Footnotes

Chapter 1 - Introduction

[1]        The Hon. Philip Ruddock MP, Attorney-General, Second Reading Speech, House of Representatives Hansard, 19 October 2006, p. 1.

[2]        The Hon. Philip Ruddock MP, Attorney-General, Second Reading Speech, House of Representatives Hansard, 19 October 2006, p. 1.

[3]        The Hon. Philip Ruddock MP, Attorney-General, Second Reading Speech, House of Representatives Hansard, 19 October 2006, p. 2.

Chapter 2 - Overview of the Bill

[1]        Most of the text in this chapter is taken directly from the EM to the Bill, and the Second Reading Speech. However, due to the length of the EM, this chapter will contain only a general overview. Further detailed explanations of each of the Bill's provisions are provided in the EM.

[2]        EM, pp 1-2.

[3]        Senator the Hon. Santo Santoro, Minister for Ageing, Senate Hansard, 6 November 2006, p. 89.

[4]        EM, p. 3.

[5]        The Bill brings together four different categories of exceptions and treats them in the same way. The new extended fair dealing exceptions will not apply to uses where an existing exception or statutory licence already operates; it only covers new uses which must comply with the standards of Australia's international treaty obligations under the Berne Convention, the TRIPS Agreement (Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights), the WIPO Copyright Treaty, the WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty, and the AUSFTA.

[6]        A 'reasonable portion' is taken to be one article from a periodical publication; more than one article from the same periodical publication only when those articles are required for the same piece of research or the same course of study; or 10 per cent of the number of pages in a work that consists of more than 10 pages, or one single chapter of the work; or, for a published literary or dramatic work in electronic form (other than a computer program), 10 per cent of the number of words in a work, or the whole or part of a single chapter of the work.

[7]        EM, pp 5-13.

[8]        EM, pp 5-6.

[9]        The following background to the provisions related to TPMs is taken directly from Parliamentary Library, In progress Bills Digest no. 51, 2006-07, Copyright Amendment Bill 2006 at http://libiis1/library_services/pubs/bd051-2006-07.pdf (accessed 3 November 2006).

[10]      House of Representatives Standing Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs, Review of technological protection measures exceptions, February 2006.

[11]      The Hon. Philip Ruddock MP, Attorney-General, Second Reading Speech, House of Representatives Hansard, 19 October 2006, p. 1.

[12]      The Hon. Philip Ruddock MP, Attorney-General, Second Reading Speech, House of Representatives Hansard, 19 October 2006, p. 2. See House of Representatives Standing Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs, Review of technological protection measures exceptions, February 2006.

[13]      Government Response to the House of Representatives Standing Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs Report "Review of Technological Protection Measures Exceptions", p. 1.

[14]      The Hon. Philip Ruddock MP, Attorney-General, Second Reading Speech, House of Representatives Hansard, 19 October 2006, p. 1.

Chapter 3 - Key issues

[1]        For example, see Copyright Agency Limited, Submission 29; Australian Recording Industry Association, Submission 38; Australian Publishers Association, Submission 43; Australian Federation Against Copyright Theft, Submission 57.

[2]        For example, see Electronic Frontiers Australia, Submission 44; Australian Digital Alliance, Submission 50; Ms Kimberlee Weatherall, Submission 54; Internet Industry Association, Submission 66.

[3]        The Hon. Philip Ruddock MP, Attorney-General, Second Reading Speech in reply, House of Representatives Hansard, 1 November 2006, p. 31.

[4]        The Hon. Philip Ruddock MP, Attorney-General, Second Reading Speech in reply, House of Representatives Hansard, 1 November 2006, p. 31.

[5]        See Ms Kimberlee Weatherall, Committee Hansard, 7 November 2006, pp 29 & 33.

[6]        See Miss Sarah Waladan, Australian Digital Alliance, Committee Hansard, 7 November 2006, p. 10; Mr John Mullarvey, Australian Vice-Chancellors' Committee, Committee Hansard, 7 November 2006, p. 16.

[7]        See Ms Delia Browne, Copyright Advisory Group to the Schools Resourcing Taskforce of the Ministerial Council on Education, Employment, Training and Youth Affairs (CAG), Committee Hansard, 7 November 2006, p. 16.

[8]        Mr John Mullarvey, Australian Vice-Chancellors' Committee, Committee Hansard, 7 November 2006, p. 16.

[9]        Electronic Frontiers Australia, Submission 44, p. 4; Professor Brian Fitzgerald, Committee Hansard, 7 November 2006, p. 21.

[10]      Committee Hansard, 7 November 2006, p. 10.

[11]      Submission 42, p. 14.

[12]      Submission 54, pp 1-2.

[13]      Committee Hansard, 7 November 2006, p. 44.

[14]      Committee Hansard, 7 November 2006, p. 48.

[15]      Submission 69A, p. 10.

[16]      Submission 54, pp 11 & 15.

[17]      Submission 54, p. 11.

[18]      Submission 54, pp 14-15.

[19]      See Committee Hansard, 7 November 2006, pp 30-31; Submission 54; Submission 54A.

[20]      Submission 54A, p. 2.

[21]      Australian Digital Alliance, Submission 50, p. 15.

[22]      For example, see Electronic Frontiers Australia, Submission 44, p. 7.

[23]      Open Source Industry Australia Limited, Submission 21, p. 6; Mr Dale Clapperton and Professor Stephen Corones, Submission 42, p. 11.

[24]      Submission 58, pp 5-6; see also Ms Delia Browne, CAG, Committee Hansard, 7 November 2006, p. 19.

[25]      Submission 19, p. 2.

[26]      Submission 38, p. 3.

[27]      Submission 57, p. 3.

[28]      Committee Hansard, 7 November 2006, p. 32.

[29]      Committee Hansard, 7 November 2006, p. 32.

[30]      Submission 53, p. 7.

[31]      Committee Hansard, 7 November 2006, p. 29.

[32]      Committee Hansard, 7 November 2006, p. 34.

[33]      For example, see Ms Adrianne Pecotic, AFACT, Committee Hansard, 7 November 2006, p. 32; ARIA, Submission 38, p. 3.

[34]      Ms Kimberlee Weatherall, Submission 54A, pp. 4-5.

[35]      Submission 74, p. 1.

[36]      Submission 74, p. 1.

[37]      Submission 69A, pp 10-11.

[38]      Submission 69A, p. 11.

[39]      Submission 69A, p. 11.

[40]      Submission 69A, p. 11.

[41]      See, for example, Apple Computers, Submission 63.

[42]      Submission 28, pp 2 & 3.

[43]      Submission 33, p. 3.

[44]      Submission 50, p. 5.

[45]      Submission 19, pp 1-2.

[46]      Submission 38, pp 2 & 9.

[47]      Committee Hansard, 7 November 2006, p. 2.

[48]      Committee Hansard, 7 November 2006, p. 2.

[49]      Committee Hansard, 7 November 2006, p. 3. However, the committee notes the strong divergence of views in relation to interpretation and implementation of the three-step test, including arguments that the three-step test allows for adequate exceptions to be introduced in order to enable effective operation of the digital environment and the Internet: see, for example, Miss Sarah Waladan, ADA, Committee Hansard, 7 November 2006, p. 8. The committee also notes evidence pointing out that the compensation or levy systems in other countries relate to a different kind of private copying to the exceptions proposed in the Bill, that is, a broader general right to copy. Conversely, the exceptions proposed in the Bill are very narrow and specific: see, for example, Ms Kimberlee Weatherall, Committee Hansard, 7 November 2006, p. 7; Miss Sarah Waladan, ADA, Committee Hansard, 7 November 2006, p. 8. The committee considers the three-test step in further detail below.

[50]      Committee Hansard, 7 November 2006, p. 4.

[51]      Committee Hansard, 7 November 2006, pp 4-5.

[52]      Committee Hansard, 7 November 2006, p. 40.

[53]      Submission 60, p. 1.

[54]      Submission 4, p. 2.

[55]      Submission 19, p. 2.

[56]      Submission 39, p. 2.

[57]      Submission 66, p. 3.

[58]      For example, see Ms Kimberlee Weatherall, Submission 54, p. 3.

[59]      Submission 69A, p. 3.

[60]      Submission 69A, p. 3.

[61]      Submission 69A, p. 4.

[62]      See Article 9(2) of the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works.

[63]      Submission 43, p. 5.

[64]      Submissions 50A and 51A.

[65]      Submission 55, p. 3.

[66]      Submission 29, p. 8.

[67]      Committee Hansard, 7 November 2006, p. 42.

[68]      Submission 69A, p. 2.

[69]      Submission 69A, p. 2.

[70]      Submission 69A, p. 2.

[71]      Submission 28, p. 3.

[72]      Submission 29, p. 9.

[73]      Submission 33, p. 6.

[74]      Submission 33, p. 5.

[75]      Submission 69A, p. 5.

[76]      Submission 35, p. 5.

[77]      Submission 52, p. 1.

[78]      Submission 54, p. 10.

[79]      Submission 1, p. 2.

[80]      Submissions 50A and 51A.

[81]      Submission 69A, p. 5.

[82]      Submission 69A, pp 7-8.

[83]      Submission 68, p. 2.

[84]      Submission 26, p. 1.

[85]      Submissions 50A and 51A.

[86]      Submission 50, p. 7; Submission 51, p. 6.

[87]      ABC, Submission 32, pp 9-10; SBS, Submission 33, pp 3-4.

[88]      Submission 13, p. 7.

[89]      Submission 69A, p. 4.

[90]      For example, Screenrights, Submissions 8 and 15; Australasian Performing Right Association Limited (APRA)/Australasian Mechanical Copyright Owners' Society Limited (AMCOS), Submission 45, p. 6.

[91]      Submission 25, p. 3.

[92]      For example, Screenrights, Submissions 8 and 15; Screen Producers Association of Australia, Submission 19, p. 6; Australian Publishers Association, Submission 43, p. 20.

[93]      Submission 43, p. 20.

[94]      Submission 41, p. 2.

[95]      Submission 7, p. 10.

[96]      For example, Australian Digital Alliance, Submission 50, p. 14; Australian Vice-Chancellors' Committee, Submission 58, p. 3.

[97]      However, note that there is a common view that passive caching does fall within the temporary copying exceptions contained in sections 43A and 43B of the Copyright Act: see further Australian Digital Alliance, Submission 50, p. 14.

[98]      Submission 58, p. 4.

[99]      Submission 58, p. 4.

[100]    Committee Hansard, 7 November 2006, p. 14.

[101]    See further, Submissions 8, 15 and 25.

[102]    Committee Hansard, 7 November 2006, p. 17.

[103]    See Submission 15, p. 2 and Attachment B, p. 1.

[104]    Submission 69A, p. 4.

[105]    Submission 69A, p. 4.

[106]    Submission 69A, p. 4.

[107]    For example, see Screen Producers Association of Australia, Submission 19, p. 1; Australian Federation Against Copyright Theft, Submission 57, p. 4.

[108]    For example, see Open Source Industry Australian, Submission 21.

[109]    For example, see Graham Greenleaf et al, Submission 37, p, 3; Apple Computers, Submission 63, p. 2.

[110]    Submission 41, p. 2.

[111]    Submission 42, p. 7.

[112]    Submission 44, p. 4.

[113]    Committee Hansard, 7 November 2006, p. 21; Submission 42A, p. 5.

[114]    See Committee Hansard, 7 November 2006; Submission 42A (supplementary), p. 2.

[115]    [2005] HCA 58.

[116]    For example, see Professor Brian Fitzgerald, Committee Hansard, 7 November 2006, p. 21.

[117]    Committee Hansard, 7 November 2006, p. 28.

[118]    Committee Hansard, 7 November 2006, p. 23.

[119]    Committee Hansard, 7 November 2006, p. 26.

[120]    See, for example, Mr Graham Greenleaf et al, Submission 37; Open Source Industry of Australia, Submission 21. 

[121]    Committee Hansard, 7 November 2006, p. 27.

[122]    Submission 21A, pp. 1 & 2.

[123]    Committee Hansard, 7 November 2006, p. 18.

[124]    Committee Hansard, 7 November 2006, p. 46.

[125]    Committee Hansard, 7 November 2006, p. 46.

[126]    Committee Hansard, 7 November 2006, pp 46-47.

[127]    Committee Hansard, 7 November 2006, p. 47.

[128]    Submission 69A, p. 9.

[129]    See further Australian Federation Against Copyright Theft, Submission 57B.

[130]    Government Response to the House of Representatives Standing Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs Report "Review of Technological Protection Measures Exceptions", p. 10.

[131]    See, for example, Mr Dale Clapperton, Committee Hansard, 7 November 2006, p. 25.

[132]    Government Response to the House of Representatives Standing Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs Report "Review of Technological Protection Measures Exceptions", p. 17.

Dissenting comments by the Australian Democrats

[1] Committee Hansard, 7 November 2006, p 44

[2] “Major Copyright reforms strike balance”, Media Release 088/2006, issued by the Attorney-General, 14th May 2006 (see http://www.ag.gov.au/agd/WWW/MinisterRuddockHome.nsf/Page/Media_Releases_2006_Second_Quarter_14_May_2006_-_Major_Copyright_Reforms_Strike_Balace_-_0882006)

[3] Committee Hansard, 7 November 2006, page 10.

Appendix 3

[1] See AGD e-news on Copyright, Issue 41 available online at http://www.ag.gov.au/agd/WWW/enewscopyrighthome.nsf/Page/eNews_Issue_41_-_September_2006

[2] See AGD e-news on Copyright, Issue 41 available online at http://www.ag.gov.au/agd/WWW/enewscopyrighthome.nsf/Page/eNews_Issue_41_-_September_2006

[3] Universal Music Australia Pty Ltdv Cooper [2004] FCA 78 (13 February 2004); Universal Music Australia Pty Ltd v Cooper [2005] FCA 1878 (22 December 2005); Universal Music Australia Pty Ltd v Cooper [2005] FCA 972 (14 July 2005) ;Universal Music Australia Pty Ltd v Sharman Networks Ltd [2006] FCAFC 41 (23 March 2006).

[4] See AGD e-news on Copyright, Issue 41, referred to in footnote 1 above.

[5] See AGD e-news on Copyright, Issue 41, referred to in footnote 1 above.

[6] http://www.ag.gov.au/agd/WWW/agdhome.nsf/AllDocs/E63BC2D5203F2D29CA256FF8001584D7?OpenDocument

[7] http://www.ag.gov.au/agd/www/MinisterRuddockhome.nsf/Page/Speeches_2005_Speeches_17_November_2005_-_Speech_-_Opening_address_Copyright_Law_and_Practice_Symposium

[8]http://www.ag.gov.au/agd/WWW/MinisterRuddockHome.nsf/Page/Media_Releases_2006_Second_Quarter_14_May_2006_-_Major_Copyright_Reforms_Strike_Balace_-_0882006

[9] See AGD e-news on Copyright, Issue 41, referred to in footnote 1 above.

[10] See AGD e-news on Copyright, Issue 41, referred to in footnote 1 above.

[11] The Government’s response to the Report of the Digital Agenda review is available online at http://www.ag.gov.au/agd/WWW/agdHome.nsf/Page/RWP216DCFAA58A8C720CA25705F0081E54D

[12] http://www.ag.gov.au/agd/WWW/agdHome.nsf/Page/RWP46815AB514858C33CA2570600083AA29

[13]http://www.ag.gov.au/agd/WWW/MinisterRuddockHome.nsf/Page/Media_Releases_2005_Second_Quarter_27_May_2005_-_Unauthorised_pay_TV_use_under_review_-_1012005

[14] See AGD e-news on Copyright, Issue 41, referred to in footnote 1 above.

[15]http://www.clrc.gov.au/agd/WWW/clrHome.nsf/Page/Overview_Reports_Jurisdiction_and_Procedures_of_the_Copyright_Tribunal

[16] http://www.ag.gov.au/agd/WWW/agdHome.nsf/Page/RWP216DCFAA58A8C720CA25705F0081E54D

[17] http://www.ag.gov.au/agd/WWW/enewsCopyrightHome.nsf/Page/eNews_Issue_42_-_October_2006

[18] See Issue 40 at http://www.ag.gov.au/agd/WWW/enewscopyrighthome.nsf/Page/eNews_Issue_40-September_2006

[19] See Issue 40 at http://www.ag.gov.au/agd/WWW/enewscopyrighthome.nsf/Page/eNews_Issue_40-September_2006