Footnotes

Chapter 1 - Introduction

[1]        Journals of the Senate, 14 February 2008, p. 145.

Chapter 2 - Pricing and supply arrangements

[1]        Mr Angus Taylor, Tabled Document, 7 May 2009, p. 4.

[2]        ACCC, Answers to questions on notice, dated 26 May 2009, p. 10.

[3]        Mr Angus Taylor, Tabled Document, 7 May 2009, p.  2.

[4]        Submission 1, K & SJ Henderson, p.1. See also Ms Elle Hall, Committee Hansard, 16 May 2008, p. 58.

[5]        Submission 15, Patricia and Bernard Heard, p. 1.

[6]        Submission 13, Murray Goulburn Co-Operative Co Ltd, p. 1.

[7]        Submission 50, Mr Jeff Leighton, p.1.

[8]        Submission 47, Mr Earnest Kitto, p. 1.

[9]        Mr Geoffrey McCarthy, Director, Canegrowers Isis Ltd, Committee Hansard, 23 July 2008, p. 62.

[10]      Submission 20, NFF, p. 3.

[11]      Mr Jock Laurie, Committee Hansard, 16 May 2008, p. 13.

[12]      Submission 29, WAFarmers, p. 4.

[13]      Submission 24, AgForce Grains Ltd, p. 4.

[14]      I. Richardson, 'Fertiliser – a precious commodity', Rabobank Global Focus, Summer 2007, pp  1–7; L.M. Maene, 'International fertilizer supply and demand', Paper presented at the Australian Fertilizer Industry Conference, August 2007. See Submission 26, IPL, pp 1-7; Submission 6, Mosaic, pp 1-3.

[15]      Submission 35, DAFF, p. 4.

[16]      IFA, World Agriculture and Fertilizer Demand, Global Fertilizer Supply and Trade 2007-2008: Summary Report, IFA, 2007, p. 2 cited in Submission 10, IFA.

[17]      IFA, World Agriculture and Fertilizer Demand, Global Fertilizer Supply and Trade 2007-2008: Summary Report, IFA, 2007, p. 3 cited in Submission 10, IFA.

[18]      IFA, Medium-Term Outlook for Global Fertilizer Demand, Supply and Trade 2007-2011: Summary Report, IFA, 2007, p. 3 cited in Submission 10, IFA. See also FAO, Current World Fertilizer Trends and Outlook to 2011/12, 2008, p. ix.

[19]      Submission 35, DAFF, p. 5.

[20]      L.M. Maene, 'International fertilizer supply and demand', Paper presented at the Australian Fertilizer Industry Conference, August 2007, p. 13.

[21]      L.M. Maene, 'International fertilizer supply and demand', Paper presented at the Australian Fertilizer Industry Conference, August 2007, p. 13.

[22]      Submission 20, NFF, pp 5-6.

[23]      Rabobank study, p. 2.

[24]      Submission 20, NFF, p. 5. See also Submission 4, NSW Farmers Association, pp 10-11.

[25]      IFA, World Agriculture and Fertilizer Demand, Global Fertilizer Supply and Trade 2007-2008: Summary Report, IFA, 2007, p. 2 cited in Submission 10, IFA.

[26]      Submission 20, NFF, p. 6; Submission 26, IPL, p. 4.

[27]      Rabobank study, p. 3.

[28]      Submission 20, NFF, pp 7-8; Submission 26, IPL, p. 5.

[29]      Rabobank study, p. 3. See also Submission 26, IPL, p. 5.

[30]      Submission 26, IPL, p. 5.

[31]      Submission 26, IPL, p. 5.

[32]      IFA, World Agriculture and Fertilizer Demand, Global Fertilizer Supply and Trade 2007-2008: Summary Report, IFA, 2007, pp 3-6, cited in Submission 10, IFA.

[33]      IFA, Medium-Term Outlook for Global Fertilizer Demand, Supply and Trade 2007-2011: Summary Report, IFA, 2007, pp 4-7, cited in Submission 10, IFA. See also FAO study, p. ix.

[34]      Submission 6, Mosaic, p. 2; Submission 26, IPL, p. 6; Submission 20, NFF, p. 5; Submission 35, DAFF, p. 5.

[35]      Rabobank study, p. 4.

[36]      Rabobank study, p. 5.

[37]      Rabobank study, p. 6.

[38]      Submission 26, IPL, p. 6.

[39]      Submission 26, IPL, p. 7.

[40]      Rabobank study, p. 7.

[41]      DFAT, Correspondence, dated 17 June 2008 and 30 September 2008.

[42]      Committee Hansard, 14 November 2008, p. 12.

[43]      Mr Neville Bergin, Minemakers Ltd, Committee Hansard, 24 March 2009, p. 6.

[44]      Mr Neville Bergin, Committee Hansard, 24 March 2009, p. 8.

[45]      Mr Adam Cox, Committee Hansard, 10 August 2009, pp 14-16.

[46]      See also Committee Hansard, 4 February 2009, pp 21-22.

[47]      Mr David Adeang, on behalf of Mr Kennan Adeang, Nauru Landowners Association, Correspondence, dated 4 August 2008. The IPL submission (dated April 2008) stated that 'high quality phosphate rock is now trading at over US$200/tonne, up from US$50/tonne at the beginning of 2007' (p. 6).

[48]      Mr David Adeang, Nauru Landowners Association, Correspondence, dated 4 August 2008.

[49]      Mr James Whiteside, Committee Hansard, 23 July 2008, pp 26-28.

[50]      Mr James Whiteside, Committee Hansard, 10 August 2009, p. 9.

[51]      Mr James Whiteside, Committee Hansard, 10 August 2009, p. 9.

[52]      Mr James Whiteside, Committee Hansard, 10 August 2009, p. 10.

[53]      Cited by Chair, quoting Mr Andy Jung, an American researcher attending the Australian Fertiliser Outlook Conference, October 2008, Committee Hansard, 14 November 2008, p. 42.

[54]      For a discussion, see Committee Hansard, 14 November 2008, p. 42; 4 February 2009, p. 11; and 24 March 2009, p. 8.

[55]      Submission 35, DAFF, p. 4.

[56]      ACCC, ACCC Examination of Fertiliser Prices, July 2008, p. 28.

[57]      ACCC report, p. 1.

[58]      Mr Brian Cassidy, Committee Hansard, 14 November 2008, p. 17.

[59]      Mr Brian Cassidy, Committee Hansard, 14 November 2008, p. 17.

[60]      ACCC report, p, 19. See also Mr Brian Cassidy, Committee Hansard, 14 November 2008, p. 22.

[61]      ACCC, Answers to questions on notice, dated 26 May 2009, p. 13.

[62]      Committee Hansard, 14 November 2008, pp 19-20.

[63]      Submission 26, IPL, p. 8.

[64]      Submission 6, Mosaic, p. 3.

[65]      Mr Michael Fels, Committee Hansard, 16 May 2008, p. 63.

[66]      Dr Terry Sheales, Committee Hansard, 16 May 2008, p. 71.

[67]      Submission 34, Ms Margaret Menzel, p. 1.

[68]      Submission 26, IPL, p. 8.

[69]      Submission 26, IPL, p. 9.

[70]      Mr James Whiteside/Mr Jamie Rintel, Committee Hansard, 23 July 2008, p. 47.

[71]      Submission 22, Peter & Yvonne Abel, p. 1.

[72]      G. Parr, 'Import parity pricing; a competitive constraint or a source of market power?', Paper presented at the TIPS Forum, South Africa, 2005, p. 4.

[73]      Submission 20, NFF, p. 3. See also Submission 48, Mr Roger Carrigan, p. 1.

[74]      Submission 22, Peter & Yvonne Abel, p. 1.

[75]      Submission 33, Mr Tony Hedges, p. 2.

[76]      Submission 4, NSW Farmers Association, p. 6. See also Mr Jock Laurie, NSW Farmers Association, Committee Hansard, 16 May 2008, p. 15.

[77]      Calculations based on ABARE data.

[78]      Canadian Standing Senate Committee on Agriculture and Forestry, "Growing" Costs for Canadian Farmers, June 2008, p. 20.

[79]      Submission 43, Mr Peter Schwarz, p. 1.

[80]      Submission 15, Patricia & Bernard Heard,  p. 1.

[81]      Submission 20, NFF, pp 10-11.

[82]      Submission 20, NFF, p. 11.

[83]      Submission 24, AgForce Grains Ltd, p. 4.

[84]      Submission 24, AgForce Grains Ltd, p. 14.

[85]      Submission 14, PGA Western Graingrowers, p. 1.

[86]      Submission 13, MGC, p. 1.

[87]      Submission 27, Australian Cane Farmers Association, p. 1.

[88]      Submission 25, Kalamia Cane Growers Organisation, p. 1. See also Mr Geoffrey McCarthy,  Director, Canegrowers Isis Ltd,  Committee Hansard, 23 July 2008, p. 61.

[89]      Mr Geoffrey McCarthy, Director, Canegrowers Isis Ltd, Committee Hansard, 23 July 2008, pp 67- 68.

[90]      Submission 31, Australian Cane Farmers Association – Herbert River District, p. 1; Mrs Carol Mackee, Australian Canefarmers Association, Committee Hansard, 23 July 2008, pp 55-56. 

[91]      Submission 31, Australian Cane Farmers Association – Herbert River District, p. 1; Mrs Carol Mackee, Australian Canefarmers Association, Committee Hansard, 23 July 2008, pp 55-56.  See also Submission 12, Mr Sam Nucifora, pp 1-2; Submission 34, Ms Margaret Menzel, pp 1-3.

[92]      Mrs Carol Mackee, Australian Canefarmers Association, Committee Hansard, 23 July 2008, p. 55. 

[93]      Submission 34, Ms Margaret Menzel, p. 1; Submission 12, Mr Sam Nucifora, p. 1.

[94]      Submission 31, Australian Cane Farmers Association – Herbert River District, p. 2.

[95]      Submission 34, Ms Margaret Menzel, p. 1.

[96]      Submission 43, Mr Peter Schwarz, p. 1; Submission 15, Patricia & Bernard Heard, p.1.

[97]      Submission 9, Bookham Agricultural Bureau, p. 1.

[98]      ANZ, Fertiliser Market Update, January 2009, p. 1.

[99]      ANZ, Fertiliser Market Update, May 2009, p. 2.

[100]    ANZ, Fertiliser Market Update, May 2009, p. 2.

[101]    NFF, Correspondence, dated 12 November 2008.

[102]    Mr Andrew Helps, Committee Hansard, 4 February 2009, pp 11-12.

[103]    Mr Andrew Helps, Committee Hansard, 4 February 2009, p. 13; Submission 55, Mr Greg Maslin, p. 2.

[104]    Mr Andrew Helps, Committee Hansard, 4 February 2009, p. 14.

[105]    Submission 57, Mr Graham Denton, p. 1.

[106]    ANZ, Fertiliser Market Update, January 2009, pp 3-4.

Chapter 3 - Regulation and competition issues

[1]        Mr James Whiteside, IPL, Committee Hansard, 23 July 2008, p. 15; Submission 26, IPL, p. 10.

[2]        Information provided by CSBP Ltd.

[3]        ACCC, ACCC Examination of Fertiliser Prices, July 2008, p. 10.

[4]        Senate Select Committee on Agricultural and Related Industries, Pricing and Supply Arrangements in the Australian and Global Fertiliser Market: Interim Report, December 2008, pp 26-35. Hereafter referred to as the Interim Report.

[5]        Mr Ron Greentree, Committee Hansard, 7 May 2009, p. 3.

[6]        IPL, Correspondence, dated 21 May 2009.

[7]        Mr Ron Greentree, Committee Hansard, 7 May 2009, p. 3.

[8]        Mr Ron Greentree, Committee Hansard, 7 May 2009, p. 4.

[9]        IPL, Correspondence, dated 21 May 2009.

[10]      Mr Ron Greentree, Committee Hansard, 7 May 2009, p. 7.

[11]      IPL, Correspondence, dated 21 May 2009.

[12]      See, Mr Gary Brinkworth, Committee Hansard, 10 August 2009, pp 12-13.

[13]      Interim Report, pp 19-25.

[14]      Mr Leighton Huxtable, Committee Hansard, 4 February 2009, p. 1.

[15]      Mr Leighton Huxtable, Committee Hansard, 4 February 2009, pp 3-4.

[16]      Mr Brian Cassidy, Committee Hansard, 7 May 2009, pp 11-12.

[17]      Interim Report, pp 25-26.

[18]      Interim Report, p. 24.

[19]      Interim Report, pp 14-17, 26-39.

[20]      Interim Report, pp 14-15.

[21]      Advice from state agriculture departments.

[22]      Mr John Martin, Correspondence, dated 19 August 2009. The committee also received confidential material on this issue.

[23]      Interim Report, p. 15.

[24]      The Fertilizer Working Group reports to the Primary Industries Standing Committee. This committee reports to the Primary Industries Ministerial Council.

[25]      The Working Group is currently involved in a project with the CSIRO examining the issue of contaminants in fertilisers.

[26]      Advice from DAFF, 7 November 2008.

[27]      FIFA, Draft Code of Practice for Fertilizer Description and Labelling, August 2008.

[28]      Interim Report, p. 37.

[29]      Submission 9, Bookham Agricultural Bureau, p. 2. See also Submission 12, Mr Sam Nucifora, p. 1; Submission 43, Mr Peter Schwarz, p. 1.

[30]      Mr Dean Brown, Committee Hansard, 16 May 2008, p. 9.

[31]      Mr Brian Cassidy, ACCC, Committee Hansard, 14 November 2008, p. 17.

[32]      ACCC report, p. 26.

[33]      Mr Brian Cassidy, Committee Hansard, 7 May 2009, p. 17.

[34]      Mr Brian Cassidy, Committee Hansard, 7 May 2009, p. 21.

[35]      Mr Mark Pearson, Committee Hansard, 14 November 2008, p. 32.

[36]      Mr Brian Cassidy, Committee Hansard, 14 November 2008, p. 51.

[37]      Mr Mark Pearson, Committee Hansard, 14 November 2008, p. 33.

[38]      ACCC, Answers to questions on notice, dated 19 February 2009.

[39]      ACCC, Answers to questions on notice, dated 26 May 2009.

[40]      ACCC report, p 27.

[41]      ACCC, Answers to questions on notice, dated 26 May 2009.

[42]      ACCC, Answers to questions on notice, dated 26 May 2009.

[43]      Mr Brian Cassidy, Committee Hansard, 14 November 2008, p. 36.

[44]      ACCC, Answers to questions on notice, dated 26 May 2009.

[45]      See, for example, Senate Rural and Regional Affairs and Transport, Exposure drafts of the Wheat Export Marketing Bill 2008 and the Wheat Export Marketing (Repeal and Consequential Amendments) Bill 2008, April 2008, pp 50-51.

[46]      ACCC report, p. 12.

[47]      Submission 5, AFSA, p. 2.

[48]      Submission 35, DAFF, p. 2.

[49]      Mr Angus Taylor, Tabled Document, 7 May 2009, p. 7.

[50]      Mr Angus Taylor, Committee Hansard, 7 May 2009, pp 31,33. Mr Taylor appeared in a private capacity. He is a director of Port Jackson Partners, a management consulting firm.

[51]      Mr Angus Taylor, Tabled Document, 7 May 2009, p. 7; Mr Angus Taylor, Committee Hansard, 7 May 2009, pp 28-31.

[52]      Mr Angus Taylor, Tabled Document, 7 May 2009, p. 7.

[53]      Mr Angus Taylor, Committee Hansard, 7 May 2009, p. 29.

[54]      CFR refers to Cost and Freight – basically, the price delivered at port. See Mr Angus Taylor, Correspondence, dated 10 June 2009.

[55]      Mr Gary Brinkworth, Committee Hansard, 10 August 2009, p. 4.

[56]      ACCC report, p. 12.

[57]      ACCC report, p. 27.

[58]      Submission 4, NSW Farmers Association, pp 5-6.

[59]      Mr Jock Laurie, NSW Farmers Association, Committee Hansard, 16 May 2008, p. 14.

[60]      ACCC report, p. 27.

[61]      Mr Gary Brinkworth, Committee Hansard, 10 August 2009, p. 2.

[62]      Mr James Whiteside/Mr Gary Brinkworth, Committee Hansard, 10 August 2009, p. 7.

[63]      Mr Gary Brinkworth, Committee Hansard, 10 August 2009, p. 8.

[64]      Submission 4, NSW Farmers Association, p. 6; personal communication, 23 June 2009.

[65]      Submission 26, IPL, p. 11.

[66]      Interim Report, pp 32-35.

[67]      Interim Report, pp 38-39.

[68]      www.accc.gov.au

[69]      The TGP is the price for a wholesale sale of a petroleum product that is calculated on a temperature-corrected basis and expressed in cents per litre.

[70]      www.accc.gov.au. See also Issues Paper, Trade Practices (Industry Codes – Oilcode) Regulations 2006 Review, pp 1-7.

[71]      NFF/Horticulture Australia Council, Horticulture Code of Conduct, pp 1-8; NSW Farmers Association, Horticulture Code of Conduct, February 2006.

[72]      ACCC, Answers to questions on notice, dated 26 May 2009.

[73]      ACCC, Answers to questions on notice, dated 26 May 2009.

[74]      ACCC, Answers to questions on notice, dated 26 May 2009.

[75]      ACCC, Answers to questions on notice, dated 26 May 2009.

Chapter 4 - Future challenges

[1]        Submission 29, WAFarmers, p. 6.

[2]        I. Richardson, 'Fertiliser – a precious commodity', Rabobank Global Focus, Summer 2007, p. 7.

[3]        Mr Michael Fels, WAFarmers, Committee Hansard, 16 May 2008, p. 62.

[4]        Submission 29, WAFarmers, p. 7.

[5]        Submission 29, WAFarmers, p. 7.

[6]        Mr Jock Laurie, NSW Farmers Association, Committee Hansard, 16 May 2008, p. 19.

[7]        Mr Jock Laurie, NSW Farmers Association, Committee Hansard, 16 May 2008, p. 19.

[8]        Tim Cummins & Associates, An Evaluation of the Fertcare Program, December 2007, p. 75.

[9]        The Fertcare program provides training, quality assurance and certification for industry staff to enable them to meet their responsibilities for food safety and environmental risk management, especially the ability to advise customers on environmental risk management issues.

[10]      Cummins study, pp 75-77.

[11]      Submission 29, WAFarmers, p. 8.

[12]      Submission 8A, Climate Friendly Fertiliser Pty Ltd, p. 31. See also Mr Andrew Helps, Committee Hansard, 16 May 2008, pp 41, 46-47.

[13]      Dr Maarten Stapper, Committee Hansard, 11 November 2008, pp 4-5.

[14]      Dr Maarten Stapper, Committee Hansard, 11 November 2008, p. 9. See also Dr Maarten Stapper, Committee Hansard, 11 November 2008, p.14.

[15]      CSIRO, Correspondence, dated 18 June 2009.

[16]      CSIRO, Correspondence, dated 18 June 2009.

[17]      CSIRO, Correspondence, dated 18 June 2009.

[18]      Submission 8A, Climate Friendly Fertiliser Pty Ltd, p. 4.

[19]      Mr Andrew Helps, Committee Hansard, 16 May 2008, p. 44.

[20]      Mr Andrew Helps, Committee Hansard, 16 May 2008, p. 41.

[21]      Submission 8A, Climate Friendly Fertiliser Pty Ltd, pp 6, 49-50.

[22]      Mr Andrew Helps, Committee Hansard, 16 May 2008, p. 42.

[23]      Ms Belinda Eastough, Correspondence, dated 26 May 2008.

[24]      Mr Michael Fels, Correspondence, dated 26 May 2008.

[25]      Submission 42, Bio-Organics Group, p. 1.

[26]      Mr Michel Fels, WA Farmers, Committee Hansard, 16 May 2008, p. 60.

[27]      Mr Trevor De Landgrafft, WAFarmers, Committee Hansard, 16 May 2008, p. 60.

[28]      Submission 2, AEC, p.5. See also Submission 29, WAFarmers, p. 4.

[29]      Submission 2, AEC, p.1.

[30]      Submission 14, PGA Western Graingrowers, p. 2.

[31]      Submission 62, Minemakers Ltd, pp 1-4.

[32]      Mr Neville Bergin, Committee Hansard, 24 March 2009, p. 3.

[33]      Mr Neville Bergin, Committee Hansard, 24 March 2009, pp 7-8.

[34]      Submission 62, Minemakers Ltd, pp 7-8.

[35]      Mr Neville Bergin, Committee Hansard, 24 March 2009, p. 3.

[36]      Mr Neville Bergin, Committee Hansard, 24 March 2009, p. 5.

[37]      Submission 62, Minemakers Ltd, p. 5.

[38]      Submission 2, AEC, pp 2-3; Mr Paul Duckett, AEC, Committee Hansard, 23 July 2008, pp 2-5.

[39]      Mr Paul Duckett, AEC, Committee Hansard, 23 July 2008, pp 5-6.

[40]      Mr Paul Duckett, AEC, Committee Hansard, 23 July 2008, p. 6.

[41]      Mr Paul Duckett, AEC, Committee Hansard, 23 July 2008, p. 6.

[42]      Submission 2, AEC, p. 3.

[43]      Submission 14, PGA Western Graingrowers, p. 2.

[44]      Submission 60, Perdaman Chemicals and Fertilisers, p. 2.

[45]      Submission 60, Perdaman Chemicals and Fertilisers, p. 2.

Chapter 5 - Agricultural chemicals

[1]        This list of companies is based on total number of agricultural chemical products registered.

[2]        www.bayercropscience.com.au

[3]        www.nufarm.com

[4]        www.cropcare.com.au

[5]        www.syngenta.com.au

[6]        Submission 19, APVMA, p. 2.

[7]        Submission 4, NSW Farmers Association, pp 13-14.

[8]        Submission 19, APVMA, p. 1; Productivity Commission, Chemicals and Plastics Regulation, Draft Research Report, March 2008, p. 263.

[9]        Submission 20, NFF, p. 3.

[10]      Submission 9, Bookham Agricultural Bureau, p. 1. See also Submission 13, Murray Goulburn Co-Operative Co, Ltd, p. 1; Submission 24, Agforce Grains Ltd, p. 4.

[11]      Submission 27, Australian Cane Farmers Association, p. 1.

[12]      Submission 24, AgForce Grains Ltd, p. 7.

[13]      Submission 24, AgForce Grains Ltd, p. 7. Altrazine is a residual herbicide for use on summer grasses such as sorghum, maize and sugar cane.

[14]      AgForce Qld, Correspondence, dated 11 June 2009.

[15]      Submission 23, CropLife Australia, p. 3.

[16]      Submission 23, CropLife Australia, p. 3; Submission 4, NSW Farmers Association, pp 15-16.

[17]      Submission 4, NSW Farmers Association, p. 13.

[18]      Submission 4, NSW Farmers Association, Appendix 2; Submission 20, NFF. p. 8; Submission 23, CropLife Australia, p. 4.

[19]      DFAT, Correspondence, dated 17 June 2008.