Footnotes

Executive Summary

[1]        Productivity Commission, Carbon Emission Policies in Key Economies, Research Report,  May 2011, p. 50.

[2]        Professor Henry Ergas, Committee Hansard, 10 August 2011, p. 60.

[3]        Productivity Commission 2007, Productivity Commission Submission to the Prime Ministerial Task Group on Emissions Trading, March, pp viii and 31.

[4]        Professor Henry Ergas, "Dealing with Climate Change", Crawford School Dialogue: Australia's carbon price: good policy or not?, Australian National University, 5 September, 2011.

[5]        Professor Henry Ergas, 'Mr Garnaut, climate policy should be questioned', The Australian,
30 September 2011, p. 12.

[6]        Professor Henry Ergas, 'Mr Garnaut, climate policy should be questioned', The Australian,
30 September 2011, p. 12.

[7]        Professor Henry Ergas, 'Mr Garnaut, climate policy should be questioned', The Australian, 30 September 2011, p. 12.

[8]         Professor Henry Ergas, Committee Hansard, 10 August 2011, p. 61.

[9]        Professor Henry Ergas, 'Mr Garnaut, climate policy should be questioned', The Australian,
30 September 2011, p. 12.

[10]      Professor Henry Ergas, "Dealing with Climate Change", Crawford School Dialogue: Australia's carbon price: good policy or not?, Australian National University, 5 September, 2011.

[11]      World Bank 2011, State and Trends of the Carbon Market 2010, Washington DC,
(June 2011, p. 17.

[12]     http://www.treasury.gov.au/lowpollutionfuture/report/downloads/ALPF_report_consolidated.pdf (accessed 4 October 2011).

[13]      Henry Ergas, "Dealing with Climate Change", Crawford School Dialogue: Australia's carbon price: good policy or not?, Australian National University, 5 September, 2011.

Chapter 1 - Inquiry into a carbon tax

[1]        Journals of the Senate, 2010, pp 119-120.

[2] https://www.aph.gov.au/Senate/committee/scrutinynewtaxes_ctte/national_mining_taxes/index.htm.

Chapter 2 - The Australian responses to climate change

[1]        Department of Climate Change, Australia: Part of the Climate problem – Part of the Solution, Fact Sheet – International Climate Change Action: Module 3, p. 1 and Australian Government, Clean Energy Future – Securing a clean energy future: The Australian Government's Climate Change Plan, p. 11.

[2]        Department of Climate Change, Australia: part of the Climate problem – Part of the Solution, Fact Sheet – International Climate Change Action: Module 3, p. 1.

[3]        Australian Government, Clean Energy Future – Securing a clean energy future: The Australian Government's Climate Change Plan, p. 11.

[4]        Australian Government, Clean Energy Future – Securing a clean energy future: The Australian Government's Climate Change Plan, p. 13.

[5]        Australian Government, Clean Energy Future – Securing a clean energy future: The Australian Government's Climate Change Plan, p. 13.

[6]        http://www.climatechange.gov.au/government/international/international-climate-change-negotiations/cancun/overview.aspx (accessed 13 July 2011).

[7]        http://www.climatechange.gov.au/government/international/international-climate-change-negotiations/cancun/overview.aspx (accessed 13 July 2011).

[8]        Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes, Fuel and Energy,
The CPRS: Economic cost without environmental benefit, Interim Report (May 2009), p. 2.

[9]        Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes, Fuel and Energy,
The CPRS: Economic cost without environmental benefit, Interim Report (May 2009), p. 3.

[10]      Clean Energy Future website, http://www.cleanenergyfuture.gov.au/why-we-need-to-act/what-others-are-doing/international-united-nations-negotiations/ (accessed 3 October 2011).

[11]      Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, Strengthening Australia's 2020 carbon pollution target, Fact Sheet, May 2009.

[12]      ABC News, ‘Rudd calls for Copenhagen courage’, 18 November 2009, http://www.abc.net.au/news/2009-11-18/rudd-calls-for-copenhagen-courage/1147556 (accessed 5 October 2011).

[13]      John Vidal, Allegra Stratton and Suzanne Goldenberg, 'Low targets, goals dropped: Copenhagen ends in failure, http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/dec/18/copenhagen-deal (accessed 3 October 2011).

[14]      ABC TV, Q&A, 8 February 2010, http://www.abc.net.au/tv/qanda/txt/s2811552.htm (accessed 5 October 2011),

[15]      World Bank 2011, State and Trends of the Carbon Market 2011, Washington DC, June 2011.

[16]      Michael Levi, ' Beyond Copenhagen', Foreign Affairs, 22 February 2010, http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/65985/michael-levi/beyond-copenhagen?page=2 (accessed 3 October 2011).

[17]      Kenneth G. Lieberthal, 'Climate Change and China's Global Responsibilities', Brookings,        23 December 2009, http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2009/1222_china_climate_lieberthal.aspx    
(accessed 3 October 2011).

[18]      Department of Climate Change, 'Australia welcomes the Copenhagen Accord and urges further action', http://www.climatechange.gov.au/government/international/international-climate-change-negotiations/copenhagen-accord.aspx (accessed 13 July 2011).

[19]      Department of Climate Change, International Pledges on Climate Change Action: the Future, Fact Sheet – International Climate Change Action: Module 2, p. 1.

[20]      Department of Climate Change, International Pledges on Climate Change Action: the Future, Fact Sheet – International Climate Change Action: Module 2, p. 3.

[21]      Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, International Pledges on Climate Change Action: the Future, Fact Sheet – International Climate Change Action: Module 2, p. 4.

[22]      U.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Outlook 2011,
Report Number DOE/EIA-0484 (2011), 19 September 2011, http://www.eia.gov/forecasts/ieo/table17.cfm (accessed 28 September 2011).

[23]      Institute for 21^st Century Energy, Copenhagen Accord by the Numbers, p. 1.

[24]      Institute for 21^st Century Energy, Copenhagen Accord by the Numbers, p. 5.

[25]      Warwick J. McKibbin, Adele C. Morris, Peter J. Wilcoxen, 'Comparing Climate Commitments: A Model-Based Analysis of the Copenhagen Accord', Climate Change Economics, 2011, vol 2, no. 2, p. 90.

[26]      Australian Government, Strong Growth, Low Pollution: Modelling a carbon price, p. 164.

[27]      Australian Government, Australia's Low Pollution Future: The Economics of Climate Change Mitigation, p.31

[28]      Australian Government, Strong Growth, Low Pollution: Modelling a carbon price, p. 164.

[29]      http://www.treasury.gov.au/lowpollutionfuture/report/table_listing.asp, p. 31,
(accessed 4 October 2011).

[30]      http://www.treasury.gov.au/lowpollutionfuture/report/table_listing.asp , p. 116,
(accessed 4 October 2011).

[31]http://www.treasury.gov.au/carbonpricemodelling/content/report/downloads/Modelling_Report_Consolidated_update.pdf, p. 164, (accessed 4 October 2011).

[32]http://www.treasury.gov.au/carbonpricemodelling/content/report/downloads/Modelling_Report_Consolidated_update.pdf, p. 45, (accessed 4 October 2011).

[33]      Australian Government, Clean Energy Future – Securing a clean energy future: The Australian Government's Climate Change Plan, p. 11.

[34]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes and Ms Meghan Quinn, General Manager, Macroeconomic Group, Department of the Treasury, Committee Hansard, 10 August 2011, p. 18.

[35]      Ms Meghan Quinn, Department of the Treasury, House of Representatives Joint Select Committee on Australia's Clean Energy Future Legislation, Proof Committee Hansard, 26 September 2011, p. 6.

[36]      Bloomberg, ‘India Rejects Any Greenhouse-Gas Cuts Under New Climate Treaty’, 30 June 2009, http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aWs0Pts2Kxes

[37]      Source: Institute for 21^st Century Energy, Copenhagen Accord by-the-Numbers, p. 7, http://www.energyxxi.org/reports/CopenhagenAccordbytheNumbers.pdf (accessed          28 September 2011).

[38]      Institute for 21^st Century Energy, Copenhagen Accord by-the-Numbers, p. 3, http://www.energyxxi.org/reports/CopenhagenAccordbytheNumbers.pdf
(accessed 28 September 2011).

[39]      Terry McCrann, 'Why we should be afraid – very afraid- of Julia Gillard's fantasies, The Australian, http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/opinion/why-we-should-be-afraid-very-afraid-of-julia-gillards-fantasies/story-e6frg9if-1226024297693 (accessed 3 October 2011).

[40]      Ed Barnes, 'Collapse of Chicago Climate Exchange means a strategy shift on global warming curbs', Foxnews.com, http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2010/11/09/collapse-chicago-climate-exchange-means-strategy-shift-global-warming-curbs/ (accessed 3 October 2011).

[41]      Terry McCrann, 'Carbon dioxide insanity continues', The Herald Sun, http://www.heraldsun.com.au/business/terry-mccranns-column/carbon-dioxide-insanity-continues/story-e6frfig6-1226122415509 (accessed 3 October 2011).

[42]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes and Ms Meghan Quinn, Department of the Treasury, Committee Hansard, 10 August 2011, p.  14.

[43]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes and Ms Meghan Quinn, Department of the Treasury, Committee Hansard, 10 August 2011, p. 15.

[44]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes and Ms Meghan Quinn, Department of the Treasury, Committee Hansard, 10 August 2011, p. 15.

[45]      Ms Meghan Quinn, Department of the Treasury, House of Representatives Joint Select Committee on Australia's Clean Energy Future Legislation, Joint Committee Hansard,             26 September 2011, p. 6.

[46]      Ms Meghan Quinn, Department of the Treasury, House of Representatives Joint Select Committee on Australia's Clean Energy Future Legislation, Proof Committee Hansard,         26 September 2011, p. 9.

[47]      Ms Meghan Quinn, Department of the Treasury, House of Representatives Joint Select Committee on Australia's Clean Energy Future Legislation, Proof Committee Hansard,         26 September 2011, p. 9.

[48]      Senator Mathias Cormann. Member, House of Representatives Joint Select Committee on Australia's Clean Energy Future Legislation, and Ms Meghan Quinn, Department of the Treasury, Proof Committee Hansard, 26 September 2011, p. 9.

[49]      World Bank 2011, State and Trends of the Carbon Market 2011, Washington DC, May, p. 18.

[50]      Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes, Fuel and Energy,
The CPRS: Economic cost without environmental benefit, Interim Report (May 2009), p. 7.

[51]      Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes, Fuel and Energy,
The CPRS: Economic cost without environmental benefit, Interim Report (May 2009), p. 7.

[52]      Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes, Fuel and Energy,
The CPRS: Economic cost without environmental benefit, Interim Report (May 2009), p. 7.

[53]      Australian Labor Party, A new target for reducing Australia's carbon pollution, media statement, 4 May 2009.

[54]      Department of Climate Change, Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme, http://www.climatechange.gov.au/government/initiatives/cprs.aspx (accessed 6 June 2011) and Department of Climate Change, CPRS Progress, http://www.climatechange.gov.au/government/initiatives/cprs/cprs-progress.aspx
(accessed 6 June 2011).

[55]      Department of Climate Change, Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme, http://www.climatechange.gov.au/government/initiatives/cprs.aspx (accessed 6 June 2011) and Department of Climate Change, CPRS Progress, http://www.climatechange.gov.au/government/initiatives/cprs/cprs-progress.aspx
(accessed 6 June 2011).

[56]      ABC News, Julia Gillard's year in quotes, http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2011/06/24/3252198.htm (accessed 7 June 2011).

[57]      The Hon. Julia Gillard MP, Prime Minister, Channel Ten News, 16 August 2010, http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/julia-gillards-carbon-price-promise/story-fn59niix-1225907522983 (accessed 5 October 2011).

[58]      Paul Kelly and Dennis Shanahan, 'Julia Gillard's carbon price promise', The Australian,               20 August 2010.

[59]      The Hon. Wayne Swan MP, Treasurer, 7:30 Report, ABC, 12 August 2010.

[60]      The Hon. Wayne Swan MP, Treasurer, Meet the Press, Channel Ten, 15 August 2010.

[61]      The Multi-Party Climate Change Committee held its first meeting on Thursday, 7 October 2010 in Canberra.

[62]      Department of Climate Change, Multi-party Climate Change Committee, http://www.climatechange.gov.au/media/whats-new/climate-change-committee.aspx
(accessed 6 June 2011).

[63]      Joint media release, The Hon. Wayne Swan MP, Deputy Prime Minister and Treasurer; the Hon. Martin Ferguson AM MP, Minister for Resources and Energy; the Hon. Tony Burke MP, Minister for Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population & Communities; Senator the Hon. Joe Ludwig, Minister for Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Government to seek business, environment and non-Government organisations' views on climate change, 27 September 2010 http://www.climatechange.gov.au/minister/greg-combet/2010/media-releases/September/mr20100927a.aspx (accessed 6 July 2011).

[64]      Department of Climate Change, Consultation on carbon pricing mechanism, http://www.climatechange.gov.au/media/whats-new/consultation-carbon-pricing.aspx (accessed 6 June 2011).

[65]      Joint media release, the Hon. Julia Gillard MP, Prime Minister and the
Hon. Greg Combet AM MP, Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency,
Climate change framework announced, http://www.pm.gov.au/press-office/climate-change-framework-announced (accessed 7 July 2011).

[66]      Multi-Party Climate Change Committee, Carbon Price Mechanism, 24 February 2011, (http://www.climatechange.gov.au/en/government/initiatives/~/media/publications/mpccc/mpccc-carbon-price-mechanism.pdf) (accessed 31 May 2011).

[67]      Multi-Party Climate Change Committee, Carbon Price Mechanism, 24 February 2011, (http://www.climatechange.gov.au/en/government/initiatives/~/media/publications/mpccc/mpccc-carbon-price-mechanism.pdf) (accessed 31 May 2011).

[68]      Joint Media Release, the Treasurer and Deputy Prime Minister, the Hon Wayne Swan MP and
with the Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, Hon Greg Combet AM MP, 'Clean Energy Future Draft Legislation Released', http://ministers.treasury.gov.au/DisplayDocs.aspx?doc=pressreleases/2011/090.htm&pageID=003&min=wms&Year=&DocType=0 (accessed 19 September 2011).

[69]      The Hon Julia Gillard MP, Prime Minister, House of Representatives Hansard, 13 September 2011, p. 1.

[70]      Parliament of Australia, Joint Select Committee on Australia's Clean Energy Future Legislation: Inquiry into Australia's Clean Energy Future, https://www.aph.gov.au/house/committee/jscacefl/index.htm (accessed 19 September 2011).

[71]      Combet, G. 2011, Legislating for Australia's Clean Energy Future, Media Release,                       13 September, http://climatechange.gov.au/minister/greg-combet/2011/media-releases/September/mr20110913A.aspx

[72]      Mr David Harrison, General Manager, Advocacy, Chamber of Commerce and Industry
Western Australia, Committee Hansard, 29 April 2011, p. 14.

[73]      Dr Martin Parkinson, Secretary to the Treasury, Committee Hansard, 24 March 2011, p. 7.

[74]      Mr Charles McElhone, Chief Executive Officer, National Farmers Federation,
Committee Hansard, 17 May 2011, p. 4.

[75]      Association of Mining and Exploration Companies, Submission 20, p. 1.

[76]      Mr Matthew Harrison, General Manager – Advocacy, Chamber of Commerce and Industry – Western Australia, Committee Hansard, 29 April 2011, p. 14.

[77]      Mr Bill McKenzie, Chairman, Magnetite Network, Committee Hansard, 29 April 2011, p. 60.

Chapter 3 -  The carbon tax the Prime Minister promised we wouldn’t have

[1]        Prime Minister of Australia, the Hon. Julia Gillard MP, Address to the nation, http://www.pm.gov.au/press-office/transcript-address-nation (accessed 11 July 2011).

[2]        Joint media release, the Hon. Julia Gillard MP, Prime Minister, the Hon. Wayne Swan MP, Deputy Prime Minister and Treasurer and the Hon. Greg Combet AM MP, Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, Putting a price on carbon pollution’, http://www.pm.gov.au/press-office/putting-price-carbon-pollution (accessed 10 July 2011).

[3]        Joint media release, the Hon. Julia Gillard MP, Prime Minister, the Hon. Wayne Swan MP, Deputy Prime Minister and Treasurer and the Hon. Greg Combet AM MP, Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, 'Putting a price on carbon pollution', http://www.pm.gov.au/press-office/putting-price-carbon-pollution (accessed 10 July 2011).

[4]        Joint media release, the Hon. Julia Gillard MP, Prime Minister, the Hon. Wayne Swan MP, Deputy Prime Minister and Treasurer and the Hon. Greg Combet AM MP, Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, 'Putting a price on carbon pollution', http://www.pm.gov.au/press-office/putting-price-carbon-pollution (accessed 10 July 2011).

[5]        Clean Energy Bill 2011, Explanatory Memorandum, p. 41.

[6]        Australian Government, Clean Energy Future - Securing a clean energy future: The Australian Government's Climate Change Plan, pp 106 and 105.

[7]        Clean Energy Bill 2011, Carbon Units Part 4: Property in, and transfer of, carbon units: Division 3, section 103.

[8]        Remarks attributed to the Hon. Mark Dreyfus QC MP, Parliamentary Secretary for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, cited in an article by Professor Henry Ergas, 'Labor plants poison pills in carbon tax', The Australian, 16 September 2011, p. 12.

[9]        Professor Henry Ergas, 'Labor plants poison pills in carbon tax', The Australian,
16 September 2011p. 12.

[10]      Professor Henry Ergas, ' Labor plants poison pills in carbon tax', The Australian,
16 September 2011, p. 12.

[11]      Senator Ron Boswell, participating Senator, Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of
New Taxes and Mr Tasos Sakellaris, Assistant Secretary, Carbon Price Legislation Branch, Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency and Dr Steven Kennedy, Deputy Secretary, Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, Proof Committee Hansard,
16 September 2011, p. 20.

[12]      Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency response to a Question on Notice taken at the public hearing on 16 September 2011. 

[13]      Australian Government, Securing A Clean Energy Future Website, Carbon Pricing, http://www.cleanenergyfuture.gov.au/clean-energy-future/carbon-price/#content02
(accessed 10 July 2011).

[14]      Australian Government, Securing A Clean Energy Future Website, Carbon Pricing, http://www.cleanenergyfuture.gov.au/clean-energy-future/carbon-price/#content01, (accessed 10 July 2011).

[15]      Australian Government, Clean Energy Future - Securing a clean energy future: The Australian Government's Climate Change Plan, p. 28.

[16]      Joint media release, the Hon. Julia Gillard MP, Prime Minister, the Hon. Wayne Swan MP, Deputy Prime Minister and Treasurer and the Hon. Greg Combet AM MP, Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, 'Putting a price on carbon pollution’, http://www.pm.gov.au/press-office/putting-price-carbon-pollution, (accessed 10 July 2011).

[17]      Australian Government, 500 biggest polluting companies, http://www.cleanenergyfuture.gov.au/500-companies/ (accessed on 16 August 2011).

[18]      Source: https://www.aph.gov.au/library/pubs/climatechange/CarbonPricing/Companies.htm (accessed 18 July 2011). 

[19]      Australian Government, Clean Energy Future - Securing a clean energy future: The Australian Government's Climate Change Plan, p. 104.

[20]      Australian Government, Clean Energy Future - Securing a clean energy future: The Australian Government's Climate Change Plan, p. 104.

[21]      Australian Government, Clean Energy Future - Securing a clean energy future: The Australian Government's Climate Change Plan, pp 105-106.

[22]      Australian Government, Securing A Clean Energy Future Website, Carbon Pricing, http://www.cleanenergyfuture.gov.au/clean-energy-future/carbon-price/#content02
(accessed 10 July 2011).

[23]      Australian Government, 500 biggest polluting companies, http://www.cleanenergyfuture.gov.au/500-companies/ (accessed 16 August 2011).

[24]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on New Taxes, Senator John Williams and Mr Blair Comley, Secretary, Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, Committee Hansard, 10 August 2011, p. 42.

[25]      Senator Ron Boswell, participating Senator, Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of
New Taxes and Mr Rob Heferen, Executive Director, Department of the Treasury, Committee Hansard, 23 September 2011, p. 23.

[26]      Clean Energy Bill 2011, Carbon pollution cap: Part 2, sections 17 and 18.

[27]      Clean Energy Bill 2011, Explanatory Memorandum, pp 109-110.

[28]      Professor Henry Ergas, 'Labor plants poison pills in carbon tax', The Australian,
16 September 2011, p. 12.

[29]      Clean Energy Bill 2011, Explanatory Memorandum, p. 107.

[30]      Clean Energy Bill 2011, Explanatory Memorandum, p. 106.

[31]      Australian Constitution, section 53.

[32]    http://www.treasury.gov.au/carbonpricemodelling/content/report/downloads/Modelling_Report_Consolidated_update.pdf, p. 1 (accessed 4 October 2011).

[33]      Australian Government, Clean Energy Future - Securing a clean energy future: The Australian Government's Climate Change Plan, p. xi.

[34]      Australian Government, Clean Energy Future - Securing a clean energy future: The Australian Government's Climate Change Plan, p. xi.

[35]      Australian Government, Clean Energy Future Plan, Chapter Three – Putting a price on carbon (Figure 3.3), http://www.cleanenergyfuture.gov.au/clean-energy-future/securing-a-clean-energy-future/#content04, (accessed 10 July 2011).

[36]      Joint Press Conference by the Hon. David Bradbury MP, Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasurer and Mr Peter Kell, Deputy Chair of the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission and Member of Enforcement Committee, Press Conference – Melbourne,
13 July 2011, http://ministers.treasury.gov.au/DisplayDocs.aspx?doc=transcripts/2011/103.htm&pageID=004&min=wms&Year=&DocType (accessed 13 July 2011).

[37]      Australian Government, Clean Energy Future - Securing a clean energy future: The Australian Government's Climate Change Plan, p. 122.

[38]      Australian Government, Clean Energy Future - Securing a clean energy future: The Australian Government's Climate Change Plan, p. 121.

[39]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair of the Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes and Mrs Luise McCulloch, General Manager, Industry, Environment and Defence Division, Department of the Treasury, Committee Hansard, 10 August 2010, p. 8.

[40]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair of the Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes and Mrs Luise McCulloch, Department of the Treasury, Committee Hansard, 10 August 2010, p. 8.

[41]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair of the Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes and Mrs Luise McCulloch, Department of the Treasury, Committee Hansard, 10 August 2010, p. 8.

[42]      Department of the Treasury, reply to Question on Notice taken at the public hearing on 10 August 2011.

[43]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair of the Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes and Mrs Luise McCulloch, Department of the Treasury, Committee Hansard, 10 August 2010, p. 8.

[44]      Department of the Treasury, reply to Question on Notice taken at the public hearing on 10 August 2011.

[45]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair of the Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes and Mrs Luise McCulloch, Department of the Treasury, Committee Hansard, 10 August 2010, p. 9.

[46]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair of the Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes and Mrs Luise McCulloch, Department of the Treasury, Committee Hansard, 10 August 2010, p. 9.

[47]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair of the Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes and Mrs Luise McCulloch, Department of the Treasury, Committee Hansard, 10 August 2010, p. 9.

[48]      Department of the Treasury, reply to Question on Notice taken at the public hearing on 10 August 2011.

[49]      The Hon. Greg Combet AM MP, Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, Climate change public information campaign, Media Release, 16 June 2011 http://www.climatechange.gov.au/minister/greg-combet/2011/media-releases/June/mr20110616.aspx  (accessed 18 August 2011).

[50]      Ross Peake, 'Gillard, Abbott in campaign cost debate', Canberra Times, 18 July 2011, p. 3.

[51]      Joint media release, the Hon. Julia Gillard MP, Prime Minister, the Hon. Wayne Swan MP, Deputy Prime Minister and Treasurer, the Hon. Jenny Macklin MP, Minister for Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs and the Hon. Greg Combet AM MP, Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, ‘Assistance for nine out of ten Australian households’, http://www.pm.gov.au/press-office/assistance-nine-out-ten-australian-households, (accessed 10 July 2011).

[52]      Joint media release, the Hon. Julia Gillard MP, Prime Minister, the Hon. Wayne Swan MP, Deputy Prime Minister and Treasurer,  the Hon. Jenny Macklin MP, Minister for Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs and the Hon. Greg Combet AM MP, Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, ‘Assistance for nine out of ten Australian households’, http://www.pm.gov.au/press-office/assistance-nine-out-ten-australian-households, (accessed 10 July 2011).

[53]      Joint media release, the Hon. Julia Gillard MP, Prime Minister, the Hon. Wayne Swan MP, Deputy Prime Minister and Treasurer, the Hon. Jenny Macklin MP, Minister for Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs and the Hon. Greg Combet AM MP, Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, ‘Assistance for nine out of ten Australian households’, http://www.pm.gov.au/press-office/assistance-nine-out-ten-australian-households, (accessed 10 July 2011).

[54]      Joint media release, the Hon. Julia Gillard MP, Prime Minister, the Hon. Wayne Swan MP, Deputy Prime Minister and Treasurer,  the Hon. Jenny Macklin MP, Minister for Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs and the Hon. Greg Combet AM MP, Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, ‘Assistance for nine out of ten Australian households’, http://www.pm.gov.au/press-office/assistance-nine-out-ten-australian-households, (accessed 10 July 2011).

[55]      Joint media release, the Hon. Julia Gillard MP, Prime Minister, the Hon. Wayne Swan MP, Deputy Prime Minister and Treasurer,  Minister for Families, the Hon. Jenny Macklin MP, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs and the Hon. Greg Combet AM MP, Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, ‘Assistance for nine out of ten Australian households’, http://www.pm.gov.au/press-office/assistance-nine-out-ten-australian-households, (accessed 10 July 2011).

[56]      Joint media release, the Hon. Julia Gillard MP, Prime Minister, the Hon. Wayne Swan MP, Deputy Prime Minister and Treasurer,  the Hon. Jenny Macklin MP, Minister for Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs and the Hon. Greg Combet AM MP, Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, ‘Assistance for nine out of ten Australian households’, http://www.pm.gov.au/press-office/assistance-nine-out-ten-australian-households, (accessed 10 July 2011).

[57]      Joint media release, the Hon. Julia Gillard MP, Prime Minister, the Hon. Wayne Swan MP, Deputy Prime Minister and Treasurer, the Hon. Jenny Macklin MP, Minister for Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, and the Hon. Greg Combet AM MP, Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, ‘Assistance for nine out of ten Australian households’, http://www.pm.gov.au/press-office/assistance-nine-out-ten-australian-households, (accessed on 10 July 2011).

[58]      Joint media release, the Hon. Julia Gillard MP, Prime Minister, the Hon. Wayne Swan MP, Deputy Prime Minister and Treasurer,  the Hon. Jenny Macklin MP, Minister for Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs and the Hon. Greg Combet AM MP, Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, ‘Assistance for nine out of ten Australian households’, http://www.pm.gov.au/press-office/assistance-nine-out-ten-australian-households, (accessed on 10 July 2011).

[59]      Clean Energy Bill 2011, Explanatory Memorandum, p. 41.

[60]      Australian Government, Clean Energy Future - Securing a clean energy future: The Australian Government's Climate Change Plan, p. 107.

[61]      Australian Government, Clean Energy Factsheet – Supporting Jobs and Industry, http://www.cleanenergyfuture.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/012-FS-Supporting-jobs-and-industry.pdf, (accessed 10 July 1011).

[62]      Australian Government, Clean Energy Factsheet – Supporting Jobs and Industry, http://www.cleanenergyfuture.gov.au/clean-energy-future/securing-a-clean-energy-future/#content06, (accessed 5 October 1011).

[63]      Clean Energy Bill 2011, Explanatory Memorandum, p. 42.

[64]      Australian Government, Clean Energy Future - Securing a clean energy future: The Australian Government's Climate Change Plan, p. 54.

[65]      Australian Government, Clean Energy Factsheet – Supporting Jobs and Industry, http://www.cleanenergyfuture.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/012-FS-Supporting-jobs-and-industry.pdf, (accessed 10 July 1011).

[66]      Australian Government, Clean Energy Future - Securing a clean energy future: The Australian Government's Climate Change Plan, p. 55.

[67]      Australian Government, Clean Energy Factsheet – Supporting Jobs and Industry, http://www.cleanenergyfuture.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/012-FS-Supporting-jobs-and-industry.pdf, (accessed 10 July 1011).

[68]      Clean Energy Bill 2011, Explanatory Memorandum, p. 41. 

[69]      Australian Government, Clean Energy Future - Securing a clean energy future: The Australian Government's Climate Change Plan, p. 55.

[70]      Australian Government, Clean Energy Factsheet – Supporting Jobs and Industry, http://www.cleanenergyfuture.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/012-FS-Supporting-jobs-and-industry.pdf, (accessed 10 July 1011).

[71]      Australian Government, Clean Energy Future - Securing a clean energy future: The Australian Government's Climate Change Plan, p. 133.

[72]      Australian Government, Clean Energy Factsheet – Supporting Jobs and Industry, http://www.cleanenergyfuture.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/012-FS-Supporting-jobs-and-industry.pdf, (accessed 10 July 1011).

[73]      Australian Government, Clean Energy Factsheet – Supporting Jobs and Industry, http://www.cleanenergyfuture.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/012-FS-Supporting-jobs-and-industry.pdf, (accessed 14 September 2011).

[74]      Clean Energy Bill 2011, Explanatory Memorandum, p. 42.

[75]      Australian Government, Clean Energy Factsheet – Supporting Jobs and Industry, http://www.cleanenergyfuture.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/012-FS-Supporting-jobs-and-industry.pdf, (accessed 10 July 1011).

[76]      Clean Energy Bill, Explanatory Memorandum, p. 42.

[77]      Australian Government, Clean Energy Factsheet – Supporting Jobs and Industry, http://www.cleanenergyfuture.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/012-FS-Supporting-jobs-and-industry.pdf, (accessed 10 July 1011).

[78]      Australian Government, Clean Energy Future - Securing a clean energy future: The Australian Government's Climate Change Plan, pp 134–135 and Clean Energy Bill, Explanatory Memorandum, p. 42.

[79]      Australian Government, Clean Energy Factsheet – Supporting Jobs and Industry, http://www.cleanenergyfuture.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/012-FS-Supporting-jobs-and-industry.pdf, (accessed 10 July 1011).

[80]      Australian Government, Clean Energy Future - Securing a clean energy future: The Australian Government's Climate Change Plan, p. 133.

[81]      Australian Government, Clean Energy Future - Securing a clean energy future: The Australian Government's Climate Change Plan, p. 133.

[82]      Clean Energy Bill, Explanatory Memorandum, p. 42.

[83]      Australian Government, Clean Energy Future - Securing a clean energy future: The Australian Government's Climate Change Plan, p. 74.

[84]      Mrs Luise McCullough, Department of the Treasury, Committee Hansard, 10 August 2011, pp 3‑4.

[85]      Clean Energy Bill 2011, Explanatory Memorandum, p. 41.

[86]      Clean Energy Bill 2011, Explanatory Memorandum, p. 41.

[87]      Joint Press Conference by the Hon. David Bradbury MP, Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasurer and Mr Peter Kell, Deputy Chair of the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission and Member of Enforcement Committee, Press Conference – Melbourne,
13 July 2011  http://ministers.treasury.gov.au/DisplayDocs.aspx?doc=transcripts/2011/103.htm&pageID=004&min=wms&Year=&DocType, (accessed 13 July 2011).

[88]      The Hon. Greg Combet AM MP, Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency,'Climate change public information campaign', Media Release, 16 June 2011 http://www.climatechange.gov.au/minister/greg-combet/2011/media-releases/June/mr20110616.aspx, (accessed 18 August 2011).

[89]       Clean Energy Bill 2011, Explanatory Memorandum, p. 42.

[90]       Clean Energy Bill 2011, Explanatory Memorandum, p. 42.

[91]       Clean Energy Bill 2011, Explanatory Memorandum, p. 42.

[92]      Clean Energy Bill 2011, Explanatory Memorandum, pp  41 – 42 and paras: 3.95 – 3.99 of this Report.

[93]      Clean Energy Bill 2011, Explanatory Memorandum, pp  41 – 42 and paras: 3.95 – 3.99 of this Report.

Chapter 4 - Australia's future prosperity exposed

[1]        Australian Government, Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme: Australia's Low Pollution Future White Paper Glossary, December 2008, p. 16.

[2]        Professor Ross Garnaut, Garnaut Climate Change Review: Final Report, October 2008, p. 230.

[3]        Professor Ross Garnaut, Garnaut Climate Change Review: Final Report, October 2008, p. 316.

[4]        Grattan Institute, Submission 26, Attachment 1, p. 10.

[5]        Minerals Council of Australia, Submission 57, p. 24.

[6]        Minerals Council of Australia, Submission 57, p. 24.

[7]        Mr Ralph Hillman, Executive Director, Australian Coal Association, Committee Hansard,
9 June 2011, p. 39.

[8]        Mr Ralph Hillman, Australian Coal Association, Committee Hansard, 9 June 2011, p. 39.

[9]        Mr Ralph Hillman, Australian Coal Association, Committee Hansard, 9 June 2011, p. 39.

[10]      Mr Ralph Hillman, Australian Coal Association, Committee Hansard, 9 June 2011, p. 39.

[11]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes and Mr Ralph Hillman, Australian Coal Association, Committee Hansard, 9 June 2011, p. 43.

[12]      Mr Anthony Barlow, Head of Resource Development and Operational Excellence, Anglo American Metallurgical Coal Pty Ltd, Committee Hansard, 1 September 2011, p. 40.

[13]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes and Mr Nicholas Barlow, Anglo American Metallurgical Coal Pty Ltd, Committee Hansard, 1 September 2011, p. 40.

[14]      Mr David Peevers, Rio Tinto Australia Manager, stand alone reported comments in Perry Williams, Andrew Cleary and David Crowe, 'Carbon tax triggers price rises', Australian Financial Review, 12 July 2011, p. 12.

[15]      Minerals Council of Australia, Submission 57, p. 25.

[16]      Minerals Council of Australia Gold Forum, Supplementary Submission 57A, p. 3.

[17]      Minerals Council of Australia Gold Forum, Supplementary Submission 57A, p. 3.

[18]      Minerals Council of Australia Gold Forum, Supplementary Submission 57A, p. 3.

[19]      Minerals Council of Australia Gold Forum, Supplementary Submission 57A, p. 3.

[20]      Minerals Council of Australia Gold Forum, Supplementary Submission 57A, p. 3.

[21]      Minerals Council of Australia Gold Forum, Supplementary Submission 57A, p. 3.

[22]      Minerals Council of Australia Gold Forum, Supplementary Submission 57A, p. 4.

[23]      Minerals Council of Australia Gold Forum, Supplementary Submission 57A, p. 4.

[24]      Magnetite Network presentation to the Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes, 29 April 2011.

[25]      Mr Simon Corrigan, Member, Magnetite Network, Committee Hansard, 29 April 2011, p. 56.

[26]      Mr Simon Corrigan, Member, Magnetite Network, Committee Hansard, 29 April 2011, p. 57.

[27]      Media release, Minerals Council of Australia, Carbon tax package, 10 July 2011.

[28]      Media release, Minerals Council of Australia, Carbon tax package, 10 July 2011.

[29]      Media release, Minerals Council of Australia, Carbon tax package, 10 July 2011.

[30]      Media release, Minerals Council of Australia, Carbon tax package, 10 July 2011.

[31]      Media release, Minerals Council of Australia, Carbon tax package, 10 July 2011.

[32]      Ms Gina Rinehart, Executive Chairman of Hancock Prospecting, stand alone reported comments in Perry Williams, Andrew Cleary and David Crowe, 'Carbon tax triggers price rises' Australian Financial Review, 12 July 2011, p. 12.

[33]      Mr Trefor Flood, General Manager, Queensland Nickel Pty Ltd, Committee Hansard,
5 August 2011, p. 35.

[34]      Mr Trefor Flood, Queensland Nickel Pty Ltd, Committee Hansard, 5 August 2011, p. 35.

[35]      Mr Trefor Flood, Queensland Nickel Pty Ltd, Committee Hansard, 5 August 2011, p. 37.

[36]      Mr Trefor Flood, Queensland Nickel Pty Ltd, Committee Hansard, 5 August 2011, p. 35.

[37]      Mr Trefor Flood, Queensland Nickel Pty Ltd, Committee Hansard, 5 August 2011, p. 35.

[38]      Mr Trefor Flood, Queensland Nickel Pty Ltd, Committee Hansard, 5 August 2011, p. 36.

[39]      Source: http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-09-23/copper-drops-to-lowest-in-a-year-as-nickel-tin-plunge-on-recession-threat.html & http://www.abc.net.au/rural/news/content/201109/s3326709.htm (accessed 3 October 2011).

[40]      Minerals Council of Australia Gold Forum, Submission, August 2011, p.18.

[41]      Minerals Council of Australia Gold Forum, Submission, August 2011, p. 18.

[42]      Minerals Council of Australia Gold Forum, Submission, August 2011, p. 18.

[43]      Ms Belinda Robinson, Chief Executive Officer, Australian Petroleum and Production Exploration Association, Committee Hansard, 9 June 2011, p. 17.

[44]      Ms Belinda Robinson, Australian Petroleum and Production Exploration Association, Committee Hansard, 9 June 2011, p. 18.

[45]      Ms Belinda Robinson, Australian Petroleum and Production Exploration Association, Committee Hansard, 9 June 2011, p. 11.

[46]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes and Ms Belinda Robinson, Australian Petroleum and Production Exploration Association, Committee Hansard, 9 June 2011, p. 13.

[47]      Media Release, Australian Petroleum and Production Exploration Association, 2009 re-run will not reduce emission where most needed, http://www.appea.com.au/images/stories/media/110710_2009%20re-run%20will%20not%20reduce%20emissions%20where%20most%20needed.pdf
(accessed 12 July 2011).

[48]      Media Release, Australian Petroleum and Production Exploration Association, 2009 re-run will not reduce emission where most needed, http://www.appea.com.au/images/stories/media/110710_2009%20re-run%20will%20not%20reduce%20emissions%20where%20most%20needed.pdf
(accessed 12 July 2011).

[49]      Mr Grant King, Managing Director of Origin Energy, stand alone reported comments in the Australian Financial Review, 12 July 2011, p. 12.

[50]      Media Release, Australian Petroleum and Production Exploration Association, 2009 re-run will not reduce emission where most needed, http://www.appea.com.au/images/stories/media/110710_2009%20re-run%20will%20not%20reduce%20emissions%20where%20most%20needed.pdf
(accessed 12 July 2011).

[51]      Mr Brendan Pearson, Deputy Chief Executive, Minerals Council of Australia, Proof Committee Hansard, Joint Select Committee on Australia's Clean Energy Future Legislation, 27 September 2011, p. 71.

[52]      Mr Tim McAulifffe, General Manager – Climate Strategy and Federal Government Relations, Alcoa of Australia, Committee Hansard, 29 April 2011, p. 18.

[53]      Mr Miles Prosser, Executive Director, Australian Aluminium Council, Committee Hansard,
17 May 2011, p. 18.

[54]      Mr Miles Prosser, Australian Aluminium Council, Committee Hansard, 17 May 2011, p. 18.

[55]      Mr Miles Prosser, Australian Aluminium Council, Committee Hansard, 17 May 2011,
pp 20–21.

[56]      Projections of the impact of a carbon price (4 graphs), tabled by Mr Miles Prosser, Executive Director of the Australian Aluminium Council, at a public hearing in Canberra on 17 May 2011

[57]      Mr Tim McAulifffe, General Manager – Climate Strategy and Federal Government Relations, Alcoa of Australia, Committee Hansard, 29 April 2011, p. 22.

[58]      Mr Miles Prosser, Australian Aluminium Council, Committee Hansard, 17 May 2011, p. 24.

[59]      Media release, Aluminium Council of Australia, 'Government locks in cost blow-out for Australian Aluminium producers', 10 July 2011.

[60]      Media release, Aluminium Council of Australia, 'Government locks in cost blow-out for Australian Aluminium producers', 10 July 2011.

[61]      Media release, Aluminium Council of Australia, 'Government locks in cost low-out for Australian Aluminium producers', 10 July 2011.

[62]      Media release, Aluminium Council of Australia, 'Government locks in cost blow-out for Australian Aluminium producers', 10 July 2011.

[63]      Media release, Aluminium Council of Australia, 'Government locks in cost blow-out for Australian Aluminium producers', 10 July 2011.

[64]      Boulder Steel, Submission 70, p. 2.

[65]      Boulder Steel, Submission 70, p. 2.

[66]      Boulder Steel, Submission 70, p. 2.

[67]      Boulder Steel, Submission 70, p. 2.

[68]      Boulder Steel, Submission 70, p. 2.

[69]      Boulder Steel, Submission 70, p. 2.

[70]      Boulder Steel, Submission 70, p. 2.

[71]      Boulder Steel, Submission 70, p. 2.

[72]      Boulder Steel, Submission 70, p. 2.

[73]      Boulder Steel, Submission 70, p. 2.

[74]      Mr Andrew McKellar, Chief Executive, Federal Chamber of Automotive Industries,
Committee Hansard, 17 May 2011, p. 58.

[75]      Mr Andrew McKellar, Federal Chamber of Automotive Industries, and Mr Richard Reilly, Chief Executive Officer, Federation of Automotive Products Manufacturers, Committee Hansard, 17 May 2011, p. 59.

[76]      Mr Tim Reardon, Director, Federal Chamber of Automotive Industries, Committee Hansard,    1 September 2011, p. 60.

[77]      Mr Andrew McKellar, Federal Chamber of Automotive Industries, Committee Hansard,         17 May 2011, p. 58.

[78]      Mr Andrew McKellar, Federal Chamber of Automotive Industries, Committee Hansard,         17 May 2011, p. 58.

[79]      Mr Richard Reilly, Federation of Automotive Products Manufacturers, Committee Hansard,   17 May 2011, p. 59.

[80]      Mr Tim Reardon, Federal Chamber of Automotive Industries, Committee Hansard,           1 September 2011, pp 62–63.

[81]      Cement Industry Federation, Submission 33, p. 2.

[82]      Mr Chris Leon, Chair, Cement Industry Federation, Committee Hansard, 8 June 2010, p. 9.

[83]      Cement Industry Federation, Submission 33, p. 2.

[84]      The Grattan Institute, Submission 26, Attachment 1, p. 19.

[85]      Cement Industry Federation, Submission 33, p. 5.

[86]      Cement Industry Federation, Submission 33, p. 5.

[87]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes and Mr Chris Leon, Cement Industry Federation, Committee Hansard, 8 June 2011, p. 9.

[88]      National Farmers Federation website: http://www.nff.org.au/farm-facts.html
(accessed 31 May 2011).

[89]      National Farmers Federation website: http://www.nff.org.au/farm-facts.html
(accessed 31 May 2011).

[90]      Mr Matthew Linnegar, Chief Executive Officer, National Farmers Federation,
Committee Hansard, 17 May 2011, p. 1.

[91]      Mr Matthew Linnegar, National Farmers Federation, Committee Hansard, 17 May 2011, p. 1.

[92]      Mr Charles McElhone, Chief Executive Officer, National Farmers Federation,
Committee Hansard, 17 May 2011, p. 2.

[93]      Mr Matthew Linnegar, National Farmers Federation, Committee Hansard, 17 May 2011, p. 1.

[94]      Media Release, National Farmers Federation, Carbon concessions: but still a cost for Australian farmers, http://www.nff.org.au/read/2135/carbon-concessions-still-cost-for-australian.html (accessed 12 July 2011).

[95]      Media Release, National Farmers Federation, Carbon concessions: but still a cost for Australian farmers, http://www.nff.org.au/read/2135/carbon-concessions-still-cost-for-australian.html (accessed 12 July 2011).

[96]      Media Release, National Farmers Federation, Carbon concessions: but still a cost for Australian farmers, http://www.nff.org.au/read/2135/carbon-concessions-still-cost-for-australian.html (accessed 12 July 2011).

[97]      Australian Dairy Industry Council Inc, Submissions 49 and 94, p. 2.

[98]      Australian Dairy Industry Council Inc, Submission 94, p. 2.

[99]      Australian Dairy Industry Council Inc, Submission 49, p. 2.

[100]    Australian Dairy Industry Council Inc, Submission 49, p. 3.

[101]    Australian Dairy Industry Council Inc, Submission 94, p. 5.

[102]    Dr Martin Parkinson, Secretary, Department of the Treasury, Committee Hansard, 24 March 2011, p. 3.

Chapter 5 - The energy sector under the carbon tax

[1]        Australian Government, Securing a clean energy future: The Australian Government's climate change plan, 2011, Foreword, p. v.

[2]        Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism, Energy in Australia, 2011, p. 1.

[3]        Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism, Energy in Australia, 2011, p. 1.

[4]        Australian Government, Securing a clean energy future: The Australian Government's climate change plan, 2011, p. 72.

[5]        Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism, Energy in Australia, 2011, p. 1.

[6]        Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism, Energy in Australia, 2011, p. 1.

[7]        Mr Brad Page, Chief Executive Officer, Energy Supply Association of Australia,       Committee Hansard, 8 June 2011, p. 1.

[8]        Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism, Energy in Australia, 2011, p. 2.

[9]        Senate Select Committee on Fuel and Energy, The CPRS: Economic cost without environmental benefit, May 2009, p. 132.

[10]      Mr Brad Page, Chief Executive Officer, Energy Supply Association of Australia, Committee Hansard, 8 June 2011, p. 1.

[11]      Australian Government, Securing a clean energy future: The Australian Government's climate change plan, 2011, p. 72.

[12]      Australian Government, Securing a clean energy future: The Australian Government's climate change plan, 2011, p. 72.

[13]      Australian Government, Securing a clean energy future: The Australian Government's climate change plan, 2011, p. 13.

[14]      Australian Government, Securing a clean energy future: The Australian Government's climate change plan, 2011, p. 13.

[15]      Department of the Treasury, Strong growth, low pollution - modelling a carbon price, 2011,    p. 82.

[16]      Australian Government, Securing a clean energy future: The Australian Government's climate change plan, 2011, p. 74.

[17]      Australian Government, Securing a clean energy future: The Australian Government's climate change plan, 2011, p. 74.

[18]      Joint Media Release, the Hon. Martin Ferguson, AM MP, Minister for Resources, Energy and Tourism and the Hon. Greg Combet, AM MP, Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, 'Expressions of Interest Called for Contract to Close', 30 September 2011,  http://minister.ret.gov.au/MediaCentre/MediaReleases/Pages/ExpressionsofInterestCalledforContracttoClose.aspx (accessed 5 October 2011).

[19]      Australian Government, Securing a clean energy future: The Australian Government's climate change plan, 2011, p. 74.

[20]      Australian Government, Securing a clean energy future: The Australian Government's climate change plan, 2011, pp 74-75.

[21]      Australian Government, Securing a clean energy future: The Australian Government's climate change plan, 2011, p. 75.

[22]      Adam Morton and Michelle Grattan, 'Death-knell for 'dirty' Hazelwood', The Age, 1 July 2011, http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/deathknell-for-dirty-hazelwood-20110630-1gt7t.html, (accessed 12 July 2011).

[23]      Australian Greens, The transformation from coal to renewable energy starts today, media release, 10 July 2011, http://greens.org.au/content/transformation-coal-renewable-energy-starts-today, (accessed 14 July 2011).

[24]      National Generators Forum, Submission 122, at http://www.climatechange.gov.au/government/submissions/clean-energy-legislative-package/~/media/government/submissions/cel/public/CEL-Submission-NationalGeneratorsForum-20110922-PDF.pdf (accessed 22 September 2011).

[25]      National Generators Forum, Submission 122 on the Clean Energy Legislative Package, p. 5.

[26]      National Generators Forum, Submission 122 on the Clean Energy Legislative Package, p. 6.

[27]      Australian Government, Securing a clean energy future: The Australian Government's climate change plan, 2011, p. 74.

[28]      Australian Government, Securing a clean energy future: The Australian Government's climate change plan, 2011, p. 75.

[29]      Australian Government, Securing a clean energy future: The Australian Government's climate change plan, 2011, p. 75.

[30]      Mr Kenneth Thompson, Executive General Manager, Loy Yang Power, Committee Hansard, 16 September 2011, p. 24.

[31]      Mr Kenneth Thompson, Loy Yang Power, Committee Hansard, 16 September 2011, p. 27.

[32]      Loy Yang Power, Submission 98, p. 2.

[33]      Mr Kenneth Thompson, Loy Yang Power, Committee Hansard, 16 September 2011, p. 24.

[34]      Australian Government, Securing a clean energy future: The Australian Government's climate change plan, 2011, p. 75.

[35]      Australian Government, Securing a clean energy future: The Australian Government's climate change plan, 2011, p. 75.

[36]      Jonathan Shapiro, 'Power station refinancing risk persists', The Australian Financial Review,  13 July 2011, p. 11.

[37]      Australian Government, Securing a clean energy future: The Australian Government's climate change plan, 2011, p. 75.

[38]      Lenore Taylor and Phillip Coorey, 'Carbon tax on coal hits NSW coffers hard', Sydney Morning Herald, 12 July 2011, http://www.smh.com.au/environment/climate-change/carbon-tax-on-coal-hits-nsw-coffers-hard-20110711-1hax7.html, (accessed 12 July 2011).

[39]      Lenore Taylor and Phillip Coorey, 'Carbon tax on coal hits NSW coffers hard', Sydney Morning Herald, 12 July 2011, http://www.smh.com.au/environment/climate-change/carbon-tax-on-coal-hits-nsw-coffers-hard-20110711-1hax7.html, (accessed 12 July 2011).

[40]      Mr Russell Skelton, Chief Executive Officer, Macquarie Generation, Committee Hansard,
22 July 2011, p. 1.

[41]      New South Wales Treasury, Submission 81, p. 14. 

[42]      Josh Gordon and Tom Arup, ' Victorian power firms to get 97% of carbon compo', The Age,
19 July 2011, http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/victorian-power-firms-to-get-97-of-carbon-compo-20110718-1hlr8.html (accessed 16 August 2011).

[43]      Energy Supply Association of Australia, Mixed news for the energy sector in the carbon price package, media release, 10 July 2011.

[44]      Energy Supply Association of Australia, Mixed news for the energy sector in the carbon price package, media release, 10 July 2011.

[45]      Energy Supply Association of Australia, Mixed news for the energy sector in the carbon price package, media release, 10 July 2011.

[46]      Energy Supply Association of Australia, Submission 60, p. 11.

[47]      Annabel Hepworth, 'Coal-fired compo to leave us exposed, energy users warn', The Australian, http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/carbon-plan/coal-fired-compo-to-leave-us-exposed-energy-users-warn/story-fn99tjf2-1226091028358, (accessed 13 July 2011).

[48]      Letter from National Generators Forum to all Members of Parliament, 15 September 2011, and Submission 122 on the Clean Energy Legislative Package.

[49]      Letter from National Generators Forum to all Members of Parliament, 15 September 2011.

[50]      Energy Users Association of Australia, Carbon price announcement and energy consumers, media release 07/11, 10 July 2011.

[51]      Energy Users Association of Australia, Carbon price announcement and energy consumers, media release 07/11, 10 July 2011.

[52]      Energy Users Association of Australia, Carbon price announcement and energy consumers, media release 07/11, 10 July 2011.

[53]      Mr Russell Skelton, Chief Executive, Macquarie Generation, Committee Hansard,                       22 July 2011, p. 2.

[54]      Ms Shirley In't Veld, Managing Director, Verge Energy, Committee Hansard, 29 April 2011,  p. 1.

[55]      Ms Shirley In't Veld, Verge Energy, Committee Hansard, 29 April 2011,  p. 4.

[56]      Mr Russell Skelton, Macquarie Generation, Committee Hansard, 22 July 2011, p. 1.

[57]      Ms Shirley In't Veld, Verge Energy, Committee Hansard, 29 April 2011,  p. 1.

[58]      Ms Shirley In't Veld, Verge Energy, Committee Hansard, 29 April 2011,  p. 2.

[59]      Ms Shirley In't Veld, Verge Energy, Committee Hansard, 29 April 2011,   p. 1.

[60]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes and Ms Shirley In't Veld, Verve Energy, Committee Hansard, 29 April 2011,  p. 2.

[61]      Mr Kenneth Thompson, Loy Yang Power, Committee Hansard, 16 September 2011, p. 24.

[62]      Loy Yang Power, Submission 98, p. 2.

[63]      Mark Ludlow, 'Carbon debate lifts debt costs: economist', Australian Financial Review,          20 September 2011, p. 7.

[64]      Mark Ludlow, 'Carbon debate lifts debt costs: economist', Australian Financial Review,          20 September 2011, p. 7.

[65]      http://www.griffinenergy.com.au/default.aspx?MenuID=76 (accessed 29 September 2011).

[66]      Interview, Paul Murray and .Senator Mathias Cormann, MP, Mornings with Paul Murray, 6PR, 26 August 2011.

[67]      Griffin Energy, Submission 44a.

[68]      Griffin Energy, Submission 44, p. 2 and Submission 44a.

[69]      Griffin Energy, Submission 44, footnote 2, p. 2.

[70]      Griffin Energy, Submission 44a.

[71]      Griffin Energy, Submission 44a.

[72]      Interview, Paul Murray and Wayne Trumble, General Manager, Griffin Energy, Mornings with Paul Murray, 6PR, 3 October 2011.

[73]      Robert MacDonald 'CS Energy, Stanwell Power and Tarong Energy write down value by combined losses of almost 4.1 billion due to proposed carbon tax' Courier-Mail, 1 October 2011, http://www.couriermail.com.au/news/queensland/cs-energy-stanwell-power-and-tarong-energy-write-down-value-by-combined-11-billion-due-to-proposed-carbon-tax/story-e6freoof-1226154446349 (accessed 5 October 2011). 

[74]      International Power, Hazelwood Power Station and Mine, http://www.ipplc.com.au/the-company/assets/hazelwood-power-station-and-mine/, (accessed 12 July 2011).

[75]      International Power, Hazelwood Power Station and Mine, http://www.ipplc.com.au/the-company/assets/hazelwood-power-station-and-mine/, (accessed 12 July 2011).

[76]      A. Morton and M. Grattan, 'Death-knell for 'dirty' Hazelwood', The Age, 1 July 2011, http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/deathknell-for-dirty-hazelwood-20110630-1gt7t.html, (accessed 12 July 2011).

[77]      T. Arup, 'Power plants agree to hold buyout talks', Sydney Morning Herald, 11 July 2011, http://www.smh.com.au/environment/climate-change/power-plants-agree-to-hold-buyout-talks-20110710-1h920.html, (accessed 12 July 2011).

[78]      ABC News, 'Gillard says energy secure under carbon tax', Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 12 July 2011, http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2011/07/12/3267838.htm, (accessed 12 July 2011).

[79]      Australian Greens, The transformation from coal to renewable energy starts today, media release, 10 July 2011, http://greens.org.au/content/transformation-coal-renewable-energy-starts-today, (accessed 14 July 2011).

[80]      Australian Greens, The transformation from coal to renewable energy starts today, media release, 10 July 2011, http://greens.org.au/content/transformation-coal-renewable-energy-starts-today, (accessed 14 July 2011).

[81]      Alinta Energy, Flinders, http://alintaenergy.com/assets/generation/flinders/,           (accessed 13 July 2011).

[82]      Alinta Energy, Annual Report, 2009-10, p. 12.

[83]      Alinta Energy, Flinders, http://alintaenergy.com/assets/generation/flinders/,           (accessed 13 July 2011).

[84]      Alinta Energy, Welcome, http://alintaenergy.com/, (accessed 13 July 2011).

[85]      Alinta Energy, Annual Report, 2009-10, p. 1.

[86]      T. Arup, 'Power plants agree to hold buyout talks', Sydney Morning Herald, 11 July 2011, http://www.smh.com.au/environment/climate-change/power-plants-agree-to-hold-buyout-talks-20110710-1h920.html, (accessed 12 July 2011).

[87]      Mr Michael O'Brien, MP, PM [transcript], 11 July 2011, http://www.abc.net.au/pm/content/2011/s3266745.htm, (accessed 13 July 2011).

[88]      Ms Joy Baluch, MP, PM [transcript], 11 July 2011, http://www.abc.net.au/pm/content/2011/s3266745.htm, (accessed 13 July 2011).

[89]      Mr Jason Kuchel, MP, PM [transcript], 11 July 2011, http://www.abc.net.au/pm/content/2011/s3266745.htm, (accessed 13 July 2011).

[90]      Ms Desley Wardell, MP, PM [transcript], 11 July 2011, http://www.abc.net.au/pm/content/2011/s3266745.htm, (accessed 13 July 2011).

[91]      Moe and District Residents Association Inc, Submission 99, p. 3.

[92]      Moe and District Residents Association Inc, Submission 99, p. 1.

[93]      Moe and District Residents Association Inc, Submission 99, p. 2.

[94]      Moe and District Residents Association Inc, Submission 99, p. 7.

Chapter 6 - Regional Australia

[1]        Department of the Treasury, Strong Growth, Low Pollution – Modelling a carbon price, Overview, 2011, p. 1.

[2]        Department of the Treasury, Strong Growth, Low Pollution – Modelling a carbon price, Overview, 2011, p. 8.

[3]        Department of the Treasury, Strong Growth, Low Pollution – Modelling a carbon price, Overview, 2011, p. 8.

[4]        Ms Meghan Quinn, General Manager, Macroeconomic Modelling Division, Department of the Treasury, Proof Committee Hansard, 23 September 2011, p. 1.

[5]        Productivity Commission, Impact of Competition Policy Reforms on Rural and Regional Australia, Report no. 8, 1999, AusInfo, Canberra, p. xxxix.

[6]        Productivity Commission 2002, Review of Automotive Assistance, Report No. 25, Canberra,
p. 314.

[7]        Productivity Commission 2003, Review of TCF Assistance, Report No. 26, Canberra, p. 279.

[8]        Productivity Commission 2005, Review of National Competition Policy Reforms,
Report No. 33, Canberra.

[9]        Productivity Commission 2006, Potential Benefits of the National Reform Agenda, Report to the Council of Australian Governments, Canberra, p. 28.

[10]      Productivity Commission 2010, Impacts and Benefits of COAG Reforms: Reporting Framework, Research Report, Canberra, p. v.

[11]      Productivity Commission, Impacts and Benefits of COAG Reforms: Reporting Framework, Research Report, Canberra, December, 2010, p. xvii.

[12]      ABARES, The economic and social effects of the Murray–Darling Basin Plan: recent research and next steps, 2011.

[13]      ABARES, Potential effects of climate change on forests and forestry in Australia, August, 2011, http://adl.brs.gov.au/data/warehouse/pe_abares20110824.01/CCforest_Synthesis_National_2011_HR.pdf. (accessed on 4 October 2011).

[14]      Queensland Government, Carbon Price Impacts for Queensland, 2011, August.

[15]      Senator Barnaby Joyce, Government must clean on carbon tax's impact on regional Australia, Media release, 23 August 2011

[16]      Queensland Government, Carbon Price Impacts for Queensland, 2011, August, p.31

[17]      Frontier Economics, Carbon price modelling, prepared for the NSW Government, August, 2011.

[18]      Deloitte Access Economics, Modelling the Clean Energy Future policy, September, 2011.

[19]      Department of the Treasury, Strong Growth, Low Pollution – Modelling a carbon price, Overview, 2011, p. 9.

[20]      Frontier Economics, Carbon Price Modelling – a report prepared for the NSW Government, August 2011

[21]      Frontier Economics, Carbon Price Modelling – a report prepared for the NSW Government, August 2011, p.26

[22]      Frontier Economics, Carbon Price Modelling – a report prepared for the NSW Government, August 2011, p.27

[23]      Frontier Economics, Carbon Price Modelling – a report prepared for the NSW Government, August 2011, p.27

[24]      http://www.business.nsw.gov.au/invest-in-nsw/regional-nsw (accessed 18 August 2011).

[25]      http://www.business.nsw.gov.au/invest-in-nsw/regional-nsw (accessed 18 August 2011).

[26]      Councillor Colin Murray, Mayor, Tamworth Regional Council, Committee Hansard,
3 August 2011, p. 21.

[27]      Mr Timothy Coates, President, Tamworth Business Chamber, Committee Hansard,  
3 August 2011, pp 30–31.

[28]      Mr Keri Brown, Managing Director, Inverell Freighters, Committee Hansard, 3 August 2011, 
p. 3.

[29]      Mr Keri Brown, Inverell Freighters, Committee Hansard, 3 August 2011, p. 1.

[30]      Mr Keri Brown, Inverell Freighters, Committee Hansard, 3 August 2011, p. 1.

[31]      Mr Keri Brown, Inverell Freighters, Committee Hansard, 3 August 2011, p. 1.

[32]      Mr Keri Brown, Inverell Freighters, Committee Hansard, 3 August 2011, p. 1.

[33]      Mr Keri Brown, Inverell Freighters, Committee Hansard, 3 August 2011, p. 6.

[34]      Mr Phillip Kelly, Chief Financial Officer, Bindaree Beef Pty Ltd, Committee Hansard,             3 August 2011, p. 13.

[35]      Mr Phillip Kelly, Bindaree Beef Pty Ltd, Committee Hansard, 3 August 2011, p. 13.

[36]      Mr Phillip Kelly, Bindaree Beef Pty Ltd, Committee Hansard, 3 August 2011, p. 12.

[37]      Mr Phillip Kelly, Bindaree Beef Pty Ltd, Committee Hansard, 3 August 2011, p. 12.

[38]      Mr Phillip Kelly, Bindaree Beef Pty Ltd, Committee Hansard, 3 August 2011, p. 13.

[39]      Senator John Williams, Senate Select Committee on New Taxes and Mr Phillip Kelly,
Bindaree Beef Pty Ltd, Committee Hansard, 3 August 2011, p. 16.

[40]      Mr Phillip Kelly, Bindaree Beef Pty Ltd, Committee Hansard, 3 August 2011, p. 17.

[41]      Mr Phillip Kelly, Bindaree Beef Pty Ltd, Committee Hansard, 3 August 2011, p. 19.

[42]      Mr Michael Broekman, Owner, Namoi Valley Bricks, Committee Hansard, 3 August 2011, 
p. 39.

[43]      Mr Michael Broekman, Namoi Valley Bricks, Committee Hansard, 3 August 2011, p. 39.

[44]      Mr Michael Broekman, Namoi Valley Bricks, Committee Hansard, 3 August 2011, p. 39.

[45]      Mr Michael Broekman, Namoi Valley Bricks, Committee Hansard, 3 August 2011, pp 39 – 40.

[46]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes and Mr Michael Broekman, Namoi Valley Bricks, Committee Hansard, 3 August 2011, pp 39 – 40.

[47]      Senator Doug Cameron, Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes and
Mr Michael Broekman, Owner, Namoi Valley Bricks, Committee Hansard, 3 August 2011,
p. 42.

[48]      Mr Henry Segerius, Director and General Manager, Grain Products Australia,
Committee Hansard, 3 August 2011, p. 47.

[49]      Mr Henry Segerius, Grain Products Australia, Committee Hansard, 3 August 2011, p. 47.

[50]      Mr Henry Segerius, Grain Products Australia, Committee Hansard, 3 August 2011, p. 47.

[51]      Mr Henry Segerius, Director and General Manager, Grain Products Australia,
Committee Hansard, 3 August 2011, p. 48.

[52]      Mr Henry Segerius, Grain Products Australia, Committee Hansard, 3 August 2011, p. 50.

[53]      Senator John Madigan and Mr Henry Segerius, Grain Products Australia,
Committee Hansard, 3 August 2011, p. 54.

[54]      http://www.oesr.qld.gov.au/products/tables/historical-tables-demography/index.php
(accessed 9 September 2011).

[55]      Mr Peter Grant, Chair, Regional Policy Council, Chamber of Commerce and Industry Queensland, Committee Hansard, 5 August 2011, p. 1.

[56]      Mr Peter Grant, Chamber of Commerce and Industry Queensland, Committee Hansard,
5 August 2011, p. 1.

[57]      Mr Peter Grant, Chamber of Commerce and Industry Queensland, Committee Hansard, 
5 August 2011, p. 2.

[58]      Mr Peter Grant, Chamber of Commerce and Industry Queensland, Committee Hansard, 
5 August 2011, p. 1.

[59]      Mr Peter Grant, Chamber of Commerce and Industry Queensland, Committee Hansard, 
5 August 2011, p. 1.

[60]      Mr Peter Grant, Chamber of Commerce and Industry Queensland, Committee Hansard, 
5 August 2011, p. 2.

[61]      Mr Peter Grant, Chamber of Commerce and Industry Queensland, Committee Hansard, 
5 August 2011, p. 9.

[62]      Mr Peter Grant, Chamber of Commerce and Industry Queensland, Committee Hansard, 
5 August 2011, p. 2.

[63]      Ms Narelle Pearse, Chief Executive Officer and Managing Director, Mackay Whitsunday Regional Development Corporation, Committee Hansard, 5 August 2011, p. 10.

[64]      Ms Narelle Pearse, Mackay Whitsunday Regional Development Corporation,
Committee Hansard, 5 August 2011, p. 11.

[65]      Ms Narelle Pearse, Mackay Whitsunday Regional Development Corporation,
Committee Hansard, 5 August 2011, p. 11.

[66]      http://www.mackaycanegrowers.com.au/ (accessed 19 August 2011).

[67]      Mr Paul Schembri, Chairman of the Board, Mackay Canegrowers Ltd, Committee Hansard,
5 August 2011, p. 19.

[68]      Mr Paul Schembri, Mackay Canegrowers Ltd, Committee Hansard, 5 August 2011, p. 19.

[69]      Mr Paul Schembri, Mackay Canegrowers Ltd, Committee Hansard, 5 August 2011, pp 19 –2 0.

[70]      Mr Peter O'Reilly, Chief Executive Officer, Tourism Whitsundays, Committee Hansard, 
5 August 2011, p. 27.

[71]      Mr Peter O'Reilly, Tourism Whitsundays, Committee Hansard, 5 August 2011, p. 27.

[72]      Mr Peter O'Reilly, Tourism Whitsundays, Committee Hansard, 5 August 2011, p. 27.

[73]      Mr Peter O'Reilly, Tourism Whitsundays, Committee Hansard, 5 August 2011, p. 27.

[74]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes
and Mr Peter O'Reilly, Chief Executive Officer, Tourism Whitsundays, Committee Hansard,
5 August 2011, pp 28 – 29.

[75]      Mr Peter O'Reilly, Tourism Whitsundays, Committee Hansard, 5 August 2011, pp 28 – 29.

[76]      Mr Peter O'Reilly, Tourism Whitsundays, Committee Hansard, 5 August 2011, p. 31.

[77]      Mr John Hodgson, Business Development Manager, Mackay Sugar Ltd, Committee Hansard, 
5 August 2011, p. 45.

[78]      Mr John Hodgson, Business Development Manager, Mackay Sugar Ltd, Committee Hansard,
5 August 2011, p. 45.

[79]      Mr John Hodgson, Mackay Sugar Ltd, Committee Hansard, 5 August 2011, p. 45.

[80]      Mr John Hodgson, Mackay Sugar Ltd, Committee Hansard, 5 August 2011, p. 45.

[81]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes and Mr John Hodgson, Mackay Sugar Ltd, Committee Hansard, 5 August 2011, p. 46.

[82]      Mr Trefor Flood, General Manager, Queensland Nickel Pty Ltd, Committee Hansard,
5 August 2011, p. 35.

[83]      Mr Trefor Flood, Queensland Nickel Pty Ltd, Committee Hansard, 5 August 2011, p. 35.

[84]      Mr Trefor Flood, Queensland Nickel Pty Ltd, Committee Hansard, 5 August 2011, p. 37

[85]      Mr Trefor Flood, Queensland Nickel Pty Ltd, Committee Hansard, 5 August 2011, p. 35.

[86]      Mr Trefor Flood, Queensland Nickel Pty Ltd, Committee Hansard, 5 August 2011, p. 35.

[87]      Mr Trefor Flood, Queensland Nickel Pty Ltd, Committee Hansard, 5 August 2011, p. 36.

[88]      Mr Trefor Flood, Queensland Nickel Pty Ltd, Committee Hansard, 5 August 2011, p. 36.

[89]      Australian Coal Association, Submission to the Joint Select Committee on Australian Clean Energy Future Legislation, p.2

[90]      Australian Coal Association, Submission to the Joint Select Committee on Australian Clean Energy Future Legislation.

[91]      Australian Coal Association, Submission to the Joint Select Committee on Australian Clean Energy Future Legislation, p.3

[92]      http://www.liveinvictoria.vic.gov.au/living-in-victoria/melbourne-and-regional-victoria (accessed 12 September 2011).

[93]      http://www.liveinvictoria.vic.gov.au/living-in-victoria/melbourne-and-regional-victoria (accessed 12 September 2011).

[94]      http://www.liveinvictoria.vic.gov.au/living-in-victoria/melbourne-and-regional-victoria (accessed 12 September 2011).

[95]      Deloitte Access Economics, Modelling the Clean Energy Future Policy, 2011

[96]      Mr David Chaston, General Manager, Geelong Galvanizing, Committee Hansard, 
1 September 2011, p. 10.

[97]      Mr David Chaston, Geelong Galvanizing, Committee Hansard, 1 September 2011, p. 10.
Note: Nationally, the galvanizing industry employs a workforce of over 3,000 people, a large proportion of which are unskilled.

[98]      Mr David Chaston, Geelong Galvanizing, Committee Hansard, 1 September 2011, p. 16.

[99]      Mr James Walsh, President, Geelong Chamber of Commerce, Committee Hansard, 
1 September 2011, p. 31.

[100]    Mr James Walsh, Geelong Chamber of Commerce, Committee Hansard, 1 September 2011,
p. 31.

[101]    Mr James Walsh, Geelong Chamber of Commerce, Committee Hansard, 1 September 2011, 
p. 31.

[102]    Ms Bernadette Uzelac, Executive Officer, Geelong Chamber of Commerce, 
Committee Hansard, 1 September 2011, p. 36.

Chapter 7 - Picking up the cost – the carbon tax on households

[1]        This figure of 500 companies does not include those that will pay an effective carbon tax through the proposed changes to the fuel tax credit scheme. The businesses and consumers impacted by those changes are covered in more detail in Chapter 10.

[2]        Australian Government, Supporting Australian Households – Helping households move to a clean energy future, p. 4.

[3]        Professor John Freebairn, Submission 2, p. 5.

[4]        The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is 'a measure of changes, over time, in retail prices of a constant basket of goods and services representative of consumption expenditure by resident households in Australian metropolitan areas. ... As prices vary, the total price of this basket will also vary. The CPI is simply a measure of the changes in the price of this basket as the prices of items in it change. The CPI measures price changes relating to the spending pattern of metropolitan private households. ... For practical reasons, the CPI basket cannot include every item bought by households, but it does include all the important kinds of items. ... The total basket is divided into a number of major commodity groups, subgroups and expenditure classes. It covers items such as food, alcohol and tobacco, clothing and footwear, housing, household contents and services, health, transportation, communication, recreation, education and financial and insurance services'. Source: http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/DSSbyCollectionid/1E564CACF4CBEC32CA256ED8007EF06E?opendocument (accessed 13 July 2011).

[5]        Australian Government, Supporting Australian Households – Helping households move to a clean energy future, p. 4.

[6]        Australian Government, Strong Growth, Low Pollution, Modelling a Carbon Price – Update, 21 September 2011, p. 2.

[7]        Australian Government, Strong Growth, Low Pollution, Modelling a Carbon Price – Update, 21 September 2011, p. 2.

[8]        Construction Forestry Mining and Engineering Union, Submission 9; The Australia Institute, Submission 16; Professor Jack Pezzey, Submission 18.

[9]        Department of the Treasury, Strong growth, low pollution – modelling a carbon price: Overview, at http://treasury.gov.au/carbonpricemodelling/content/overview/page8.asp (accessed 3 October 2011).

[10]      Department of the Treasury, Strong growth, low pollution – modelling a carbon price: Overview, p. 8.

[11]      Department of the Treasury, Strong growth, low pollution – modelling a carbon price: Overview, p. 124.

[12]      Professor John Freebairn, Submission 2, p. 8.

[13]      The ERAA represents those energy retailers who 'collectively provide electricity to over 98% of customers within the National Electricity Market (NEM) and are the first point of contact for end-use energy users'. Source: Submission 7, p. 1.

[14]      Quotation is from Tim Nelson, Head of Economic Policy & Sustainability, AGL Energy Ltd; Simon Kelley, Manager of Energy Policy and Regulation, AGL Energy Ltd; Fiona Orton, Carbon Project Analyst, AGL Energy Ltd; Paul Simshauser, Chief Economist and Group Head of Corporate Affairs, AGL Energy Ltd 'Delayed carbon policy certainty and electricity prices in Australia', provided by Energy Retailers Association of Australia Ltd, Submission 7, pp 1 – 2.

[15]      AGL Energy Ltd, Submission 19, p. 15.

[16]      New South Wales Treasury, Submission 81, p. 10.

[17]      New South Wales Government, Evaluation of the impacts of the Commonwealth’s carbon price package, 10 July 2011, p. 2  http://www.treasury.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0018/20466/Evaluatiion_of_Impacts_of_Comm_Carbon_price_Package_Aug11.pdf (accessed 3 October 2011).

[18]      Department of the Treasury, Australia’s Low Pollution Future, 2008, Chart 3.42.

[19]      Department of the Treasury, Strong growth, low pollution – modelling a carbon price: Overview, http://treasury.gov.au/carbonpricemodelling/content/overview/page8.asp,
(accessed 3 October 2011).

[20]      Dan Hall, 'Brickworks, CSR warn of increases', Australian Financial Review, 12 July 2011,    p. 13.

[21]      Dan Hall, 'Brickworks, CSR warn of increases', Australian Financial Review, 12 July 2011,    p. 13.

[22]      Dan Hall, ' Brickworks, CSR warn of increases', Australian Financial Review, 12 July 2011,   p. 13.

[23]      Sarah Danckert, 'Materials hike will add $5000 to home price', The Australian, 12 July 2011,   p. 7.

[24]      Dan Hall, 'Brickworks, CSR warn of increases', Australian Financial Review, 12 July 2011,    p. 13.

[25]      Sarah Danckert, 'Materials hike will add $5000 to home price', The Australian, 12 July 2011,   p. 7.

[26]       Sarah Danckert, 'Materials hike will add $5000 to home price', The Australian, 12 July 2011,  p. 7.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                

[27]      Wilhelm Harnisch, Master Builders Australia News, Home Buyers and Small Business – Carbon tax losers, Media Release, 10 July 2011.

[28]      Mater Builders Australia, Submission 97, p. 3.

[29]      Master Builders Australia, Submission 97, p. 11.

[30]      Wilhelm Harnisch, Master Builders Australia News, Home Buyers and Small Business – Carbon tax losers, Media Release, 10 July 2011.

[31]      Wilhelm Harnisch, Master Builders Australia News, Home Buyers and Small Business – Carbon tax losers, 10 July 2011.

[32]      Master Builders Australia, Submission 97, p. 13.

[33]      Master Builders Australia, Submission 97, p. 14.

[34]      Department of the Treasury, Strong growth, low pollution – modelling a carbon price: Overview,  http://treasury.gov.au/carbonpricemodelling/content/overview/page8.asp.

[35]      Department of the Treasury, Strong growth, low pollution – modelling a carbon price: Overview, http://treasury.gov.au/carbonpricemodelling/content/overview/page8.asp.

[36]      Australian Food and Grocery Council, Carbon tax still impacts Australian food and grocery costs, Media Release, 10 July 2011.

[37]      National Association of Retail Grocers of Australia, Submission 91, p. 3.

[38]      National Association of Retail Grocers of Australia, Submission 91, p. 2.

[39]      Department of the Treasury, Strong growth, low pollution – modelling a carbon price: Overview, p.11

[40]      Department of the Treasury, Strong growth, low pollution – modelling a carbon price: Overview, p. 11

[41]      PriceWaterhouseCoopers, Potential impact of a carbon price on the Australian automotive industry, May 2011, p. 8.

[42]      PriceWaterhouseCoopers, Potential impact of a carbon price on the Australian automotive industry, May 2011, p. 8. http://www.fcai.com.au/library/publication//final_pwc_automotive_industry_report_11_may_2011pwc.pdf (Accessed 16 September 2011).

[43]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair of the Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New
Taxes and Mr Marty Robinson, Manager, Household Modelling and Analysis Unit, Department of the Treasury, Committee Hansard, 10 August 2011, p. 12.

[44]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair of the Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New
Taxes and Mr Marty Robinson, Manager, Household Modelling and Analysis Unit, Department of the Treasury, Committee Hansard, 10 August 2011, p. 12.

[45]      Department of the Treasury, Answer to question taken on notice on 10 August 2011, question 8, received between 29 August and 26 September.

[46]      Department of the Treasury, Answer to question taken on notice on 10 August 2011, question 7, received between 29 August and 26 September.

[47]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair of the Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New
Taxes; Mr Marty Robinson, Manager, Household Modelling and Analysis Unit, Department of the Treasury, Department of the Treasury and Mr Rob Heferen, Executive Director, Revenue group, Department of the Treasury, Committee Hansard, 10 August 2011, pp 13–14.

[48]      Department of the Treasury, Committee Hansard, 10 August 2011, pp 13–14.

[49]      Australian Council of Social Service, ACOSS welcomes agreement on carbon price mechanism, Media Release, 10 July 2011, http://www.acoss.org.au/media/release/acoss_welcomes_agreement_on_carbon_price_mechanism (accessed 16 September 2011).

Chapter 8 - The carbon tax and the economy

[1]        Australian Government, Clean Energy Future - Securing a clean energy future: The Australian Government's Climate Change Plan, p. 71.

[2]        Communiqué of the Multi-Party Climate Change Committee, 21 December 2010 http://www.climatechange.gov.au/en/government/initiatives/multi-party-committee/meetings/third-meeting/communique.aspx#attachmenta (accessed 17 August 2011).

[3]        Senator Simon Birmingham and the Minister for Finance and Deregulation Senator the
Hon. Penny Wong and Mr David Tune, Secretary, Department of Finance and Deregulation, Estimates Hansard, 25 May 2011, pp 180 - 181, https://www.aph.gov.au/hansard/senate/commttee/s59.pdf (accessed 19 September 2011). 

[4]        Australian Government, 2011-12 Australian Government - Budget Paper No. 1: Budget Strategy and Outlook, pp 8 - 5.

[5]        ABC Radio http://www.abc.net.au/pm/content/2011/s3266743.htm (accessed 17 August 2011).

[6]        Australian Government, Explanatory Memorandum to the Clean Energy Bill 2011, pp 41 - 42.

[7]        Australian Government, Explanatory Memorandum to the Clean Energy Bill 2011, pp 41 - 42.

[8]        Australian Government, Explanatory Memorandum to the Clean Energy Bill 2011, p. 42.

[9]        Australian Government, Clean Energy Factsheet – Supporting Jobs and Industry, http://www.cleanenergyfuture.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/012-FS-Supporting-jobs-and-industry.pdf (accessed 10 July 1011).

[10]      Australian Government, Explanatory Memorandum to the Clean Energy Bill 2011, p. 42.

[11]      Australian Government, Clean Energy Factsheet – Supporting Jobs and Industry, http://www.cleanenergyfuture.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/012-FS-Supporting-jobs-and-industry.pdf (accessed 10 July 1011).

[12]      Australian Government, Explanatory Memorandum to the Clean Energy Bill 2011, p. 42.

[13]      Australian Government, Clean Energy Factsheet – Supporting Jobs and Industry, http://www.cleanenergyfuture.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/012-FS-Supporting-jobs-and-industry.pdf (accessed 10 July 1011).

[14]      'ACCC to prevent carbon price gouging', The Age, 13 July 2011    http://news.theage.com.au/breaking-news-national/accc-to-prevent-carbon-price-gouging-20110713-1hcxv.html, (accessed 19 September 2011). 

[15]      Australian Securities and Investments Commission Act 2001, ss12DA - 13DB.

[16]      The Hon. Greg Combet AM MP, Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, Climate change public information campaign, Media Release, 16 June 2011 http://www.climatechange.gov.au/minister/greg-combet/2011/media-releases/June/mr20110616.aspx  (accessed 18 August 2011).

[17]      Australian Government, Portfolio Budget Statements 2011-12: Budget Related Paper No. 1.4: Climate Change and Energy Efficiency Portfolio, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2011, p. 23. http://climatechange.gov.au/en/about/budget/~/media/publications/budget/1112/2011-12-pbs.pdf (accessed 8 September 2011).

[18]      Ross Peake, 'Gillard, Abbott in campaign cost debate', Canberra Times, 18 July 2011, p. 3.

[19]      Australian Government, Explanatory Memorandum to the Clean Energy Bill 2011, p.42
 and paras: 3.95 – 3.99 of this Report.

[20]      Australian Government, Explanatory Memorandum to the Clean Energy Bill 2011,
pp 41 – 42 and paras: 3.95 – 3.99 of this Report.

[21]      Note: Discrepancies with other figures used in this report are due to rounding.

[22]      Australian Government, Explanatory Memorandum to the Clean Energy Bill 2011, pp 41 – 42 and paras: 3.95 – 3.99 of this Report.

[23]      Australian Government, Clean Energy Future - Securing a clean energy future: The Australian Government's Climate Change Plan, p. 64.

[24]      Australian Government, Clean Energy Future - Securing a clean energy future: The Australian Government's Climate Change Plan, p. 65.

[25]      National Generators Forum, Submission 174, on the Clean Energy Legislative Package at http://www.climatechange.gov.au/government/submissions/clean-energy-legislative-package/~/media/government/submissions/cel/public/CEL-Submission-NationalGeneratorsForum-20110922-PDF.pdf (accessed 22 September 2011) pp 6 - 8.

[26]      Ms Luise McCulloch, General Manager, Industry, Environment and Defence Division, Department of the Treasury, Committee Hansard, 10 August 2011, p. 8.

[27]      Ms Luise McCulloch, General Manager, Industry, Environment and Defence Division, Department of the Treasury, Committee Hansard, 10 August 2011, p. 9.

[28]      The Treasury, Response No. 18 to Questions on Notice, Question 3, https://www.aph.gov.au/ Senate/committee/scrutinynewtaxes_ctte/carbontax/submissions.htm, p. 4.

[29]      The Treasury, Response No. 18 to Questions on Notice, Question 4, https://www.aph.gov.au/ Senate/committee/scrutinynewtaxes_ctte/carbontax/submissions.htm, p. 5.

[30]      Australian Government, Clean Energy Future - Securing a clean energy future: The Australian Government's Climate Change Plan, p. 122.

[31]      Australian Government, Clean Energy Future - Securing a clean energy future: The Australian Government's Climate Change Plan, p. vii.

[32]      Australian Government, Clean Energy Future - Securing a clean energy future: The Australian Government's Climate Change Plan, p. 65.

[33]      Mr Brad Page, Chief Executive Officer, Energy Supply Association of Australia, Committee Hansard, 8 June 2011, pp 6 - 7.

[34]      Senate Hansard, 6 July 2011, pp 4169 - 70.

[35]      Annabel Hepworth and Dennis Shanahan, 'Shutting power plants will cost another $3bn',      The Australian, 13 July 2011, p. 6. 

[36]      Annabel Hepworth and Dennis Shanahan, 'Shutting power plants will cost another $3bn',      The Australian, 13 July 2011, p. 6.

[37]      Annabel Hepworth and Dennis Shanahan, 'Shutting power plants will cost another $3bn',      The Australian, 13 July 2011, p. 6.

[38]      Annabel Hepworth, 'ALP puts limits on dirty coal compo', The Australian, 19 July 2011, p. 1.

[39]      Mark Ludlow and Peter Kerr, 'Payouts fail to please', Australian Financial Review,                 22 July 2011, p. 9.

[40]      Tom Arup, 'Tough line on power buyouts', The Age, 26 August 2011, p. 8.

[41]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes and Mrs Luise McCulloch, General Manager, Industry, Environment and Defence Division, Department of Treasury, Committee Hansard, 10 August 2011, pp 3 - 4.

[42]      The Hon. Wayne Swan MP, Deputy Prime Minister and Treasurer, House of Representatives Hansard, 16 August 2011,   p. 13.

[43]      The Hon. Julia Gillard MP, Prime Minister, House of Representatives Hansard,
16 August 2011, p. 17.

[44]      Department of the Treasury, Strong growth, low pollution - modelling a carbon price, 2011     p. 121.

[45]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes and Ms Meghan Quinn, Macroeconomic Modelling Division, Macroeconomic Group, Department of Treasury, Committee Hansard, 10 August 2011, p. 11.

[46]      NSW Treasury, Submission 81.

[47]      NSW Treasury, Submission 81, p. 1.

[48]      NSW Treasury, Submission 81, p. 3.

[49]      NSW Treasury, Submission 81, p. 1.

[50]      NSW Treasury, Submission 81, p. 10.

[51]      Ms Meghan Quinn, Macroeconomic Modelling Division, Macroeconomic Group, Department of Treasury, Committee Hansard, 10 August 2011, p. 11.

[52]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes and Ms Meghan Quinn, Macroeconomic Modelling Division, Macroeconomic Group, Department of Treasury, Committee Hansard, 10 August 2011, p. 11.

[53]      NSW Treasury, Submission 81, p. 8.

[54]      NSW Treasury, Submission 81, p. 11.

[55]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes and Ms Meghan Quinn, Macroeconomic Modelling Division, Macroeconomic Group, Department of Treasury, Committee Hansard, 10 August 2011, p. 11.

[56]      NSW Treasury, Submission 81, p. 3.

[57]      Frontier Economics, Carbon price modelling: A report prepared for the NSW government, August 2011, p. 1.

[58]      Frontier Economics, Carbon price modelling: A report prepared for the NSW government, August 2011, p. 5.

[59]      Treasurer of Victoria, the Hon. Kim Wells MP, Gillard Government carbon tax to devastate Victorian families and businesses, Media Release, 20 September 2011, http://www.premier.vic.gov.au/images/stories/documents/mediareleases/2011/110920_Wells_-_Gillard_Govt_carbon_tax_to_devastate_Vic_families_and_businesses.pdf (accessed 22 September 2011).

[60]      Premier of Victoria, the Hon. Ted Baillieu MP, Gillard Government carbon tax to choke Victorian Economy, new modelling shows, Media Release, 18 August 2011, http://www.premier.vic.gov.au/media-centre/media-releases/1732-gillard-government-carbon-tax-to-choke-victorian-economy-new-modelling-shows-.html (accessed 18 August 2011).

[61]      Deloitte Access Economics report, at http://www.premier.vic.gov.au/images/stories/documents/mediareleases/2011/0_DAE_report.pdf, p. iii (accessed 22 September 2011). 

[62]      Deloitte Access Economics report, at http://www.premier.vic.gov.au/images/stories/documents/mediareleases/2011/0_DAE_report.pdf, p. iii (accessed 22 September 2011). 

[63]      Treasurer of Victoria, the Hon. Kim Wells MP, Gillard Government carbon tax to devastate Victorian families and businesses, Media Release, 20 September 2011, http://www.premier.vic.gov.au/images/stories/documents/mediareleases/2011/110920_Wells_-_Gillard_Govt_carbon_tax_to_devastate_Vic_families_and_businesses.pdf (accessed 22 September 2011).

[64]      Queensland Treasury Carbon Price Impacts for Queensland, August 2011, p. 5, http://www.treasury.qld.gov.au/knowledge/docs/carbon-price-impact-assessment/index.shtml (accessed 24 August 2011).

[65]      Queensland Treasury Carbon  Price Impacts for Queensland, August 2011, p. 19, http://www.treasury.qld.gov.au/knowledge/docs/carbon-price-impact-assessment/index.shtml (accessed 24 August 2011).

[66]      Queensland Treasury Carbon Price Impacts for Queensland, August 2011, p.7, http://www.treasury.qld.gov.au/knowledge/docs/carbon-price-impact-assessment/index.shtml (accessed 24 August 2011).

[67]      Department of the Treasury, Western Australian Government, Preliminary Assessment of the Impact of the Proposed Carbon Tax on Western Australia, 21 August 2011, p. 1,  http://www.treasury.wa.gov.au/cms/uploadedFiles/_Treasury/Publications/Preliminary_Assessment_Impact_Proposed_Carbon_Tax_on_WA_August2011.pdf (accessed 22 August 2011).

[68]      Department of the Treasury, Western Australian Government, Preliminary Assessment of the Impact of the Proposed Carbon Tax on Western Australia, 21 August 2011, pp 3 - 4, http://www.treasury.wa.gov.au/cms/uploadedFiles/_Treasury/Publications/Preliminary_Assessment_Impact_Proposed_Carbon_Tax_on_WA_August2011.pdf (accessed 22 August 2011).

[69]      Ross Peake, 'Leaders get a hearing, no concessions;, Canberra Times, 20 August 2011, p. 4; Matthew Franklin, Imre Salusinszky 'PM snubs states on carbon', The Weekend Australian,    20 August 2011, p. 6; Andrew Probyn and Andrew Tillett, 'PM digs in heels on carbon tax push', Weekend West, 20 August 2011, p. 18.

[70]      Andrew Probyn and Andrew Tillett, 'PM digs in heels on carbon tax push', Weekend West,      20 August 2011, p. 18.

[71]      Matthew Franklin, Imre Salusinszky 'PM snubs states on carbon', The Weekend Australian,    20 August 2011, p. 6.

[72]      Andrew Clennell, '$867m cost of new tax', The Daily Telegraph, 22 August 2011, p. 2.

[73]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes and  Dr David Gruen, Executive Director, Macroeconomic Group, Department of the Treasury Committee Hansard, 10 August 2011, p. 2.

[74]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes and Mr Rob Heferen, Executive Director, Revenue Group, Department of the Treasury, Committee Hansard, 10 August 2011, pp 2 - 3.

[75]      Committee Hansard, 10 August 2011, p. 53.

[76]      Committee Hansard, 10 August 2011, p. 54.

[77]      Committee Hansard, 10 August 2011, p. 60.

[78]      Mr Greg Evans, Director, Economic and Industrial Policy, Committee Hansard, 10 August 2011, p. 69.

[79]      Peter Martin 'RBA and IMF agree: it's all gloomy', The Age, 21 September 2011, p. 5.

[80]      Ric Battellino, Deputy Governor, Reserve Bank of Australia, 'Will Australia catch a US cold?', Speech to the Euromoney Forum, 21 September 2011, http://www.rba.gov.au/speeches/2011/sp-dg-210911.html (accessed 22 September 2011).

[81]      Productivity Commission, Review of National Competition Policy Reforms, 2005,
Report No. 33, Canberra, p. xix.

[82]      Productivity Commission, Review of National Competition Policy Reforms, 2005,
Report No. 33, Canberra, p. 62.

[83]      ABARES 2011, Energy in Australia 2011, produced for the Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism, p. 26 and ABARES 2009, Energy in Australia 2009, produced for the Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism, p. 29.

[84]      Productivity Commission, Potential Benefits of the National Reform Agenda, Report to the Council of Australian Governments, 2006, Canberra p. 59.

[85]      Professor Henry Ergas, Committee Hansard, 10 August 2011, p. 16

[86]      Productivity Commission,  Productivity Commission Submission to the Prime

          Ministerial Task Group on Emissions Trading, 2007 March, p. viii.

[87]      Productivity Commission,  Productivity Commission Submission to the Prime

          Ministerial Task Group on Emissions Trading, March 2007, pp. 8-9.

[88]      Productivity Commission,  Productivity Commission Submission to the Prime

           Ministerial Task Group on Emissions Trading, March 2007, p. 31.

Chapter 9 - The transport industry and the carbon tax

* cents per litre and # cents per kilogram

[1]        Australian Government, Clean Energy Future – Fact sheet 16, p. 43.

[2]        Australian Government, Clean Energy Future – Fact sheet 16, p. 43.

[3]        Mr Keri Brown, Managing Director, Inverell Freighters, Committee Hansard, 3 August 2011, p. 1.

[4]        Mr Keri Brown, Inverell Freighters, Committee Hansard, 3 August 2011, p. 1.

[5]        Mr Tony Sheldon, National Secretary, Transport Workers Union of Australia, Committee Hansard, 22 July 2011, p. 22.

[6]        Mr Tony Sheldon, Transport Workers Union of Australia, Committee Hansard, 22 July 2011, 
p. 24.

[7]        Mr Tony Sheldon, Transport Workers Union of Australia, Committee Hansard, 22 July 2011, 
p. 25.

[8]        Mr Tony Sheldon, Transport Workers Union of Australia, Committee Hansard, 22 July 2011, 
p. 25.

[9]        Australian Government, Clean energy future – Fact sheet 16, p. 43.

[10]      Australian Government, Clean energy future – Fact sheet 16, p. 43.

[11]      Australian Government, Clean energy future – Fact sheet 16, p. 43.

[12]      Mr Peter Tuohey, Vice President and Chair, Farm Business and Regional Development Committee, Victorian Farmers' Federation, Committee Hansard, 1 September 2011, p. 20.

[13]      Mr Peter Tuohey, Victorian Farmers' Federation, Committee Hansard, 1 September 2011, 
p. 21.

[14]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes and Mr Blair Comley, Secretary, Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, Committee Hansard, 10 August 2011, p. 42.

[15]      In their supplementary submission to the inquiry the Commonwealth Fisheries Association welcomed the government's commitment to exempt direct emissions of the fishing sector from any carbon price mechanism. Source: Commonwealth Fisheries Association, Supplementary Submission 89, p. 1.

[16]      Australian National Audit Office, Audit Report No. 49 2010–11, Fuel Tax Credits Scheme, Australian Taxation Office, pp 73 – 74.

[17]      Australian National Audit Office, Audit Report No. 49 2010–11, Fuel Tax Credits Scheme, Australian Taxation Office, pp 73 – 74.

[18]      Australian Government, Clean energy future – Fact sheet 16.

[19]      Australian Government, Clean energy future – Fact sheet 16.

[20]      Australian Government, Clean energy future – Fact sheet 16.

[21]      Australian Government, Clean energy future – Fact sheet 16.

[22]      Australian Government, Clean energy future – Fact sheet 16.

[23]      Australian Government, Clean energy future – Fact sheet 16, p. 44.

[24]      Mr Christopher Hine, Regional Express Holdings Ltd, Committee Hansard, 22 July 2011,
p. 13.

[25]      Mr Christopher Hine, Regional Express Holdings Ltd, Committee Hansard, 22 July 2011,
p. 13.

[26]      Mr Warrick Lodge, General Manager, Network Strategy and Sales, Regional Express Holdings Ltd, Committee Hansard, 22 July 2011, p. 18.

[27]      Mr Christopher Hine and Mr Warrick Lodge, Regional Express Holdings Ltd,
Committee Hansard, 22 July 2011, p. 13.

[28]      Mr Warrick Lodge, Regional Express Holdings Pty Ltd, Committee Hansard, 22 July 2011,
p. 19.

[29]      Regional Aviation Association of Australia, Submission 76, p. 3.

[30]      Regional Aviation Association of Australia, Submission 76, p. 3.

[31]      Regional Aviation Association of Australia, Submission 76, p. 1.

[32]      Regional Aviation Association of Australia, Submission 76, p. 3.

[33]      Regional Aviation Association of Australia, Submission 76, p. 3.

[34]      QANTAS Airways Limited, Submission 52, p. 5.

[35]      Australian Government, Clean energy future –Fact sheet 16, p. 44.

[36]      Superair Australia, Submission 69, p. 2.

[37]      Superair Australia, Submission 69, pp 1–2.

[38]      Mr Christopher Hine, Regional Express Holdings Ltd, Committee Hansard, 22 July 2011,
p. 15.

[39]      Mr Christopher Hine, Regional Express Holdings Ltd, Committee Hansard, 22 July 2011,
p. 13.

[40]      Dr Peter Bastable, Chairman, CQ Rescue Board, CQ Rescue, Committee Hansard, 
5 August 2011, p. 52.

[41]      Dr Peter Bastable, Chairman, CQ Rescue Board, CQ Rescue, Committee Hansard,
5 August 2011, p. 52.

[42]      Dr Peter Bastable, Chairman, CQ Rescue Board, CQ Rescue, Committee Hansard,
5 August 2011, p. 52.

[43]      Dr Peter Bastable, Chairman, CQ Rescue Board, CQ Rescue, Committee Hansard,
5 August 2011, p. 52.

Chapter 10 - The carbon tax modelling: deficiencies

[1]        http://www.treasury.gov.au/carbonpricemodelling/content/default.asp
(accessed on 26 September 2011).

[2]        Dr David Gruen, Executive Director, Macroeconomic Group Domestic, the Treasury, Committee Hansard, 23 September 2011, p. 7.

[3]        Report of the Select Committee on Climate Policy, June 2009, pp 36 - 37.

[4]        Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes, and Ms Meghan Quinn, General Manager Macroeconomic Modelling Division, the Treasury, Committee Hansard, 23 September 2011, p. 7.

[5]        Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes, and Ms Meghan Quinn, General Manager Macroeconomic Modelling Division, the Treasury, Committee Hansard, 23 September 2011, p. 7.

[6]        Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes, and Ms Meghan Quinn, General Manager Macroeconomic Modelling Division, the Treasury, Committee Hansard, 23 September 2011, pp 8 – 9.

[7]        Senator Ron Boswell, participating member of the Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes and Ms Meghan Quinn, General Manager Macroeconomic Modelling Division, the Treasury, Committee Hansard, 10 August 2011, p. 29.

[8]        Senator Ron Boswell, participating member of the Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes and Ms Meghan Quinn, General Manager Macroeconomic Modelling Division, the Treasury, Committee Hansard, 10 August 2011, p. 30.

[9]        Professor Henry Ergas, Professor of Infrastructure Economics, University of Wollongong, Committee Hansard, 10 August 2011, p. 65.

[10]      Professor Henry Ergas, Professor of Infrastructure Economics, University of Wollongong, Committee Hansard, 10 August 2011, p. 61.

[11]      Senator Ron Boswell, participating member of the Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes and Dr David Gruen, Macroeconomic Group, the Treasury, Committee Hansard,
10 August 2011, p. 30.

[12]      Centre for International Economics, Notes on 'Strong growth, low pollution' – Modelling and related issues, September 2011, p. 13.

[13]      Joint Media release, the Deputy Prime Minister and Treasurer, the Hon, Wayne Swan MP, and the Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, the Hon, Greg Combet AM MP, 'Carbon price update', issued on 21 September 2011 at 9:18am by email from subscribe@treasury.gov.au.

[14]      Joint Select Committee on Australia's Clean Energy Future legislation, Committee Hansard,
21 September 2011, p. 1.

[15]      Senator Anna Burke, Chair Joint Select Committee on Australia's Clean Energy Future Legislation, Senator Mathias Cormann, Senator Simon Birmingham and the Hon. Tony Smith MP, Proof Committee Hansard, 21 September 2011, pp 1 -3 .

[16]      Professor Henry Ergas, “How marginal was my abatement?”, at http://catallaxyfiles.com/2011/07/page/2/ (accessed 4 October 2011)

[17]      http://www.finance.gov.au/obpr/proposal/handbook/foreword.html
(accessed 26 September 2011).

[18]      Senator Mitch Fifield and Dr Steven Kennedy, Deputy Secretary, Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency and Mr James White, Assistant Secretary, Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, Committee Hansard, 16 September 2011,  pp 12 – 13.

[19]      Senator Mitch Fifield and Dr Steven Kennedy, Deputy Secretary, Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, Committee Hansard, 16 September 2011, p. 14.

[20]      Senator Mitch Fifield and Dr Steven Kennedy, Deputy Secretary, Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency and Mr James White, Assistant Secretary, Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, Proof Committee Hansard, 16 September 2011, p. 14.

[21]      Department of the Treasury, Strong growth, low pollution - modelling a carbon price, 2011,
p. 28

[22]      Department of the Treasury, Strong growth, low pollution - modelling a carbon price, 2011,
p. 28

[23]      Mr Daniel Price, Managing Director, Frontier Economics, Committee Hansard, 1 September 2011, p. 50.

[24]      Department of the Treasury, Strong growth, low pollution - modelling a carbon price, 2011,
p. 16.

[25]      Department of the Treasury, Strong growth, low pollution - modelling a carbon price, 2011,
p. 15.

[26]      Department of the Treasury, Strong growth, low pollution - modelling a carbon price, 2011,
pp 86 - 89.

[27]      Ms Meghan Quinn, General Manager Macroeconomic Modelling Division, the Treasury, Committee Hansard, 10 August 2011, p. 14.

[28]      Professor Henry Ergas, Professor of Infrastructure Economics, University of Wollongong, Committee Hansard, 10 August 2011, p. 61.

[29]      Centre for International Economics, Notes on 'Strong growth, low pollution' – Modelling and related issues, September 2011, p. 6.

[30]      Centre for International Economics, Notes on 'Strong growth, low pollution' – Modelling and related issues, September 2011, p. 15.

[31]      Ms Meghan Quinn, General Manager Macroeconomic Modelling Division, the Treasury, Committee Hansard, 10 August 2011, p. 15.

[32]      Mike De Souza, 'Canada moving away from ally on climate change action: Report', Montreal Gazette, 22 September 2011, http://www.montrealgazette.com/technology/Canada+moving+away+from+ally+climate+change+action+Report/5444318/story.html (accessed 27 September 2011).

[33]      Bryan Walsh, 'Al Gore and the Alternate Realities of Climate Change', Time, 20 September 2011, http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,2093955,00.html,
(accessed 27 September 2011).

[34]      Ms Meghan Quinn, General Manager Macroeconomic Modelling Division, The Treasury, Committee Hansard, 10 August 2011, p. 33.

[35]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chairman, Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New
Taxes and Ms Meghan Quinn, Macroeconomic Modelling Division, Macroeconomic Group, the Treasury, Committee Hansard, 10 August 2011, p. 15.

[36]      Ms Meghan Quinn, General Manager Macroeconomic Modelling Division, the Treasury, Committee Hansard, 10 August 2011, p. 17.

[37]      Department of the Treasury, Strong growth, low pollution - modelling a carbon price, 2011,
p. 1.

[38]      Department of the Treasury, Strong growth, low pollution - modelling a carbon price, 2011,
p. 65.

[39]      Department of the Treasury, Strong growth, low pollution - modelling a carbon price, 2011, Chart 5.12: Real Wages – Change from global action scenarios, p. 101.

[40]      Department of the Treasury, Strong growth, low pollution - modelling a carbon price, 2011,
p. 8.

[41]      Department of the Treasury, Strong growth, low pollution - modelling a carbon price, 2011,
p. 103.

[42]      New South Wales Treasury, Submission 81.

[43]      Moe and District Residents Association, Submission 99.

[44]      For example, Department of the Treasury, Western Australian Government, Preliminary Assessment of the Impact of the Proposed Carbon Tax on Western Australia, 21 August 2011, http://www.treasury.wa.gov.au/cms/uploadedFiles/_Treasury/Publications/Preliminary_ Assessment_Impact_Proposed_Carbon_Tax_on_WA_August2011.pdf (accessed 22 August 2011) and Deloitte Access Economics report, at http://www.premier.vic.gov.au/images/stories/ documents/mediareleases/2011/0_DAE_report.pdf, (accessed 22 September 2011).

[45]      See Committee Hansard, 3 August 2011 and 5 August 2011.

[46]      Frontier Economics, Carbon price modelling: A report prepared for the NSW government, August 2011, p. 5.

[47]http://www.treasury.gov.au/carbonpricemodelling/content/report/downloads/Modelling_Report_Consolidated_update.pdf, Chapter 2, p. 27. (accessed 2 October 2011).

[48]      Senator, the Hon. Penny Wong, Minister for Finance and Deregulation, Senate Hansard,
21 June 2010, p. 3801.

[49]      Senator Mathias Cormann, Chair, Senate Select Committee on the Scrutiny of New Taxes, and Mr Robert Raether, Principal Advisor, Industry, Environment and Defence Division, Department of the Treasury and Ms Meghan Quinn, General Manager Macroeconomic Modelling Division, the Treasury, Committee Hansard, 10 August 2011, p. 10.

[50]      Additional information received, document 7: Letter to the Committee dated 30 September 2011, from Dr David Gruen, Executive Director of the Macroeconomic Group – Domestic, Department of the Treasury, received on 4 October 2011.

[51]      Additional information received, document 7: Letter to the Committee dated 30 September 2011, from Dr David Gruen, Executive Director of the Macroeconomic Group – Domestic, Department of the Treasury, received on 4 October 2011.

[52]      Additional information received, document 7: Letter to the Committee dated 30 September 2011, from Dr David Gruen, Executive Director of the Macroeconomic Group – Domestic, Department of the Treasury, received on 4 October 2011.

Government Senators' Dissenting Report -  

“In summary, while the overall impacts of the policy measures analysed appears to be relatively small for most countries, the consistent finding from this study is that much lower-cost abatement could be achieved through broad, explicit carbon pricing approaches, irrespective of the policy settings in competitor economies.”[14]

[1]        Cleugh, H. Stafford Smith, M. Battaglia, M. and Graham, P. (eds); “Climate Change – Science and solutions for Australia”, CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, 2011. p.x

[2]        “The Science of Climate Change: Questions and Answers”, Australian Academy of Science, Canberra; www.science.org.au/policy/climatechange.html

[3]        “The Greenhouse Effect and Climate Change”, Bureau of Meteorology, Canberra; http://www.bom.gov.au/info/GreenhouseEffectAndClimateChange.pdf

[4]        Oreskes, N. and Conway, E. “Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues From Tobacco Smoke to Global Warming”; Bloomsbury Press, New York, 2010.

[14]      Ibid, p.155

[15]      “Strong Growth, Low Pollution – Modelling a Carbon Price”; Commonwealth of Australia, July 2011

[16]      “Strong Growth, Low Pollution – Modelling a Carbon Price Update”; Commonwealth of Australia, September 2011

[17]      Proof Committee Hansard; 10^th August 2011, pp35-36

[18]      Proof Committee Hansard; 23^rd September 2011, p.13

[19]      Proof Committee Hansard; 10^th August 2011, pp11-12

[20]      Proof Committee Hansard, 1^st September 2011, pp. 33-34

[21]      Mr. Keri Brown, Managing Director Inverell Freighters, Proof Committee Hansard, 3^rd August 2011, p.1

[22]      Mr. Michael Broekman, Proprietor, Namoi Bricks; Proof Committee Hansard, 3^rd August 2011, p.45

[23]      Mr. John Hodgson, Business Development Manager, Mackay Sugar; Proof Committee Hansard, 5^th August 2011, p.45-46

[24]      Ibid p.48

[25]      Mr. David Chaston, Proof Committee Hansard; 1^st September 2011, p.17

[26]      Investor Group on Climate Change, Submission No. 88

[27]      Ibid, p.1

[28]      Ibid, p.3

[29]      Mr. Nathan Fabian, Chief Executive, Investor Group on Climate Change; Proof Committee Hansard, 23^rd September 2011, p.25

[30]      Regional Express Holdings Ltd. market report, 24^th November 2005; http://www.rex.com.au/AboutRex/InvestorRelations/Rex%20report.pdf, viewed 31^st September 2011.

[31]      Regional Express media release - “Rex Announces FY2011 Full year results”, 24^th August 2011.

[32]      Rex Investor Briefing - Full Year Results FY2011, viewed at http://www.asx.com.au/asxpdf/20110824/pdf/420lg7nqv1pns3.pdf on 31^st September 2011

[33]      Mr. Nicholas Barlow, Head of Resource Development and Operational Excellence, Anglo American Metallurgical Coal Pty. Ltd.; Proof Committee Hansard, 1^st September 2011, p. 41

[34]      Ibid, pp 43-44.

[35]      Anglo American; Answer to question on notice received 13^th September 2011.

[36]      Jonathan Sanderman, Ryan Farquharson and Jeffrey Baldock,  “Soil Carbon Sequestration Potential: A review for Australian agriculture”; CSIRO Land and Water, 2010: http://www.csiro.au/resources/Soil-Carbon-Sequestration-Potential-Report.html

[37]      Bloomberg New Energy Finance, “The Coalition offers its alternative to the CPRS, but it needs to come up with something better and get the numbers right”; Carbon Markets – Australia – Research Note, 8^th February 2010

[38]      Dr. Martin Parkinson, Secretary, Treasury; Proof Committee Hansard, 24^th March 2011, p.26

[39]      Dr. Martin Parkinson, Secretary, Treasury; Proof Committee Hansard, 24^th March 2011, p.27

[40]      Proof Committee Hansard, 23^rd September 2011, pp 29-30

[41]      “Economic and Fiscal Impacts of the Coalition's Direct Action Plan”, Treasury Executive Minute, 14^th July 2011; http://www.treasury.gov.au/documents/2149/PDF/TEM_coalitions_direct_action_plan.pdf

[42]      Ibid, p.1

[43]      Ibid, pp.3-4

[44]      For example - Productivity Commission, What Role for Policies to Supplement an Emissions Trading Scheme?: Productivity Commission Submission to the Garnaut Climate Change Review, May 2008. Centre for International Economics (CIE), Review of the proposed CPRS, prepared for the Menzies Research Centre, April 2009. Ross Garnaut, Update Paper 6: Carbon Pricing and Reducing Australia’s Emissions, March 2011. Resources for the Future and the National Energy Policy Institute, Toward a New National Energy Policy: Assessing the Options, Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, 2010. HM Treasury, The Economics of Climate Change: The Stern Review, Cambridge University Press, 2007. Productivity Commission, Carbon Emission Policies in Key Economies, Research Report, June 2011.