CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1
On 11 March 2010, the Senate referred the provisions of the Anti-People
Smuggling and Other Measures Bill 2010 (the Bill) to the Legal and
Constitutional Affairs Legislation Committee (the committee) for inquiry and
report by 11 May 2010.
Purpose of the Bill
1.2
The Bill was introduced in the House of Representatives on 24 February
2010 by the Attorney-General, the
Hon. Robert McClelland MP. The
aim of the Bill is to strengthen the Commonwealth’s anti-people smuggling legislative framework.[1]
In particular, the Bill contains provisions:
- to amend the Migration Act 1958 (Migration Act) and the Criminal
Code Act 1995 (the Criminal Code) to create new people smuggling offences
and harmonise existing offences;
- to broaden the role of the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation
(ASIO) to include gathering intelligence on people smuggling and other serious
threats to border integrity;
- to increase the powers of law enforcement agencies to utilise
surveillance devices and telecommunications interception to investigate people
smuggling offences; and
- to expand ASIO’s powers to utilise telecommunications interception to
collect foreign intelligence.
Background
International agreements and
initiatives
1.3
Australia has ratified the United Nations Convention against
Transnational Organised Crime (UNTOC) and its supplementary Protocol against
the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air (the People Smuggling Protocol).
Article 6 of the People Smuggling Protocol requires state parties to
criminalise people smuggling when it is committed intentionally and in order to
obtain a financial or material benefit. Article 19 of the People Smuggling
Protocol clarifies that the protocol is not intended to affect the responsibilities
of states under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its
1967 Protocol (the Refugee Convention).[2]
1.4
There are several other international initiatives directed at combating
people smuggling. Most significantly, the Bali Ministerial Regional Conference
on People Smuggling, Trafficking in Persons and Related Transnational Crime
(the Bali Process) was established in 2002 and aims to bring participants
together to work on practical measures to help combat people smuggling in the
Asia-Pacific region and beyond.[3]
The Bali Process is co-chaired by Australia and Indonesia and over 50 other
countries participate as well as organisations such as the United Nations High
Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the International Organization for
Migration (IOM).[4]
The Indonesian and Malaysian Governments have indicated that they intend to
criminalise people smuggling.[5]
Extent of people smuggling
1.5
Based on figures collated from media releases and reports, to 3 May
2010, there had been 92 unauthorised boat arrivals carrying approximately 4,300
people (including crew) during 2009-10.[6]
In 2008-09, there were 23 vessels carrying 1033 people, while in 2007-08 there
were three vessels carrying 25 asylum seekers.[7]
The last peak in unauthorised boat arrivals occurred between 1999-2000 and
2001-02. During this period, there were approximately 3,000 to 4,000
unauthorised boat arrivals per financial year.[8]
1.6
People smuggling also occurs by air but is more difficult to quantify.
Many people who are refused immigration clearance or who claim protection on,
or shortly after, arrival in Australia have used the services of people
smugglers.[9]
In 2008-09, 1,500 people were refused immigration clearance on arrival in
Australia and 5,300 people applied for a protection visa onshore.[10]
1.7
UNHCR figures show that there were 377,100 asylum applications in 44
industrialised countries in 2009 of which 6,200 claims were made in Australia.
This compared with total figures of 377,200 in 2008 with 4,800 claims made in
Australia.[11]
This means that there was nearly a 30% increase on claims made in Australia
between 2008 and 2009.[12]
During the previous peak in asylum applications, UNHCR reported 13,100 claims
made in Australia in 2000 and 12,400 claims made in 2001.[13]
Government response to people
smuggling
1.8
The 2009-10 Federal Budget included a commitment of $654 million over
six years to implement a comprehensive strategy to combat people smuggling and
help address the problem of unauthorised boat arrivals.[14]
This included additional funding for:
- the Australian Customs and Border Protection Service (Customs) to
increase maritime and aerial surveillance;
- the Australian Federal Police (AFP), the Attorney-General’s Department
and the Commonwealth Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP) to support the
investigation and prosecution of people smuggling offences; and
- the AFP and Customs to improve international engagement aimed at
combating people smuggling particularly with transit countries such as Malaysia
and Indonesia.[15]
1.9
Between September 2008 and March 2010, the AFP made 117 arrests in
relation to people smuggling offences which resulted in 28 convictions with 89
people still before the courts.[16]
Conduct of the inquiry
1.10
The committee advertised the inquiry in The Australian newspaper on
24 March and 7 April 2010, and invited submissions by 16 April 2010.
Details of the inquiry, the Bill, and associated documents were placed on the
committee's website. The committee also wrote to over 30 organisations and
individuals inviting submissions.
1.11
The committee received 29 submissions which are listed at Appendix 1.
Submissions were placed on the committee's website for ease of access by the
public.
1.12
The committee held a public hearing in Sydney on 16 April 2010. A list
of witnesses who appeared at the hearing is at Appendix 2 and copies of the
Hansard transcript are available through the Internet at
https://www.aph.gov.au/hansard.
Acknowledgement
1.13
The committee thanks the organisations and individuals who made submissions
and gave evidence at the public hearing.
Scope of the report
1.14
Chapter 2 provides an outline of the Bill and its key provisions.
Chapter 3 discusses the issues raised in submissions and evidence.
Note on references
1.15
References in this report are to individual submissions as received by
the committee, not to a bound volume. References to the committee Hansard are
to the proof Hansard: page numbers may vary between the proof and the official
Hansard transcript.
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