Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1
On 7 November 2011 the Senate referred the shortage of engineering and
related employment skills to the Senate Education, Employment and Workplace
Relations References Committee for inquiry and report by 30 June 2012.[1]
1.2
The committee was asked to examine the nexus between the demand for
infrastructure delivery and the shortage of appropriate engineering and related
employment skills in Australia, with particular reference to:
- the implications of the shortage for infrastructure delivery in
terms of economic development, cost, efficiency, safety and disputation;
-
the impact of the long-term outsourcing of engineering activities
by government on skills development and retention in both the private and
public sectors;
-
options to address the skill shortage for engineers and related
trades, and the effectiveness and efficiency of relevant policies, both past
and present;
- options for infrastructure delivery using alternative procurement
models which aim to foster collaboration and achieve effective community
outcomes, including skills development and retention;
- effective strategies to develop and retain engineering talent in
the private and public sectors through industry training and development, at
enterprise, project and whole-of-sector levels;
- opportunities to provide incentives to the private sector through
the procurement process to undertake skills development;
- consequences of skills shortage in the construction sector to the
public sector’s capacity to effectively procure and manage infrastructure
projects; and
- the impact of delayed and stalled infrastructure projects on
economic development, workplace productivity and employment.
Structure of the report
1.3
This report is divided into five chapters:
- Chapter 1 (this chapter) sets out the administrative arrangements
for the inquiry and provides a summary of other recent literature relating to the
engineering skills shortage;
-
Chapter 2 contains a background to engineering and the skills
shortage in Australia;
- Chapter 3 outlines education and training pathways for
engineering and related occupations;
- Chapter 4 discusses the impact of the skills shortage; and
- Chapter 5 examines the causes of the skills shortage and weighs
up recommendations to address the problem.
Conduct of the inquiry
1.4
The committee advertised its inquiry on its website and in The Australian
newspaper, calling for submissions by 3 February 2012.[2]
1.5
The committee also directly contacted a number of interested
organisations and individuals to notify them of the inquiry and to invite
submissions. A total of 82 submissions were received, as listed in Appendix 1.
1.6
The committee held public hearings in Perth on 27 March 2012, Brisbane
on 28 March 2012 and in Canberra on 7 May 2012.
Other inquiries
1.7
The committee is cognisant of the attention that the engineering skills
shortage has garnered and is aware of a number of relevant studies in recent
times.
1.8
Australia's Chief Scientist, Professor Ian Chubb, released the Health
of Australian Science report in May 2012. The report particularly focused
on the important contribution that science, technology, engineering and
mathematics (STEM) make to the 'future health, security, safety and prosperity
as a nation, and as a planet'.[3]
The findings of the Chief Scientist are discussed in this report where
relevant.
1.9
Skills Australia is an independent statutory body that provides advice
to the government on Australia's current, emerging and future workforce skills
needs and workforce development needs.[4]
Skills Australia made a number of recommendations to address engineering skills
shortages in its 2010 report Australian Workforce Futures.[5]
More recently, Skills Australia hosted a seminar on engineering pathways in
December 2011. The key themes and observations that emerged from that seminar
are discussed in chapters 2 and 3 of this report.[6]
Skills Australia was replaced by the Australian Workforce and Productivity
Agency on 1 July 2012. The new agency is an expansion of the role and functions
of Skills Australia.
1.10
The National Resource Sector Employment Taskforce was established in
2009 to consider how best to meet the skills requirements of more than 75 major
resources projects in the pipeline over the next 5 years. The taskforce
reported to government on 7 July 2010 with 31 recommendations to address skills
shortages in the resources sector.[7]
The government accepted all 31 recommendations in March 2011. The key
areas identified for workforce development were to:
- promote workforce planning and sharing of information;
- increase the number of trade professionals;
- graduate more engineers and geoscientists;
- meet temporary skills shortages with temporary migration;
- strengthen workforce participation;
- forge stronger ties between industry and education; and
- address the need for affordable housing and community
infrastructure.
1.11
The Australian National Engineering Taskforce (ANET) was set up
specifically to assess the engineering skills shortage and develop a national
strategy to develop Australia's engineering workforce.[8]
ANET was established by the Association of Professional Engineers, Scientists,
and Managers, The Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering,
Engineers Australia, the Australian Council of Engineering Deans and Consult
Australia. Together these partners represent professional industrial,
commercial and academic interests in the engineering sector. In October 2010
ANET released a report titled Scoping our future: addressing Australia's
engineering skills shortage.[9]
The report highlights the challenges that skills shortages present to a range
of industries. In response to this inquiry ANET titled its submission: Realising
an innovation economy: a practical roadmap to ease the Australian engineering
skills shortage. The recommendations made by ANET are discussed in chapter
4.
1.12
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation commissioned
academics Emeritus Professor David Beanland and Professor Roger Hadgraft
to research engineering education.[10]
In their report, the release of which is forthcoming, the authors identified a
number of weaknesses in the current approach and called for significant changes
to engineering education. These findings and recommendations are considered in
chapter 3.
1.13
The Business Council of Australia (BCA) released a report into Australia's
capital investment on 7 June 2012.[11]
The BCA draws attention to the $921 billion pipeline of investment in
resources, energy and economic infrastructure, warning that Australia risks not
being able to efficiently deliver these projects because it is becoming a 'high-cost'
and therefore 'high-risk' place to invest. Further, the BCA reported that Australia's
low labour productivity has reduced its competitiveness. In relation to skills
shortages, the BCA concludes that Australia must train or attract 'high quality
project planners and managers' in order to 'overcome major skills shortages'.[12]
1.14
The Australian Local Government Association released the 2012-2013 State
of the Regions Report on 17 June 2012. The authors observed that many parts of
Australia are not benefiting from the mining boom and recommend that the
government establish dedicated funds to support local infrastructure projects.[13]
Acknowledgements
1.15
The committee thanks all those who contributed to this inquiry by making
submissions, providing additional information or appearing before it to give
evidence.
Note on references
1.16
References in this report to the Hansard for the public hearings are to
the proof Hansard. Please note that page numbers may vary between the proof and
official transcripts.
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