d4c (accessed 11 September 2017).

[14]      Professor Twomey, Committee Hansard, 12 May 2017, p. 21.

[15]      Mr Ankamah, Committee Hansard, 15 May 2017, p. 4.

[16]      Mr Griffin, ACLEI, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2017, p. 44.

[17]      Mr Lander, SA ICAC, Committee Hansard, 15 May 2017, p.30

[18]      Gilbert + Tobin, Submission 18, p. 3.

[19]      Professor Brown, Griffith University, Committee Hansard, 15 May 2017, p. 10.

[20]      Professor Brown, Griffith University, Committee Hansard, 15 May 2017, p. 10.

[21]      Independent Broad-based Anti-corruption Commission Committee, The performance of the Independent Broad-based Anti-corruption Commission and the Victorian Inspectorate 2015/16, November 2016, pp 23–24.

[22]      Professor Appleby, Committee Hansard, Friday 12 May 2017 p. 13.

[23]      Mr Nicholas McKenzie, Journalist, Fairfax Media, Committee Hansard, 12 May 2017, p. 36.

[24]      The Hon. Bruce Thomas Lander QC, Independent Commissioner Against Corruption, SA ICAC, Committee Hansard, 15 May 2017, p. 36.

Australian Greens – Dissenting Report

[1]        The Australia Institute, Support for a federal ICAC [POLL], available: http://www.tai.org.au/content/support-federal-icac-poll. 

[2]        See pp 217-218. 

[3]        Submission 14, p. 5. 

[4]        Submission 14, p. 11. 

[5]        Submission 9, p. 12. 

[6]        Submission 26, p. 3.