Footnotes

Chapter 1 - Inquiry into a national mining tax

[1]        Journals of the Senate, 2010, pp. 119-120.

[2]        https://www.aph.gov.au/Senate/committee/scrutinynewtaxes_ctte/index.htm

Chapter 2 - An overview of the development of recent Resource Rent Tax proposals

[1]        The Hon Wayne Swan MP, Treasurer of the Commonwealth of Australia, Budget Speech, 13 May 2008.

[2]        Australia's Future Tax System Review, Report to the Treasurer, December 2009, p.iii.

[3]        The 9 broad areas of reform were identified as being: (i) concentrating revenue raising on four efficient tax bases; (ii) configuring taxes and transfers to support productivity, participation and growth; (iii) an equitable, transparent and simplified personal income tax; (iv) a fair, adequate and work supportive transfer system; (v) integrating consumption tax compliance with business systems; (vi) efficient land and resource taxation; (vii) completing retirement income reform and securing aged care; (viii) toward more affordable housing; and (ix) a more open, understandable and responsive tax system. Source: Australia's Future Tax System Review, Report to the Treasurer, December 2009, pp xvii-xxiv.

[4]        Australia's Future Tax System Review, Report to the Treasurer, December 2009, p. xvii.

[5]        Australia's Future Tax System Review, Report to the Treasurer, December 2009, pp 232–246.

[6]        Australia's Future Tax System Review, Report to the Treasurer, December 2009, Recommendations 45 – 50, pp. 89–90.

[7]        The Hon Kevin Rudd MP, Prime Minister and the Hon Wayne Swan MP, Treasurer, Stronger, Fairer, Simpler: a tax plan for our future, Media Release No. 28, 2 May 2010.

[8]        Department of the Treasury, Documents released under Freedom of Information relating to revenue estimates for the RSPT and the revised MRRT, released on 14 February 2011. http://www.treasury.gov.au/documents/1962/PDF/MRRT_Model.pdf (accessed on 20 June 2011)

[9]        The Hon Kevin Rudd MP, Prime Minister and the Hon Wayne Swan MP, Treasurer, Stronger, Fairer, Simpler: a tax plan for our future, Media Release No. 28, 2 May 2010.

[10]      The Hon Kevin Rudd MP, Prime Minister and the Hon Wayne Swan MP, Treasurer, Stronger, Fairer, Simpler: a tax plan for our future, Media Release No. 28, 2 May 2010.

[11]      Australian Government, Stronger Fairer Simpler – A tax plan for our future, Fact Sheet – Resource Super Profits Tax, 2010, p. 1.

[12]      Sources: Australia's Future Tax System, Final Report, December 2009, (Recommendations 45 – 50); KPMG, Reform in Focus: Implications of tax reforms for Australian business, 15 July 2010 (10TiF-037) Changes to resources taxation and company tax rate; Clayton Utz 2010, Minerals Resource Rent Tax replaces RSPT.

[13]      The Hon Kevin Rudd MP, Prime Minister, and the Hon Wayne Swan MP, Treasurer, Stronger, Fairer, Simpler: a tax plan for our future, Media Release No. 28, 2 May 2010.

[14]      M, Davis, 'Mining industry dug deep to shaft Rudd over tax', The Age, 2 February 2011, http://www.theage.com.au/national/mining-industry-dug-deep-to-shaft-rudd-over-tax-20110201-1acfi.html (accessed 2 February 2011).

[15]      Minerals Council of Australia, Minerals resources, tax, and the prosperity of all Australians – A policy brief from the Minerals Council of Australia, June 2010, pp. 2-3.

[16]      Letter (undated), Mr Herb Elliot AC, Chairman of Fortescue Metals Group.

[17]      G. Fane, 'Reputation of Nation on the Line', The Australian, 31 May  2010, http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/opinion/reputation-of-the-nation-on-the-line/story-e6frg6zo-1225873225249

[18]      Joint Press Conference, The Hon Julia Gillard MP, Prime Minister, and The Hon Wayne Swan MP, Deputy Prime Minister and Treasurer, Thursday 24 June 2010
http://www.pm.gov.au/press-office/joint-press-conference-deputy-prime-minister-wayne-swan

[19]      Joint Press Conference, The Hon Julia Gillard MP, Prime Minister, and The Hon Wayne Swan MP, Deputy Prime Minister and Treasurer, Thursday 24 June 2010.
http://www.pm.gov.au/press-office/joint-press-conference-deputy-prime-minister-wayne-swan

[20]      Email by Mr Chris Barrett, Chief of Staff, Office of the Treasurer, the Hon Wayne Swan MP. Email dated 1 July 2010 released under Freedom of Information: http://www.treasury.gov.au/documents/1936/PDF/103_email_agreement_with_BHP_design_MRRT.pdf, (accessed 20 June 2011)

[21]      Email by Mr Chris Barrett, Chief of Staff, Office of the Treasurer, the Hon Wayne Swan MP. Email dated 1 July 2010 released under Freedom of Information: http://www.treasury.gov.au/documents/1936/PDF/103_email_agreement_with_BHP_design_MRRT.pdf (accessed 20 June 2011)

[22]      Katherine Murphy, The Age, 'BHP drafted mining tax truce, documents suggest', 12 March 2011, http://www.theage.com.au/national/bhp-drafted-mining-tax-truce-documents-suggest-20110311-1brm0.html (accessed 20 June 2011)

 

[23]      Senator Mathias Cormann and Mr Dominic English, First Assistant Secretary, Economic Division, Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, Estimates Transcript of Evidence,
23 May 2011, p. 71.

[24]      Senator Mathias Cormann and Mr Dominic English, First Assistant Secretary, Economic Division, Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, Estimates Transcript of Evidence,
23 May 2011, p. 73.

[25]      Joint Media Release, The Hon Julia Gillard MP Prime Minister, The Hon Wayne Swan MP, Deputy Prime Minister and Treasurer and The Hon Martin Ferguson MP Minster for Resources and Energy, Breakthrough agreement with industry on improvements to resources taxation, Media Release No. 55, 2 July 2010.

[26]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes
and Mr Gerard Bond, Group Head of Human Resources, BHP Billiton, Committee Hansard,
8 December 2010, p. 10.

[27]      Joint Media Release, The Hon Julia Gillard MP Prime Minister, The Hon Wayne Swan MP, Deputy Prime Minister and Treasurer and The Hon Martin Ferguson MP Minster for Resources and Energy, Breakthrough agreement with industry on improvements to resources taxation, Media Release No. 55, 2 July 2010.

[28]      Joint Media Release, The Hon Julia Gillard MP Prime Minister, The Hon Wayne Swan MP, Deputy Prime Minister and Treasurer and The Hon Martin Ferguson MP Minster for Resources and Energy, Breakthrough agreement with industry on improvements to resources taxation, Media Release No. 55, 2 July 2010.

[29]      Australia's Future Tax System Review – Report to the Treasurer, December 2010, Recommendation 48.

[30]      Sources: Australia's Future Tax System, Final Report, December 2009, (recommendations 45 – 50); KPMG, Reform in Focus: Implications of tax reforms for Australian business, 15 July 2010 (10TiF-037) Changes to resources taxation and company tax rate; Clayton Utz 2010, Minerals Resource Rent Tax replaces RSPT.

[31]      Mineral Resource Rent Tax Heads of Agreement, p. 1.

[32]      Mr David Parker, Department of the Treasury, Committee Hansard, 22 November 2010, p. 16.

[33]      Mr David Parker, Department of the Treasury, Committee Hansard, 22 November 2010, p. 16.

[34]      Mineral Resource Rent Tax Heads of Agreement, p. 1.

[35]      Joint Media Release, The Hon Julia Gillard MP Prime Minister, The Hon Wayne Swan MP, Deputy Prime Minister and Treasurer and The Hon Martin Ferguson MP Minster for Resources and Energy, Breakthrough agreement with industry on improvements to resources taxation, Media Release No. 55, 2 July 2010.

[36]      Joint Media Release, The Hon Julia Gillard MP Prime Minister, The Hon Wayne Swan MP, Deputy Prime Minister and Treasurer and The Hon Martin Ferguson MP Minster for Resources and Energy, Breakthrough agreement with industry on improvements to resources taxation, Media Release No. 55, 2 July 2010.

[37]      Media release, BHP Billiton – Chairman Succession Date, http://www.bhpbilliton.com/bb/investorsMedia/news/2010/chairmanSuccessionDate.jsp (accessed 23 May 2011)

[38]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes and Mr John Nicolaou, Chief Officer, Membership and Advocacy, Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Western Australia, Committee Hansard, Monday 8 November 2010, p. 79.

[39]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes and Mr Simon Bennison, Chief Executive Officer, Association of Mining and Exploration Companies, Committee Hansard, Monday 8 November 2010, p. 6.

[40]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes and Mr Simon Bennison Chief Executive Officer, Association of Mining and Exploration Companies, Committee Hansard, 8 November 2010, pp. 6–7.

[41]      The Policy Transition Group's recommendations in relation to relevant rent tax arrangements are set out in Appendix 5.

[42]      The Hon Wayne Swan MP, Deputy Prime Minister and Treasurer and The Hon Martin Ferguson MP, Minister for Resources and Energy, Government accepts resource tax recommendations, Joint Media Release, No. 24, 24 March 2011.

[43]      The Hon Wayne Swan MP, Deputy Prime Minister and Treasurer and The Hon Martin Ferguson AM MP, Minister for Resources and Energy, Government accepts resource tax recommendations, Joint Media Release, No. 24, 24 March 2011.

Chapter 3 - A taxing time: the development of the Resources Super Profits Tax, the Mineral Resources Rent Tax and expanded Petroleum Resources Rent Tax

[1]        Recommendation 48 of the Henry Tax Review explicitly stated: 'The Australian and State governments should negotiate an appropriate allocation of the revenues and risks from the resource rent tax'. Source: Australia's Future Tax System – Report to the Treasurer, December 2009, Part One, Recommendation 48, p. 89.

[2]        Chamber of Commerce and Industry Western Australia, Submission to the Policy Transition Group, October 2010, p. 5.

[3]        Institute of Chartered Accountants in Australia, Submission to the Policy Transition Group, 28 October 2010, p. 4.

[4]        Senator Mathias Cormann and Mr Nigel Ray, Executive Director, Department of the Treasury, Estimates transcript of evidence, 1 June 2011, p. 9.

[5]        Senator Mathias Cormann and Mr Nigel Ray, Executive Director, Department of the Treasury, Estimates Transcript of Evidence, 1 June 2011, p. 40.

[6]        Australia's Future Tax System – Report to the Treasurer, December 2009, Part One, Recommendation 45, p. 89.

[7]        Australia's Future Tax System – Report to the Treasurer, December 2009, Part One, Recommendation 48, p. 89.

[8]        Australia's future tax system – Report to the Treasurer, December 2009, p11.

[9]        The Hon. Kevin Rudd MP, Prime Minister, the Hon. Wayne Swan MP, Treasurer, Stronger, fairer, Simpler: A tax plan for our future, Media Release, 2 May 2010.

[10]      Mineral Resource Rent Tax Heads of Agreement

[11]      Dr Ken Henry, Secretary, Department of the Treasury, Committee Hansard, 27 May 2010,
p. 16.

[12]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes,
Dr Ken Henry, Secretary, Department of the Treasury, Committee Hansard, 22 November 2010, p.9

[13]      Senator Mathias Cormann and Mr Nigel Ray, Executive Director, Department of the Treasury, Estimates transcript of evidence, 1 June 2011, p. 40.

[14]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on Fuel and Energy, and
Mr Michael Barnes, Department of Treasury and Finance, Western Australia, Fuel and Energy Committee Hansard, 13 July 2010, p.8

[15]      Senate Select Committee on Fuel and Energy, The mining tax: Still bad for the economy – still bad for jobs, Second interim report, July 2010, pp. 28 – 33.

[16]      The Hon Julia Gillard MP, Prime Minister, the Hon. Wayne Swan MP, Deputy Prime Minister and Treasurer and the Hon Martin Ferguson AM MP, Minister for Resources and Energy, Breakthrough agreement with industry on improvements to resources taxation, Media Release, 2 July 20101, pp.1, 3.

[17]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes and Mr Gerard Bond, Head of Group Human Resources, BHP Billiton, Committee Hansard,
8 December 2010, p. 6.

[18]      Mr Simon Bennison, Chief Executive Officer, Association of Mineral and Exploration Companies, Committee Hansard, Monday 8 November 2010, p. 2.

[19]      Mr Simon Bennison, Chief Executive Officer, Association of Mineral and Exploration Companies, Committee Hansard, Monday 8 November 2010, p. 3.

[20]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes  and Mr Graham Armstrong, Senior Associate, Dr Ian Manning, Deputy Executive Director, National Institute of Economic and Industry Research, Committee Hansard, 19 November 2010, pp. 23 – 24.

[21]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes and Mr Stephen Pearce, Chief Financial Office, Fortescue Metals Group Ltd, Committee Hansard, 8 November 2010, p. 22.

[22]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes
and Mr Gerard Bond, Head of Group Human Resources, BHP Billiton, Committee Hansard,
8 December 2010, p. 6.

[23]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes and Mr Mark O'Neill, Chief Adviser Taxation, Rio Tinto, Committee Hansard, 8 December 2010, p. 38.

[24]      Australian Government, 2010, Best Practice Regulation Handbook, p.26,  http://www.finance.gov.au/obpr/proposal/handbook/docs/Best-Practice-Regulation-Handbook.pdf (access on 20 June 2011)

[25]      Australian Government, 2010, Best Practice Regulation Handbook, p.51,  http://www.finance.gov.au/obpr/proposal/handbook/docs/Best-Practice-Regulation-Handbook.pdf (access on 20 June 2011)

[26]      Australian Government, 2010, Best Practice Regulation Handbook, p.51,  http://www.finance.gov.au/obpr/proposal/handbook/docs/Best-Practice-Regulation-Handbook.pdf (access on 20 June 2011)

[27]      Australian Government, 2010, Best Practice Regulation Handbook, p.52,  http://www.finance.gov.au/obpr/proposal/handbook/docs/Best-Practice-Regulation-Handbook.pdf (access on 20 June 2011)

[28]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes
and Mr Gerard Bond, Head of Group Human Resources, BHP Billiton, Committee Hansard,
8 December 2010, pp. 8-9.

[29]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on Fuel and Energy, and Dr Ken Henry, Secretary, Department of the Treasury, Fuel and Energy Committee Hansard, 13 July 2010, pp. 52–53.

[30]      Senator Mathias Cormann and Mr Dominic English, First Assistant Secretary, Economic Division, Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, Hansard, Estimates transcript of evidence, 23 May 201, p. 71.

[31]      Email by Mr Chris Barrett, Chief of Staff, Office of the Treasurer, the Hon Wayne Swan MP. Email dated 1 July 2010 released under Freedom of Information: http://www.treasury.gov.au/documents/1936/PDF/103_email_agreement_with_BHP_design_MRRT.pdf, (accessed 20 June 2011)

[32]      Email by Mr Chris Barrett, Chief of Staff, Office of the Treasurer, the Hon Wayne Swan MP. Email dated 1 July 2010 released under Freedom of Information: http://www.treasury.gov.au/documents/1936/PDF/103_email_agreement_with_BHP_design_MRRT.pdf (accessed 20 June 2011)

[33]      Mineral Resources Rent Tax Heads of Agreement, p.2.

[34]      Policy Transition Group, Terms of Reference, p. 1.

[35]      Policy Transition Group, Terms of Reference, p. 1.

[36]      Policy Transition Group, Terms of Reference, pp 1-2.

[37]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes and Mr Simon Bennison, Chief Executive Officer, Association of Mining and Exploration Companies, Committee Hansard, 8 November 2010, pp. 6 - 7.

[38]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes and Mr Simon Bennison, Chief Executive Officer, Association of Mining and Exploration Companies, Committee Hansard, 8 November 2010, p. 6.

[39]      http://www.futuretax.gov.au/pages/resourcetax_PTG_conslt.aspx (accessed, 20 April 2011)

[40]      http://www.treasury.gov.au/contentitem.asp?NavId=037&ContentID=2070

[41]      Mr Andrew Forrest, Chief Executive Officer, Fortescue Metals Group Ltd, Committee Hansard, 8 November 2010, p. 19.

[42]      Professor Ross Garnaut, Committee Hansard, 19 November 2010, p. 27.

[43]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes and Professor Ross Garnaut, Committee Hansard, 19 November 2010, pp. 27–28.

[44]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes  and Professor Ross Garnaut, Committee Hansard, 19 November 2010, pp. 27–28.

[45]      Australia's Future Tax System Review, Letter to the Treasurer, December 2009,
p. iii.

[46]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes
and Dr Ken Henry, Secretary, Department of the Treasury, Committee Hansard, 22 November 2010, p. 11.

[47]      Mr John Nicolaou, Chief Officer, Membership and Advocacy, Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Western Australia, Committee Hansard, 8 November 2010, p. 78.

[48]      Professor Ross Garnaut, Committee Hansard, 19 November 2010, pp. 28–29.

[49]      Mr Simon Bennison, Chief Executive Officer, Association of Mining and Exploration Companies, Fuel and Energy Committee Hansard, 13 July 2010, p. 81.

[50]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on Fuel and Energy, and
Mr Mike Young, Managing Director, BC Iron Limited on behalf of Association of Minerals and Exploration Companies, Fuel and Energy Committee Hansard, 13 July 2010, p. 86.

[51]      Mr David Flanagan, Managing Director, Atlas Iron Limited on behalf of Association of Minerals and Exploration Companies, Fuel and Energy Committee Hansard, 13 July 2010,
p. 90.

[52]      Mr Young, BC Iron Limited, Association of Minerals and Exploration Companies, Fuel and Energy Committee Hansard, 13 July 2010, p. 86.

[53]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes
and Mr Gerard Bond, Head of Group Human Resources, BPH Billiton, Committee Hansard,
8 December 2010, pp. 17 – 18.

[54]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes
and Mr Mark O'Neill, Chief Adviser - Government Relations, Rio Tinto, Committee Hansard,
8 December 2010, p. 46.

[55]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes and Mr Peter Freyberg, Chief Executive Officer Xstrata Coal, Committee Hansard, 13 December 2010, p. 24.

[56]      Senate Select Committee on Fuel and Energy, The mining tax; Still bad for the economy – Still bad for jobs, Second interim report, July 2010, p.11.

[57]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes  and Dr Ken Henry, Secretary and David Parker, Executive Director, Department of the Treasury, Committee Hansard, 22 November 2010, pp. 17–18.

[58]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes,
Dr Ken Henry, Secretary, Department of the Treasury, Mr David Parker, Executive Director, Department of the Treasury, Committee Hansard, 22 November 2010, pp. 4 - 5.

[59]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes,
Mr David Parker, Executive Director, Department of the Treasury, Committee Hansard, 22 November 2010, p.6.

[60]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes and Professor Ross Garnaut, Committee Hansard, 19 November 2010, p. 29.

[61]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes and Mr Alan Moran, Director, Deregulation Unit, Institute of Public Affairs, Committee Hansard, 19 November 2010, p. 5.

Chapter 4 - The Mineral Resources Rent Tax and expanded onshore Petroleum Resources Rent Tax

[1]        The expansion of the petroleum resource rent tax to the onshore oil and gas industry is explored separately in this chapter.

[2]        The Hon. Julia Gillard MP, Prime Minister, the Hon Wayne Swan MP, Deputy Prime Minister and Treasurer, and the Hon. Martin Ferguson MP, Minister for Resources and Energy, Breakthrough agreement with industry on improvements to resources taxation, Media Release, 2 July 2010.

[3]        These arrangements aim to provide a fair and reasonable return to the Australian community and at the same time provide an incentive for companies to explore and develop resources. Source: Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism, Mineral and Petroleum Exploration and Development in Australia: A Guide for Investors, p. 20.

[4]        Department of Treasury and Finance Western Australia, Analysis of the Proposed Resource Rent Tax Regime, July 2010, p. 12.

[5]        Heads of Agreement, p. 1.

[6]        Mr David Parker, Department of the Treasury, Committee Hansard, 22 November 2010, p. 16.

[7]        Mr David Parker, Department of the Treasury, Committee Hansard, 22 November 2010, p. 16.

[8]        Heads of Agreement, p. 1.

[9]        Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes and Dr Ken Henry, Secretary, Department of the Treasury, Committee Hansard, 22 November 2010, p. 8.

[10]      Dr Ken Henry, Department of the Treasury, Fuel and Energy Committee Hansard, 5 July 2010, p. 5.

[11]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes
and Mr David Parker, Executive Director, Department of the Treasury, Committee Hansard,
22 November 2010, pp. 16–17.

[12]      The Hon. Julia Gillard MP, Prime Minister, the Hon. Wayne Swan MP, Deputy Prime Minister and Treasurer, the Hon Martin Ferguson AM MP, Minister for Resources, Energy and Tourism, Marius Kloppers, BHP Billiton, David Peever, Rio Tinto Australia, Peter Freyberg, Xstrata Coal, Heads of Agreement, p. 1.

[13]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes
and Mr David Parker, Executive Director Revenue Group, Department of the Treasury, Committee Hansard,  22 November 2010, p. 15.

[14]      Professor Henry Ergas, Professor of Infrastructure Economics, University of Wollongong, Committee Hansard, 30 March 2011, p. 7.

[15]      Professor Jonathan Pincus, Visiting Professor, University of Adelaide, Committee Hansard,
30 March 2011, pp. 1–2.

[16]      Ergas, H. Harrison, M. and Pincus, J. (2010) “Some Economics of Mining Taxation,” Economic Papers, 29(4): pp.369-383, p 378.

[17]      Professor George Fane, Committee Hansard, 30 March 2011, p. 26.

[18]      Professor Jonathan Pincus, Committee Hansard, 30 March 2011, p. 2.

[19]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes
and Professor John Freebairn, Ritchie Professor, University of Melbourne, Committee Hansard, 30 March 2011, p. 59.

[20]      Professor Jonathan Pincus, Committee Hansard, 30 March 2011, pp. 4 - 5.

[21]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes
and Professor John Freebairn, Ritchie Professor, University of Melbourne, Committee Hansard, 30 March 2011, p. 54.

[22]      Professor John Rolfe, Committee Hansard, 30 March 2011, p. 59.

[23]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes
and Professor John Freebairn, Committee Hansard, 30 March 2011, p. 60.

[24]      Heads of Agreement, p. 1.

[25]      Heads of Agreement, p. 1.

[26]      Fortescue Metals Group Ltd, Committee Hansard, Monday 8 November 2010, pp. 21 - 22.

[27]      Atlas Iron Ltd, Committee Hansard, 8 November 2010, p. 2.

[28]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes
and Professor Henry Ergas, Committee Hansard, 30 March 2011, p. 10.

[29]      Heads of Agreement, p. 1.

[30]      Source: Treasury Freedom of Information release:: http://www.treasury.gov.au/contentitem.asp?NavId=087&ContentID=1936

          (accessed 20 June 2011)

[31]      Source: Treasury Freedom of Information release: http://www.treasury.gov.au/contentitem.asp?NavId=087&ContentID=1962
(accessed 20 June 2011)

[32]      Source: Treasury Freedom of Information release:: http://www.treasury.gov.au/contentitem.asp?NavId=087&ContentID=1936
(accessed 20 June 2011)

[33]      Source: Treasury Freedom of Information release: http://www.treasury.gov.au/contentitem.asp?NavId=087&ContentID=1962
(accessed 20 June 2011)

[34]      Source: Treasury Freedom of Information release: http://www.treasury.gov.au/contentitem.asp?NavId=087&ContentID=1962
(accessed 20 June 2011)

[35]      Commonwealth Grants Commission, Report on GST Sharing Relativities – 2011 Update, p. 42.

[36]      John Kehoe, 'Mining tax hole tops $100bn', Australian Financial Review, 24 February 2011, pp. 1, 8.

[37]      Organisation of Economic Cooperation and Development (2010), OECD Economic Surveys: Australia November 2010, p.8.

[38]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes, Professor Ross Garnaut, Committee Hansard, 19 November 2010, pp. 30–31.

[39]      Professor John Freebairn, Committee Hansard, 30 March 2011, p. 60.

[40]      Professor Henry Ergas, Committee Hansard, 30 March 2011, p. 11.

[41]      The Hon. Julia Gillard MP, Prime Minister, the Hon Wayne Swan MP, Deputy Prime Minister and Treasurer, and the Hon. Martin Ferguson MP, Minister for Resources and Energy, Breakthrough agreement with industry on improvements to resources taxation, Media Release, 2 July 2010, p. 1.

[42]      Construction, Forestry, Mining and Energy Union, Submission 13, p 2.

[43]      Construction, Forestry, Mining and Energy Union, Submission 13, p 5.

[44]      Peter Hartcher, 'ALP Left takes on Gillard', Sydney Morning Herald, 14 June 2011, p. 1.

[45]      Prosper Australia, Submission 1, p. 5.

[46]      Australians for Northern Development and Economic Vision, Submission 5, p 10.

[47]      Otto, J. et al, Mining Royalties – a global study, World Bank, 2006, p. 32.

[48]      Mr Gerard Bond, Group Head of Human Resources, BHP Billiton, Committee Hansard,
8 December 2010, pp 5–6.

[49]      Mr Mark O'Neill, Chief Adviser Taxation, Rio Tinto, Committee Hansard, 8 December 2010, p. 37.

[50]      Mr Peter Freyberg, Chief Executive, Xstrata Coal, Committee Hansard, 13 December 2010,
p. 20.

[51]      Heads of Agreement, p. 1.

[52]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee of the Scrutiny of New Taxes and Mr James Edwards, Executive Officer, Economics and Tax, Chamber of Minerals and Energy Western Australia, Committee Hansard, 8 November 2010, pp 47–48.

[53]      Mr Peter Freyberg, Chief Executive, Xstrata Coal, Committee Hansard, 13 December 2010,
p. 18.

[54]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee of the Scrutiny of New Taxes and Mr Peter Freyberg, Chief Executive, Xstrata Coal, Committee Hansard, 13 December 2010,
p. 20.

[55]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee of the Scrutiny of New Taxes
and Mr Gerard Bond, Head of Group Human Resources, BHP Billiton, Committee Hansard,
8 December 2010, pp. 11–12.

[56]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee of the Scrutiny of New Taxes
and Mr Gerard Bond, Head of Group Human Resources, BHP Billiton Committee Hansard,
8 December 2010, p. 13.

[57]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee of the Scrutiny of New Taxes and Mr Mark O'Neill, Chief Adviser Taxation, Rio Tinto, Committee Hansard, 8 December 2010,
p. 41.

[58]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes and Dr Ken Henry, Secretary, Department of the Treasury, Committee Hansard, 22 November 2010, pp. 8–9.

[59]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes and Dr Ken Henry, Secretary, Department of the Treasury, Committee Hansard, 22 November 2010, p. 12.

[60]      Dr Ken Henry, Secretary, Department of the Treasury, Committee Hansard, 22 November 2010, pp. 12–13.

[61]      Policy Transition Group, Report to the Australian Government – New Resource Taxation Arrangements, December 2010.

[62]      The PTG's report to government was delivered in December 2010. That report made 98 recommendations (94 concerning the mining tax and four concerning exploration incentives).

[63]      Policy Transition Group, Report to the Australian Government – New Resource Taxation Arrangements, December 2010, Commonwealth of Australia, p. 17.

[64]      Policy Transition Group, Report to the Australian Government – New Resource Taxation Arrangements, December 2010, Commonwealth of Australia, p. 17.

[65]      Joint media release, Deputy Prime Minister and Treasurer, the Hon Wayne Swan MP and the Minister for Resources, Energy and Tourism, the Hon Martin Ferguson MP, Government accepts Resource Tax Recommendations,   http://minister.ret.gov.au/MediaCentre/MediaReleases/Pages/GovernmentAcceptsResourceTaxRecommendations.aspx (accessed 21 April 2011).

[66]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee of the Scrutiny of New Taxes and Dr Ken Henry, Secretary, Department of the Treasury, Committee Hansard, 22 November 2010, pp. 11–12.

[67]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee of the Scrutiny of New Taxes
and Mr Timothy Marney, Under Treasurer, Department of Treasury and Finance, Western Australia, Committee Hansard, 8 November 2010, p. 66.

[68]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee of the Scrutiny of New Taxes and Professor Henry Ergas, Committee Hansard, 30 March 2011, p. 9.

[69]      The long term bond rate in Australia is currently around 5.5 per cent.

[70]      Professor George Fane, Committee Hansard, 30 March 2011, p. 41.

[71]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee of the Scrutiny of New Taxes and Professor George Fane, Committee Hansard, 30 March 2011, pp. 28 - 29.

[72]      Professor George Fane, Committee Hansard, 30 March 2011, pp. 24 - 25.

[73]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee of the Scrutiny of New Taxes
and Mr David Parker, Executive Director, Department of the Treasury, Committee Hansard,
22 November 2010, p. 49.

[74]      Mr Simon Bennison, Chief Executive Officer, Association of Mining and Exploration Companies, Committee Hansard, 8 November 2010, p. 11.

[75]      Mr Noel Richards, Senior Policy Adviser, Resources and Energy, Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Western Australia, Committee Hansard, 8 November 2010, p. 83.

[76]      Mr James Edwards, Chamber of Minerals and Energy Western Australia, Committee Hansard, 8 November 2010, p. 46.

[77]      Senator Mark Bishop and Mr James Edwards, Committee Hansard, 8 November 2010, p. 50.

[78]      Magnetite Network (MagNet), Submission 25, pp 3–4.

[79]      Ms Megan Anwyl, Executive Director, Magnetite Network, Mr William Mackenzie, Chairman, Magnetite Network, Committee Hansard, 8 November 2010, p. 94.

[80]      Policy Transition Group, Report to the Australian Government – New Resource Taxation Arrangements, December 2010, p. 16.

[81]      Policy Transition Group, Report to the Australian Government – New Resource Taxation Arrangements, December 2010, p. 16.

[82]      Source: http://www.ret.gov.au/resources/enhancing/taxation/prrt/Pages/PetroleumResourceRentTax(PRRT).aspx (accessed 3 May 2011).

[83]      Australian Government, Fact sheet - A new resource taxation regime: improved resource tax arrangements, 2 July 2010, p. 2.

[84]      The points identified as key features of the PRRT have been sourced from the Government's fact sheet, A new resource taxation regime: improved resource tax arrangements, 2 July 2010, pp 2 - 3.

[85]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes and Mr Eric, Streitberg, Executive Director, Buru Energy, Committee Hansard, 8 November 2010, p. 113.

[86]      The DomGas Alliance was formed in 2006 in response to serious gas supply shortages in Western Australia. Members include: Alcoa of Australia, Alinta, Burrup Fertilisers; Dampier Bunbury Pipeline, ERM Power/NewGen Power, Fortescue Metals Group, Horizon Power, Newmont Australia, Synergy, Verve Energy and Windimurra Vanadium. Source: DomGas Alliance, Submission 6, p. 9.

[87]      Mr Anthony Petersen, Chairman DomGas Alliance, Committee Hansard, 8 November 2010,
p. 33.

[88]      Mr Anthony Petersen, Cahir Domgas Alliance, Committee Hansard, 8 November 2010, p. 33.

[89]      Mr Eric Streitberg, Executive Director, Buru Energy Limited, Committee Hansard,
8 November 2010, p. 110.

[90]      Mr Eric Streitberg, Executive Director, Buru Energy Limited Committee Hansard,
8 November 2010, p. 110.

[91]      Mr Eric Streitberg, Executive Director, Buru Energy Limited, Committee Hansard,
8 November 2010, p. 112.

[92]      Policy Transition Group, Report to the Australian Government – New Resource Taxation Arrangements, December 2010, p. 89.

[93]      Mr Anthony Petersen, Chair, Domgas Alliance, Committee Hansard, 8 November 2010, p. 33.

Chapter 5 - Broader economic consequences of the flawed Mineral Resources Rent Tax and the expanded Petroleum Resources Rent Tax

[1]        Fortescue Metals Group Ltd, Committee Hansard, 8 November 2010, p. 21 – 22.

[2]        Katherine Murphy, BHP drafted mining tax truce, documents suggest, The age.com.au, http://www.theage.com.au/national/bhp-drafted-mining-tax-truce-documents-suggest-20110311-1brm0.html (accessed on 20 June 2011)

[3]        Email by Mr Chris Barrett, Chief of Staff, Office of the Treasurer, the Hon Wayne Swan MP. Email dated 1 July 2010 released under Freedom of Information: http://www.treasury.gov.au/documents/1936/PDF/103_email_agreement_with_BHP_design_MRRT.pdf, (accessed 20 June 2011)

[4]        Email by Mr Chris Barrett, Chief of Staff, Office of the Treasurer, the Hon Wayne Swan MP. Email dated 1 July 2010 released under Freedom of Information: http://www.treasury.gov.au/documents/1936/PDF/103_email_agreement_with_BHP_design_MRRT.pdf (accessed 20 June 2011)

[5]        Fortescue Metals Group Ltd, Committee Hansard, 8 November 2010, p. 21-22.

[6]        Mr Andrew Forrest, quoted in, Sue Lannin, Revised mining tax un-Australian: Forrest, ABC News, 13 June 2011, http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2011/06/13/3242507.htm (accessed, 14 June 2011).

[7]        Mr Stephen Pearce, Tax man digs a hole for emerging miners, Australian Financial Review,
22 June 2011, p. 63.

[8]        Mr Andrew Forrest, quoted in, Sue Lannin, Revised mining tax un-Australian: Forrest, ABC News, 13 June 2011, http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2011/06/13/3242507.htm (accessed, 14 June 2011).

[9]        Mr David Flanagan, Managing Director Atlas Iron, Committee Hansard, 8 November 2010,
p. 5.

[10]      Mr Morgan Ball, CFO and Company Secretary, BC Iron Ltd, Committee Hansard, 8 November 2010, p. 6.

[11]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes and Professor Henry Ergas, Committee Hansard, 30 March 2011, p. 6.

[12]      Dr David Gruen, Executive Director Macroeconomic Group Australian Treasury, 'The Resources Boom and Structural Change in the Australian Economy', 2011 Economic and Political Overview Committee for Economic Development of Australia, 24 February 2011.

[13]      Association of Mining and Exploration Companies, Submission 3, p 1.

[14]      Institute of Public Affairs, Submission 15, p 7.

[15]      Mr Andrew Forrest, CEO, Fortescue Metals Group Ltd, Committee Hansard, 8 November 2010, p. 19.

[16]      Professor Jonathan Pincus, Committee Hansard, 30 March 2011, p. 3.

[17]      Australia Institute, Submission 14, p 7.

[18]      Dr Ken Henry, Secretary, Department of the Treasury, Committee Hansard, 22 November 2010, p. 42.

[19]      G Fane, 'Reputation of Nation on the Line', The Australian, 31 May. 2010 http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/opinion/reputation-of-the-nation-on-the-line/story-e6frg6zo-1225873225249

[20]      Mr Andrew Forrest, Chief Executive Officer, Fortescue Metals Group Ltd, Committee Hansard, 8 November 2010, p. 18.

[21]      Mr Andrew Forrest, Fortescue Metals Group Ltd, Committee Hansard, 8 November 2010,
p. 26.

[22]      Mr Peter Freyberg, Chief Executive Officer, Xstrata Coal, Committee Hansard, 13 December 2010, pp. 17, 30.

[23]      Professor Jonathan Pincus, Visiting Professor of Economics, University of Adelaide, Committee Hansard, 30 March 2011, p. 1.

[24]      Professor Jonathan Pincus, Committee Hansard, 30 March 2011, p. 1.

[25]      Professor John Rolfe, Committee Hansard, 30 March 2011, p. 44.

[26]      Professor John Rolfe, Committee Hansard, 30 March 2011, p. 44.

[27]      Professor John Rolfe, Committee Hansard, 30 March 2011, p. 43.

[28]      P, Akerman, 'Gillard is Smoke and Mirrors Surpluses', The Daily Telegraph, 15 July, 2010, http://blogs.news.com.au/dailytelegraph/piersakerman/index.php/dailytelegraph/comments/gillard_con_is_smoke_and_mirrors_surpluses/

[29]      Ergas, H. Harrison, M. and Pincus, J. (2010), Some Economics of Mining Taxation, Economic Papers, 29(4): 369-383, pp 380, 382.

[30]      Department of the Treasury, Federal Budget 2010-11, Budget Paper No.2, p. 45.

[31]      Department of the Treasury, Federal Budget 2010-11, Budget Paper No. 2, p. 45.

[32]      Department of the Treasury, http://www.treasury.gov.au/documents/1962/PDF/MRRT_Model.pdf (accessed 6 May 2011).

[33]      Mr David Parker, Department of the Treasury, Senate Select Committee on Fuel and Energy, Committee Hansard, 5 July 2010, p. 14.

[34]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes and Dr Ken Henry, Secretary, Department of the Treasury, Committee Hansard, 22 November 2010, p. 2.

[35]      Treasury Portfolio, answer to question on notice, 20-21 October 2010 (received 2 February 2011).

[36]      Department of the Treasury, Mid Year Economic and Fiscal Outlook, 2010-11, pp 9, 11, 23.

[37]      Source: Department of the Treasury, Mid-Year Economic and Fiscal Outlook 2010-11, p. 226.

[38]      Department of the Treasury, Mid Year Economic and Fiscal Outlook, 2010-11, p. 3.

[39]      Department of the Treasury, Budget Strategy and Outlook, Budget Paper No. 1, Statement 5: Revenue, p. 5-29.

[40]      Department of the Treasury, Budget Strategy and Outlook, Budget Paper No. 1, Statement 5: Revenue, p. 5-29.

[41]      Department of the Treasury, Budget Strategy and Outlook, Budget Paper No. 1, Statement 2: Economic Outlook, p. 2-28.

[42]      Source: Department of the Treasury, Budget Strategy and Outlook, Budget Paper No. 1, Statement 2: Economic Outlook, p. 2-28.

[43]      Professor Jonathan Pincus, Committee Hansard, 30 March 2011, p. 3.

[44]      Department of the Treasury, Mid-Year Economic and Fiscal Outlook 2010-11, p.283; Department of the Treasury, Budget Strategy and Outlook – Budget Paper No.1 2011-12,
p. 5-35.

[45]      Source: Treasury Freedom of Information release: http://www.treasury.gov.au/contentitem.asp?NavId=087&ContentID=1962 (accessed 20 June 2011).

[46]      Department of the Parliamentary Services – Parliamentary Library, Client Memorandum to Senator Mathias Cormann, 18 April 2011.

[47]      Parliament of Australia, Department of the Parliamentary Services – Parliamentary Library, Client Memorandum to Senator Mathias Cormann, 18 April 2011.

[48]      Department of the Treasury, Budget 2010-11, Budget Measures, Budget Paper No.2, p.42.

[49]      Department of the Treasury, Budget 2010-11, Budget Measures, Budget Paper No.2, p.42.

[50]      Estimate.

[51]      For 2011-12 – 2013-14, please refer to Budget - 2010 - p.39; Budget - 2010 - p.43; MEYFO - Appendix A, Part 2 - policy decisions taken between the 2010-11 Budget and the 2010 PEFO; Economic Statement 2010 - p. 24.

[52]      Projection from 2014-15 increased at Budget 2011 forecast economic growth rate of 3.0%.

[53]      Projection from 2015-16 increased at the Inter-generational report (40 year average) of economic growth rate of 2.70%.

[54]      For figures covering 2010 to 2015, please refer to 2011-12 Budget Papers, Australia's Federal Relations, Budget Paper No.3, 2011-12, p. 74 -75 – 10 May 2011

[55]      For expenditure over the period, 2015-16 to 2019-2020 please note that it comes from the difference between $6.0 billion, which is the total infrastructure spending committed against the MRRT and the amount spent as 2014-15 (the last year of the Budget forecast) which is $2.3 billion. The figure of $2.3 billion is then divided by the remaining years of forecast MRRT outlays to 2020/21, which is 6 years. This gives an average of $618 million.

[56]      Source: Treasury Freedom of Information release: http://www.treasury.gov.au/contentitem.asp?NavId=087&ContentID=1962 (accessed 20 June 2011).

[57]      For figures covering 2010 to 2015, please refer to Budget Papers 2011-12, Australia's Federal Relations, Budget Paper No.3, 2011-12, pp. 74 -75.

[58]      For expenditure over the period, 2015-16 to 2019-2020 please note that it comes from the difference between $6.0 billion, which is the total infrastructure spending committed against the MRRT and the amount spent as 2014-15 (the last year of the Budget forecast) which is $2.3 billion. The figure of $2.3 billion is then divided by the remaining years of forecast MRRT outlays to 2020/21, which is 6 years. This gives an average of $618 million.

[59]      Department of the Treasury, Budget 2011-12, Budget Paper 1, p. 9-17.

[60]      Australian Government 2010, The Resource Super Profits Tax: A Fair Return to the Nation,
p. 16.

[61]      Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes and
Professor Jonathan Pincus, Committee Hansard, 30 March 2011, p. 12.

[62]      Professor John Rolfe, Committee Hansard, 30 March 2011, p. 43.

[63]      Organisation of Economic Cooperation and Development, OECD Economic Surveys: Australia: November 2010, p. 9.

[64]      Otto, J. et al, Mining Royalties – A global study of their impact on investors, government and civil society, World Bank, 2006, p. 266.

[65]      Otto, J. et al, Mining Royalties – A global study of their impact on investors, government and civil society, World Bank, 2006, p. 266.

[66]      Otto, J. et al, Mining Royalties – A global study of their impact on investors, government and civil society, World Bank, 2006, p. 223.

[67]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, 6291.0.55.003 - Labour Force, Australia, Detailed, Quarterly, Feb 2011, 17 March 2011.

[68]      Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics: 6291.0.55.003 - Labour Force, Australia, Detailed, Quarterly, Feb 2011, 17 March 2011.

[69]      Otto, J. et al, Mining Royalties – A global study of their impact on investors, government and civil society, World Bank, 2006, p. 223.

[70]      Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics – Bureau of Rural Sciences, Minerals and energy, Major development projects – April 2011 listing, 26 May 2011, p. 5.

[71]      Source: Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics – Bureau of Rural Sciences, Minerals and Energy, Major development projects – April 2011 listing, 26 May 2011, p. 5.

[72]      Otto, J. et al, Mining Royalties – A global study of their impact on investors, government and civil society, World Bank, 2006, p. 215.

[73]      Otto, J. et al, Mining Royalties – A global study of their impact on investors, government and civil society, World Bank, 2006, p. 216.

[74]      Source: Otto, J. et al, Mining Royalties – A global study of their impact on investors, government and civil society, World Bank, 2006, p. 216.

[75]      Dr Ken Henry, Committee Hansard, 22 November 2010, p. 42.

[76]      Professor Jonathan Pincus, Committee Hansard, 30 March 2011, p. 1.

Chapter 6 - The taxation of non-renewable resources and implications for the federation

[1]        Association of Mining and Exploration Companies – Submission to the Policy Transition Group: The proposed minerals resources rent tax and the exploration development options, (Note, submission provided to the Senate Select Committee on new Taxes: Mining Tax Inquiry) p.8.

[2]        Association of Mining and Exploration Companies, Submission, p.8.

[3]        Association of Mining and Exploration Companies, Submission, p.9.

[4]        Association of Mining and Exploration Companies, Submission, p.9.

[5]        Average calculated using statistics for 2006-07 to 2009-10 sourced from ABS: http://www.ausstats.abs.gov.au/Ausstats/subscriber.nsf/0/556894E44C26469ECA2577CA00139858/$File/52040_2009-10.pdf, (accessed 1 November 2010).

[6]        Average calculated using statistics for 2001-02 to 2005-06 sourced from ABS: http://www.ausstats.abs.gov.au/Ausstats/subscriber.nsf/0/556894E44C26469ECA2577CA00139858/$File/52040_2009-10.pdf, (accessed 1 November 2010).

[7]        Australian Bureau of Statistics, 6291.0.55.003 - Labour Force, Australia, Detailed, Quarterly, Aug 2010.

[8]        Minerals Council of Australia, Fact Sheet: The Australian Minerals Industry and the Australian Economy, November 2008, p. 1, http://www.minerals.org.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/32804/Aus_min_industry_fact_sheet_Nov_2008_v5.pdf, (accessed 1 November 2010).

[9]        Note: A reference to state includes a reference to territories.

[10]      Otto, J. et al, Mining Royalties – a global study, World Bank, 2006, p. 55.

[11]      Otto, J. et al, Mining Royalties – a global study, World Bank, 2006, p. 50.

[12]      Otto, J. et al, Mining Royalties – a global study, World Bank, 2006, pp 50-51.

[13]      Otto, J. et al, Mining Royalties – a global study, World Bank, 2006, p. 52.

[14]      Otto, J. et al, Mining Royalties – a global study, World Bank, 2006, p. 64.

[15]      Parliamentary Library, Briefing Note-Mining Royalty Regimes in Australia, 2010, p. 1.

[16]      Otto, J. et al, Mining Royalties – a global study, World Bank, 2006, p. 32.

[17]      Source: Craig Bowie, Special Counsel, MinterEllison Lawyers, 8 April 2009, pp 1-5, http://www.minterellison.com/public/connect/Internet/Home/Legal+Insights/Newsletters/Previous+Newsletters/A-ERU3+mining+royalties+overview, viewed 27 October 2010 and Western Australian Budget 2011-12, Economic and Fiscal Outlook, Budget paper No.3, pp.90 – 91.

[18]      Department of the Treasury, Budget Paper 1: Statement 4 – Benefitting from our mineral resources: opportunities, challenges and policy settings, 2010, p. 4.17. 

[19]      Source: Adapted from information published by the Commonwealth Grants Commission. Mining revenue includes mining royalties and exploration permit fees.

[20]      Commonwealth Grants Commission, Report on GST Revenue Sharing Relativities–2010 Review, Chapter 8: Mining Revenue, 2010, p. 129.

[21]      Department of the Treasury, Budget Paper 1: Statement 4 – Benefitting from our mineral resources: opportunities, challenges and policy settings, 2010, pp. 4-5.

[22]      Source: Australian Council of Trade Unions, Submission 9, p 6.

[23]      Australia's Future Tax System Review, Report to the Treasurer, December 2009, Part Two,
p. 217.

[24]      Source: Australian Tax Office, Taxation Statistics, Table 8: Company Tax.

[25]      Source: Treasury, Answer to 2010 Budget estimates question on notice BET 1.

[26]      Source: ABARE, Geoscience Australia and Treasury.

[27]      Australia's Future Tax System Review, Report to the Treasurer, December 2009, Part One,
p. xxi.

[28]      Australia's Future Tax System Review, Report to the Treasurer, December 2009, Part Two,
p. 217.

[29]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on New Taxes and Dr Ken Henry, Secretary, Department of the Treasury, Committee Hansard, Monday 22 November 2010, p. 8.

[30]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on Fuel and Energy and Mr Michael Barnes, Acting Under Treasurer, Department of Treasury and Finance, Western Australia, Fuel and Energy Committee Hansard, 13 July 2010, p.3

[31]      Mr Michael Barnes, Acting Under Treasurer, Department of Treasury and Finance, Western Australia, Fuel and Energy Committee Hansard, 13 July 2010, p. 3.

[32]      Department of the Treasury, Freedom of Information release: http://www.treasury.gov.au/contentitem.asp?NavId=087&ContentID=1962 (accessed 20 June 2011)

[33]      Department of the Treasury, Freedom of Information release: http://www.treasury.gov.au/contentitem.asp?NavId=087&ContentID=1962 (accessed 20 June 2011)

[34]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair and  Dr Ken Henry, Secretary, Department of the Treasury, Committee Hansard, Economics Committee Estimates, 24 February 2001, p. 25.

[35]      Department of the Treasury, Budget Paper 1: Statement 4 – Benefitting from our mineral resources: opportunities, challenges and policy settings, 2010, p. 17.

[36]      http://www.cgc.gov.au/ (accessed on 28 April 2011)

[37]      Mr John Spasojevic, Secretary, Commonwealth Grants Commission, Committee Hansard,
21 October 2010, p. 117.

[38]      Commonwealth Grants Commission, Report on State Revenue Sharing Relativities 2009 Update, 2009.

[39]      Commonwealth Grants Commission, Report on State Revenue Sharing Relativities 2009 Update, 2009.

[40]      Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of new Taxes, and Mr John Spasojevic, Secretary, Commonwealth Grants Commission, Committee Hansard, 9 December 2010, p. 1-2.

[41]      The Hon Troy Buswell MLA, Treasurer, Facsimile, 18 March 2010.  Budget Estimates for 2011-12, Senate Economics Legislation Committee, Schedule of Tabled Documents by the Department of the Treasury.  Tabled document No.5, 1 June 2011.  Tabled by Mr Nigel Ray, Executive Director, Fiscal Group, the Department of the Treasury.

[42]      Facsimile, Mr Timothy Marney, Western Australia Under Treasurer, 11 May 2010, p.1. Budget Estimates for 2011-12, Senate Economics Legislation Committee, Schedule of Tabled Documents by the Department of the Treasury.  Tabled document No.5, 1 June 2011.  Tabled by Mr Nigel Ray, Executive Director, Fiscal Group, the Department of the Treasury.

[43]      Facsimile, Mr Timothy Marney, Western Australia Under Treasurer, 16 November 2010, p.1. Budget Estimates for 2011-12, Senate Economics Legislation Committee, Schedule of Tabled Documents by the Department of the Treasury.  Tabled document No.5, 1 June 2011.  Tabled by Mr Nigel Ray, Executive Director, Fiscal Group, the Department of the Treasury.

[44]      Letter, Queensland Treasurer copied to the Treasurer, 9 February 2011, p.2.  Budget Estimates for 2011-12, Senate Economics Legislation Committee, Schedule of Tabled Documents by the Department of the Treasury.  Tabled document No.5, 1 June 2011.  Tabled by Mr Nigel Ray, Executive Director, Fiscal Group, the Department of the Treasury.

[45]      Letter, Deputy Prime Minister and Treasurer, the Hon Wayne Swan MP to the Commonwealth Grants Commission (Mr Alan Henderson – Chairperson), http://www.cgc.gov.au/publications2/publications/latest_reports/2011_update/2011Update/contents/preliminaries (accessed on 23 May 2011)

[46]      Commonwealth Grants Commission, Report on GST revenue sharing relativities  - 2011 Update, p. 43.

[47]      Letter, Deputy Prime Minister and Treasurer, the Hon Wayne Swan MP to the Commonwealth Grants Commission (Mr Alan Henderson – Chairperson), http://www.cgc.gov.au/publications2/publications/latest_reports/2011_update/2011Update/contents/preliminaries (accessed on 23 May 2011)

[48]      Joint media release: the Prime Minister, the Hon Julia Gillard MP and the Deputy Prime Minister and Treasurer, the Hon Wayne Swan MP: Review of GST Distribution. 
(http://treasurer.gov.au/DisplayDocs.aspx?doc=pressreleases/2011/028.htm&pageID=003&min=wms&Year=&DocType=) (accessed 21 April 2011)

[49]      Joint media release: the Prime Minister, the Hon Julia Gillard MP and the Deputy Prime Minister and Treasurer, the Hon Wayne Swan MP: Review of GST Distribution. 
(http://treasurer.gov.au/DisplayDocs.aspx?doc=pressreleases/2011/028.htm&pageID=003&min=wms&Year=&DocType=) (accessed 21 April 2011)

[50]      Government of Western Australia, Budget 2011-12 Factsheet.  http://www.dtf.wa.gov.au/cms/uploadedFiles/State_Budget/Budget_2011_12/2011-12_fact_sheets_western%20australias%20gst%20share.pdf (accessed 23 May 2011)

[51]      Andrew Burrell, 'Barnett blows $2bn hole in Swan's budget target', The Australian, 20 May 2011, p. 1.

[52]      Media release, the Deputy Prime Minister and Treasurer, the Hon Wayne Swan MP, Barnett's 'own-goal' on iron ore royalties,  http://ministers.treasury.gov.au/DisplayDocs.aspx?doc=pressreleases/2011/057.htm&pageID=003&min=wms&Year=&DocType= (accessed 23 May 2011)

[53]      The Hon Troy Buswell MLA, Treasurer, Facsimile, 18 March 2010.  Budget Estimates for 2011-12, Senate Economics Legislation Committee, Schedule of Tabled Documents by the Department of the Treasury.  Tabled document No.5, 1 June 2011.  Tabled by Mr Nigel Ray, Executive Director, Fiscal Group, Department of the Treasury.

[54]      Facsimile, Mr Timothy Marney, Western Australia Under Treasurer,11 May 2010, p.1. Budget Estimates for 2011-12, Senate Economics Legislation Committee, Schedule of Tabled Documents by the Department of the Treasury.  Tabled document No.5, 1 June 2011.  Tabled by Mr Nigel Ray, Executive Director, Fiscal Group, Department of the Treasury.

[55]      Freedom of Information release: Treasury Executive Minute: Mining projects and Royalties in Western Australia – 17 May 2010. Budget Estimates for 2011-12, Senate Economics Legislation Committee, Schedule of Tabled Documents by the Department of the Treasury.  Tabled document No.5, 1 June 2011.  Tabled by Mr Nigel Ray, Executive Director, Fiscal Group, Department of the Treasury.

[56]      Facsimile, Mr Timothy Marney, Western Australia Under Treasurer,16 November 2010, p.1.  Budget Estimates for 2011-12, Senate Economics Legislation Committee, Schedule of Tabled Documents by the Department of the Treasury.  Tabled document No.5, 1 June 2011.  Tabled by Mr Nigel Ray, Executive Director, Fiscal Group, Department of the Treasury.

[57]      Letter, Queensland Treasurer copied to the Treasurer, 9 February 2011, p.2.  Budget Estimates for 2011-12, Senate Economics Legislation Committee, Schedule of Tabled Documents by the Department of the Treasury.  Tabled document No.5, 1 June 2011.  Tabled by Mr Nigel Ray, Executive Director, Fiscal Group, Department of the Treasury.

[58]      Letter, Deputy Prime Minister and Treasurer, the Hon Wayne Swan MP to the Commonwealth Grants Commission (Mr Alan Henderson – Chairperson), http://www.cgc.gov.au/publications2/publications/latest_reports/2011_update/2011Update/contents/preliminaries (accessed on 23 May 2011)

[59]      Facsimile, Western Australia Treasurer, the Hon C. Christian Porter MLA, 19 May 2011. Budget Estimates for 2011-12, Senate Economics Legislation Committee, Schedule of Tabled Documents by the Department of the Treasury.  Tabled document No.5, 1 June 2011.  Tabled by Mr Nigel Ray, Executive Director, Fiscal Group, the Department of the Treasury.

[60]      Media release, the Deputy Prime Minister and Treasurer, the Hon Wayne Swan MP, Barnett's 'own-goal' on iron ore royalties.  http://ministers.treasury.gov.au/DisplayDocs.aspx?doc=pressreleases/2011/057.htm&pageID=003&min=wms&Year=&DocType= (accessed 23 May 2011)

[61]      Media release, the Deputy Prime Minister and Treasurer, the Hon Wayne Swan MP, Barnett's 'own-goal' on iron ore royalties.  http://ministers.treasury.gov.au/DisplayDocs.aspx?doc=pressreleases/2011/057.htm&pageID=003&min=wms&Year=&DocType= (accessed 23 May 2011)

[62]      House of Representatives, Hansard, Monday 23 May 2011, p. 58.

[63]      Andrew Burrell, 'Barnett blows $2bn hole in Swan's budget target', The Australian, 20 May 2011, p. 1.

[64]      Cole Latimer, NSW may raise coal royalty rates, 6 June 2011, http://www.miningaustralia.com.au/news/nsw-may-raise-coal-royalty-rates (accessed 7 June 2011)

[65]      Andrew Clennell, 'Barr O'Farrell's budget threat on rail money by increasing mining royalties, The Daily Telegraph, online article 6 June 2010, http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/barry-ofarrells-budget-threat-on-rail-money-by-increasing-state-mining-royalties/story-e6freuy9-1226069739476 (accessed 7 June 2011)

[66]      Francene Norton, 'No mining tax if states lose revenues: Bligh', Eraming.com.au, 22 December 2010, http://www.efarming.com.au/News/agricultural/22/12/2010/124679/no-mining-tax-if-states-lose-revenues-bligh.html (accessed on 7 June 2011)

[67]      Lisa Martin, 'Bligh defiant on mining royalties', 21 December 2010,  NineMSN, ,http://news.ninemsn.com.au/national/8186928/bligh-defiant-on-mining-royalties (accessed on 7 June 2011)

[68]      Parliament of Tasmania, The Budget – Budget Paper No.1, Presented by Lara Giddings MP, Treasurer, for the information of Honourable Members, on the occasion of the Budget, 2011-12, p5.25.

[69]      Parliament of Tasmania, The Budget – Budget Paper No.1, Presented by Lara Giddings MP, Treasurer, for the information of Honourable Members, on the occasion of the Budget, 2011-12, p5.25.

[70]      The Hon Andrew Fraser MP, Queensland Treasurer; Minister for Employment and Minister for Economic Development, Letter to Mr Allan Henderson AM, Chair of the Commonwealth Grants Commission, 9 February 2011.  Budget Estimates for 2011-12, Senate Economics Legislation Committee, Schedule of Tabled Documents by the Department of the Treasury.  Tabled document No.5, 1 June 2011.  Tabled by Mr Nigel Ray, executive Director, Fiscal Group, the Department of the Treasury.

[71]      The Hon Andrew Fraser MP, Queensland Treasurer; Minister for Employment and Minister for Economic Development, Letter to Mr Allan Henderson AM, Chair of the Commonwealth Grants Commission, 9 February 2011.  1 June 2011.  Budget Estimates for 2011-12, Senate Economics Legislation Committee, Schedule of Tabled Documents by the Department of the Treasury.  Tabled document No.5, 1 June 2011.  Tabled by Mr Nigel Ray, Executive Director, Fiscal Group, the Department of the Treasury.

[72]      Source: The Hon Andrew Fraser MP, Queensland Treasurer; Minister for Employment and Minister for Economic Development, Letter to Mr Allan Henderson AM, Chair of the Commonwealth Grants Commission, 9 February 2011.  Budget Estimates for 2011-12, Senate Economics Legislation Committee, Schedule of Tabled Documents by the Department of the Treasury.  Tabled document No.5, 1 June 2011.  Tabled by Mr Nigel Ray, executive Director, Fiscal Group, the Department of the Treasury.

[73]     Department of the Parliamentary Services – Parliamentary Library, Client Memorandum to Senator Mathias Cormann, 1 June 2011. Note: data for South Australia and Victoria unavailable. Note – no data available for the Northern Territory for 2005 – 2008 and for Victoria 2005 and 2006.

[74]      Department of the Parliamentary Services – Parliamentary Library, Client Memorandum to Senator Mathias Cormann, 1 June 2011. 

[75]      Senator Mathias Cormann and Mr John Spasojevic, Secretary, Commonwealth Grants Commission, Proof Committee Hansard, Estimates transcript of evidence, 1 June 2011, p.67.

[76]      Freedom of Information disclosure.  Department of the Treasury website: http://www.treasury.gov.au/contentitem.asp?NavId=087&ContentID=1936 (accessed 11 May 2011),  Australian Government Solicitor legal advice, 9 December 2009, p.9.

[77]      Freedom of Information disclosure.  Department of the Treasury website: http://www.treasury.gov.au/contentitem.asp?NavId=087&ContentID=1936 (accessed 11 May 2011),  Australian Government Solicitor legal advice, 9 December 2009, p.9.

[78]      Freedom of Information disclosure.  Department of the Treasury website: http://www.treasury.gov.au/contentitem.asp?NavId=087&ContentID=1936 ( accessed 11 May 2011),  Australian Government Solicitor legal advice, 27 April 2010, p.1.

[79]      Freedom of Information disclosure.  Department of the Treasury website: http://www.treasury.gov.au/contentitem.asp?NavId=087&ContentID=1936 ( accessed 11 May 2011),  Australian Government Solicitor legal advice, 27 April 2010, p.5

[80]      Freedom of Information disclosure.  Department of the Treasury website: http://www.treasury.gov.au/contentitem.asp?NavId=087&ContentID=1936 (accessed 11 May 2011),  Australian Government Solicitor legal advice, 27 April 2010, p. 2.

[81]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair Fuel and Energy Committee, Dr Ken Henry, Secretary, Department of the Treasurer, Mr David Parker, Executive  Director, Department of the Treasury, Fuel and Energy Committee Hansard, 5 July 2010, pp. 41 – 42.

[82]      Mr Bryan Pape, Senior Lecturer, School of Law, University of New England, Committee Hansard, 13 December, p. 1.

[83]      Mr Bryan Pape, Senior Lecturer, School of Law, University of New England, Committee Hansard, 13 December, p. 1.

[84]      Unknown author, 'FMG's Andrew Forrest hints of challenging MRRT in court', International Business Times Australia,14 June 2011, http://au.ibtimes.com/articles/162159/20110613/fmg-s-andrew-forrest-hints-of-likely-legal-challenge-against-mrrt.htm (accessed 21 June 2011)

[85]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on New Taxes and Mr Bryan Pape, Senior Lecturer, School of Law, University of New England, Committee Hansard,
13 December, p. 3.

[86]      Mr Cleaver Elliott, Acting Clerk, Department of the Senate, Formal email: Seeking advisory opinions from the High Court on the Constitutionality of bills, 15 December 2010.

[87]      Mr Cleaver Elliott, Acting Clerk, Department of the Senate, Formal email: Seeking advisory opinions from the High Court on the Constitutionality of bills, 15 December 2010.

[88]      AAP, 'Fortescue may challenge resources rent tax of constitutional grounds, says Forrest', The Australian, 13 June 2011, http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/mining-energy/fortescue-may-challenge-resources-rent-tax-on-constitutional-grounds-says-forrest/story-e6frg9df-1226074326165 (accessed 21 June 2011)

[89]      Andrew Burrell, 'Colin Barnett and miners eye high court challenge to Julia Gillard's tax', The Australian, 11 June, http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/mining-energy/colin-barnett-and-miners-eye-high-court-challenge-to-julia-gillards-new-carbon-tax/story-e6frg9df-1226073303486  (accessed 21 June 2011)

APPENDIX 3 - Terms of Reference Australia’s future tax system[1]

[1]        Department of the Treasury, Australia's future tax system – Report to the Treasurer – Part One, December 2009, pp vii–ix.