Footnotes

Chapter 1 - Introduction

[1]        Journals of the Senate, No. 3 – 30 September 2010, p. 153.

[2]        The Hon. Robert McClelland MP, Attorney-General, House of Representatives Hansard, 24 June 2010, p. 6527.

[3]        The Hon. Robert McClelland MP, Attorney-General, House of Representatives Hansard, 30 September 2010, p. 277.

[4]        Explanatory Memorandum (EM), p. 1.

[5]        EM, p. 2.

[6]        The Hon. Kevin Rudd MP, The First National Security Statement to the Parliament, Address by the Prime Minister of Australia, 4 December 2008, http://pmrudd.archive.dpmc.gov.au/node/5424, accessed 15 November 2010.

[7]        The Hon. Robert McClelland MP, Attorney-General, House of Representatives Hansard, 30 September 2010, p. 278.

[8]        The Hon. Robert McClelland MP, Attorney-General, House of Representatives Hansard, 24 June 2010, p. 6527.

[9]        The Hon. Robert McClelland MP, Attorney-General, House of Representatives Hansard, 24 June 2010, p. 6527.

[10]      EM, p. 1.

Chapter 2 - Overview of the Bill

[1]        Schedule 2.

[2]        Schedule 3.

[3]        Schedule 4.

[4]        Section 7 of the TIA Act.

[5]        Section 49 of the TIA Act.

[6]        EM, p. 4.

[7]        The Hon. Robert McClelland MP, Attorney-General, House of Representatives Hansard, 24 June 2010, p. 6527.

[8]        Item 5 of Schedule 1.

[9]        EM, p. 28.

[10]      Item 7 of Schedule 1.

[11]      EM, pp 1 and 7.

[12]      Items 18 and 19 of Schedule 1.

[13]      EM, p. 1.

[14]      Item 8 of Schedule 1.

[15]      Item 16 of Schedule 1.

[16]      Item 23 of Schedule 1 in relation to Commonwealth agencies and Item 25 of Schedule 1 in relation to State agencies.

[17]      Item 26 of Schedule 1.

[18]      Section 191 of the TIA Act.

[19]      Defined in section 6R of the TIA Act to mean the Secretary of the Department. This role is currently performed by the First Assistant Secretary, National Security Law and Policy Division (Attorney-General's Department, Submission 3, p. 5).

[20]      Section 196 of the TIA Act.

[21]      Item 8 of Schedule 2.

[22]      'Notifiable equipment' is defined in Item 4 of Schedule 2 as 'equipment that: (a) provides all or part of the carrier or provider's telecommunication services; or (b) manages all or part of the provision of the carrier or provider's telecommunication services; or (c) manages some or all of the information to which section 276 of the Telecommunications Act 1997 applies in relation to the carrier or provider.'

[23]      The EM states at p. 13 that the term 'management' includes: 'both technical management, such as maintenance and support, as well as business management, such as the collection, storage and administration of customer information, personal details and other management ancillary to the service itself'.

[24]      Item 8 of Schedule 2.

[25]      Item 8 of Schedule 2.

[26]      Item 8 of Schedule 2.

[27]      Item 8 of Schedule 2.

[28]      The Hon. Robert McClelland MP, Attorney-General, House of Representatives Hansard, 30 September 2010, p. 277.

[29]      Attorney-General's Department, Submission 3, p. 5.

[30]      Item 9 of Schedule 2. This item clarifies that the provision will only apply to changes proposed after the commencement of the Schedule. Changes proposed prior to, but not implemented, at commencement will be bound by the requirement for updated business plans to be reported.

[31]      See sections 276, 277 and 278 of the Telecommunications Act.

[32]      Part 4-1 of the TIA Act.

[33]      Under subsection 5(1) of the TIA Act, an authorising officer is the head or deputy head of the relevant agency or a person acting as head or deputy head, or a person who holds, or is acting in an office or position that is covered by an authorisation under subsection 5AB(1) of the TIA Act.

[34]      Item 3 of Schedule 3.

[35]      EM, p. 15.

[36]      A situation where a person is unable to consent would include 'being a child, suffering a relevant mental disability or being in a coma': EM, p. 16.

[37]      Item 5 of Schedule 3.

[38]      EM, p. 16.

[39]      Item 7 of Schedule 3.

[40]      Item 8 of Schedule 3.

[41]      Defined in section 5 of the TIA Act as a communication that is not passing over a telecommunications system, that is held on equipment operated by and in the possession of a carrier and that cannot be accessed without the assistance of the carrier.

[42]      Defined in section 5E of the TIA Act to include certain serious contraventions of a law of the Commonwealth, a state or a territory (for example, a serious offence or an offence punishable by imprisonment for a period of at least 3 years).

[43]      Section 108 of the TIA Act.

[44]      Paragraph 116(1)(d) of the TIA Act.

[45]      EM, p. 18.

[46]      EM, p. 18.

[47]      Item 4 of Schedule 4.

[48]      Section 47 of the TIA Act.

[49]      EM, p. 20.

[50]      Items 2-9 of Schedule 5.

[51]      EM, pp 2 and 28.

[52]      Defined in Item 4 of Schedule 6.

[53]      Items 17 and 27 of Schedule 6.

[54]      Item 17 of Schedule 6.

[55]      Item 7 of Schedule 6.

[56]      Item 17 of Schedule 6.

[57]      Item 7 of Schedule 6.

[58]      EM, p. 24.

[59]      Item 12 of Schedule 6.

[60]      'Serious crime' is defined in Item 8 of Schedule 6 to mean an offence punishable by a period of imprisonment that exceeds 12 months – consistent with the definition in section 3 of the IS Act.

[61]      The 'national interest' is not defined.

[62]      Item 12 of Schedule 6.

[63]      EM, p. 28.

[64]      EM, p. 26.

[65]      EM, p. 26.

[66]      Item 12 of Schedule 6.

[67]      Items 18 and 19 of Schedule 6.

[68]      EM, p. 29.

[69]      Item 26 of Schedule 6.

[70]      EM, p. 30.

[71]      Items 17 and 27 of Schedule 6.

[72]      EM, pp 28 and 31.

[73]      Item 1 of Schedule 7.

[74]      Item 6 of Schedule 7.

[75]      Item 2 of Schedule 7.

[76]      Items 3 and 4 of Schedule 7.

Chapter 3 - Key issues

[1]        Submission 1, p. 2, Submission 6, p. 1, Submission 12, p. 1, Submission 15, p. 1, Submission 11, p. 1, respectively.

[2]        Submission 2, p. 3.

[3]        Submission 5, p. 1, Submission 9 and supplementary submission and Submission 14, respectively.

[4]        Submission 10, p. 1.

[5]        Submission 7, Submission 8 and Submission 13, respectively.

[6]        Submission 4, p. 1.

[7]        Submission 13, p. 8.

[8]        Submission 8, p. 3.

[9]        These agencies include the Australian Federal Police and the Australian Crime Commission.

[10]      Submission 8, p. 3.

[11]      Submission 8, p. 3.

[12]      Submission 8, p. 3.

[13]      Submission 8, p. 3.

[14]      Submission 8, p. 3.

[15]      Submission 8, p. 3.

[16]      Submission 3, p. 1.

[17]      Mr David Fricker, Australian Security Intelligence Organisation, Committee Hansard, 11 November 2010, p. 25.

[18]      Submission 3, p. 1.

[19]      Submission 3, p. 1.

[20]      EM, p. 4.

[21]      Submission 13, p. 2.

[22]      Submission 13, p. 8.

[23]      Submission 13, p. 8.

[24]      Submission 13, p. 2.

[25]      Submission 7, p. 1.

[26]      ALRC Report 108, For Your Information: Australian Privacy Law and Practice, May 2008, Recommendation 34-1, Vol 1, p. 49 and Vol 2, pp 1165-1204.

[27]      Attorney-General's Department, answer to question on notice, received 19 November 2010, footnote 2, p. 1.

[28]      Attorney-General's Department, answer to question on notice, received 19 November 2010, p. 2.

[29]      Mr Geoff McDonald, Attorney-General's Department, Committee Hansard, 11 November 2010, p. 22.

[30]      Mr Geoff McDonald, Attorney-General's Department, Committee Hansard, 11 November 2010, pp 22-23.

[31]      Attorney-General's Department, answer to question on notice, received 19 November 2010, p. 2.

[32]      Item 8 of Schedule 2.

[33]      Submission 2.

[34]      Submission 2, p. 2.

[35]      Submission 2, p. 2.

[36]      Submission 2, p. 2.

[37]      The Hon. Robert McClelland MP, Attorney-General, House of Representatives Hansard, 30 September 2010, p. 277.

[38]      EM, p. 10.

[39]      Item 8 of Schedule 2.

[40]      Mr Michael Ryan, Telstra, appearing on behalf of the Communications Associations, Committee Hansard, 11 November 2010, p. 3.

[41]      Communications Associations, answer to question on notice, received 17 November 2010, pp 1-4.

[42]      Communications Associations, answer to question on notice, received 17 November 2010, p. 1.

[43]      Communications Associations, answer to question on notice, received 17 November 2010, p. 3.

[44]      Communications Associations, answer to question on notice, received 17 November 2010, p. 3.

[45]      Attorney-General's Department, answer to question on notice, received 19 November 2010, p. 6.

[46]      Attorney-General's Department, answer to question on notice, received 19 November 2010, p. 6.

[47]      Communications Associations, answer to question on notice, received 17 November 2010, p. 5.

[48]      Submission 9, p. 2.

[49]      Mr Michael Ryan, Telstra, appearing on behalf of the Communications Associations, Committee Hansard, 11 November 2010, p. 3.

[50]      Submission 2, p. 3.

[51]      Submission 2, p. 3.

[52]      Submission 2, p. 3.

[53]      Submission 2, p. 7.

[54]      Submission 2, p. 7.

[55]      Submission 2, p. 6.

[56]      Submission 2, p. 7.

[57]      Communications Associations, answer to question on notice, received 17 November 2010, pp 7-11.

[58]      Communications Associations, answer to question on notice, received 17 November 2010, pp 7-11.

[59]      Mr Geoff McDonald, Attorney-General's Department, Committee Hansard, 11 November 2010, p. 24.

[60]      Attorney-General's Department, answer to question on notice, received 19 November 2010, p. 6.

[61]      Communications Associations, answer to question on notice, received 17 November 2010, p. 5.

[62]      Committee Hansard, 11 November 2010, p. 24.

[63]      Attorney-General's Department, answer to question on notice, received 19 November 2010, p. 5.

[64]      Attorney-General's Department, answer to question on notice, received 19 November 2010, p. 9.

[65]      Attorney-General's Department, answer to question on notice, received 19 November 2010, p. 9.

[66]      Attorney-General's Department, answer to question on notice, received 19 November 2010, p. 9.

[67]      Attorney-General's Department, answer to question on notice, received 19 November 2010, p. 9.

[68]      Submission 9, p. 2.

[69]      Submission 13, p. 10.

[70]      Submission 13, p. 2.

[71]      Australian Government, Enhancing National Privacy Protection – First Stage Response to the Australian Law Reform Commission Report 108, For Your Information: Australian Privacy Law and Practice, October 2009, http://www.dpmc.gov.au/privacy/reforms.cfm

[72]      Submission 13, p. 10.

[73]      Australian Government, Enhancing National Privacy Protection – First Stage Response to the Australian Law Reform Commission Report 108, For Your Information: Australian Privacy Law and Practice, October 2009, p. 53.

[74]      Ms Helen Donovan, Law Council of Australia, Committee Hansard, 11 November 2010, p. 18.

[75]      Submission 3, p. 4.

[76]      Submission 3, p. 4.

[77]      Attorney-General's Department, answer to question on notice, received 19 November 2010, p. 10.

[78]      EM, p. 18.

[79]      Submission 8, p. 4.

[80]      Submission 8, p. 4

[81]      Submission 8, p. 4.

[82]      Submission 8, p. 3.

[83]      Submission 8, p. 3.

[84]      Submission 13, p. 3, p. 12.

[85]      Submission 13, p. 14.

[86]      Committee Hansard, 11 November 2010, p. 26.

[87]      Attorney-General's Department, answer to question on notice, received 19 November 2010, p. 8.

[88]      Attorney-General's Department, answer to question on notice, received 19 November 2010, p. 8.

[89]      Attorney-General's Department, answer to question on notice, received 19 November 2010, p. 8.

[90]      Subsection 116(2) of the TIA Act.

[91]      Item 17 of Schedule 6.

[92]      Item 7 of Schedule 6.

[93]      EM, p. 24.

[94]      Item 12 of Schedule 6.

[95]      'Serious crime' is defined in Item 8 of Schedule 6 to mean an offence punishable by a period of imprisonment that exceeds 12 months – consistent with the definition in section 3 of the IS Act.

[96]      Item 12 of Schedule 6.

[97]      Attorney-General's Department, answer to question on notice, received 19 November 2010, p. 12.

[98]      Attorney-General's Department, answer to question on notice, received 19 November 2010, p. 12.

[99]      Attorney-General's Department, answer to question on notice, received 19 November 2010, p. 13, referring to sections 6, 6B, 7 and 11(1) of the IS Act.

[100]    Submission 9, covering letter.

[101]    Submission 9, covering letter.

[102]    Submission 9, p. 1.

[103]    Submission 9, p. 1.

[104]    Submission 14, p. 1.

[105]    EM, p. 1.

[106]    Submission 4, p. 5.

[107]    Submission 5, p. 1.

[108]    Submission 5, p. 2.

[109]    Submission 13, pp 3 and. 6.

[110]    Submission 14, p. 3.

[111]    Submission 14, p. 3.

[112]    Attorney-General's Department, answer to question on notice, received 19 November 2010, p. 14, citing the evidence of Mr Fricker, Committee Hansard, 11 November 2010, page 25.

[113]    Submission 9, p. 3.

[114]    Submission 4, p. 2.

[115]    Submission 4, p. 3.

[116]    Submission 9, p. 4.

[117]    Submission 14.

[118]    Item 12 of Schedule 6.

[119]    Submission 14, p. 4.

[120]    Submission 14, p. 4.

[121]    Mr Geoff McDonald, Attorney-General's Department, Committee Hansard, 11 November 2010, p. 21.

[122]    Attorney-General's Department, answer to question on notice, received 19 November 2010, p. 15, referring to Wong v MIMIA [2002] FCA 1271.

[123]    Submission 9, p. 3.

[124]    Ms Helen Donovan, Law Council of Australia, Committee Hansard, 11 November 2010, p. 18.

[125]    Mr Geoff McDonald, Attorney-General's Department, Committee Hansard, 11 November 2010, p. 21.

[126]    Submission 13, p. 3.

[127]    Committee Hansard, 11 November 2010, p. 8.

[128]    Privacy Commissioner, answer to question on notice, received 17 November 2010.

[129]    Mr Geoff McDonald and Ms Annette Willing, Attorney-General's Department, Committee Hansard, 11 November 2010, pp 22-23.

[130]    Attorney-General's Department, answer to question on notice, received 19 November 2010, p. 15

[131]    Submission 6, p. 1.

[132]    Mr Peter Whowell, Australian Federal Police, Committee Hansard, 11 November 2010, p. 25, and correction letter of 16 November 2010.

[133]    Mr Peter Whowell, Australian Federal Police, correction letter of 16 November 2010.

[134]    Submission 1, pp 3-4.

[135]    Committee Hansard, 11 November 2010, Mr Timothy Pilgrim, Office of the Australian Information Commissioner, p. 9, Dr Roger Clarke, Australian Privacy Foundation, p. 11 and Ms Helen Donovan, Law Council of Australia, p. 16, respectively.

[136]    Committee Hansard, 11 November 2010, p. 9.

[137]    Attorney-General's Department, answer to question on notice, received 19 November 2010.

[138]    The former Office of the Privacy Commissioner's 4A Framework is set out as Attachment A to the Office of the Australian Information Commissioner's submission, Submission 13. The framework was used for assessing and implementing new law enforcement and national security powers. In summary, it required agencies to consider:

Analysis – is there a problem? Is the solution proportional to the problem? Is it the least privacy invasive solution to the problem? Is it in line with community expectations?

Authority – Under what circumstances will the organisation be able to exercise its powers and who will authorise their use?

Accountability – What are the safeguards? Who is auditing the system? How are complaints handled? Are the reporting mechanisms adequate? And how is the system working?

Appraisal – Are there built in review mechanisms? Has the measure delivered what it promised and at what cost and benefit?

[139]    Submission 13, p. 5.

[140]    Ms Helen Donovan, Law Council of Australia, Committee Hansard, 11 November 2010, p. 17.

[141]    Mr Geoff McDonald, Attorney-General's Department, Committee Hansard, 11 November 2010, p. 23.

[142]    Mr Geoff McDonald, Attorney-General's Department, Committee Hansard, 11 November 2010, p. 23.

[143]    Attorney-General's Department, answer to question on notice, received 19 November 2010, p. 4.

[144]    Attorney-General's Department, answer to question on notice, received 19 November 2010, p. 4.

[145]    Mr Geoff McDonald, Attorney-General's Department, Committee Hansard, 11 November 2010, p. 23. On Northwest Airlines Flight 253 on 25 December 2009, Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab, who it is asserted had concealed plastic explosives in his underwear, boarded an international passenger flight from Amsterdam Airport Schiphol in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, to Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport in Detroit, Michigan, United States of America. The explosives failed to detonate. On 28 December 2009, Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula claimed responsibility for the attempted bombing. President Barack Obama stated that the incident was 'not a failure to collect intelligence,' but a 'failure to integrate and understand the intelligence that we already had': Zeley, J., and Cooper, H., 'Obama Says Plot Could Have Been Disrupted', The New York Times, 5 January 2010, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/06/us/politics/06obama.html, accessed 16 November 2010.

[146]    Office of the Australian Information Commissioner, Submission 13, p. 5.

[147]    Office of the Australian Information Commissioner, Submission 13, p. 5.