[68]
Transcript of Evidence, 5 May 2004, p.26 (Oxley, AUSTA)
[69] Quotes selected from USTR website at http://www.ustr.gov/new/fta/Australia/quotes.htm
[70] USTR Press Release http://www.ustr.gov/releases/2004/02/04-08.pdf
[71] USTR Press Release http://www.ustr.gov/releases/2004/03/04-20.pdf
[72] USTR Press Release http://www.ustr.gov/releases/2004/03/04-20.pdf
[73] JSCOT Report
No.61 : The Australia-US Free Trade Agreement June 2004, p. 2
[74] See Senate Legal and Constitutional Committee, Trick or Treaty? Commonwealth Power to Make
and Implement Treaties, November 1995, pp:45. Chapter 4 of this report
discusses in some detail the constitutional power to enter into and implement
treaties, as well as the history of the executive power to make treaties.
[75] Senate Legal and Constitutional Committee, Trick or Treaty? Commonwealth Power to Make
and Implement Treaties, November 1995, pp:46. Chapter 5 of this report
discusses the evolution of the High Courts interpretation of the external
affairs power.
[76] DFAT, Australia
and International Treaty Making Information Kit (2002), p.4
[77] DFAT, Australia
and International Treaty Making Information Kit (2002), p.5
[78] DFAT, Australia
and International Treaty Making Information Kit (2002), p.5
[79] See DFAT, Australia
and International Treaty Making Information Kit (2002), pp.2134 for a
detailed discussion and evaluation of the reforms undertaken in 1996.
[80] This section on the role of JSCOT is drawn from
the Joint Standing Committee on Treaties web page detailing the establishment,
role and history of the Committee, at https://www.aph.gov.au/house/committee/jsct/ppgrole.htm,
accessed 29 October 2003.
[81] The report was tabled in November 1995 and is
available at https://www.aph.gov.au/Senate/committee/legcon_ctte/completed_inquiries/pre1996/treaty/report/index.htm
[82] See Senate Legal and Constitutional Committee, Trick or Treaty? Commonwealth Power to Make
and Implement Treaties, November 1995, chapter 14. This Chapter also
considers whether there could be said to be a democratic deficit in the
current processes, coming to a conclusion that there probably wasnt sufficient
evidence to indicate that this was the case.
[83] Senate Legal and Constitutional Committee, Trick or Treaty? Commonwealth Power to Make
and Implement Treaties, p. 239
[84] Senate Legal and Constitutional Committee, Trick or Treaty? Commonwealth Power to Make
and Implement Treaties, p. 246
[85] Senate Legal and Constitutional Committee, Trick or Treaty? Commonwealth Power to Make
and Implement Treaties p. 247
[86] Joint Standing Committee on Treaties (JSCOT),
Report 42: Whos Afraid of the WTO?
Australia and the World Trade Organisation, September 2001. Available at https://www.aph.gov.au/house/committee/jsct/wto/index.htm,
accessed 31 October 2003
[87] JSCOT, Whos
Afraid of the WTO? Australia and the World Trade Organisation, p.68
[88] JSCOT, Whos
Afraid of the WTO? Australia and the World Trade Organisation, pp:68, 69
[89] JSCOT, Whos
Afraid of the WTO? Australia and the World Trade Organisation, p.68
[90] Government Response to Report 42 of the Joint
Standing Committee on Treaties, 29 August 2002, available at https://www.aph.gov.au/house/committee/jsct/governmentresponses/42nd.pdf
at 31 October 2003.
[91] Queensland Government, Answers to Questions on Notice, 19 July 2004
[92] Queensland Government, Answers to Questions on Notice, 19 July 2004
[93] Queensland Government, Answers to Questions on Notice, 19 July 2004
[94] WA Government, Answers to Questions on Notice, 14 July 2004
[95] WA Government, Answers to Questions on Notice, 14 July 2004
[96] WA Government, Answers to Questions on Notice, 14 July 2004
[97] Queensland Government, Answers to Questions on Notice, 19 July 2004
[98] The Senate Legal and Constitutional Committee
Report Trick or Treaty? Commonwealth
Power to Make and Implement Treaties at pages 232-233 refers to evidence from
Professor de Q Walker of the University of Queensland, who argues that even the
most important treaties lack anything resembling a mandate from the electorate,
giving the example of the Closer Economic Relations (CER) treaty with New
Zealand. The CER had a major impact on the economy but was not mentioned in any
partys campaign during the federal election prior to its ratification.
[99] Joint Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs,
Defence and Trade Resolution of Appointment. See https://www.aph.gov.au/house/committee/jfadt/resoltn.htm,
accessed 31 October 2003.
[100] See JSCOT, Whos
Afraid of the WTO? Australia and the World Trade Organisation,
Recommendation 6, p.69
[101] Description provided at http://www.cwt.org/learn/whitepapers/tradepro.html,
accessed 29 October 2003
[102] Garnaut, R.
Vital Issues Seminar,
Parliamentary Library, 17 June 2004
[103] JSCOT, Whos
Afraid of the WTO? Australia and the World Trade Organisation,
Recommendation 1, p.26
[104] JSCOT, Whos
Afraid of the WTO? Australia and the World Trade Organisation,
Recommendation 2, p.33
[105] DFAT, Australia-United
States Free Trade Agreement: Guide to the Agreement, March 2004
[106] Joint Standing Committee on Treaties, Report 61: The Australia United States
Free Trade Agreement, June 2004, p.225
[107] WIPO Intellectual Property Handbook: Policy, Law
and Use, Chapter 1, p. 3 in Joint Standing Committee on Treaties, Report 61: The Australia United States
Free Trade Agreement, June 2004, p.226
[108] Joint Standing Committee on Treaties, Report 61: The Australia United States
Free Trade Agreement, June 2004, p.226
[109] Joint Standing Committee on Treaties, Report 61: The Australia United States
Free Trade Agreement, June 2004, p.226
[110] http://www.wipo.int/about-wipo/en/gib.htm#P61_9104,
accessed on 7 June 2004, in Joint Standing Committee on Treaties, Report 61: The Australia United States
Free Trade Agreement, June 2004, p.226
[111] D Richardson, Parliamentary Library, Intellectual property rights and the
Australia-US Free Trade Agreement, Research Paper No. 14 2003-04, 31 May
2004, p.1. The following section of Chapter 3 draws heavily on this paper.
[112] D Richardson, Parliamentary Library, Intellectual property rights and the
Australia-US Free Trade Agreement, Research Paper No. 14 2003-04, 31 May
2004, p.3
[113] See, for example, Submission 164, (Linux Australia).
[114] D Richardson, Parliamentary Library, Intellectual property rights and the
Australia-US Free Trade Agreement, Research Paper No. 14 2003-04, 31 May
2004, p.3
[115] Submission
26, p. 2 (Geist)
[116] Australia is a net importer of IP as measured by
the value of goods and services with IP content among Australia's imports and
exports: D Richardson, Department of Parliamentary Services, Intellectual property rights and the
Australia-US Free Trade Agreement, Research Paper No. 14 2003-04, 31 May
2004, footnote 26, p.23
[117] D Richardson, Parliamentary Library, Intellectual property rights and the
Australia-US Free Trade Agreement, Research Paper No. 14 2003-04, 31 May
2004, p.9-10
[118] For example, see Submission 336, p.4 (Australian Vice-Chancellors' Committee)
[119] D Richardson, Parliamentary Library, Intellectual property rights and the
Australia-US Free Trade Agreement, Research Paper No. 14 2003-04, 31 May
2004, p.4
[120] D Richardson, Parliamentary Library, Intellectual property rights and the
Australia-US Free Trade Agreement, Research Paper No. 14 2003-04, 31 May
2004, p.21
[121] Submission
26, p.2 (Geist). The Committee notes in this context that Canada has
consistently refused to extend duration of copyright beyond the Berne
Convention requirement, despite a long record of bilateral trade agreements
with the United States.
[122] Transcript
of Evidence, 6 July 2004, p.104, (Deady, DFAT)
[123] Transcript
of Evidence, 18 May 2004, p.104, (Harmer, DFAT)
[124] Transcript
of Evidence, 6 July 2004, p.105, (Deady, DFAT)
[125] Centre for International Economics, Economic analysis of AUSFTA: Impact of the
bilateral free trade agreement with the United States, Canberra and Sydney,
April 2004, at http://www.intecon.com.au/reports/AUSFTA.pdf,
p.39 (accessed 3 June 2004)
[126] Centre for International Economics, Economic analysis of AUSFTA: Impact of the
bilateral free trade agreement with the United States, Canberra and Sydney,
April 2004, at http://www.intecon.com.au/reports/AUSFTA.pdf,
p.39 (accessed 3 June 2004)
[127] Centre for International Economics, Economic analysis of AUSFTA: Impact of the
bilateral free trade agreement with the United States, Canberra and Sydney,
April 2004, at http://www.intecon.com.au/reports/AUSFTA.pdf,
p.39 (accessed 3 June 2004)
[128] Centre for International Economics, Economic analysis of AUSFTA: Impact of the
bilateral free trade agreement with the United States, Canberra and Sydney,
April 2004
[129] Transcript
of Evidence, 17 May 2004, p.27 (Rimmer)
[130] Transcript
of Evidence, 17 May 2004, p.6 (Rimmer)
[131] Transcript
of Evidence, 17 May 2004, p.26 (Rimmer)
[132] Transcript
of Evidence, 17 May 2004, p.6 (Rimmer)
[133] Investigation No. TA-2104-11, Publication 3697,
May 2004
[134] US International Trade Commission, U.S.-Australia Free Trade Agreement:
Potential Economywide and Selected Sectoral Effects, Investigation No.
TA-2104-11, Publication 3697, May 2004, pp.116-117
[135] Industry Functional Advisory Committee on
Intellectual Property Rights for Trade Policy Matters (IFAC-3), The U.S.-Australia Free Trade Agreement
(FTA) The Intellectual Property Provisions, 12 March 2004, p.8, at http://www.ustr.gov/new/fta/Australia/advisor/ifac03.pdf
(accessed 28 June 2004)
[136] IFAC-3, The
U.S.-Australia Free Trade Agreement (FTA) The Intellectual Property Provisions,
12 March 2004, p.10, at http://www.ustr.gov/new/fta/Australia/advisor/ifac03.pdf
(accessed 28 June 2004)
[137] IFAC-3, The
U.S.-Australia Free Trade Agreement (FTA) The Intellectual Property Provisions,
12 March 2004, p.10, at http://www.ustr.gov/new/fta/Australia/advisor/ifac03.pdf
(accessed 28 June 2004)
[138] Submission
183, p.61, (Rimmer)
[139] D Richardson, Department of Parliamentary
Services, Intellectual property rights
and the Australia-US Free Trade Agreement, Research Paper No. 14 2003-04,
31 May 2004, p.2
[140] Submission
336, p.4, (Australian Vice-Chancellors' Committee)
[141] Submission
220, p.7, (Music Council of Australia)
[142] Submission
163, p.18, (Australian Writers Guild, Australian Screen Directors
Association, Screen Producers Association of Australia)
[143] Answer to
Question on Notice, 4 May 2004, p.2, (Australian Writers Guild)
[144] Submission
298, p.5 (Australian Libraries' Copyright Committee)
[145] Transcript
of Evidence, 7 June 2004, p.91 (Gallagher, Inquit Pty Ltd)
[146] Transcript
of Evidence, 7 June 2004, p.94 (Gallagher, Inquit Pty Ltd)
[147] Transcript
of Evidence, 7 June 2004, p.92 (Gallagher, Inquit Pty Ltd)
[148] Transcript
of Evidence, 7 June 2004, p.92 (Gallagher, Inquit Pty Ltd)
[149] Submission
299, p. 6, (Australian Digital Alliance)
[150] Submission
294, p.4 (Weatherall)
[151] Submission
294A, p.4 (Weatherall)
[152] DFAT, Answers
to Questions on Notice, 15 July 2004, pp.5-6
[153] Submission
294, p.4 (Weatherall)
[154] Submission
294, p.4 (Weatherall)
[155] Transcript
of Evidence, 18 May 2004, p.101 (Harmer, DFAT)
[156] Transcript
of Evidence, 18 May 2004, p.102.(Hammer, DFAT)
[157] See, for example, Submission 183, pp:25-26, (Rimmer)
[158] See, for example, Submission 183, p.12, (Rimmer)
[159] Intellectual Property and Competition Review
Committee, Review of intellectual
property legislation under the Competition Principles Agreement, September
2000, p.13
[160] Government
Response to Intellectual Property and Competition Review Recommendations -
Information Package, at http://www.ag.gov.au/www/securitylawHome.nsf/Web+Pages/A6C3825011D8A8B1CA256C330000CF9A?OpenDocument,
p.1, accessed 7 June 2004
[161] Submission
294, p.12, (Weatherall)
[162] Australian Financial Review, 'Mickey Mouse holds
key to the future', 8 December 2003
[163] Submission
459, p.8, (Create Australia)
[164] Submission
220, p.7, (Music Council of Australia)
[165] Transcript
of Evidence, 4 May 2004, p.33, (Fraser, Copyright Agency Limited)
[166] Transcript
of Evidence, 4 May 2004, p.45, (Fraser, Copyright Agency Limited)
[167] The Allen Consulting Group, Copyright Term Extension: Australian Benefits and Costs, July
2003, at http://www.allenconsult.com.au/resources/MPA_Draft_final.pdf accessed 23 June 2004
[168] Submission
309, p.3, (Copyright Agency Limited)
[169] Submission
183, p.29, (Rimmer)
[170] L Lessig, 'Copyright Term Extension: does a bad
report cost more than a good report?', at http://www.lessig.org/blog/archives/001522.shtml accessed 22 June 2004
[171] L Lessig, 'Copyright Term Extension: does a bad
report cost more than a good report?', at http://www.lessig.org/blog/archives/001522.shtml accessed 22 June 2004
[172] L Lessig, 'Copyright Term Extension: does a bad
report cost more than a good report?', at http://www.lessig.org/blog/archives/001522.shtml accessed 22 June 2004
[173] L Lessig, 'Copyright Term Extension: does a bad
report cost more than a good report?', at http://www.lessig.org/blog/archives/001522.shtml accessed 22 June 2004
[174] M Lee, 'Copyright Term Extension: the pressure rises',
The Australian Digital Alliance Monthly Intellectual
Property Wrap-Up, October 2003, at http://www.digital.org.au/issue/ipwoct03.htm accessed 23 June 2004
[175] Submission
462, p.3, (Australian Copyright Council).
[176] Submission
520, p.2, (Viscopy)
[177] Submission
520, p.2, (Viscopy)
[178] Submission
178, p.4 (Business Software Association of Australia)
[179] Transcript
of Evidence, 4 May 2004, p.35, (Fraser, Copyright Agency Limited)
[180] See, for example, Attorney General, the Hon
Philip Ruddock MP, 'Opening Address Australian Centre for IP and Agriculture
Conference: Copyright: Unlucky for Some', http://www.ag.gov.au/www/ministerruddockhome.nsf/Alldocs/RWP21E60A98ACC4ECE2CA256E3B0080AA84?OpenDocument&highlight=unlucky%20for%20some accessed 16 June 2004.
[181] D Richardson, Department of Parliamentary
Services, Intellectual property rights
and the Australia-US Free Trade Agreement, Research Paper No. 14 2003-04,
31 May 2004, p.10
[182] Transcript
of Evidence, 21 June 2004, p.17, (Deady, DFAT)
[183] Submission
336, p.5, (Australian Vice-Chancellors' Committee)
[184] Submission
336, p.5, (Australian Vice-Chancellors' Committee)
[185] Submission
299, p.4, (Australian Digital Alliance)
[186] Submission
298, p.8, (Australian Libraries' Copyright Committee)
[187] Transcript
of Evidence, 18 May 2004, p.104, (Harmer, DFAT)
[188] Transcript
of Evidence, 18 May 2004, p.104, (Harmer, DFAT)
[189] Submission
183, p.43, (Rimmer)
[190] P Dee, The
Australia- US Free Trade Agreement: An Assessment, paper prepared for the
Senate Select Committee on the Free Trade Agreement between Australia and the
United States, June 2004, p.31
[191] P Dee, The
Australia- US Free Trade Agreement: An Assessment, paper prepared for the
Senate Select Committee on the Free Trade Agreement between Australia and the
United States, June 2004, p.22
[192] Transcript
of Evidence, 6 July 2004, p.17, (Brown, DFAT)
[193] Joint Standing Committee on Treaties, Report 61: The Australia United States
Free Trade Agreement, June 2004, p.231
[194] (2003) 123 S. Ct. 769
[195] Eldred v
Ashcroft (2003) 123 S. Ct. 769 at 806.
[196] Eldred v
Ashcroft (2003) 123 S. Ct. 769 at 813.
[197] Eldred v
Ashcroft (2003) 123 S. Ct. 769 at 801
[198] Submission
183, p.17, (Rimmer)
[199] Submission
183, p.24, (Rimmer)
[200] Attorney General, the Hon Philip Ruddock MP,
'Opening Address Australian Centre for IP and Agriculture Conference:
Copyright: Unlucky for Some', http://www.ag.gov.au/www/ministerruddockhome.nsf/Alldocs/RWP21E60A98ACC4ECE2CA256E3B0080AA84?OpenDocument&highlight=unlucky%20for%20some accessed 16 June 2004.
[201] Submission
183, p.37, (Rimmer)
[202] Submission
183, p.37, (Rimmer)
[203] D Richardson, Department of Parliamentary
Services, Intellectual property rights
and the Australia-US Free Trade Agreement, Research Paper No. 14 2003-04,
31 May 2004, p.10.
[204] Answer to
Question on Notice, 4 May 2004, p.2, (Australian Writers Guild)
[205] Submission
298, p.7, (Australian Libraries' Copyright Committee)
[206] Submission
299, pp.6-7, (Australian Digital Alliance)
[207] Transcript
of Evidence, 7 June 2004, p:59, (Britton, Australian Consumers'
Association)
[208] Submission
282, p.8, (Electronic Frontiers Australia)
[209] Submission
294A, p.13, (Weatherall)
[210] Submission
282, p. 8, (Electronic Frontiers Australia)
[211] Submission
282, p.8, (Electronic Frontiers Australia)
[212] Submission
183, p.39, (Rimmer)
[213] Transcript
of Evidence, 17 May 2004, p.6, (Rimmer)
[214] Transcript
of Evidence, 17 May 2004, p.40, (Rimmer)
[215] DFAT, Answers
to Questions on Notice, 15 July 2004, p.1
[216] Submission
341, p.3, (Select Audio-Visual Distribution Company)
[217] Submission
341, p.3, (Select Audio-Visual Distribution Company)
[218] Transcript
of Evidence, 17 May 2004, p.29, (Rimmer)
[219] Transcript
of Evidence, 18 May 2004, p.105, (Harmer, DFAT)
[220] DFAT, Answers
to Questions on Notice, 15 July 2004, p.3
[221] DFAT, Answers
to Questions on Notice, 15 July 2004, p.40
[222] Submission
294, p.17, (Weatherall)
[223] See Desktop
Marketing Systems v Telstra Corporation (2002) 119 FCR 491
[224] See Feist
Publications Inc v Rural Telephone Service 499 US 340 (1991)
[225] Submission
183, p.40, (Rimmer); Submission 294, p.17, (Weatherall)
[226] Transcript
of Evidence, 17 May 2004, p.12, (Rimmer)
[227] Submission
294, p.17, (Weatherall)
[228] Submission
336, p.3, (Australian Vice-Chancellors' Committee)
[229] Submission
522, p.11, (Australian Consumers' Association)
[230] Submission
294, pp.17-18, (Weatherall)
[231] Submission
183, pp.40-41, (Rimmer)
[232] Submission
183, p.41, (Rimmer); Submission 294, p.18, (Weatherall)
[233] Copyright Law Review Committee, Simplification of the Copyright Act 1968
Part 1: Exceptions to the Exclusive Rights of Copyright Owners, September
1998, Recommendation 2.03
[234] Submission
294A, p.6, (Weatherall)
[235] Transcript
of Evidence, 18 May 2004, p.93, (Harmer, DFAT)
[236] Submission
294A, p.6, (Weatherall)
[237] Transcript
of Evidence, 18 May 2004, p.102, (Creswell, Attorney-General's Department)
[238] DFAT, Answers
to Questions on Notice, 15 July 2004, pp:1-2
[239] Submission
294, p.18, (Weatherall)
[240] Transcript
of Evidence, 17 May 2004, p.14, (Rimmer)
[241] Transcript
of Evidence, 7 June 2004, p.60, (Britton, Australian Consumers'
Association)
[242] Submission
299, p.7, (Australian Digital Alliance)
[243] Submission
520, p.4, (Viscopy)
[244] Transcript
of Evidence, 17 May 2004, p.15, (Fraser, Copyright Agency Ltd)
[245] Submission
133A, p.2 (Australian Record Industry Association)
[246] Submission
133A, p. 2 (Australian Record Industry Association)
[247] Submission
522, p.13, (Australian Consumers' Association)
[248] W M Landes and R A Posner, Indefinitely Renewable Copyright, University of Chicago Law School,
John M Olin Law and Economics Working Paper, No. 154 (2D Series), 2002
[249] The Allen Consulting Group, Copyright Term Extension: Australian Benefits and Costs, July
2003, Appendix A1, p.38, at http://www.allenconsult.com.au/resources/MPA_Draft_final.pdf
accessed 23 June 2004
[250] http://www.wordiq.com/definition/Time_shifting
in Joint Standing Committee on Treaties, Report
61: The Australia United States Free Trade Agreement, June 2004, p.236
[251] http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/space_shifting.html
in Joint Standing Committee on Treaties, Report
61: The Australia United States Free Trade Agreement, June 2004, p.236
[252] Joint Standing Committee on Treaties, Report 61: The Australia United States
Free Trade Agreement, June 2004, p.237
[253] Transcript
of Evidence, 3 June 2004, p.66, (Deady, DFAT)
[254] Joint Standing Committee on Treaties, Transcript of Evidence, 14 May 2004,
p.51 (Harmer, DFAT)
[255] Transcript
of Evidence, 18 May 2004, p.93, (Harmer, DFAT). Although the Committee
notes the response to a question on notice from DFAT in relation to the
operation of the Trade Practices Act 1974.
[256] Submission
294A, p.9, (Weatherall)
[257] P Dee, The
Australia US Free Trade Agreement: An Assessment, paper prepared for the Senate Select Committee on the
Free Trade Agreement between Australia and the United States of America, June
2004, p.14
[258] See DFAT, Australia-United
States Free Trade Agreement, Guide to the Agreement, para. 5.3
[259] Copyright Law Review Committee, Copyright and Contract, October 2002,
Recommendation 7.49.
[260] Transcript
of Evidence, 17 May 2004, p.14, (Rimmer)
[261] DFAT, Answers
to Questions on Notice, 15 July 2004, p. 4
[262] Transcript
of Evidence, 17 May 2004, p.14, (Rimmer)
[263] DFAT, Answers
to Questions on Notice, 13 July 2004, p.10
[264] DFAT, Australia-United
States Free Trade Agreement, Guide to the Agreement, para. 5.3
[265] Submission
299, p.8, (Australian Digital Alliance)
[266] Phillips Fox, Digital Agenda Review: Report and recommendations, January 2004, at
http://www.ag.gov.au/DigitalAgendaReview/reportrecommendations accessed 7 June 2004
[267] Phillips Fox, Digital Agenda Review: Report and recommendations, January 2004, at
http://www.ag.gov.au/DigitalAgendaReview/reportrecommendations accessed 7 June 2004
[268] Submission
294, p.20, (Weatherall)
[269] J Varghese, Parliamentary Library, Guide to Copyright and Patent Law Changes in
the US Free Trade Agreement Implementation Bill 2004, Appendix 3, p.29.
[270] J Varghese, Parliamentary Library, Guide to Copyright and Patent Law Changes in
the US Free Trade Agreement Implementation Bill 2004, Appendix 3, p.30.
[271] J Varghese, Parliamentary Library, Guide to Copyright and Patent Law Changes in
the US Free Trade Agreement Implementation Bill 2004, Appendix 3, p.30.
[272] Submission
299, p.5, (Australian Digital Alliance)
[273] Attorney-General's Department, Review of
Copyright Digital Agenda reforms, at http://www.ag.gov.au/www/securitylawHome.nsf/Alldocs/RWP18B3985DD6A0767FCA256D9D00815B56?OpenDocument&highlight=review%20of%20copyright%20digital%20agenda%20reforms accessed 7 June 2004.
[274] DFAT, Answers
to Questions on Notice, 15 July 2004, p.5
[275] Submission
178, p.3, (Business Software Association of Australia)
[276] Submission
309, p.8, (Copyright Agency Ltd)
[277] Submission
300, p.11, (Australian Film Industry Coalition)
[278] P Dee, The
Australia US Free Trade Agreement: An Assessment, paper prepared for the Senate Select Committee on the
Free Trade Agreement between Australia and the United States of America, June
2004, p.13
[279] Submission
164, pp.8-9, (Linux Australia)
[280] Submission
26, p.1, (Geist)
[281] Submission
164, p.10, (Linux Australia)
[282] Submission
294, p.24, (Weatherall)
[283] Transcript
of Evidence, 17 May 2004, pp:3-4 (Scott)
[284] Submission
299, p.8 (Australian Digital Alliance)
[285] Submission
299, p.8 (Australian Digital Alliance)
[286] Submission
298, p.9 (Australian Libraries' Copyright Committee)
[287] Submission
522, p.13 (Australian Consumers' Association).
[288] Submission
294, p.21 (Weatherall)
[289] Explanatory
Memorandum to the Parallel Importation Bill 2001 (Cwlth)
[290] Australian Competition and Consumer Commission,
'Consumers Lose in Playstation Decision', 31 July 2003, at http://www.accc.gov.au/content/index.phtml/itemId/345939 accessed 7 June 2004.
[291] Submission
522, p.16 (Australian Consumers' Association)
[292] Submission
522, p.16 (Australian Consumers' Association)
[293] Transcript
of Evidence, 6 July 2004, p.197 (Harmer, DFAT)
[294] Transcript
of Evidence, 6 July 2004, p.197 (Harmer, DFAT)
[295] Transcript
of Evidence, 6 July 2004, p.122 (Deady, DFAT)
[296] DFAT, Answers
to Questions on Notice, 13 July 2004, p.14
[297] Transcript
of Evidence, 18 May 2004, p.91-92 (Cordina, DCITA)
[298] Transcript
of Evidence, 18 May 2004, p.92 (Harmer, DFAT)
[299] Transcript
of Evidence, 18 May 2004, p. 95 (Harmer, DFAT)
[300] DFAT, Answers
to Questions on Notice, 13 July 2004, pp.8-9
[301] Transcript
of Evidence, 17 May 2004, (Russell, Linux Australia)
[302] DFAT, Answers
to Questions on Notice, 13 July 2004, p.11
[303] DFAT, Answers
to Questions on Notice, 13 July 2004, p.7
[304] DFAT, Answers
to Questions on Notice, 13 July 2004, p.7
[305] Transcript
of Evidence, 3 June 2004, p.66 (Deady, DFAT)
[306] Transcript
of Evidence, 3 June 2004, p.67 (Deady, DFAT)
[307] Transcript
of Evidence, 18 May 2004, p.102 (Harmer, DFAT)
[308] Transcript
of Evidence, 18 May 2004, p.106 (Harmer, DFAT)
[309] Submission
299, p.9 (Australian Digital Alliance)
[310] Submission
282, p.12 (Electronic Frontiers Australia)
[311] Submission
282, p.14 (Electronic Frontiers Australia)
[312] Submission
493, p.4 (The University of Melbourne)
[313] Submission
493, p.5 (The University of Melbourne)
[314] Submission
299, p.14 (Australian Digital Alliance)
[315] Transcript
of Evidence, 17 May 2004, p.85 (Coroneos, Internet Industry Association)
[316] Submission
298, p.14 (Australian Libraries' Copyright Committee)
[317] Transcript
of Evidence, 17 May 2004, p.85 (Coroneos, Internet Industry Association)
[318] Intellectual Property and Competition Review
Committee, Review of intellectual
property legislation under the Competition Principles Agreement, September
2000.
[319] DFAT, Answers
to Questions on Notice, 13 July 2004, p.4
[320] See, for example, Submission 294, pp:27 (Weatherall); Submission 282, p.12 (Electronic Frontiers Australia)
[321] See, for example, Submission 294, pp:27 (Weatherall); Submission 282, p.12 (Electronic Frontiers Australia)
[322] Phillips Fox, Digital Agenda Review: Report and recommendations, January 2004, at
http://www.ag.gov.au/DigitalAgendaReview/reportrecommendations accessed 7 June 2004
[323] Transcript
of Evidence, 17 May 2004, p.7 (Flahvin, AVCC)
[324] Transcript
of Evidence, 17 May 2004, p.83 (Coroneos, Internet Industry Association)
[325] For example, Submission
301 (Interactive Entertainment Association of Australia); Submission 178 (Business Software
Association of Australia); Submission 520
(Viscopy).
[326] Transcript
of Evidence, 8 June 2004, p.4 (Williams, Australian Film Industry
Coalition)
[327] Transcript
of Evidence, 8 June 2004, p.4 (Williams, Australian Film Industry
Coalition)
[328] Transcript
of Evidence, 8 June 2004, pp.5-6 (Speck, Music Industry Piracy
Investigations)
[329] Transcript
of Evidence, 8 June 2004, p.13 (Speck, Music Industry Piracy
Investigations)
[330] Transcript
of Evidence, 8 June 2004, p.15 (Williams, Australian Film Industry
Coalition).
[331] Joint Standing Committee on Treaties, Transcript of Evidence, 2 April, p. 69
(Harmer, DFAT)
[332] Minister for Communications, the Hon Daryl
Williams AM QC MP, 'The Year Past and
the Year Ahead for the Internet: the Government's perspective', Internet Industry Association (IIA) annual
gala dinner, at http://www.dcita.gov.au/Article/0,,0_7-2_4011-4_117825,00.html accessed 14 July 2004
[333] Joint Standing Committee on Treaties, Report 61: The Australia United States
Free Trade Agreement, June 2004, p.242
[334] Phillips Fox, Digital Agenda Review: Report and recommendations, January 2004,
p.95 at http://www.ag.gov.au/DigitalAgendaReview/reportrecommendations accessed 7 June 2004
[335] Phillips Fox, Digital Agenda Review: Report and recommendations, January 2004,
p.98 at http://www.ag.gov.au/DigitalAgendaReview/reportrecommendations accessed 7 June 2004
[336] H Ergas, 'Patent protection an FTA
complication', Australian Financial
Review, 24 February 2004
[337] H Ergas, 'Patent protection an FTA
complication', Australian Financial
Review, 24 February 2004
[338] H Ergas, 'Patent protection an FTA
complication', Australian Financial
Review, 24 February 2004
[339] Submission
282, p.14 (Electronic Frontiers Australia)
[340] Transcript
of Evidence, 17 May 2004, p.49 (Russell, Linux Australia)
[341] Submission
164, p.1 (Linux Australia)
[342] Submission
164, pp.17-18 (Linux Australia)
[343] Submission
164, p.18 (Linux Australia)
[344] Transcript
of Evidence, 17 May 2004, p.105 (Scott)
[345] Transcript
of Evidence, 18 May 2004, p.105 (Harmer, DFAT)
[346] DFAT, Answers
to Questions on Notice, 13 July 2004, p.8
[347] See further J Varghese, Parliamentary Library,
Guide to Copyright and Patent Law Changes
in the US Free Trade Agreement Implementation Bill 2004, Appendix 3.
[348] See Transcript
of Evidence, 21 June 2004
[349] www.health.gov.au/pbs/general/aboutus.htm,
accessed 26 July 2004
[350] Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Australia's Health 2004, p.237
[351] Productivity Commission, International Pharmaceutical Price Differences, Research Report,
July 2001, p.6
[352] Congressional
Record House, 14 July 2004, p. H5717 (Mr Tom Allen)
[353] Congressional
Record Extensions of Remarks, 16 July 2004, pp.E1397-E1398 (Mr Henry A.
Waxman)
[354] Congressional
Record Extensions of Remarks, 16 July 2004, p.E1399 (Mr Mark Udall)
[355] See House
Hansard, 26 May 2003, p. 14869 (Vaile) and House Hansard, 13 August 2003, p.18408 (Vaile).
[356] Transcript of the Prime Minister the Hon John
Howard MP, Ryde Business Forum, Sydney, 21 November 2003, found at:
www.pm.gov.au/news/speeches/speech589.html accessed 26 July 2004
[357] Senate
Hansard, 2 December 2003, p. 18638 (Campbell)
[358] Chief Negotiator Mr Stephen Deady told this
committee that, 'discussions' on the PBS commenced in the first round of
negotiations in March 2003. Transcript of
Evidence, 21 June 2004, p.23 (Deady).
[359] According to the AMA, their expressions of
concern early in the piece that the PBS was on the table in the FTA
negotiations were met with denials that the PBS was part of the negotiation
process. Transcript of Evidence, 21
June 2004, p.30 (Haikerwal, AMA).
[360] (US) Trade Act of 2002, 107-210, 2102(b)(8)(D).
Deputy Trade Representative Josette Sheeran Shiner confirmed that this section
applies to pharmaceuticals in evidence before a Joint Session of the (US)
Senate Finance Committee, Subcommittees of Health and Trade, April 27 2004,
"International Trade and Pharmaceuticals", p.5
[361] Productivity Commission, International Pharmaceutical Price Differences, Research Report,
July 2001, pp.4-5 (footnotes omitted)
[362] Transcript
of Evidence, 21 June 2004, p.12
(Deady, DFAT)
[363] Submissions relating to the PBS were received
from, among others (submission numbers in brackets): the Doctors Reform Society
(407), the Australian Consumers Association (522), the Australia Institute
(171), the Public Health Association of Australia (369), Dr Thomas Faunce et al
(129), Dr Ken Harvey (80), the Australian Medical Association (105),
Catholic Health Australia (405), the National Centre for Epidemiology and
Population Health (445), Healthy Skepticism (467), Generic Medicines Industry
Association (75), Medicines Australia (140), Australasian Society for HIV
Medicine (349), National Association of People with HIV/AIDS (175), Australian
Nursing Federation (147), Queensland Nurses Union (54).
[364] New South Wales Government (Submission 69), Queensland Government (Submission 66), Victorian Government (Submission 66), Western Australian Government (Submission 142)
[365] See, for example, Transcript of Evidence, 4 May 2004, p.87 (Harvey)
[366] Dr Ken Harvey, Answer to
question on notice, 4 May 2004, no.2
[367] Transcript
of Evidence, 21 June 2004, p. 19 (Lopert, DoHA)
[368] Transcript
of Evidence, 21 June 2004, p. 19 (Lopert, DoHA)
[369] Transcript
of Evidence, 21 June 2004, p.9 (Faunce)
[370] Transcript
of Evidence,4 May 2004, p.91 (Harvey)
[371] Transcript
of Evidence, 21 June 2004, p.42 (Lopert, DoHA)
[372] "Pact with US approved but drug scheme
doubts", The Weekend Australian,
17 July 2004
[373] Transcript
of Evidence, 21 June 2004, p.13 and p.16 (Deady, DFAT) and Transcript of Evidence, 21 June 2004,
p.18 (Lopert, DoHA)
[374] Transcript
of Evidence, 21 June 2004, p.38, p.39 (Deady, DFAT)
[375] Transcript
of Evidence, 21 June 2004, pp.51-52 (Lopert, DoHA)
[376] Transcript
of Evidence, 21 June 2004, p.41 (Deady, DFAT)
[377] Australian Medical Association Federal Council
Resolution of 28 May 2004
[378] Joint Standing Committee on Treaties, Report 61: The Australia-United States Free Trade Agreement, Recommendation 5,
p.90
[379] Minister for Trade, Side letter to AUSFTA of 18
May 2004, 1(d)
[380] DFAT and DoHA, Answer to Question on Notice, 7 July 2004
[381] Transcript
of Evidence, 6 July 2004, p.80, (Lopert, DoHA)
[382] Minister for Health and Ageing, AUSFTA Implementation of the Obligations
to Improve Transparency of the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme: Public
Consultation Document, 25 July 2004, p.5
[383] Transcript
of Evidence, 21 June 2004, p.37 (Lopert, DoHA)
[384] DFAT and DoHA, Answer to Question on Notice, 7 July 2004
[385] DFAT and DoHA, Answer to Question on Notice, 7 July 2004
[386] Transcript
of Evidence, 21 June 2004, p.37, (Deady, DFAT)
[387] See, for example, Submission 508, Queensland Government, p.8
[388] Submission
369, Public Health Association of Australia, p.2
[389] Submission
105, Australian Medical Association , p.2
[390] Submission
142, Western Australian Government, p.4
[391] Submission
44, Professor Peter Drahos, Dr Thomas Faunce, Martyn Goddard and Professor
David Henry, p.42
[392] DFAT, Australia-United
States Free Trade Agreement: Guide to the Agreement, March 2004, p.11
[393] Transcript
of Evidence, 6 July 2004, p.101 (Lopert, DoHA and Myler, DFAT)
[394] DFAT, Answer
to question on notice, 7 July 2004
[395] DFAT, Answer
to question on notice, 7 July 2004
[396] Dr Ken Harvey, Answer to
question on notice, 4 May 2004, no. 19
[397] Transcript
of Evidence, 5 May 2004, p.89 (Faunce)
[398] Josette Sheeran Shiner, Evidence to a Joint
Session of the (US) Senate Finance Committee, Subcommittees of Health and
Trade, April 27 2004, "International Trade and Pharmaceuticals", p.5
[399] Congressional
Record Senate, 15 July 2004, p.S8208 (Senator Kyl)
[400] Submission
105, Australian Medical Association, p.3
[401] Congressional
Record House of Representatives, 13 July 2004, p.H5615 (Mr Brown)
[402] Congressional
Record Senate, 15 July 2004, p.S8208 (Senator Kyl)
[403] Transcript
of Evidence, 15 June 2004, p.30 (Garnaut)
[404] Deputy US Trade Representative Josette Sheeran
Shiner confirms that "the US-Australia FTA [is] the first to include
special provisions addressing market access for pharmaceuticals".
Testimony before a Joint Session of the (US) Senate Finance Committee,
Subcommittees of Health and Trade, April 27 2004, "International Trade and
Pharmaceuticals", p.5
[405] Submission
no. 142, WA Government, p.5
[406] Submission
142, WA Government, p.5
[407] Submission
142, WA Government, p.5
[408] Submission
171, Australia Institute, p.2. No
source is given in the submission for this statement.
[409] Centre for International Economics, Economic Analysis of AUSFTA, report
prepared for DFAT, April 2004, p.42
[410] Centre for International Economics, Economic Analysis of AUSFTA, report
prepared for DFAT, April 2004, p.42
[411] Dr Buddhima Lokuge, Dr Thomas Faunce, Richard
Denniss, "A backdoor to higher medicine prices? Intellectual property and
the Australia-US Free Trade Agreement", Australia Institute, November
2003, (Submission no. 171b), p.23
[412] Transcript
of Evidence, 6 July 2004, p.97 (Deady, DFAT)
[413] DFAT, Answer
to question on notice, 18 May 2004, no. 22
[414] This is explained in more detail in Appendix 4,
Dr Kate Burton and Jacob Varghese, The
PBS and the Australia-US Free Trade Agreement, Parliamentary Library Research
Note no. 3, 21 July 2004
[415] Dr Kate Burton and Jacob Varghese, The PBS and the Australia-US Free Trade Agreement,
Parliamentary Library Research Note no. 3,
21 July 2004 (Appendix 4)
[416] Transcript
of Evidence, 21 June 2004, pp.4-6 (Faunce, Lokuge)
[417] This number refers to the draft text, which was
renumbered as 17.10.4 in the final text.
[418] Submission 75, Generic Medicines Industry
Association, p.2
[419] Submission
75, Generic Medicines Industry Association, p.2
[420] Transcript
of Evidence, 21 July 2004, p.5 (Faunce)
[421] Submission
75, Generic Medicines Industry Association, p.2
[422] Submission
75, Generic Medicines Industry Association, p.2
[423] Submission
75, Generic Medicines Industry Association,, pp.2-3
[424] Submission
75, Generic Medicines Industry Association, Attachment, p.ii
[425] Transcript
of Evidence, 21 June 2004, p.5 (Faunce)
[426] The amendments to the Therapeutic Goods Act 1989 are found in Schedule 7 of the US Free
Trade Implementation Bill 2004
[427] The maximum penalty is a fine of 1,000 penalty
units, which is currently $110,000
[428] According to the Explanatory Memorandum, the Criminal Code Act 1995 (the Criminal
Code) provides that 'recklessness' is the necessary mental element which would
apply to the false or misleading nature of the certificate provided by the
applicant Recklessness can be established by proving intention, knowledge or
recklessness. (See subsections 5.6(2) and 5.4(4) of the Criminal Code). US Free
Trade Agreement Implementation Bill 2004, Explanatory Memorandum, para 225.
[429] Transcript
of Evidence, 6 July 2004, p.82 (Deady, DFAT)
[430] Transcript
of Evidence, 6 July 2004, p.83 (Lopert, DoHA)
[431] FTA Implementation Bill 2004, Schedule 7 part 6
[432] Transcript
of Evidence, 6 July 2004, p.97 (Deady, DFAT)
[433] Submission
140, Medicines Australia, p.21
[434] Dr Kate Burton and Jacob Varghese, The PBS and the Australia-US Free Trade Agreement,
Parliamentary Library Research Note no. 3,
21 July 2004 (Appendix 4)
[435] Dr Buddhima Lokuge, Dr Thomas Faunce, Richard
Denniss, "A backdoor to higher medicine prices? Intellectual property and
the Australia-US Free Trade Agreement", Australia Institute, November
2003, (Submission 171b), p.8
[436] Dr Philippa Dee, Supplementary note prepared for
the Senate Select Committee on the Free Trade Agreement between Australia and
the United States of America, 15 July 2004, p.7
[437] DFAT, Answer
to question on notice, 7 July 2004
[438] Transcript
of Evidence, 6 July 2004, p.100 (Deady, DFAT)
[439] US International Trade Commission, US-Australia Free Trade Agreement: Potential
Economywide and Selected Sectoral Effects, USITC Publication 3697, May
2004, p.115.
[440] Transcript
of Evidence, 6 July 2004, p.97 (Deady, DFAT)
[441] Transcript
of Evidence, 6 July 2004, p.98 (Deady, DFAT)
[442] Transcript
of Evidence, 21 June 2004, p.6 (Faunce)
[443] Transcript
of Evidence, 21 June 2004, p.17 (Deady, DFAT)
[444] For example, Mattias Ganslandt and Keith E.
Maskus, "Parallel Imports of Pharmaceutical Products in the European
Union", World Bank Research Working Paper no. 2630, 1999, accessed 16 July
2004 at: http://econ.worldbank.org/view.php?id=2240
[445] Dr Kate Burton and Jacob Varghese, The PBS and the Australia-US Free Trade Agreement,
Parliamentary Library Research Note no. 3,
21 July 2004 (At Appendix 4)
[446] See, for example, Congressional Record, House, 14 July 2004, pp.H5968 H5720
[447] Congressional
Record, House, 14 July 2004, p.H5699 (Mr Stark)
[448] Patents
Act 1990 s133(2)
[449] Transcript
of Evidence, 21 June 2004, p.7 (Faunce)
[450] Transcript
of Evidence, 21 June 2004, p.18 (Deady, DFAT)
[451] Transcript
of Evidence, 21 June 2004, p.53 (Deady, DFAT)
[452] TRIPs Article 31.
[453] Transcript
of Evidence, 21 June 2004, p. 6 (Faunce)
[454] Transcript
of Evidence, 21 June 2004, p.17 (Deady, DFAT)
[455] Transcript
of Evidence, 6 July 2004, p.129 (Quinn, DFAT)
[456] US International Trade Commission, US-Australia Free Trade Agreement: Potential
Economywide and Selected Sectoral Effects, USITC Publication 3697, May
2004, pp.115-116
[457] Submission
143, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, p.6
[458] Submission
69, New South Wales Government, p.3
[459] Submission
143, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, p.9
[460] Submission
143, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, pp.9-10
[461] Submission
143, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, p.4
[462] Submission
69, New South Wales Government, p.3
[463] Submission
143, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, p.5
[464] DFAT, Fact
Sheet Health,
www.dfat.gov.au/trade/negotiations/us_fta/outcomes/10_health, accessed 30 April
2004
[465] Transcript
of Evidence, 22 June 2004, p.40 (Coy, Baxter Healthcare)
[466] www.affa.gov.au
>Market Access and Biosecurity - accessed 6 July 2004
[467] www.affa.gov.au
> Market Access and Biosecurity - accessed 6 July 2004
[468] AQIS's quarantine operations at
airports and seaports include the use of Quarantine Officers, specially trained
sniffer dogs, and sophisticated imaging machines, all of which are designed to
detect unauthorised importations of quarantineable material. This quarantine
service has approximately 700 officers and a range of officers in state
government departments. The Australian governments and the industries that
benefit from international trade contribute to the cost of maintaining an
effective quarantine service in Australia.
[469] www.affa.gov.au >
content > publications - accessed 6
July 2004
[470] www.aphis.usda.gov/ipa/about/welcome.html -accessed
25 May 2004
[471] www.wto.org accessed 7 July 2004
[472] www.affa.gov.au >documents > market access >
biosecurity - accessed 26 May 2004
[473] For more information see www.codexalimentarius
[474] For more information see www.oie.int
[475] For more information see www.ippc.int
[476] www.affa.gov.au -"Guidelines
for Import Risk Analysis - Draft September 2001" p.3
[477] www.affa.gov.au > Market Access and
Biosecurity accessed 7 July 2004
[478] Transcript
of Evidence, 18 May 2004, p.4, (Greville, DAFF)
[479] Submission
291, p.19, (Australian Pork Limited)
[480] Submission
153, p.3, (NFF)
[481] Transcript
of Evidence, 15 June 2004, (Webster - Horticulture)
[482] Submission
291, p.19, (Australian Pork
Industry)
[483] Transcript
of Evidence, 18 May 2004, p.7, (Gosper, DFAT)
[484] Transcript
of Evidence, 6 July 2004, p.25, (Deady, DFAT)
[485] Transcript
of Evidence, 6 July 2004, p.5, (Greville, DAFF)
[486] Transcript
of Evidence, 6 July 2004, p.6, (Greville, DAFF)
[487] Submission
528, p.9, (FASTS)
[488] See Submissions
- Chicken (108); Pork (291), FASTS (534)
[489] Joint Standing Committee on Treaties, Transcript of Evidence, 14 May 2004, p.66,
(Greville, DAFF)
[490] Transcript
of Evidence, 6 July 2004, p.32, (Greville, DAFF)
[491] Transcript
of Evidence, 6 July 2004, p.25, (Deady, DFAT)
[492] Submission
528, p.9, (FASTS)
[493] United States International Trade Commission,
"US-Australia Free Trade Agreement: Potential Economywide and Selected
Sectoral Effects"' May 2004, pp.54, 56, 59
[494] Submission
108, p.7, (Australian Chicken Meat Federation Inc)
[495] Submission
291, p.19, (Australian Pork Limited)
[496] Submission
307, pp.3-5, (Professor Weiss &
Dr Thurbon)
[497] Submission
307, pp.3-5, (Professor Weiss &
Dr Thurbon)
[498] Submission
142, p.2, (WA) & Joint Standing
Committee on Treaties, Submission 66, p.5 (NSW) & 206, p.9, (QLD)
[499] Submission
153, pp.5-6, (NFF)
[500] www.ustr.gov
> Trade Facts, p.2, 8 February 2004
[501] Transcript
of Evidence, 18 May 2004, p.7, (Gosper, DFAT)
[502] Transcript
of Evidence, 18 May 2004, p.55, (Greville, DAFF)
[503] Submission
108, p.7, (Australian Chicken Meat
Federation Inc)
[504] The four objectives are outlined in DFAT "
Guide to the Agreement", March 2004, p.126
[505] Transcript
of Evidence, 18 May 2004, p.39, (Sparkes, DFAT)
[506] Submission
291, pp.18-19, (Australian Pork
Limited)
[507] Transcript
of Evidence, 6 July 2004, p.7, (Greville, DAFF)
[508] Transcript
of Evidence, 6 July 2004, p.3, (Greville, DAFF)
[509] Transcript
of Evidence, 6 July 2004, p.3, (Greville, DAFF)
[510] AUSFTA Chapter 11 Investment, Article 11.3 -
Investment Non-Conforming Measures
[511] AUSFTA Chapter 10 Cross-boarder Trade in
Services, Article 10.6 Services Non-Conforming Measures
[512] Non-conforming measures are those that are
identified in the relevant schedule that do not conform with the obligations on
national treatment, most-favoured nation treatment, performance rights, market
access, local presence and senior management and boards of directors.
[513] http://www.dfat.gov.au/trade/negotiations/us_fta/backgrounder/audiovisual.html
[514] http://www.aba.gov.au/tv/content/index.htm,
accessed 8 June 2004
[515] Australian Film Commission, Annual Report
2002-2003, http://www.afc.gov.au/archive/annrep/ar02_03/ar001.html,
accessed 10 June 2004
[516] http://www.ffc.gov.au/about/
accessed 10 June 2004
[517] Transcript
of Evidence, 4 May 2004, p.2 (Elliott, AWG)
[518] Minister for Trade, Hon. Mark Vaile MP, Speech
to the Business Breakfast Roundtable on USAFTA, 20 February 2004, p.5
[519] Transcript
of Evidence, 4 May 2004, p.2, (Elliott, MEAA)
[520] Transcript
of Evidence, 4 May 2004, pp.2-3, (Elliott, MEAA)
[521] Supplementary
Submission 85, pp.8-9, (MEAA)
[522] Submission
130, pp.8-9, (ABA)
[523] http://www.dfat.gov.au/trade/negotiations/us_fta/backgrounder/audiovisual.html
[524] Submission
459 , p.13, (Create Australia)
[525] Transcript
of Evidence, 4 May 2004, p.17, (Harris, MEAA)
[526] Supplementary
Submission 85, p.9, (MEAA)
[527] Transcript
of Evidence, p.17, (Elliott, Brown, MEAA)
[528] Transcript
of Evidence, p.19, (Herd, MEAA)
[529] Joint Standing Committee on Treaties, Report 61, The Australia-United States Free Trade Agreement, p.181
[530] Joint Standing Committee on Treaties, Report 61 The Australia-United States Free
Trade Agreement, p.178
[531] Transcript
of Evidence, 4 May 2004, p.20, (Harris, MEAA)
[532] Supplementary
submission 85, p.9, (MEAA)
[533] Supplementary
submission 85, p.9, (MEAA)
[534] Transcript
of Evidence, 4 May 2004, p.22, (Herd, MEAA)
[535] Transcript
of Evidence, 4 May 2004, pp.21-22, (Harris, MEAA)
[536] Transcript
of Evidence, 4 May 2004, p.21, (Brown, MEAA)
[537] Transcript
of Evidence, 4 May 2004, p.21, (Brown, MEAA)
[538] Second
supplementary submission 85, p.5, (MEAA)
[539] Supplementary
submission 85, p.9, (MEAA)
[540] Transcript
of Evidence, 6 July 2004, p.121, (Churche, DFAT)
[541] Foreign Affairs Defence and Trade, Budget
Estimates, Transcript of Evidence, 3
June 2004, p.69, (Deady, DFAT)
[542] Transcript
of Evidence, 6 July 2004, p.121, (Churche, DFAT)
[543] Submission
130, p.2, (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)
[544] Submission
130 , p.2, (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)
32 Supplementary Submission 85,
p.10, (MEAA)
[545]
[546] Australian Bureau of Statistics - International Trade in Goods and Services - 5368.0 -
February 2004
[547] Australian Bureau of Statistics - International Merchandise Trade - 5422.0 - March
Quarter 2003
[548] See US Office of Trade and Economic
Analysis's "TradeStats
Express" website at http://ese.export.gov
[549] Centre for International Economics Economic analysis of AUSFTA, April 2004,
p.86
[550] Centre for International Economics Economic analysis of AUSFTA, April 2004,
p.93
[551] Centre for International Economics Economic analysis of AUSFTA, April 2004,
p.84
[552] Centre for International Economics Economic analysis of AUSFTA, April 2004,
pp.86-87
[553] National
Institute of Economic and Industry Research,
A report for the Australian Manufacturing Workers Union (AMWU) An
assessment of the direct impact of the Australian-United States Free Trade
Agreement on Australian trade, economic activity and the costs of the loss of
national sovereignty May 2004, p.(v)
[554] Centre for International Economics Economic analysis of AUSFTA, April 2004, p.122
[555] Centre For International Economics, Economic impacts of an Australia - United
States Free Trade Area, June 2001, p.43
[556] Centre For International Economics, Economic impacts of an Australia - United
States Free Trade Area, June 2001, p.40
[557] Centre for International Economics Economic analysis of AUSFTA, April 2004, p.125
[558] Centre for International Economics Economic analysis of AUSFTA, April 2004, p.124
[559] Bachelard M, "Holden Dumps Its Aussie Glass
Firm", The Australian, 12
February 2004, p.4
[560] Stephen J. Collins, 'Trade pact with Australia
will help autos and Michigan' Detroit News, 16 July 2004
[561] Representative Joe Knollenberg, Speech on United
States-Australia Free Trade Implementation Act, US Congress, 14 July 2004
[562] Allen Consulting Group, The Australia United
States Free Trade Agreement: Potential Impacts on South Australia, October
2003, p(viii)
[563] Transcript
of Evidence, 24 June 2002, p.13 (Upton, FAPM)
[564] Transcript
of Evidence, 24 June 2002, p.13 (Upton, FAPM)
[565] Transcript
of Evidence, 24 June 2002, p.10 (Upton, FAPM)
[566] Federal Chamber of Automotive Industries, Submission to JSCOT, p.2
[567] Submission
204 (Textile, Clothing and Footwear Union of Australia) p.1
[568] Australian Industry Group Submission to JSCOT, pp.8-9
[569] Submission
204 (Textile, Clothing and Footwear Union of Australia) p.2
[570] Submission
463 (Australian Manufacturing Workers
Union)
[571] Submission
463 (Australian Manufacturing Workers
Union)
[572] Transcript of Evidence, 7 June 2004, p25 (Bell,
Qenos Pty Ltd)
[573] Transcript of Evidence, 7 June 2004, p.22
(Winstanley, Australian Vinyls Corporation)
[574] Transcript of
Evidence, 7 June 2004, p.34
(Winstanley, Australian Vinyls Corporation)
[575] Transcript
of Evidence, July 2004, p.56 (Deady, DFAT)
[576] Transcript
of Evidence, 5 May 2004, p.26 (Buckley, Tim Fischer Centre)
[577] Transcript
of Evidence, 5 May 2004, p.26 (Oxley, AUSTA)
[578] Submission
463, p.22 (Australian Manufacturing
Workers Union)
[579] Submission
161, "Regulation Impact
Statement", p.22 (DFAT)
[580] Submission
463, p.22 (Australian Manufacturing
Workers Union)
[581] Transcript
of Evidence, 6 July 2004, pp:55-56 (Deady, DFAT)
[582] Transcript
of Evidence, 24 June 2004, p.49 (McKellar, FCAI)
[583] Transcript
of Evidence, 24 June 2004, p.4 (Upton, FAPM)
[584] Australian Industry Group Submission to JSCOT inquiry, p.8
[585] Australian Government Solicitor,
'Australia-United States Free Trade Agreement'
Commercial Notes Number 10,
June 2004
[586] AMWU Discussion Paper: The implications of the
AUSFTA for Government Procurement: What Will Australia Win and Lose pp:4-5
[587] Dee, P The Australia-US Free Trade Agreement: An
Assessment, Paper prepared for the Senate Select Committee, July 2004
[588] Australian Government Solicitor,
'Australia-United States Free Trade Agreement'
Commercial Notes Number 10,
June 2004, p.9
[589] Australian Government Solicitor,
'Australia-United States Free Trade Agreement'
Commercial Notes Number 10,
June 2004, p.9
[590] AMWU Discussion Paper: The implications of the
AUSFTA for Government Procurement: What Will Australia Win and Lose, p.15
[591] Australian Government Solicitor,
'Australia-United States Free Trade Agreement'
Commercial Notes Number 10,
June 2004, p.9
[592] David Sundin, President and Chief Executive
Officer, DSI Fluids, Tyler, Texas, on behalf of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce. Testimony Before the Full Committee of the
House Committee on Ways and Means June 16, 2004
[593] DFAT, AUSFTA
- Frequently Asked Questions
[594] Extract from http://www.ustr.gov/new/fta/2004-04-factsheet-gp.pdf
[595] Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, March
2004, "Australia United States Free Trade Agreement A Guide to the
Agreement", p.53
[596] Select Committee on the Free Trade Agreement
between Australia and the United States of America, Interim Report, June 2004, pp.39-40
[597] Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade Australia-United States Free Trade Agreement
(AUSFTA) Advancing Australia's Economic Future, p.4
[598] United States Trade Commission, May 2004, US-Australia
Free Trade Agreement: Potential Economywide and Selected Sectoral Effects,
USITC Publication 3697, p.xxvii
[599] Commonwealth Government's AUSFTA Regulation Impact Statement (RIS) March
2004, p.8
[600] Centre for International Economics, April 2004, Economic Analysis of AUSFTA Impact of the
bilateral free trade agreement with the United States, p.31
[601] Centre for International Economics, April 2004, Economic Analysis of AUSFTA Impact of the
bilateral free trade agreement with the United States, p.34
[602] Quiggin, J "Downside of the FTA" Australian Financial Review, 6 May 2004,
p.70.
[603] Dee, P, June 2004, The
Australia-US Free Trade Agreement An Assessment, pp. 29-30
[604] Submission
161b, p.12 (DFAT)
[605] Transcript
of evidence, 18 May 2004, p.60. (Kennedy)
[606] Centre for International Economics, April 2004, Economic Analysis of AUSFTA Impact of the
bilateral free trade agreement with the United States, p.17
[607] Centre for International Economics, April 2004, Economic Analysis of AUSFTA Impact of the
bilateral free trade agreement with the United States, p.18
[608] See Centre for International Economics, April
2004, Economic Analysis of AUSFTA
Impact of the bilateral free trade agreement with the United States, table 3.5, p.21
[609] Source: Centre for International Economics,
April 2004, Economic Analysis of AUSFTA
Impact of the bilateral free trade agreement with the United States, p.78
[610] Submission 161a, p.2 (DFAT)
[611] Dee, P, June 2004, The
Australia-US Free Trade Agreement An Assessment, pp.31-32
[612] Transcript
of Evidence, 7 June 2004, p.78 (Brain)
[613] Transcript
of Evidence, 5 May 2004, p.22 ( Garnaut)
[614] Senate Economics Legislation Committee Transcript of Evidence, 13 October 2003,
p.14 (Smith)
[615] Senate Economics Legislation Committee Transcript of Evidence, 19 February
2004, p.88 (Legg)
[616] Submission
161b, pp:12-13 (DFAT)
[617] FIRB Annual Report 2002/03, p.3
[618] This is not a complete list of FIRB review
thresholds, but these are central to the AUSFTA
[619] Senate Economics Legislation Committee Transcript of Evidence, 19 February
2004, p.84 (Legg). It should be noted in
this context that Mr Legg is also on the Foreign Investment Review Board
[620] Senate Economics Legislation Committee Transcript of Evidence, 19 February
2004, p.85 (Legg)
[621] Senate Economics Legislation Committee Transcript of Evidence, 19 February
2004, p.86 (Legg)
[622] Submission
392, p. 11 (Australian Councils of Trade Union)
[623] Submission
463, p.20 (AMWU)
[624] Transcript
of Evidence, 15 June 2004, pp.35-36 (Smith)
[625] Submission 392, p.11 (Australian Councils of
Trade Union)
[626] United States Trade Commission, May 2004, US-Australia
Free Trade Agreement: Potential Economywide and Selected Sectoral Effects,
USITC Publication 3697, p.106
[627] Centre for International Economics, April 2004, Economic Analysis of AUSFTA Impact of the
bilateral free trade agreement with the United States, p.25
[628] Centre for International Economics, April 2004, Economic Analysis of AUSFTA Impact of the
bilateral free trade agreement with the United States, p.34
[629] Transcript
of evidence, 15 June 2004, p.23. (Garnaut)
[630] DFAT,
Answers to Question on Notice, 6
July 2004, pp.8-9
[631] Commonwealth Government Regulation Impact Statement (RIS) 30 April 2004,
p.10
[632] Federation of
Australian Scientific and Technological Societies, media release, 15 June 2004
[633] Submission 528, FASTS, p.1
[634] DFAT Frequently
Asked Questions on AUSFTA
[635] Commonwealth Government Regulation Impact Statement (RIS) 30 April 2004,
p.10
[636] Committee
Hansard 5 May 2004, pp.23-24 (Drake-Brockman, ASR)
[637] Committee
Hansard 5 May 2004, p.24 (Drake-Brockman, ASR)
[638] Transcript
of Evidence, 5 May 2004, p.27 (Oxley, AUSTA)
[639] Transcript
of Evidence, , 5 May 2004, p.129 (Corish, NFF)
[640] Transcript
of Evidence, 16 June 2004, p.20
(Barnard, Meat and Livestock Australia)
[641] Transcript
of Evidence, 22
June 2004, p.14 (Keir, Australian Meat Holdings)
[642] Submission
406, p3 (Cattle Council of Australia)
[643] Transcript
of Evidence, 5 May 2004, p.3 (Kerr, Dairy Products Foundation)
[644] Transcript
of Evidence, 15 June 2004, p. 2 (Webster, Horticulture Australia)
[645] Transcript
of Evidence, 10 May 2004, pp.47-48 (Gosper, DFAT)
[646] Minister for Trade, Hon Mark Vaile MP, Trade 2004, pp. 23-24
[647] Transcript
of Evidence, 10 May 2004, p.48 (Gosper, DFAT)
[648] Transcript
of Evidence, 10 May 2004, p.50 (Deady, DFAT)
[649] Transcript
of Evidence, 10 May 2004, p.51 (Deady, DFAT)
[650] Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Australia-United States Free Trade
Agreement: Guide to the Agreement, 1st Edition, March 2004, p.79
[651] Transcript
of Evidence, 5 May 2004, p.147 (Corish, NFF)
[652] Australian Financial Review,24/1/2004, 'Sugar
Doubts Could Kill Trade Talks'.
[653] Hansard 21 June 2004 pp. 25 & 48
respectively.
[654] Hansard 21 June 2004 p. 16
[655] Hansard 21 June 2004 pp. 31-4
[656] Hansard 21 June 2004 p. 18
[657] Hansard 21 June
2004 p. 16
[658] Hansard 21 June
2004 p. 32
[659] Hansard
21 June 2004 p. 57
[660] Public
Citizen"The Other Drug War 2003: Drug Companies Deploy an Army of
675 Lobbyists to Protect Profits" Congress
Watch, June 2003
[661] Colebatch
T, "Bush wants end to medicine subsidies", The Age 24 October 2003
[662] Families
US Foundation"Profiting from Pain Where Prescription Drug Dollars Go"
Families USA Publication No. 02-10-2002
[663] Harvey,
K et al, "For Debate: Will the Australia-United States Free Trade
Agreement undermine the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme", MJA August 2004
[664] Harvey,
K et al, "For Debate: Will the Australia-United States Free Trade
Agreement undermine the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme", MJA August 2004
[665] Dr
Kate Burton and Jacob Varghese, The PBS
and the Australia-US Free Trade Agreement, Parliamentary Library Research
Note No. 3, 21 July 2004
[666] Harvey,
K et al, "For Debate: Will the Australia-United States Free Trade
Agreement undermine the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme", MJA August 2004
[667] John
Quiggin, A completely misleading description, Evatt Foundation Paper,
16 June 2004
[668] See
Transcript of Evidence, Tuesday 4 May
2004 (Elliott)
[669] See
Senate Hansard, 30 March 2004
[670] See
Transcript of Evidence, Tuesday 4 May
2004 (Herd/Harris)
[671] See
Transcript of Evidence, Tuesday 4 May
2004 (Elliott)
[672] Submission
165 Appendix 2, Mr R Russell, p.1
[673] Submission
297, Mr B Scott, p.1
[674] Submission
165a, Mr R Russell, p.13
[675] Submission
307, Professor Weiss and Dr Thurbon, p.2
[676] Submission
416, AFTINET, p.19
[677] Submission
416, AFTINET, p.16
[678] Eccleston,
Roy "US Trade Supremo Boasts of 'Con Job'", The Australian 11 March 2003, p.8
[679] Eccleston,
Roy "US Trade Supremo Boasts of 'Con Job'", The Australian 11 March 2003, p.8
[680] George Monbiot, The Guardian, September 2003.
[681] AustraliaUnited States Free Trade Agreement, Washington, 18 May
2004 [2004] Australian Treaties Not yet In Force 6.
[682] AustraliaUnited States Free Trade Agreement, Washington, 18 May
2004 [2004] Australian Treaties Not yet In Force 6.
[683] SingaporeAustralia Free Trade Agreement, Singapore, 17 February
2003 [2003] Australian Treaty Series 16 (Entry into force: 28 July 2003).
[684] Survey on Implementation of WCT and WPPT, Standing Committee on
Copyright and Related Rights, World
Intellectual Property Organisation, Geneva, 25 April 2003, pp. 88283.
[685] Attorney-Generals
Department, Report on Performers Protection,
Copyright Law Review Committee, Canberra, 1989 (hereafter CLRC).
[686] These arguments are
summarised in J. Lahore and W Rothnie, Copyright
and Designs: Volume 1Commentary, 3rd revised edition, Butterworths, Australia, 2003, p. 54,044
[54,035].
[687] Lionel Bowen,
Attorney-General, Second Reading Speech: Copyright Amendment Bill 1988, House
of Representatives, Debates, 3
November 1988, p. 2392.
[688] CLRC, op.cit, pp.4872.
[689] Attorney-Generals
Department and Department of Communications, Information Technology and the
Arts, Discussion Paper: Performers
Intellectual Property Rights, Canberra,
December 1997.
[690] Department of
Communciations, Information Technology and the Arts, Performers Rights, http://www.dcita.gov.au/Article/0,,0_1-2_12-3_470-4_106178,00.html,
accessed on 28 July 2004.
[691] Liberal Party of Australia
and National Party of Australia, Arts for
All, Melbourne, October 2001. pp. 2021, http://www.liberal.org.au/documents/arts.pdf.
[692] See page 24
08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B0200000008000000060000004200650072006E0065000000
[693] See Lahore and Rothnie, op.
cit., pp. 28,40228,454 [28,45528,560E] for a detailed description of this
scheme.
[694] ibid.
[695] Commercial Television
Australia, Submission to the Joint
Standing Committee on Treaties AustraliaUnited States Free Trade Agreement
Inquiry, Sydney, 20 April 2004, p. 8.
[696] ibid.
[697] Sections 196197, Copyright
Act.
[698] See
definition of author in s. 10, Copyright Act.
[699] Berne
Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works of 9 September
1886 (as subsequently revised), Stockholm, 14 July 1967 [1972] Australian
Treaty Series 13.
[700] Centre for International
Economics, Economic Analysis of AUSFTA:
Impact of the bilateral free trade agreement with the United States,
prepared for the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Canberra and Sydney,
April 2004, p. 37.
[701] Dr Philippa Dee, AustraliaUnited States Free Trade
Agreement: An Assessment, Paper prepared for the Senate Select Committee on
the Free Trade Agreement between Australia and United States, Canberra, June
2004, pp. 2325.
[702] See K. Weatherall, Supplementary Submission to the Senate Select
Committee on the Free Trade Agreement between Australia and the United States,
Melbourne, 2004, p. 14.
[703] In the criminal offence,
recklessness as to knowledge is sufficient. In the civil action, knowledge can
be implied if the person ought reasonably to have known that they would induce,
enable, facilitate or conceal infringement of copyright.
[704] Item 141 is consequential to
the extended definition of ERMI only insofar as its proposed sub-sections
132(5C) and (5D) are concerned. These proposed sub-sections would not make any
other significant substantive change to the offences.
[705] Proposed subsection
132(5DA).
[706] Phillips Fox, Digital Agenda Review, Report and
Recommendations, Report commissioned by the Attorney-Generals Department,
Sydney, January 2004, p. 115.
[707] The
public institutions include non-profit libraries, archives, educational
institutions and public non-commercial broadcasting entities.
[708] See K. Weatherall, Weatheralls Law, website, http://weatherall.blogspot.com,
accessed 28 July 2004.
[709] Joint Standing Committee on
Treaties, Report 61: AustraliaUnited
States Free Trade Agreement, Parliament House, Canberra, June 2004, p. 238
(hereafter JSCOT).
[710] A broadcast decoding
device is a device designed to enable a person to obtain unauthorised access to
pay TV content.
[711] A channel provider
packages a channel for broadcast by a broadcaster over an encoded service.
[712]
From s. 5.4, Criminal Code Act 1995:
A person is reckless with
respect to a result if:
(a) he or she is aware of a substantial risk that the result will occur; and
(b) having regard to the circumstances known to him or her, it is unjustifiable
to take the risk.
[713] Notably, very similar
words are currently used in relation to civil device liability (s.
135ANA(1)(d)) which says the person knew, or ought reasonably to have known, that
the broadcaster had not authorised the person to gain access to the broadcast
by so using, or authorising the use of, the device.
[714] Phillips Fox, op. cit.,
p. 54.
[715] ibid.,
p. 111.
[716] For a discussion of
this issue see W. P. Knight, Chapter 23.1: Copyright in Law Book Company, The Laws of Australia, Law Book Company,
2003, [23.1.46].
[717] (2002) FCA para 173
(per Lingred J with whom French J agreed).
[718] See Australian Video Retailers Association Ltd v
Warner Home Video Pty Ltd (2001) 114 FCR 324.
[719] See Kabushiki Kaisha Sony Computer Entertainment
& Ors v Eddy Stevens, op. cit., for an example of this interaction.
[720] . Phillips Fox, op. cit., p. 94.
[721] Named from Article 13
of the Berne Convention for the
Protection of Literary and Artistic Works of 9 September 1886 (as subsequently
revised), Stockholm, 14 July 1967 [1972] Australian Treaty Series 13. See Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia, US Free Trade Agreement Implementation Bill
2004: Explanatory Memorandum, Canberra, 2004, p.148.
[722] M. Priest, ISP
standards to prevent piracy liability, Australian
Financial Review, 29 April 2004, p. 43.
[723] Caching is defined as the
reproduction of copyright material on a system or network controlled or
operated by or for a carriage service provider in response to an action by a
user in order to facilitate efficient access to that material by that user or
other users.
[724] See US Copyright
Office, The Digital Millennium Copyright
Act of 1998: US Copyright Office Summary, http://www.copyright.gov/legislation/dmca.pdf,
accessed on 27 July 2004.
[725] Trade Minister Mark
Vaille to Mr Robert Zoellick, Side letter
on ISP liability, 18 May 2004
http://www.dfat.gov.au/trade/negotiations/us_fta/final-text/letters/17_isp_liability.pdf,
accessed on 27 July 2004.
[726] Darryl Williams, The Year Past and the
Year Ahead for the Internet:
the Governments perspective, Speech to Internet Industry Association (IIA)
annual gala dinner, 12 February 2004, http://www.dcita.gov.au/Article/0,,0_7-2_4011-4_117825,00.html,
accessed on 27 July 2004.
[727] P Coroneus, Chief
Executive Officer of IAA, Minister's Comments to Internet Industry on Free
Trade Agreement 'Significant and Reassuring', Media Release, 16 February 2004. http://www.iia.net.au/news/030204.html,
accessed on 28 July 2004.
[728] Phillips Fox, op. cit.,
pp. 85-86.
[729] Sarah Deutsch, comments
at The US-Australia Free Trade Agreement and Intellectual Property A
Symposium Baker and MacKenzie Cyberspace Law and Policy Centre, University of
New South Wales, Sydney, 28 April 2004. http://www.bakercyberlawcentre.org/fta/transcript.htm#_Toc72223223,
accessed on 28 July 2004.
[730] Phillips Fox, op. cit.,
p. 54.
[731] 17 United States Code
1201 (a)(1)(B) (Copyright Act (US).)
[732] Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Answers to questions on notice from the
Senate Select Committee on the Free Trade Agreement between Australia and the
United States, Canberra, 6 July 2004, p. 11.
https://www.aph.gov.au/Senate/committee/freetrade_ctte/qon/060704.pdf,
accessed on 28 July 2004.
[733] D Richardson, Intellectual Property Rights
and the AustraliaUS Free Trade Agreement, Research
Paper, no. 14, Parliamentary Library, Canberra, 200304.
[734] Linux Australia, US-Australia Free Trade Agreement and Open
Source, Submission to the Senate Select Committee on the Free Trade
Agreement between Australia and the United States, p. 9.
[735] Senate Select Committee
on the Free Trade Agreement between Australia and the United States, Interim Report, Parliament House,
Canberra, 24 June 2004, p. 27.
[736] (1994) 122 ALR 417.
[737] Agreement
on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property, Marrakesh, 14 April
1994 [1995] Australian Treaty Series 38, Article 27 (entry into force, 1
January 1995).
[738] P. Drahos, T. Faunce, M.
Goddard and D. Henry, The FTA and the PBS,
Submission to Senate Select Committee on the Free Trade Agreement between
Australia and the United States, Canberra, 2004, p. 13.
[739] Australian Subscription
Television and Radio Association, Position
Statement: AustraliaUS Free Trade Agreement, Senate Select Committee on
the Free Trade Agreement between Australia and the United States, Canberra, 2004.
[740] See K.Weatherall, op.cit.
(Submission) for further discussion of this issue.
[741] 17 United States Code
107 (Copyright Act (US))
[742] . JSCOT, op. cit., 233238.