Footnotes

CHAPTER 1 - Introduction and overview

[1]        Journals of the Senate, No. 112-25 February 2010, p. 3229.

[2]        Senator the Hon. Nigel Scullion, Senate Hansard, 23 February 2010, p. 56.

[3]        Subsection 3(1) of the Wild Rivers Act 2005 (Qld).

[4]        These statutory controls include the Wild Rivers Code 2007 (Qld), the Coastal Protection and Management Act 1995 (Qld), the Environmental Protection Act 1994 (Qld), the Forestry Act 1959 (Qld), the Fossicking Act 1994 (Qld), the Sustainable Planning Act 2009 (Qld), the Land Protection (Pest and Stock Route Management) Act 2002 (Qld), the Mineral Resources Act 1989 (Qld), the Nature Conservation Act 1992 (Qld), the State Development and Public Works Organisation Act 1971 (Qld), the Transport Infrastructure Act 1994 (Qld), the Vegetation Management Act 1999 (Qld) and the Water Act 2000 (Qld).

[5]        Subsection 3(2) and section 41 of the Wild Rivers Act 2005 (Qld). The Queensland Act also identifies two additional management areas: designated urban areas; and nominated waterways, secondary tributaries or streams in preservation areas that have been designated for wild river purposes.

[6]        Queensland Department of Environment and Resource Management, Frequently asked questions – wild rivers, pp 5-6: see http://www.derm.qld.gov.au/wildrivers/pdf/wild_rivers_web_faqs.pdf (accessed 15 June 2010).

[7]        Queensland Department of Environment and Resource Management, Frequently asked questions – wild rivers, p. 6: see http://www.derm.qld.gov.au/wildrivers/pdf/wild_rivers_web_faqs.pdf (accessed 15 June 2010).

[8]        Queensland Department of Infrastructure and Planning, Guide to using the IDAS development application forms: Guide 27 – Development in a wild river area, Version 1.3 (February 2009), Table 1: see http://www.dip.qld.gov.au/resources/idas-guide-27.pdf (accessed 15 June 2010).

CHAPTER 2 - Key issues

[1]        The first six wild river declarations were the Fraser, Gregory, Hinchinbrook, Morning Inlet, Settlement and Staaten Wild River Declarations (28 February 2007); the next three wild river declarations were the Archer, Stewart and Lockhart Wild River Declarations (3 April 2009); and the most recent wild river declaration was the Wenlock Wild River Declaration (4 June 2010). The Queensland Government has announced plans to propose a further 11 wild river declarations by mid‑2011: see the Hon. Stephen Robertson MP, Minister for Natural Resources, Mines and Energy, 'More wild rivers protection planned in 2009-10', Media Release, 16 June 2009.

[2]        For example, Lockhart River Aboriginal Shire Council, Submission 6, p. 2; Ms Phyllis Yunkaporta, Submission 9, p. 2; Mr Harold Lucwick, Submission 24, p. 1; and Australians for Native Title and Reconciliation, Submission 31, p. 4.

[3]        For example, Mr David Yarrow, Cape York Land Council, Committee Hansard, Cairns, 13 April 2010, pp 12-13; Mr Anthony Esposito, The Wilderness Society, Committee Hansard, Cairns, 13 April 2010, p. 28; and Mr Terry Piper, Balkanu Cape York Development Corporation, Committee Hansard, Cairns, 13 April 2010, p. 49.  Also see Carpentaria Land Council Aboriginal Corporation, Submission 27, p. 7 which questioned whether the Bill intends to bring the Queensland Act within the ambit of the future acts regime.

[4]        Submission 8, p. 3. Also see Western Australia v Ward [2002] HCA 28 at 219; Minister of State for the Army v Dalziel (1944) 68 CLR 261; Commonwealth v Tasmania (1983) 158 CLR 1; and Wurridjal v The Commonwealth [2009] HCA 2.

[5]        Submission 8, p. 4.

[6]        Submission 1, p. 3.

[7]        For example, Lockhart River Aboriginal Shire Council, Submission 6, p. 2; Cape York Institute, Submission 7, p. 5; Kokoberrin Tribal Aboriginal Corporation, Submission 15, p. 2; and Cape York Land Council, Submission 25, p. 6. However, for a different view see Chuulangun Aboriginal Corporation, Submission 10, p. 1.

[8]        Note also that section 42 of the Queensland Act deals with the effect of classification on particular development applications, and section 43 deals with the effect of a declaration on particular development applications.

[9]        Submission 25, p. 6. Also see Mr Greg McIntyre SC, Submission 8, p. 4.

[10]      Submission 7, p. 5. Professor Jon Altman also noted that 'under all forms of land rights, native title and complementary resource laws, Indigenous groups are guaranteed 'customary' non‑market use rights, but not commercial market (and tradable) rights': see Submission 14, p. 2. Also see Ms Katherine Jones, Attorney‑General's Department, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 March 2010, pp 8-9; and Mr Greg McIntyre SC, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 March 2010, p. 11 for further discussion of the legal meaning of 'native title rights'.

[11]      Mr Andrew Luttrell, Queensland Government, Committee Hansard, Cairns, 13 April 2010, p. 35.

[12]      Mr John Bradley, Queensland Government, Committee Hansard, Cairns, 13 April 2010, p. 36.

[13]      United Nations, Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (adopted by General Assembly Resolution 61/295 on 13 September 2007), Article 19. Also see Article 32(1): 'Indigenous peoples have the right to determine and develop priorities and strategies for the development or use of their lands or territories and other resources'.

[14]      For example, Cape York Institute, Submission 7, p. 6; Mr Greg McIntyre SC, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 March 2010, p. 13; and Mr Peter Kyle, Committee Hansard, Cairns, 13 April 2010, p. 84.

[15]      Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 March 2010, p. 13.

[16]      Mr Greg McIntyre SC, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 March 2010, p. 13.

[17]      Ms Katherine Jones, Attorney‑General's Department, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 March 2010, p. 8; and Mr Greg McIntyre SC, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 March 2010, pp 13-14 where Mr McIntyre notes debate regarding the inclusion of commercial rights.

[18]      Ms Katherine Jones, Attorney‑General's Department, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 March 2010, p. 7; and Professor George Williams, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 March 2010, p. 18.

[19]      For example, Ms Phyllis Yunkaporta, Submission 9, p. 2; Northern Peninsula Area Traditional Owners, Submission 13, p. 1; Kokoberrin Tribal Aboriginal Corporation, Submission 15, p. 2; Balkanu Cape York Development Corporation, Submission 19, p. 2; Girringun Aboriginal Corporation, Submission 26, p. 2; Carpentaria Land Council Aboriginal Corporation, Submission 27, pp 1-4; Ms Ann Creek, Submission 33, p. 1; Mr Joseph Elu, Cape York Sustainable Futures, Committee Hansard, Cairns, 13 April 2010, p. 70; and Cape York Sustainable Futures, additional information, received 13 April 2010, p. 1.

[20]      Submission 6, p. 2.

[21]      Submission 11, p. 2 and Attachment A, p. 1.

[22]      Committee Hansard, Cairns, 13 April 2010, p. 57.

[23]      Submission 10, p. 5.

[24]      Mr Joseph Elu, Cape York Sustainable Futures, Committee Hansard, Cairns, 13 April 2010, p. 74.

[25]      For example, Mr David Yarrow, Cape York Land Council, Committee Hansard, Cairns, 13 April 2010, p. 12; Mr Anthony Esposito, The Wilderness Society, Committee Hansard, Cairns, 13 April 2010, p. 28; and Mr Murrandoo Yanner, Carpentaria Land Council Aboriginal Corporation, Committee Hansard, Cairns, 13 April 2010, p. 57.

[26]      Committee Hansard, Cairns, 13 April 2010, p. 57.

[27]      Committee Hansard, Cairns, 13 April 2010, p. 28.

[28]      Mr John Bradley, Queensland Government, Committee Hansard, Cairns, 13 April 2010, pp 33‑34.

[29]      Submission 35, pp 5-6 and Attachment A.

[30]      For example, Queensland Government, Submission 35, p. 4; Mr Greg McIntyre SC, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 March 2010, p. 11; Professor George Williams, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 March 2010, p. 17; Mr Noel Pearson, Cape York Institute, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 March 2010, p. 20; and Mr Anthony Esposito, The Wilderness Society, Committee Hansard, Cairns, 13 April 2010, p. 28.

[31]      Submission 10, p. 7. For similar arguments, see Mr Simon Kennedy, Submission 21, p. 1; The Wilderness Society, Submission 29, p. 14; Professor George Williams, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 March 2010, p. 17; and Mr Donald De Busch, Nyacha Kumopinta Aboriginal Corporation, Committee Hansard, Cairns, 13 April 2010, p. 3.

[32]      Submission 20, p. 3. For similar arguments, see Mr David Claudie, Chuulangun Aboriginal Corporation, Committee Hansard, Cairns, 13 April 2010, p. 7.

[33]      Submission 29, p. 11.

[34]      Submission 29, p. 11.

[35]      Submission 31, p. 4.

[36]      For example, Advance Cairns, Submission 3, p. 1; Cummings Economics, Submission 5, p. 2; and Cape York Institute, Submission 7, p. 7.

[37]      Submission 14, pp 4-5. Professor Altman's preference was for amendment of the Native Title Act 1993 to confer full resource rights where there have been native title determinations: see p. 5. Also see Professor George Williams, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 March 2010, p. 16 for similar views on the limited breadth of the Bill.

[38]      Submission 29, p. 13.

[39]      Mr Joseph Elu, Cape York Sustainable Futures, Committee Hansard, Cairns, 13 April 2010, p. 69.

[40]      For example, P&e Law, Submission 4, pp 1-2; Cape York Land Council, Submission 25, pp 2‑3; Mr Noel Pearson, Cape York Institute, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 March 2010, p. 23; Dr Paul Messenger, Cape Alumina Limited, Committee Hansard, Cairns, 13 April 2010, p. 63; and Cape York Sustainable Futures, additional information, received 13 April 2010, p. 1.

[41]      Mr David Yarrow, Cape York Land Council, Committee Hansard, Cairns, 13 April 2010, p. 17.

[42]      Submission 18, pp 21-22.

[43]      Submission 10, p. 7. Also see Dr Geoff Mosley, Submission 2, p. 2; and Mr Glenn Walker, The Wilderness Society, Committee Hansard, Cairns, 13 April 2010, p. 27 who presented similar views in this regard.

[44]      Committee Hansard, Cairns, 13 April 2010, p. 7. Also see Mr David Claudie, Chuulangun Aboriginal Corporation, Committee Hansard, Cairns, 13 April 2010, p. 9; and Mr Murrandoo Yanner, Carpentaria Land Council Aboriginal Corporation, Committee Hansard, Cairns, 13 April 2010, pp 56-57 for similar views.

[45]      Committee Hansard, Cairns, 13 April 2010, p. 53.

[46]      Committee Hansard, Cairns, 13 April 2010, p. 58.

[47]      Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 March 2010, p. 13. Also see Mr David Yarrow, Cape York Land Council, Committee Hansard, Cairns, 13 April 2010, p. 13 for a similar viewpoint.

[48]      Committee Hansard, Cairns, 13 April 2010, p. 13. This suggestion was supported in other evidence: see, for example, Dr Timothy Seelig, The Wilderness Society, Committee Hansard, Cairns, 13 April 2010, p. 29.

[49]      Submission 35, p. 2.

[50]      Mr John Bradley, Queensland Government, Committee Hansard, Cairns, 13 April 2010, p. 34.

[51]      Mr John Bradley, Queensland Government, Committee Hansard, Cairns, 13 April 2010, p. 34.

[52]      Submission 10, p. 7. Also see Mr Donald De Busch, Nyacha Kumopinta Aboriginal Corporation, Committee Hansard, Cairns, 13 April 2010, p. 8 who agreed with this view.

[53]      Additional information, received 13 April 2010, p. 1.

[54]      Submission 35, p. 6.

[55]      See Managing New Development summaries for the Archer, Lockhart and Stewart Basin Wild River Declarations provided by the Queensland Department of Environment and Resource Management: http://www.derm.qld.gov.au/wildrivers/archer.html; http://www.derm.qld.gov.au/wildrivers/lockhart.html; http://www.derm.qld.gov.au/wildrivers/stewart.html#managing_new_development (accessed 9 June 2010).

[56]      Submission 25, p. 6.

[57]      For example, Mr John Andy, Girringun Aboriginal Corporation, Committee Hansard, Cairns, 13 April 2010, p. 7; Mr David Claudie, Chuulangun Aboriginal Corporation, Committee Hansard, Cairns, 13 April 2010, p. 6; Mr Donald De Busch, Nyacha Kumopinta Aboriginal Corporation, Committee Hansard, Cairns, 13 April 2010, p. 7; and Mr Murrandoo Yanner, Carpentaria Land Council, Committee Hansard, Cairns, 13 April 2010, pp 56-57.

[58]      Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 March 2010, p. 22.

[59]      Mr John Bradley, Queensland Government, Committee Hansard, Cairns, 13 April 2010, p. 32.

[60]      Committee Hansard, Cairns, 13 April 2010, p. 51.                   

[61]      Committee Hansard, Cairns, 13 April 2010, p. 52.

[62]      Sections 8, 11, 13 and 15-16 of the Wild Rivers Act 2005 (Qld).

[63]      For example, Cape York Institute, Submission 7; Balkanu Cape York Development Corporation, Submission 18; Professor Suri Ratnapala, Submission 22; and Cape York Land Council, Submission 25.

[64]      Submission 7, p. 2.

[65]      Submission 18, p. 18. Also see Balkanu Cape York Development Corporation, answer to question on notice, received 28 April 2010.

[66]      Submission 18, p. 19.

[67]      Mr John Bradley, Queensland Government, Committee Hansard, Cairns, 13 April 2010, p. 37.

[68]      Submission 35, p. 14. Also see Mr John Bradley, Queensland Government, Committee Hansard, Cairns, 13 April 2010, p. 40.

[69]      Queensland Government, Submission 35, Attachment E; and Queensland Government, answer to questions on notice, received 6 May 2010, p. 4.

[70]      Section 51(xxvi) of the Constitution.

[71]      Submission 1, p. 3. For a similar, but slightly equivocal, view, see the Carpentaria Land Council Aboriginal Corporation, Submission 27, p. 7.

[72]      Submission 27, p. 7.

DISSENTING REPORT BY COALITION SENATORS

[1]        For example, Cape York Institute, Submission 7; Balkanu Cape York Development Corporation, Submission 18; Professor Suri Ratnapala, Submission 22; and Cape York Land Council, Submission 25.

[2]        Submission 7, p. 2.

[3]        Balkanu Cape York Development Corporation, additional information, received 13 April 2010, p. 6; and Senator the Hon. Ron Boswell, information tabled at Cairns public hearing, 13 April 2010.

[4]        Mr Scott Buchanan, Queensland Government, Committee Hansard, Cairns, 13 April 2010, pp 39-40.

[5]        Balkanu Cape York Development Corporation, additional information, received 13 April 2010, p. 7.

[6]        Submission 18, p. 18.

[7]        Submission 18, p. 19. Also see Balkanu Cape York Development Corporation, answer to question on notice, received 28 April 2010.

[8]        Queensland Government, Submission 35, Attachment E; and Queensland Government, answer to questions on notice, received 6 May 2010, p. 4.

[9]        Queensland Government, Submission 35, Attachment E, p.1.

[10]      Queensland Government, answer to questions on notice, received 6 May 2010, p. 1.

[11]      Mr Terry Piper, Balkanu Cape York Development Corporation, Committee Hansard, Cairns, 13 April 2010, p. 45.

[12]      Mr John Bradley, Queensland Government, Committee Hansard, Cairns, 13 April 2010, p. 40.

[13]      Mr John Bradley, Queensland Government, Committee Hansard, Cairns, 13 April 2010, p. 37.

[14]      The Australian Financial Review, Writs flow in battle over Cape York wild rivers, 9 June 2010.

[15]      For example, Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) News, Wild rivers legal stoush looms, 9 June 2010; and Northern Miner, Wild Rivers impact claim ignores facts, 11 June 2010;

[16]      Answer to questions on notice, received 16 April 2010, pp 3-6.

[17]      Submission 18, p. 7.

[18]      Submission 18, p. 7. Also see Balkanu Cape York Development Corporation, answer to questions on notice, received 16 April 2010, pp 3-6.

[19]      Submission 35, p. 6.

[20]      Subsection 3(1) of the Wild Rivers Queensland Act 2005 (Qld).

[21]      Senate Hansard, 23 February 2010, p. 883.

[22]      For example, Advance Cairns, Submission 3, p. 1; and Cummings Economics, Submission 5, p. 2.

[23]      Submission 37, Wild Rivers Policy – Likely impact on Indigenous Well‑Being, p. iii.

[24]      Submission 7, p. 8.

[25]      Mr Joseph Elu, Cape York Sustainable Futures, Committee Hansard, Cairns, 13 April 2010, p. 69 and p. 73. Also see Cape York Sustainable Futures, answer to questions on notice, received 30 April 2010.

[26]      Committee Hansard, Cairns, 13 April 2010, p. 85.

[27]      For example, Dr Paul Messenger, Cape Alumina Limited, Committee Hearing, Cairns, 13 April 2010, p. 61; and Mr Rodney Accoom, Lockhart River Aboriginal Shire Council, Committee Hansard, Cairns, 13 April 2010, pp 90-95.

[28]      For example, see Australian, Mining jobs lost to wild rivers, 5 June 2010; Australian Associated Press Financial News Wire, Miner backs High Court Action, 9 June 2010; and Dow Jones International News, Cape Alumina Backs Court Case Against Queensland Wild Rivers Law, 9 June 2010.

[29]      For example, see Australian Associated Press Financial News Wire, Matilda to halt Cape York exploration, 10 June 2010; and the Australian, Miner quits over Wild Rivers law, 11 June 2010.

[30]      The Australian, Bend ahead in Wild Rivers rules, 15 January 2010, p. 5.

[31]      See, for example, Advance Cairns, Submission 3, p. 1; and Cape Alumina Limited, Submission 30, p. 2.

[32]      For example, see Balkanu Cape York Development Corporation, Submission 18, pp 21-22; and Lama Lama Land Trust, Submission 23, Attachment A, p. 3. Also see Mr David Yarrow, Cape York Land Council, Committee Hansard, Cairns, 13 April 2010, pp 12 and 17.

[33]      Answer to questions on notice, received 18 June 2010, p. 1.

[34]      Queensland Government, Submission 35, p. 2. Also see Queensland Government, additional information, received 13 April 2010, p. 2.

[35]      Queensland Government, Submission 35, p. 2. Also see Queensland Government, additional information, received 13 April 2010, p. 2.

[36]      Submission 35, p. 2.

[37]      Mr John Bradley, Queensland Government, Committee Hansard, Cairns, 13 April 2010, p. 33.

[38]      Mr Rodney Accoom, Lockhart River Aboriginal Shire Council, Committee Hansard, Cairns, 13 April 2010, p. 90; and Dr Paul Messenger, Cape Alumina Limited, Committee Hansard, Cairns, 13 April 2010, p. 61.

[39]      For example, Mr Noel Pearson, Cape York Institute, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 March 2010, p. 22.

[40]      Submission 25, p. 6.

[41]      Cape York Land Council, Committee Hansard, Cairns, 13 April 2010, p. 13.

[42]      Committee Hansard, Cairns, 13 April 2010, p. 58. Also see Mr Greg McIntyre SC, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 March 2010, p. 13; and Mr David Yarrow, Cape York Land Council, Committee Hansard, Cairns, 13 April 2010, p. 13 for similar arguments.

[43]      Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 March 2010, p. 22.

[44]      Submission 18, pp 13-14.

[45]      Mr Gerhardt Pearson, Balkanu Cape York Development Corporation, Committee Hansard, Cairns, 13 April 2010, p. 43.

[46]      Queensland Government, Submission 35, Attachment 1, pp 1-8.

[47]      Balkanu Cape York Development Corporation, additional information, received 13 April 2010, p. 24.

[48]      Balkanu Cape York Development Corporation, additional information, received 13 April 2010, p. 24.

[49]      Submission 9, p. 2. Also see Balkanu Cape York Development Corporation, Submission 18 pp 17-18; and Aurukun Shire Council, Submission 36, p. 2.

[50]      Kokoberrin Tribal Aboriginal Corporation, Submission 15, p. 2 and p. 4.

[51]      Mr Joseph Elu, Cape York Sustainable Futures, Committee Hansard, Cairns, 13 April 2010, p. 74.

[52]      Submission 31, p. 2.

[53]      United Nations, Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (adopted by General Assembly Resolution 61/295 on 13 September 2007), Article 32.

[54]      For example, Aurukun Shire Council, Submission 36, p. 2; and Anglican Church (Brisbane Diocese), Submission 37, p. 2.

[55]      Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 March 2010, p. 13.

[56]      Submission 7, p. 6.

[57]      For example, Mr David Yarrow, Cape York Land Council, Committee Hansard, Cairns, 13 April 2010, pp 12-13; and Mr Terry Piper, Balkanu Cape York Development Corporation, Committee Hansard, Cairns, 13 April 2010, p. 49. 

[58]      Submission 8, p. 3. Also see Western Australia v Ward [2002] HCA 28 at 219; Minister of State for the Army v Dalziel (1944) 68 CLR 261; Commonwealth v Tasmania (1983) 158 CLR 1; and Wurridjal v The Commonwealth [2009] HCA 2.

[59]      Committee Hansard, Cairns, 13 April 2010, p. 12.

[60]      Submission 25, p. 6. Also see Mr Greg McIntyre SC, Submission 8, p. 4 for a similar viewpoint.

[61]      Submission 7, p. 5. In a similar vein, Professor Jon Altman noted that 'under all forms of land rights, native title and complementary resource laws, Indigenous groups are guaranteed 'customary' non‑market use rights, but not commercial market (and tradable) rights': see Submission 14, p. 2.

[62]      Mr Noel Pearson, Cape York Institute, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 March 2010, p. 23.

[63]      Submission 35, p. 3.

[64]      Submission 1, p. 3.

[65]      Committee Hansard, Canberra, 30 March 2010, p. 16.

[66]      Submission 1, p. 3.

[67]      The Prime Minister the Hon. Kevin Rudd MP, House Hansard, 13 February 2008, p. 171.

[68]      The Leader of the Opposition the Hon. Tony Abbott MP, House Hansard, 8 February 2010, p. 715.

[69]      Senator the Hon. Nigel Scullion, Senate Hansard, 23 February 2010, p. 883.

ADDITIONAL COMMENTS BY THE AUSTRALIAN GREENS

[1]        Committee Hansard, 30 March 2010, p. 16.

[2]        Submission 14, p. 4.

[3]        Submission 31, p. 2.

[4]        Submission 14, p. 4.