Footnotes

[1] p. 2.

[2] EM, p. 5.

[3] EM, p. 5.

[4] EM, p. 5.

[5] The provisions of the Migration Legislation Amendment (Further Border Protection Measures) Bill 2002 were the subject of a Senate Legal and Constitutional References Committee inquiry which tabled its report in October 2002.

[6] A comprehensive background to, and discussion of, the Bill is provided in S Harris Rimmer, 'Migration Amendment (Designated Unauthorised Arrivals) Bill 2006', Parliamentary Library Bills Digest No. 138, 22 May 2006 (Bills Digest).

[7] See further Bills Digest, p. 3.

[8] The following section is taken directly from the Bills Digest.

[9] p. 9.

[10] p. 11.

[11] p. 13.

[12] p. 15.

[13] pp 13-14.

[14] pp 15-16.

[15] p. 23.

[16] For example, see Refugee Council of Australia, Submission 9, p. 11, Australian Catholic Migrant & Refugee Office, Submission 18, p. 2. See further Mick Palmer AO APM, Inquiry into the Circumstances of the Immigration Detention of Cornelia Rau, July 2005; Neil Comrie AO APM, Inquiry into the Circumstances of the Vivian Alvarez Matter, September 2005; Commonwealth Ombudsman, Administration of s 501 of the Migration Act 1958 as it applies to long-term residents, February 2006.

[17] See Law Institute of Victoria, Submission 90, p. 4.

[18] Submission 90, p. 5.

[19] Submission 9, p. 6.

[20] Submission 9, p. 6.

[21] Committee Hansard, 6 June 2006, p. 14.

[22] Submission 81, p. 8.

[23] Submission 89, p. 5.

[24] Submission 89, p. 5.

[25] For example, see Human Rights Law Resource Centre, Submission 73, pp 9-10; Edmund Rice Centre for Justice and Community Education, Submission 83, pp 3-4; Federation of Community Legal Centres (Vic), Submission 85, p. 2; Law Society of NSW, Submission 133.

[26] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 16.

[27] The Hon Andrew Robb AO MP, Second Reading Speech, House of Representatives Hansard, 11 May 2006, p. 8.

[28] Submission 112, p. 4.

[29] Submission 112, pp 4-5.

[30] Submission 112, p. 5.

[31] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 12.

[32] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, pp 12-13.

[33] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 14.

[34] Submission 81, p. 12.

[35] Submission 112, p. 11.

[36] Submission 112, p. 11.

[37] Submission 112, p. 11.

[38] Submission 78, pp 19-20.

[39] Submission 117, p. 2.

[40] Submission 78, p. 23.

[41] For example, see Australian Lawyers for Human Rights, Submission 78, p. 21; Mr Brian Walters SC, Liberty Victoria, Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 17.

[42] Committee Hansard, 6 June 2006, p. 8.

[43] Committee Hansard, 6 June 2006, p. 12.

[44] Committee Hansard, 6 June 2006, p. 18.

[45] Committee Hansard, 6 June 2006, p. 26.

[46] Committee Hansard, 6 June 2006, p. 28.

[47] Committee Hansard, 6 June 2006, pp. 24-25.

[48] Submission 103A, p. 1.

[49] Committee Hansard, 6 June 2006, p. 32.

[50] Committee Hansard, 6 June 2006, p. 31.

[51] For example, see ALHR, Submission 78, p. 3; Law Society of NSW, Submission 133; Refugee Council of Australia, Submission 9, p. 11.

[52] RCA, Submission 9, p. 5; Ms Liz Hughes, Submission 23, p. 1; Associate Professor Mary Crock, Submission 66, p. 1; Mr Neill Wright, UNHCR, Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 2.

[53] Submission 78, p. 30.

[54] Submission 78, p. 10.

[55] Submission 78, p. 8.

[56] Committee Hansard, 6 June 2006, p. 7.

[57] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, pp 26-27.

[58] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 32.

[59] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 51.

[60] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 51.

[61] For example, ALHR, Submission 78, p. 3; ChilOut, Submission 111; Victorian Foundation for the Survivors of Torture, Submission 117, pp 4 & 5; Anglicare, Submission 92, p. 2; Ms Clover Moore MP, Submission 125, p. 1; Immigration Advice and Rights Centre, Submission 101; pp 4-6.

[62] See, for example, Ms Kate Gauthier, A Just Australia, Committee Hansard, 6 June 2006, p. 14.

[63] Submission 31, pp 2-3.

[64] Submission 111.

[65] Submission 101, p. 4.

[66] Submission 117, pp 4 & 5.

[67] Committee Hansard, 6 June 2006, p. 20.

[68] Submission 118A, p. 29.

[69] Committee Hansard, 6 June 2006, pp. 42-43.

[70] For example, see Victorian Foundation for Survivors of Torture, Submission 117, pp 6-7; Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists, Submission 128, p. 2; Asylum Seeker Resource Centre, Submission 65, pp 11-12; Edmund Rice Centre for Justice and Community Education, Submission 83, p. 3; National Council of Churches in Australia, Submission 89, p. 4.

[71] Submission 117, pp 6-7.

[72] Submission 128, p. 2.

[73] Submission 128, p. 2.

[74] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 57.

[75] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, pp 57-58.

[76] See Mr Jonathon Hunyor, HREOC, Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 18; Ms Anna Samson, A Just Australia, Committee Hansard, 6 June 2006, p. 9; Associate Professor Mary Crock, Committee Hansard, 6 June 2006, pp 18-19; HREOC, Submission 112, p. 15; Amnesty International Australia, Submission 72, p. 7; A Just Australia, Submission 81, p. 8; LIV, Submission 90, p. 13.

[77] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 18.

[78] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 18.

[79] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 20. See also LIV, Submission 90, p. 13.

[80] Committee Hansard, 6 June 2006, pp. 30 and 36 .

[81] As inserted by the Migration Amendment (Detention Arrangements) Act 2005.

[82] Committee Hansard, 6 June 2006, p. 41.

[83] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 22.

[84] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 22.

[85] HREOC, A Last Resort? A National Inquiry into Children in Immigration Detention, tabled in Parliament 13 May 2004.

[86] Mr Graeme Innes AM, HREOC, Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 19.

[87] Submission 90, p. 13.

[88] A Just Australia, Submission 81, p. 8. See also LIV, Submission 90, p. 13; Australian Lawyers Alliance, Submission 124, p. 3.

[89] Submission 72, p. 7.

[90] Submission 72, p. 7.

[91] The Hon Senator Amanda Vanstone, Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs, 'Strengthened Border Control Measures for Unauthorised Boat Arrivals', Press Release, 13 April 2006.

[92] Section 5F, inserted by Item 8 of Schedule 1.

[93] See Amnesty International Australia, Submission 72, p. 7; ALHR, Submission 78, p. 29; ACT Refugee Action Committee, Submission 95, p. 2; HREOC, Submission 112, p. 15.

[94] Submission 95, p. 2. See also ALHR, Submission 78, p. 29.

[95] Submission 112, p. 15. See also Amnesty International Australia, Submission 72, p. 7.

[96] Submission 118A, p. 14.

[97] p. 5.

[98] See Mr Neill Wright, UNHCR, Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 6; Ms Joanna Kummrow, LIV, Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 36; Dr Penelope Mathew, Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 41; A Just Australia, Submission 81, p. 14; Marion Le, Submission 115, Attachment D, p. 1.

[99] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 36.

[100] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 6.

[101] Submission 81, p. 14.

[102] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 41.

[103] Submission 118A, p. 12.

[104] Submission 115, Attachment D, p. 1.

[105] Committee Hansard, 6 June 2006, p. 37.

[106] Submission 118D, p. 1.

[107] See, for example, RCA, Submission 9, p. 5.

[108] Submission 9, pp 5 & 6.

[109] Australia's international law obligations are discussed further below.

[110] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, pp. 1-2.

[111] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 6.

[112] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 40.

[113] Submission 118, p. 7. However, Dr Mathew pointed out that, pursuant to the Pacific solution, when Australia did take asylum seekers back from Nauru and PNG, it was on categories of visa that offered less protection than was available to asylum seekers already lawfully within Australia: Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 41.

[114] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 66.

[115] Submission 118, p. 7.

[116] Submission 118A, p. 36.

[117] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 40.

[118] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 8.

[119] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 6.

[120] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 62.

[121] The Hon. Senator Amanda Vanstone, Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs, 'Strengthened Border Control Measures for Unauthorised Boat Arrivals', Press Release, 11 May 2006.

[122] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 9.

[123] Submission 9, p. 8; see also Refugee and Immigration Legal Service, Submission 94, p. 3; Victorian Foundation for Survivors of Torture Inc., Submission 117, p. 3.

[124] Submission 112, p. 12. HREOC also asserted that if persons are subject to excessively long detention as a result of the particular features of offshore processing arrangements this may constitute a breach of Article 31(1) of the Refugee Convention: Submission 112, p. 12.

[125] Committee Hansard, 6 June 2006, p. 14.

[126] Committee Hansard, 6 June 2006, p. 33.

[127] See, for example, Dr Jane McAdam, Submission 64; Associate Professor Mary Crock, Submission 66, pp 2-3; ALHR, Submission 78, pp 12-18 & pp 24-29.

[128] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 15. See also Mr David Manne, RILC, Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 26; Ms Joanna Kummrow, LIV, Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 36; Mr Ron Merkel QC, Victorian Bar and PILCH (Vic), Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 48.

[129] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 26.

[130] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 26.

[131] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 63.

[132] For example, see Human Rights Law Centre, Submission 73; Castan Centre for Human Rights Law, Submission 80; Federation of Community Legal Centres (Vic), Submission 85; Victorian Bar and PILCH (Vic), Submission 109; HREOC, Submission 112.

[133] Submission 118, p. 1.

[134] See, for example, ALHR, Submission 78, pp 15-17; Dr Jane McAdam, Submission 64, pp 7-9.

[135] See, for example, Mr Angus Francis, Submission 60, p. 3.

[136] The Hon Andrew Robb AO MP, House of Representatives Hansard, 11 May 2006, p. 9.

[137] See Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, pp 55 & 56.

[138] House of Representatives Hansard, 11 May 2006, pp 8-9.

[139] Submission 78, p. 16.

[140] Submission 112, p. 10; Submission 64, p. 7; see also Castan Centre for Human Rights Law, Submission 80, p 18; ALHR, Submission 78, p. 17.

[141] Submission 64, pp 7-8. Footnotes omitted.

[142] Submission 118B, p. 16.

[143] The Minister's declaration for Papua New Guinea was made on 12 October 2001, and the Minister's declaration for the Republic of Nauru was made on 2 October 2001 and renewed on 25 November 2002.

[144] Mr Neill Wright, UNHCR, Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 7.

[145] For example, see Mr Angus Francis, Submission 60, p. 16; Dr Jane McAdam, Submission 64, pp 8-9; Asylum Seeker Resource Centre, Submission 65, p. 4; Castan Centre for Human Rights Law, Submission 80, pp 13-14; Dr Penelope Mathew, Submission 96, p. 7; HREOC, Submission 112, p. 14; Mr Neill Wright, UNHCR, Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 2; Mr Kerry Murphy, ALHR, Committee Hansard, 6 June 2006, p. 11.

[146] See EM, p. 5.

[147] For example, see Mr David Manne, RILC, Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, pp 30-31; Dr Penelope Mathew, Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 40.

[148] Submissions 30 and 30A.

[149] Submission 60, p. 3.

[150] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, pp 30-31.

[151] Submission 91, p. 2.

[152] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 40.

[153] For example, see Centre for Multicultural Pastoral Care, Submission 99, p. 4; Asylum Seeker Centre (Inc), Submission 100, p. 2; Mr David Manne, RILC, Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 31; Mr Simeon Beckett, ALHR, Committee Hansard, 6 June 2006, p. 10.

[154] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 2.

[155] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 31.

[156] Submission 109, p. 1.

[157] For example, see Amnesty International Australia, Submission 72, p. 7; ALHR, Submission 78, p. 18; Victorian Bar and PILCH (Vic), Submission 109, p. 9; Mr Neill Wright, Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 1; Mr Brian Walters SC, Liberty Victory, Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 12.

[158] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 56.

[159] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 6.

[160] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 8.

[161] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 28.

[162] Committee Hansard, 6 June 2006, pp 3-4.

[163] Committee Hansard, 6 June 2006, p. 10.

[164] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 65.

[165] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 28.

[166] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 21.

[167] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 56.

[168] Committee Hansard, 6 June 2006, p. 11.

[169] Committee Hansard, 6 June 2006, p. 32.

[170] Committee Hansard, 6 June 2006, p. 33.

[171] Committee Hansard, 6 June 2006, p. 11.

[172] Committee Hansard, 6 June 2006, pp 11-12.

[173] Submission 118A, p. 20.

[174] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 22.

[175] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 22.

[176] See UNHCR, Submission 75A, p. 1.

[177] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 4.

[178] Submission 118A, p. 22.

[179] For example, see Mr David Manne, RILC, Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 33; Mr John Gibson, RCA, Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 53; RCA, Submission 9, pp 2-3; Amnesty International Australia, Submission 72, p. 5; Castan Centre for Human Rights Law, Submission 80, p. 15; A Just Australia, Submission 81, p. 10; Dr Penelope Mathew, Submission 96, p. 2.

[180] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 53.

[181] RCA, Submission 9, pp 2-3.

[182] See, for example, Dr Penelope Mathew, Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 45; RCA, Submission 9, pp 2-3.

[183] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 33.

[184] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 53.

[185] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, pp 60-61.

[186] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 61.

[187] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 61.

[188] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 61.

[189] For example, see Dr Jane McAdam, Submission 64, pp 10-11; Asylum Seeker Resource Centre, Submission 65, p. 6; LIV, Submission 90, p. 8; Mr Neill Wright, UNHCR, Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 2; Mr Jonathon Hunyor, HREOC, Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 24; The Hon Ron Merkel QC, Victorian Bar and PILCH (Vic), Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 48.

[190] Submission 64, p. 10.

[191] Submission 64, pp 10-11. Footnotes omitted.

[192] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 55.

[193] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 24. See also Dr Jane McAdam, Submission 64, p. 11.

[194] Submission 112, p. 13.

[195] Submission 64, p. 11. Footnotes omitted.

[196] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 48.

[197] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 2. See EM, p. 5.

[198] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 10.

[199] Submission 96, pp 7-8.

[200] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 55.

[201] Submission 112, p. 7.

[202] Submission 112, p. 7.

[203] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 57.

[204] Committee Hansard, 6 June 2006, p. 33.

[205] Committee Hansard, 6 June 2006, p. 34.

[206] Committee Hansard, 6 June 2006, p. 34.

[207] Committee Hansard, 6 June 2006, p. 34.

[208] Committee Hansard, 6 June 2006, p. 34.

[209] Committee Hansard, 6 June 2006, p. 34.

[210] Committee Hansard, 6 June 2006, p. 34.

[211] For example, see Mr Graeme Innes AM, HREOC, Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, pp 24-25; Ms Tania Penovic, Castan Centre for Human Rights Law, Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 34; Ms Kate Gauthier, A Just Australia, Committee Hansard, 6 June 2006, p. 14; Ms Angela Chan, MIA, Committee Hansard, 6 June 2006, p. 27; A Just Australia, Submission 81, p. 15.

[212] Submission 81, p. 15.

[213] Committee Hansard, 6 June 2006, p. 14.

[214] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 34. See also Associate Professor Mary Crock, Committee Hansard, 6 June 2006, p. 20.

[215] Committee Hansard, 6 June 2006, p. 27.

[216] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 44.

[217] Submission 112, pp 7-8; Submission 81, p. 19.

[218] Committee Hansard, 6 June 2006, p. 24.

[219] Asylum Seeker Resource Centre, Submission 65, p. 8; Associate Professor Mary Crock, Submission 66, pp 2-3; Dr Richard Chauvel, Submission 69, Attachment A; A Just Australia, Submission 81, p. 6; Victorian Bar and PILCH (Vic), Submission 109, p. 3.

[220] For example, see RCA, Submission 9, p. 10.

[221] For example, see Liberty Victoria, Submission 31, p. 3.

[222] Submission 78, p. 7.

[223] ALHR, Submission 78, p. 4.

[224] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 14.

[225] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, pp 14-15.

[226] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 32.

[227] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 27.

[228] Submission 121, p. 4.

[229] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 37.

[230] However, in this context the committee notes, and fully endorses, the Federal Government's commitment to the principle enshrined in the Migration Act, by virtue of the Migration Amendment (Detention Arrangements) Act 2005, that children should only be detained as a measure of last resort.

[231] As inserted by the Migration Amendment (Detention Arrangements) Act 2005.

[232] Brief reports on these visits can be found at: http://www.andrewbartlett.com/issuesrefugeesnaurujuly03.htm, http://www.andrewbartlett.com/issuesrefugeesnaurujan04.htm and http://www.andrewbartlett.com/issuesrefugeesnaurumay05.htm.

[233] Submissions 115 and 115A.

[234] Submission 66 and Committee Hansard, 6 June 2006, pp. 16-21.

[235] Submission 115A, p. 3. Footnotes omitted.

[236] Committee Hansard, 6 June 2006, p. 17.

[237] Submission 118, p. 6.

[238] Submission 53, p. 6.

[239] Submission 53, p. 5.

[240] This figure does include the two male refugees who are still on Nauru.

[241] See list of examples of 'identifiable flawed processing', Submission 115, Attachment A.

[242] Committee Hansard, 26 May 2006, p. 19.