Chapter 1 - Introduction

[1]        Senate Community Affairs References Committee, Inquiry into Violence, abuse and neglect against people with disability (Abuse inquiry), November 2015, pp 179–181.

[2]        Community Affairs Committee, Abuse inquiry, November 2015, p. 180.

[3]        See: Malarndirri McCarthy, 'Indigenous Australian disabled man wrongfully jailed, UN hears', SBS TV, 18 November 2015.

[4]        See: 'Urgent need for law change as mentally-impaired accused detained indefinitely, WA Chief Justice Wayne Martin says', ABC News, 10 July 2015, (accessed 23 November 2015)

[5]        A forensic or criminal mental health detention order can be placed on an individual alleged to have committed a crime who is deemed 'unfit to plead' or 'unfit to stand trial'.

[6]        A person may be scheduled or involuntarily detained under a state or territory mental health act for their safety, the safety of others or for recovery purposes. Similar orders can also be given under state and territory disability and guardianship frameworks, and these are more generally for issues around cognitive impairment.

[7]        Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Disability prevalence and trends, December 2003, pp 31–33, http://www.aihw.gov.au/publication-detail/?id=6442467543 (accessed 14 December 2015).

[8]        AIHW, Disability in Australia: intellectual disability, Bulletin 67, November 2008, p. 2.

[9]        Eileen Baldry, 'Disability at the margins: limits of the law', Griffith Law Review, volume 23, no. 3, pp 372–373, http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10383441.2014.1000218 (accessed 14 December 2015).

[10]      Aboriginal Disability Justice Campaign, No End in Sight: The imprisonment, and indefinite detention of Indigenous Australians with a Cognitive Impairment, September 2012, pp 46–47, www.pwd.org.au/documents/pubs/adjc/NoEndinSight.pdf (accessed 11 February 2016).

[11]      Eileen Baldry, 'Disability at the margins: limits of the law', Griffith Law Review, volume 23, no. 3, p. 372. Other useful definitions for 'mental illness' can be found at: NSW Mental Health Review Tribunal, Civil Hearing Kit: Involuntary Patient Reviews, August 2015, p. 2, http://www.mhrt.nsw.gov.au/assets/files/mhrt/pdf/HearingKit_Section1_%20InvoluntaryDetention_Aug15.pdf (accessed 7 December 2015); ABS 4326.0, National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing: Summary of Results, October 2008, http://www.ausstats.abs.gov.au/ausstats/subscriber.nsf/0/6AE6DA447F985FC2CA2574EA00122BD6/$File/43260_2007.pdf (accessed 7 December 2015).

[12]      Eileen Baldry, 'Disability at the margins: limits of the law', Griffith Law Review, volume 23, no. 3, pp 372–373.

[13]      Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Disability prevalence and trends, December 2003, p. 6.

[14]      See: https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Community_Affairs/Indefinite_Detention

[15]      Senate Community Affairs References Committee, Inquiry into Violence, abuse and neglect against people with disability in institutional and residential settings, including the gender and age related dimensions, and the particular situation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with disability, and culturally and linguistically diverse people with disability, November 2015, p. xvii, https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/ Community_Affairs/Violence_abuse_neglect/Report (accessed 4 December 2015).

[16]      See: https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Community_Affairs/IndefiniteDetention

[17]      See: https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Community_Affairs/ Indefinite_Detention

Chapter 2 - Forensic or criminal orders—statistics, legislation and reviews

[1]        A forensic or criminal mental health detention order can be placed on an individual alleged to have committed a crime who is deemed 'unfit to plead' or 'unfit to stand trial'.

[2]        A person may be scheduled or involuntarily detained under a state or territory mental health act for their safety, the safety of others or for recovery purposes. Similar orders can also be given under state and territory disability and guardianship frameworks, and these are more generally for issues around cognitive impairment.

[3]        Forensic or criminal orders can be issued for those those alleged to have committed a crime and who are found unable to plead or not guilty by reason of mental incapacity ('unfit to plead'). A mental health review board or tribunal oversees forensic or criminal mental health orders in all states and territories except for South Australia.

[4]        Sentencing Advisory Council of South Australia, Mental impairment and the law: A Report on the operation of Part 8A of the Criminal Law Consolidation Act 1935 (SA), November 2014, p. 133, http://www.agd.sa.gov.au/about-agd/what-we-do/services-government/sentencing-advisory-council-south-australia (accessed 11 January 2015).

[5]        Louis Andrews et al, 'New project to tackle the detention of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with disabilities', Croakey Online, 6 January 2016, http://croakey.org/new-project-to-tackle-the-detention-of-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-people-with-disabilities/ (accessed 8 January 2016).

[6]        More up-to-date statics are provided by the NSW Government which indicate that there are 412 forensic prisoners in total. However, this data does not provide a breakdown of outpatients.

[7]        This includes 51 involuntary orders for people receiving treatment in a hospital on the campus of a correctional facility.

[8]        NT Government, Submission 75, Appendix A.

[10]      WA Mentally Impaired Accused Review Board (MIARB), Mentally Impaired Accused Review Board: About us, http://www.miarb.wa.gov.au/A/about_us.aspx?uid=3762-9988-8324-2583 (accessed 3 November 2016).

[11]      MIARB, 2014/15 Annual Report, pp 27–28, http://www.miarb.wa.gov.au/_files/MIARB_ Annual_Report_2014_15.pdf (accessed 11 December 2015).

[12]      WA Disability Services Commission, Bennett Brook Disability Justice Centre: Questions and Answers.

[13]      NSW Mental Health Review Tribunal, http://www.mhrt.nsw.gov.au/forensic-patients/forensic-procedures.html and http://www.mhrt.nsw.gov.au/the-tribunal/

[14]      NSW Government, Submission 66, pp 2–3.

[15]      NSW Mental Health Review Tribunal, 2014/15 Annual Report, p. 43, http://www.mhrt.nsw.gov.au/assets/files/mhrt/pdf/MHRT%20Annual%20Report%202015.pdf (accessed 11 December 2015).

[16]      Tasmanian Mental Health Tribunal, Annual Report 2014–15, pp 10–11 and 16–17.

[17]      Victorian Mental Health Tribunal, 2014/15 Annual Report, p. 9.

[18]      Victorian Mental Health Tribunal, 2014/15 Annual Report, p. 23.

[19]      The Mental Health Court's 'role is to decide whether or not the person facing court was of unsound mind at the time of the alleged offence, and also whether or not the person is fit to plead'. This is a unique institution with a unique role that is only seen in Queensland.

[20]      Queensland Mental Health Tribunal, Annual Report 2014–15, pp 10, 19–20. Queensland is the only state to have a dedicated Mental Health Court. See also: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/forensicmentalhealth/media/default.asp

[21]      Queensland Director of Mental Health, Annual Report 2014–2015, pp 27–28.

[22]      Mr Joseph Briggs, Barrister, Designated Counsel to the Queensland Mental Health Court, Legal Aid Queensland, Committee Hansard, Brisbane, 23 March 2016, p. 3.

[23]      SACAT, Mental health, http://www.sacat.sa.gov.au/types-of-cases/mental-health (accessed 16 January 2016).

[24]      South Australian Chief Psychiatrist, Annual Report 2014-15, pp 16, 19.

[25]      Barriers 2 Justice, Submission 67, p. 2.

[26]      Christopher Knaus, 'Mentally ill man sent to prison because there's "nowhere else for him to go"', The Canberra Times, 8 January 2016, http://www.canberratimes.com.au/act-news/mentally-ill-man-sent-to-prison-because-theres-nowhere-else-for-him-to-go-20160108-gm1rvs.html (accessed 11 January 2016).

[27]      Law Council of Australia (Law Council), Submission 72, p. 6.

[28]      COAG Law, Crime and Community Safety Council, 'Draft Communique', 5 November 2015, p. [3].

[29]      Additional Information, Civil Law Unit, Attorney-General's Department, received 8 November 2016.

[30]      Western Australian Mentally Impaired Accused Review Board (MIARB), 2014/15 Annual Report, p. 20. See: ABS 3238.0.55.001, Estimates of Aboriginal and Torres Strait islander Australians.

[31]      Louis Andrews et al, 'New project to tackle the detention of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with disabilities', Croakey Online, 6 January 2016, http://croakey.org/new-project-to-tackle-the-detention-of-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-people-with-disabilities/ (accessed 8 January 2016).

[32]      Law Council, Submission 72, p. 14.

[33]      Law Council, Submission 72, p. 14.

[34]      Australian Medical Association, Submission 12, p. 5.

[35]      AMA, Submission 12, p. 5.

[36]      Amnesty International Australia, Submission 38, p. 3.

[37]      Telethon Kids Institute, Submission 45, p. 3.

[38]      AMA, Submission 12, p. 5.       

[39]      Amnesty International Australia, Submission 38, p. 2. In the mainly Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community of Fitzroy Crossing in northern WA, 12 per cent of children have been diagnosed with FASD.

[40]      Disability Rights Advocacy Service, Submission 37, p. 2.

[41]      Professor Harry Blagg et al., Submission 8, p. [13]. In Western Australia, diagnosis with FASD triggers indefinite detention in a prison or a declared place under the CLMIA Act 1996. Such a person cannot be taken to a secure mental health unit unless they have a treatable mental illness.

[42]      Mr Peter Collins, Director, Legal Services, Aboriginal Legal Service of WA, Committee Hansard, Perth, 19 September 2016, p. 16.

[43]      ABS 4727.0.55.001—Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Survey: 2012–13, November 2013.

[44]      Ms Jodi Barney, Deaf Indigenous Community Consultancy, Committee Hansard, Melbourne, 29 April 2016, p. 49.

[45]      See: Chatter Matters Tasmania, Submission 54, p. [4].

[46]      The North Australian Aboriginal Justice Agency (NAAJA), Submission 60, p. 10.

[47]      NSW Mental Health Commission, Submission 21, p. 4.

[48]      Australian Lawyers Alliance, Submission 33, p. [5].

[49]      Australian Lawyers Alliance, Submission 33, pp [5–6].

[50]      Mr Peter Collins, Director, Legal Services, Aboriginal Legal Service of Western Australia, Committee Hansard, Perth, 19 September 2016, p.16.

[51]      National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Legal Services, Submission 34, p. 8. See also: NSW Mental Health Commission, Submission 21, pp 4–5; Australian Lawyers Alliance, Submission 33, p. [6].

[52]      National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Legal Services, Submission 34, pp 6–7.

[53]      NSW Mental Health Commission, Submission 21, p. 4.

[54]      Queensland Advocacy Incorporated, Submission 7, p.6.

[55]      Law Council, The mandatory sentencing debate, http://www.lawcouncil.asn.au/lawcouncil/index.php/law-council-media/news/352-mandatory-sentencing-debate (accessed 2 June 2016).

[56]      Law Council, The mandatory sentencing debate.

[57]      Mr Shane Duffy, CEO, ATSILS, Committee Hansard, Brisbane, 23 March 2016, p. 42.

[58]      Western Australian Association for Mental Health, Submission 27, p. 13.

[59]      Mr Shane Duffy, CEO, ATSILS, Committee Hansard, Brisbane, 23 March 2016, p. 42.

[60]      Australian Bureau of Statistics, ABS 4517.0, Prisoners in Australia 2014. Nearly 60 per cent of prisoners are repeat offenders.

[61]      Mark Lynch, Julieanne Buckman, Leigh Krenske, Youth Justice: Criminal Trajectories, Australian Institute of Criminology, September 2003, No. 265, p. 2, http://www.aic.gov.au/media_library/publications/tandi_pdf/tandi265.pdf (accessed 2 June 2016).

[62]      Western Australian Department of the Attorney General, Review of the Criminal Law (Mentally Impaired Accused) Act 1996: Final Report, April 2016, pp 11–12.

[63]      Dr Glenn Jessop (Policy Manager, Jesuit Social Services) & Dr John Chesterman (Director of Strategy, Victorian Office of the Public Advocate), Committee Hansard, Melbourne, 29 April 2016, pp 3 & 6. Also, see: Ms Carly Warner, EO, NATSILS, Committee Hansard, Melbourne, 29 April 2016, p. 12.

[64]      WA Mental Health Advisory Service, 2015–16 Annual Report, p. 75.

[65]      International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 9, http://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/ccpr.aspx (accessed 15 December 2015).

[66]      International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 15.

[67]      United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Article 16, http://www.un.org/disabilities/convention/conventionfull.shtml (accessed 21 August 2015).

[68]      Mr Ian McKinlay, Spokesperson, Aboriginal Disability Justice Campaign, Committee Hansard, Melbourne, 29 April 2016, p. 14.

[69]      See: http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/CRPD/Pages/Tablependingcases.aspx

[70]      Aboriginal Disability Justice Campaign, Submission 76, pp 4–5.

[71]      United Nations Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UN Disability Committee), Concluding observations on the initial report of Australia, adopted by the Committee at its tenth session (2–13 September 2013), 4 October 2013, p. 5. See: Attorney-General's Department, Convention on the rights of persons with disabilities, http://www.ag.gov.au/RightsAndProtections/HumanRights/Pages/UnitedNationsConventionontherightsofpersonswithdisabilities.aspx (accessed 24 September 2016).

[72]      UN Disability Committee, Concluding observations, p. 5.

[73]      UN Disability Committee, Concluding observations, p. 5.

[74]      Disability Representative, Advocacy, Legal and Human Rights Organisations (DRALHRO), Disability Rights Now: Civil Society Report to the United Nations Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, August 2012, pp 85–86, http://www.pwd.org.au/issues/crpd-civil-society-shadow-report-group.html (accessed 24 September 2015).

[75]      DRALHRO, Disability Rights Now, p. 89.

[76]      United Nations Office of the High Commissioner, Australia urged to amend laws that lead to people with mental disabilities being detained indefinitely, 23 September 2016, http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=20566&LangID=E (accessed 13 October 2016).

[77]      Correspondence from Mr Andrew Walter, Assistant Secretary, Civil Law Unit, Attorney-General's Department, 8 November 2016.

[78]      Sentencing Advisory Council of South Australia, Mental impairment and the law: A Report on the operation of Part 8A of the Criminal Law Consolidation Act 1935 (SA), November 2014, p. 133, http://www.agd.sa.gov.au/about-agd/what-we-do/services-government/sentencing-advisory-council-south-australia (accessed 11 January 2016).

[79]      Australian Law Reform Commission (ALRC), Equality, Capacity and Disability in Commonwealth Laws, Law Reform Commission Report 124, August 2014, p. 206, https://www.alrc.gov.au/publications/equality-capacity-disability-report-124 (accessed 15 December 2015).

[80]      ALRC, Equality, Capacity and Disability in Commonwealth Laws, p. 210.

[81]      ALRC, Equality, Capacity and Disability in Commonwealth Laws, pp 207–208.

[82]      ALRC, Equality, Capacity and Disability in Commonwealth Laws, pp 208–209.

[83]      ALRC, Equality, Capacity and Disability in Commonwealth Laws, p. 209.

[84]      ALRC, 'Modelling Supported decision making in Commonwealth Laws—The ALRC's 2014 report and making it work', 20 October 2016.

[85]      Australian Human Rights Commission (AHRC), Equal Before the Law: Towards Disability Justice Strategies, February 2014, p. 30, https://www.humanrights.gov.au/ our-work/disability-rights/publications/equal-law (accessed 15 December 2015).

[86]      AHRC, Equal Before the Law, p. 37.

[87]      AHRC, 'Jailed without conviction: Commissioners call for audit', 13 March 2014, https://www.humanrights.gov.au/news/stories/jailed-without-conviction-commissioners-call-audit (accessed 15 December 2015).

[88]      AHRC, KA, KB, KC and KD v Commonwealth of Australia (Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet, Department of Social Services, Attorney-General’s Department): Report into arbitrary detention, inhumane conditions of detention and the right of people with disabilities to live in the community with choices equal to others, [2014] AusHRC 80, p. 3, https://www.humanrights.gov.au/our-work/legal/publications/ka-kb-kc-and-kd-v-commonwealth-australia (accessed 21 March 2016).

[89]      AHRC, KA, KB, KC and KD v Commonwealth of Australia, p. 3.

[90]      AHRC, KA, KB, KC and KD v Commonwealth of Australia, p. 4.

[91]      AHRC, KA, KB, KC and KD v Commonwealth of Australia, pp 49–52.

[92]      AHRC, KA, KB, KC and KD v Commonwealth of Australia, pp 52–53.

[93]      Productivity Commission, Access to Justice Arrangements, Inquiry Report Overview, No. 72, 5 September 2014,  pp 41–42, http://www.pc.gov.au/inquiries/completed/access-justice/report/access-justice-overview.pdf (accessed 28 November 2016). See also: Appendix 4 of this report for the full recommoendations relevant to this inquiry.

[94]      National Mental Health Commission, Position Statement on seclusion and restraint in mental health, May 2015, http://www.mentalhealthcommission.gov.au/media/123607/Position%20Statement%20seclusion%20and%20restraint%20FINAL%20ENDORSED%2020%20MAY%202015%20(D15-676981).PDF (accessed 11 January 2016).

[95]      Office of the Inspector of Custodial Services in Western Australia, Mentally impaired accused on 'custody orders': Not guilty, but incarcerated indefinitely, April 2014, p. iii, http://www.oics.wa.gov.au/reports/mentally-impaired-accused-custody-orders-guilty-incarcerated-indefinitely/ (accessed 17 December 2015).

[96]      Mentally impaired accused on 'custody orders', p. 10.

[97]      Mentally impaired accused on 'custody orders', p. 8.

[98]      Mentally impaired accused on 'custody orders', pp 10–12.

[99]      Mentally impaired accused on 'custody orders', p. 29.

[100]    WA Supreme Court, 'Speeches: Opening of the Bennett Brook Disability Justice Centre by the Hon Wayne Martin AC, Chief Justice of Western Australia', 4 August 2015, http://www.supremecourt.wa.gov.au/S/speeches_2015.aspx (accessed 15 December 2015).

[101]    WA Disability Services Commission, Bennett Brook Disability Justice Centre, http://www.disability.wa.gov.au/reform1/reform/disability-justice-centre/ (accessed 15 December 2015).

[102]    Attorney-General, Western Australia, 'Mentally impaired accused paper released', Media Statement, 25 September 2014, https://www.mediastatements.wa.gov.au/Pages/Barnett/2014/09/Mentally-impaired-accused-paper-released.aspx (accessed 15 December 2015).

[103]    Department of the Attorney General, Western Australia, Annual Report 2014-15, 'Services to Government', http://www.ar.dotag.wa.gov.au/R/reviews.aspx?uid=1305-2232-3428-1256 (accessed 15 December 2015).

[106]    North Australian Aboriginal Justice Agency, Submission 60, pp [2–4].

[107]    NAAJA, Submission 60, p. [4].

[108]    NAAJA, Submission 60, p. [45].

[109]    Parliament of Victoria Law Reform Committee, Inquiry into access to and interaction with the justice system by people with an intellectual disability and their families and carers, March 2013, http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/57th-parliament/lawreform/article/1461 (accessed 7 January 2015).

[110]    Law Reform Committee, Inquiry into access to and interaction with the justice system, p. xxi.

[111]    Law Reform Committee, Inquiry into access to and interaction with the justice system, p. xxi.

[112]    Law Reform Committee, Inquiry into access to and interaction with the justice system, pp 245–246.

[113]    Victorian Law Reform Commission, Review of the Crimes (Mental Impairment and Unfitness to be Tried) Act 1997 (Review of the CMIA), 21 August 2014, http://www.lawreform.vic.gov.au/all-projects/crimes-mental-impairment (accessed 7 January 2016).

[114]    Victorian Law Reform Commission, Review of the CMIA, p. xxxiii.

[115]    Victorian Law Reform Commission, Review of the CMIA, p. xxxiv.

[116]    Victorian Law Reform Commission, Review of the CMIA, p. 438.

[117]    NSW Law Reform Commission, People with cognitive and mental health impairments in the criminal justice system, http://www.lawreform.justice.nsw.gov.au/Pages/lrc/lrc_completed_projects/lrc_peoplewithcognitiveandmentalhealthimpairmentsinthecriminaljusticesystem/lrc_peoplewithcognitiveandmentalhealthimpairmentsinthecriminaljusticesystem.aspx (accessed 8 January 2016).

[118]    NSW Law Reform Commission, People with cognitive and mental health impairments in the criminal justice system: Diversion, Report 135, June 2012, http://www.lawreform.justice.nsw.gov.au/Pages/lrc/lrc_completed_projects/lrc_peoplewithcognitiveandmentalhealthimpairmentsinthecriminaljusticesystem/lrc_peoplewithcognitiveandmentalhealthimpairmentsinthecriminaljusticesystem.aspx (accessed 8 January 2016).

[119]    NSW Law Reform Commission, Diversion, pp xxvii–xxxiv.

[120]    NSW Law Reform Commission, People with cognitive and mental health impairments in the criminal justice system: Criminal responsibility and consequences (Criminal responsibility), Report 138, May 2013, http://www.lawreform.justice.nsw.gov.au/Pages/lrc/lrc_completed_projects/lrc_peoplewithcognitiveandmentalhealthimpairmentsinthecriminaljusticesystem/lrc_peoplewithcognitiveandmentalhealthimpairmentsinthecriminaljusticesystem.aspx (accessed 8 January 2016).

[121]    NSW Law Reform Commission, Criminal responsibility, p. xxii-xxiii.

[122]    Mental Health (Forensic Provisions) Act 1990 (NSW) s 51(1).

[123]    See: Recommendation 7.2, NSW Law Reform Commission, Criminal responsibility, pp 180–181.

[124]    NSW Law Reform Commission, Criminal responsibility, p. xx.

[125]    See: Recommendation 11.1, NSW Law Reform Commission, Criminal responsibility, p. xxv; Mental Health (Forensic Provisions) Act 1990, Division 2, s. 7(1)(2).

[126]    Sentencing Advisory Council of South Australia, Mental impairment and the law: A Report on the operation of Part 8A of the Criminal Law Consolidation Act 1935 (SA), November 2014, http://www.agd.sa.gov.au/about-agd/what-we-do/services-government/sentencing-advisory-council-south-australia (accessed 11 January 2016).

[127]    Sentencing Advisory Council of South Australia, Mental impairment and the law: A Report on the operation of Part 8A of the Criminal Law Consolidation Act 1935 (SA), p. 6.

[128]    Sentencing Advisory Council of South Australia, Mental impairment and the law: A Report on the operation of Part 8A of the Criminal Law Consolidation Act 1935 (SA), p. 9.

[129]    Sentencing Advisory Council of South Australia, Mental impairment and the law: A Report on the operation of Part 8A of the Criminal Law Consolidation Act 1935 (SA), p. 13.

Chapter 3 - Sentencing and access to justice

[1]        Dr Piers Gooding, Post-Doctoral Researcher, University of Melbourne, Committee Hansard, Darwin, 25 October 2016, p. 3.

[2]        Hayley Roman, 'Marlon Noble continues campaign for freedom', ABC News Online, http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-05-08/marlon-noble-attends-film-of-incarceration/4676620  (accessed 10 December 2015).

[3]        Unfinished Business, Stories from Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People with Disabilities: Marlon Noble, http://www.unfinishedbusiness.net.au/portfolio/marlon-noble-2/ (accessed 10 December 2015). See also: http://croakey.org/new-project-to-tackle-the-detention-of-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-people-with-disabilities/

[4]        John Stewart, 'Aboriginal woman's jailing highlights plight of intellectually impaired Aboriginal offenders', ABC News Online, 13 March 2014, http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-03-12/intellectually-disabled%C2%A0aboriginal-people-stuck-in-legal-limbo/5316892 (accessed 4 December 2015). See also: '"Urgent need" for law change as mentally impaired accused detained indefinitely', ABC News Online, 10 July 2015, http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-07-10/push-for-mentally-impaired-accused-law-change-in-wa/6611010 (accessed 4 December 2015).

[5]        Mr Ian McKinlay, Committee Hansard, Alice Springs, 26 October 2016, p. 19.

[6]        NT Government, Submission 75, p. 1.

[7]        NT Government, Submission 75, p. 3.

[8]        Mr Greg McDonald, NT Government Solicitor, Committee Hansard, Darwin, 25 October 2016, pp 26–27.  See also: Answer to Question on Notice No. 1, NT Government.

[9]        NT Government, Submission 75, p. 4.

[10]      NT Government, Submission 75, p. 4.

[11]      Ms Vanessa Harris, EO, NT Mental Health Coalition, Committee Hansard, Darwin, 25 October 2016, pp 16–17. See also: NAAJA, Submission 60.

[12]      Office of the Inspector of Custodial Services in Western Australia, Mentally impaired accused on 'custody orders': Not guilty, but incarcerated indefinitely, April 2014, p. 5.

[13]      Disability Services Commission (WA), Bennett Brook Disability Justice Centre, http://www.disability.wa.gov.au/individuals-families-and-carers/for-individuals-families-and-carers/disability-justice-centre/ (accessed 8 November 2016).

[14]      Dr Ron Chalmers, Director-General, WA Disability Services Commission, Committee Hansard, Perth, 19 September 2016, p. 43.

[15]      Chief Justice Wayne Martin, Committee Hansard, Perth, 19 September 2016, p. 6.

[16]      Chief Justice Wayne Martin, Committee Hansard, Perth, 19 September 2016, p. 4.

[17]      Chief Justice Wayne Martin, Committee Hansard, Perth, 19 September 2016, p. 5.

[18]      Council of Europe's Commissioner for Human Rights, Who gets to decide? Right to Legal Capacity for Persons with Intellectual and Psychosocial Disabilities, Issue Paper No. 2, 20 February 2012. Referenced in: Professor Bernadette McSherry, 'Mental Health Laws: Where to from here?', Monash University Law Review, Vol. 40, No. 1, 2014, p. 186.

[19]      Professor Bernadette McSherry, 'Mental Health Laws: Where to from here?', Monash University Law Review, Vol. 40, No. 1, 2014, p. 186.

[20]      Professor Bernadette McSherry, 'Mental Health Laws: Where to from here?', Monash University Law Review, Vol. 40, No. 1, 2014, p. 186.

[21]      United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Article 12, s. 12, http://www.un.org/disabilities/convention/conventionfull.shtml (accessed 1 March 2016).

[22]      United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Article 16, http://www.un.org/disabilities/convention/conventionfull.shtml (accessed 21 August 2016).

[23]      Mr Greg McDonald, NT Government Solicitor, Committee Hansard, Darwin, 25 October 2016, pp 26–27.  See also: Chief Justice Wayne Martin, Committee Hansard, Perth, 19 September 2016, p. 2.

[24]      Mr Peter Collins, Director, Legal Services, Aboriginal Legal Service of WA, Committee Hansard, Perth, 19 September 2016, p. 18.

[25]      Office of the Public Advocate (Qld), Submission 36, pp 13–14.

[26]      Mr Simon Wardale, Committee Hansard, Brisbane, 23 March 2016, p. 27. See also: Ms Tania Collins, Senior Criminal Legal Officer, Central Australian Aboriginal Legal Aid Service, pp 19–20.

[27]      Ms Taryn Harvey, CEO, Developmental Disability WA, Committee Hansard, Perth, 19 September 2016, p. 26.

[28]      Mr Peter Collins, Director, Legal Services, ALSWA, Committee Hansard, Perth, 19 September 2016, p. 21.

[29]      Mr Peter Collins, Director, Legal Services, ALSWA, Committee Hansard, Perth, 19 September 2016, p. 21.

[30]      Jesuit Social Services, Submission 53, p. 20.

[31]      A. Gray, S. Forell & S. Clarke, 'Cognitive impairment, legal need and access to justice', Justice Issues, Paper 10, March 2009, p. 5, http://www.lawfoundation.net.au/ljf/site/articleIDs/2EDD47C8AEB2BB36CA25756F0018AFE0/$file/JI10_Cognitive_impairment.pdf (accessed 1 March 2016).

[32]      A. Gray, S. Forell & S. Clarke, 'Cognitive impairment, legal need and access to justice', Justice Issues, Paper 10, March 2009, pp 5–8.

[33]      Law Commission of England and Wales, Unfitness to Plead—Volume 1: Report, 12 January 2016, p. 321. See also: Australian Law Reform Commission, Equality, Capacity and Disability in Commonwealth Laws, May 2014, paragraph 7.17–7.18.

[34]      Law Commission of England and Wales, Unfitness to Plead—Volume 1: Report, 12 January 2016, p. 319.

[35]      Mr Patrick McGee, Coordinator, Aboriginal Disability Justice Campaign, L Trobe University, Proof Committee, Brisbane, 23 March 2016, p. 36

[36]      Victorian Law Reform Commission, Review of the Crimes (Mental Impairment and Unfitness to be Tried) Act 1997: Consultation Paper, June 2013, p. 60.

[37]      Senate Community Affairs References Committee, Violence, abuse and neglect against people with disability in institutional and residential settings, including the gender and age related dimensions, and the particular situation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with disability, and culturally and linguistically diverse people with disability, November 2015, p. 164.

[38]      Ms Anna Tree, Chief of Staff, Dignity for Disability, Committee Hansard, Alice Springs, 26 October 2016, pp 16–17.

[39]      See http://www.socialequity.unimelb.edu.au/projects/unfitness-to-plead-and-indefinite-detention-of-persons-with-cognitive-impairments-addressing-the-legal-barriers-and-creating-appropriate-alternative-supports-in-the-community/ (accessed 1 March 2016).

[40]      Dr Piers Gooding, Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Disability Research Initiative, Melbourne Social Equity Institute, Melbourne Law School, University of Melbourne, Committee Hansard, Darwin, 25 October 2016, p. 2.

[41]      Additional Information, Unfitness to plead project: Cost-Benefit Analysis of Supporter, University of Melbourne, October 2016, pp 4–5.

[42]      Mr Daniel Clements (General Manager, Justice Programs, Jesuit Social Services) & Ms Eleanore Fritze (Senior Lawyer, Mental Health and Disability, Victoria Legal Aid), Committee Hansard, Melbourne, 29 April 2016, pp 6–7.

[43]      Queensland Courts, Mental Health Court, http://www.courts.qld.gov.au/courts/mental-health-court (accessed 16 May 2016).

[44]      Law Reform Commission of Western Australia, Court Intervention Programs: Consultation Paper, p. 105, http://www.lrc.justice.wa.gov.au/_files/Ch03-CIP.pdf (accessed 16 May 2016).

[45]      Western Australia Department of the Attorney General, Mental Health Court (Start and Links Courts, http://www.ar.dotag.wa.gov.au/M/mental_health_court_start.aspx?uid=5761-1625-4607-8265 (accessed 16 May 2016).

[46]      Magistrates Court of Western Australia, Start Court, http://www.magistratescourt.wa.gov.au/S/start_court.aspx (accessed 16 May 2016).

[47]      Professor Harry Blagg, Dr Tamara Tulich & Ms Zoe Bush, Submission 8a, p. [4]. See also: Professor Harry Blagg, Professor of Criminology, University of Western Australia, Committee Hansard, Perth, 19 September 2016, p. 28.

[48]      Mr Peter Collins, Director, Legal Services, ALSWA, Committee Hansard, Perth, 19 September 2016, p. 17.

[49]      NAAJA, Submission 60, p. [6].

[50]      Victorian Ombudsman, Submission 20, p. 7.

[51]      Victorian Ombudsman, Submission 20, p. 7.

[52]      Mr Daniel Clements, General Manager, Justice Programs, Jesuit Social Services, Committee Hansard, Melbourne, 29 April 2016, p. 6.

[53]      Professor Harry Blagg et al, Submission 8, p. [13].

[54]      JSS, Submission 53, p. 20.

[55]      JSS, Submission 53, p. 20.

[56]      JSS, Submission 53, p. 20.

[57]      Mr Wardale is currently the Director of Forensic Disability at the Queensland Department of Communities, Child Safety and Disability Services. Previously he has served as the Director of Practice Leadership at the Queensland-based Centre of Excellence for Behaviour Support and as a Regional Senior Practice Advisor with the Victorian Department of Human Services.

[58]      Mr Simon Wardale, Committee Hansard, Brisbane, 23 March 2016, p. 26.

[59]      Mr Simon Wardale, Committee Hansard, Brisbane, 23 March 2015, p. 26.

[60]      Law Council of Australia, Submission 72, p. 16. See also: Mr Russell Goldflam, President, Criminal Lawyers Association of the Northern Territory, Committee Hansard, Alice Springs, 26 October 2016, p. 2.

[61]      Australian Law Reform Commission, Submission 4, p. [1].

[62]      NAAJA, Submission 60, pp [10–11].

[63]      Aboriginal Disability Justice Agency, Submission 76, p. [3].

[64]      Dr Tamara Tulich, Lecturer, University of Western Australia, Committee Hansard, Perth, 19 September 2016, p. 29

[65]      Answer to Question on Notice No. 2, NT Government.

[66]      Mr Russell Goldflam, President, Criminal Lawyers Association of the NT, Committee Hansard, Alice Springs, 26 October 2016, p. 2.

[67]      NAAJA, Submission 60, p. [11].

[68]      NAAJA, Submission 60, p. [7].

[69]      Dr Glenn Jessop, Policy Manager, Jesuit Social Services, Committee Hansard, Melbourne, 29 April 2016, p. 4.

[70]      Victorian Ombudsman, Submission 20, p. 3.    

[71]      NSW Government, Submission 66, pp 11–12.

[72]      NAAJA, Submission 60, p. [6].

[73]      AMA, Submission 12a, p. 6.

[74]      Australian Medical Association, Submission 12, p. 5.

[75]      Law Council of Australia, Submission 72, p. 15.

[76]      Professor Harry Blagg, University of Western Australia, Committee Hansard, Perth, 19 September 2016, p. 28.

[77]      Mr Peter Collins, Director, Legal Services, Aboriginal Legal Service of WA, Committee Hansard, Perth, 19 September 2016, p. 16.

[78]      Clinical Associate Professor Dr Raewyn Cheryll Mutch, Post-Doctoral Senior Research Fellow and Paediatrician, Telethon Kids Institute, Committee Hansard, Perth, 19 September 2016, p. 34.

[79]      Clinical Associate Professor Dr Raewyn Cheryll Mutch, Post-Doctoral Senior Research Fellow and Paediatrician, Telethon Kids Institute, Committee Hansard, Perth, 19 September 2016, p. 32.

[80]      Clinical Associate Professor Dr Raewyn Cheryll Mutch, Post-Doctoral Senior Research Fellow and Paediatrician, Telethon Kids Institute, Committee Hansard, Perth, 19 September 2016, p. 33.

[81]      Chief Justice Wayne Martin, Committee Hansard, Perth, 19 September 2016, p. 5.

[82]      Professor Neil Morgan, Inspector of Custodial Services, Office of the Inspector of Custodial Services, Committee Hansard, Perth, 19 September 2016, p. 9.

[83]      Dr Ron Chalmers, Director-General, Disability Services Commission, Committee Hansard, Perth, 19 September 2016, p. 45.

[84]      Mentally Impaired Accused Review Board, Annual Report 2015/16, pp 13 & 22.

[85]      Ms Taryn Harvey, CEO, Developmental Disability WA, Committee Hansard, Perth, 19 September 2016, p. 26.

[86]      Answer to Question on Notice No. 1, Mr Russell Goldflam.

[87]      Mr Russell Goldflam, President, Criminal Lawyers Association of the NT, Committee Hansard, Alice Springs, 26 October 2016, p. 5.

Chapter 4 - The inappropriate use of prison for forensic patients

[1]        Barriers 2 Justice, Submission 67, p. 8.

[2]        Mr Russell Goldflam, President, Criminal Lawyers Association of the Northern Territory, Committee Hansard, Alice Springs, 26 October 2016, p. 3.

[3]        Mr David Egege, Committee Hansard, Alice Springs, 26 October 2016, p. 15.

[4]        Barriers 2 Justice, Submission 67, p. 12.

[5]        Ms Alison Youssef, Submission 73, p. 6.

[6]        Royal Australian New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP), Submission 17, pp 11–12.

[7]        ADJC, Submission 76, p. [3].

[8]        Criminal Lawyers Association of the Northern Territory, Submission 18, p. 3.

[9]        ADJC, Submission 76, p. [4].

[10]      Ms Alison Muller, Principal Solicitor, Geraldton Resource Centre Inc., Committee Hansard, Perth, 19 September 2016, p. 22.

[11]      Barriers 2 Justice, Submission 67, pp 9–10.

[12]      Ms Taryn Harvey, CEO, Developmental Disability WA, Committee Hansard, Perth, 19 September 2016, p. 23. See also: Barriers 2 Justice, Submission 67, p. 8.

[13]      Mr Peter Collins, Director, Aboriginal Legal Service of WA, Committee Hansard, Darwin, 25 October 2016, p. 16.

[14]      Royal Australian New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP) Submission 17, p. 4.

[15]      Associate Professor Dan Howard, Submission 44, p. 2.

[16]      Aboriginal Legal Service of Western Australia, Submission 23a, p. 3.

[17]      WAAMH, Submission 27, p. 12.

[18]      NT Government, Submission 75, p. 3.

[19]      Mr Ian McKinlay, Adult Guardian and Spokesperson, ADJC, Committee Hansard, Alice Springs, 26 October 2016, p. 19.

[20]      Barriers 2 Justice, Submission 67, pp 8–9.

[21]      Mr David Woodroofe, Principal Legal Officer, NAAJA, Committee Hansard, Alice Springs, 26 October 2016, p. 11.

[22]      NAAJA, Submission 60, p. [7].

[23]      ADJC, Submission 76, p. [5].

[24]      Mr Ian McKinlay, Adult Guardian and Spokesperson, ADJC, Committee Hansard, Alice Springs, 26 October 2016, p. 19.

Chapter 5 - Pathways to supported living within the community

[1]        NAAJA, Submission 60, p. [1].

[2]        Chief Justice Wayne Martin, Committee Hansard, Perth, 19 September 2016, p. 5. Italics and emphasis added.

[3]        Mr Daniel Clements, General Manager, Justice Programs, Jesuit Social Services, Committee Hansard, Melbourne, 29 April 2016, p. 6.

[4]        NAAJA, Submission 60, p. [7].

[5]        Mr David Woodroofe, Principal Legal Officer, North Australian Aboriginal Justice Agency, Committee Hansard, Alice Springs, 26 October 2016, p. 12.

[6]        Answer to Question on Notice No. 2, NAAJA.

[7]        Ms Sally Sievers, Principal Community Visitor, Northern Territory Anti-Discrimination Commission, Committee Hansard, Darwin, 25 October 2016, p. 9.

[8]        An ISP can be referred interchangeably as an individual support plan, behaviour support plan, or individual care plan.

[9]        RANZCP, Submission 17, p. 8.

[10]      NT Government, Submission 75, p. 4.

[11]      Dr Ron Chalmers, Director-General, WA Disability Services Commission, Committee Hansard, Perth, 19 September 2016, p. 46.

[12]      Mr Russell Goldflam, President, Criminal Lawyers Association of the NT, Committee Hansard, Alice Springs, 26 October 2016, p. 2.

[13]      Mr Patrick McGee, Convenor, ADJC, Committee Hansard, Brisbane, 23 March 2016, pp 36–37.

[14]      Mr Patrick McGee, Convenor, ADJC, Committee Hansard, Brisbane, 23 March 2016, pp 36–37.

[15]      NTCVP, Submission 24, p. 4.

[16]      Ms Chelsea McKinney, Manager, Systemic Advocacy, WA Association for Mental Health, Committee Hansard, Perth, 19 September 2016, p. 38.

[17]      Ms Felicity Gerry QC, Vice-President, Criminal Lawyers Association of the Northern Territory (CLANT), Committee Hansard, Alice Springs, 26 October 2016, p. 5.

[18]      See: Mr David Woodroofe, Principal Legal Officer, NAAJA, Committee Hansard, Alice Springs, 26 October 2016, p. 9; Mr Russell Goldflam, President, CLANT, Committee Hansard, Alice Springs, 26 October 2016, p. 5; NT Community Visitor Program, Submission 24, p. 3.

[19]      Ms Sally Sievers, NT Principal Community Visitor, Committee Hansard, Darwin, 25 October 2016, pp 9–10.

[20]      Answer to Question on Notice No. 1, NAAJA.

[21]      Ms Maureen Schaffer, Director, Golden Glow Nursing, Committee Hansard, Darwin, 25 October 2016, p. 20.

[22]      Ms Sally Sievers, Principal Community Visitor—NT, Committee Hansard, Darwin, 25 October 2016, pp 9–10.

[23]      Ms Vanessa Harris, Executive Officer, Northern Territory Mental Health Coalition, Committee Hansard, Darwin, 25 October 2016, p. 21.

[24]      Mrs Elizabeth Russell, Chief Executive Officer, Russell Family Fetal Alcohol Disorders Association, Committee Hansard, Brisbane, 23 March 2016, p. 22.

[25]      Professor Patrick Keyzer, Head of School and Chair of Law and Public Policy, La Trobe Law School, La Trobe University, Committee Hansard, Melbourne, 29 April 2016, p. 29.

[26]      ADJC, Submission 76, p. [3].

[27]      Ms Maureen Schaffer, Director, Golden Glow Nursing, Committee Hansard, Darwin, 25 October 2016, p. 17.

[28]      Ms Sally Sievers, Principal Community Visitor, Northern Territory Ant-Discrimination Commission, Committee Hansard, Darwin, 25 October 2016, p. 14.

[29]      Ms Maureen Schaffer, Director, Golden Glow Nursing, Committee Hansard, Darwin, 25 October 2016, p. 21.

[30]      Mr Richard Campion, Acting General Manager, Top End Mental Health Services and Alcohol and Other Drugs Services, Department of Health, Northern Territory, Committee Hansard, Darwin, 25 October 2016, p. 28. See also: Answer to Question on Notice No. 5, NT Government.

[31]      Mr David Woodroofe, Principal Legal Officer, NAAJA, Committee Hansard, Alice Springs, 26 October 2016, p. 12.

[32]      Ms Sally Sievers, Principal Community Visitor, Northern Territory Anti-Discrimination Commission, Committee Hansard, Darwin, 25 October 2016, p. 14.

[33]      Professor Neil Morgan, Inspector of Custodial Services, Committee Hansard, Perth, 19 September 2016, p. 10.

[34]      Mr James Christian (Group Manager) & Mr John Riley (Branch Manager), Department of Social Services, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 8 November 2016, pp 19–20. See also: Answer to Question on Notice No. 9, Department of Social Services.

[35]      NSW Council for Intellectual Disability, Submission 40, p. 2.

[36]      NSW Council of Intellectual Disability, Submission 40, pp 6–7.

[37]      Answer to Question on Notice No. 6, Department of Social Services.

[38]      Ms Taryn Harvey, CEO, Developmental Disability WA, Committee Hansard, Perth, 19 September 2016, p. 23.

[39]      Mr Jim Simpson, Senior Advocate, NSW Council on Intellectual Disability, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 8 November 2016, p. 2.

[40]      Answer to Question on Notice No. 2, Department of Social Services.

[41]      NAAJA, Submission 60, p. [7].

[42]      NAAJA, Submission 60, p. [7].

[43]      See: NSW Health, About Justice Health & Forensic Mental Health Network.

[44]      See: Victorian Government, Forensicare, http://www.forensicare.vic.gov.au/(accessed 25 November 2016); SA Health, Forensic mental health, www.sahealth.sa.gov.au, (accessed 25 November 2016).

[45]      Aboriginal Disability Justice Campaign, Submission 76, p. [3].

[46]      Mr Peter Collins, Director, ALSWA, Committee Hansard, Perth, 19 September 2016, p. 17.

[47]      Mr Peter Collins, Director, ALSWA, Committee Hansard, Perth, 19 September 2016, p. 17.

[48]      Mr David Woodroofe, Principal Legal Officer, NAAJA, Committee Hansard, Alice Springs, 26 October 2016, pp 12–13.

[49]      NAAJA, Submission 60, p. [10].

[50]      Mr Joseph Knuth, Acting Head of Programs, Danila Dilba Health Service, Committee Hansard, Darwin, 25 October 2016, p. 21.

[51]      Chief Justice Wayne Martin, Committee Hansard, Perth, 19 September 2016, p. 2. See also: Professor Neil Morgan, Inspector of Custodial Services, Office of the Inspector of Custodial Services, Committee Hansard, Perth, 19 September 2016, p. 12.

[52]      Professor Neil Morgan, Inspector of Custodial Services, Committee Hansard, Perth, 19 September 2016, p. 10.

[53]      Mr Peter Collins, Director, ALSWA, Committee Hansard, Perth, 19 September 2016, p. 19.

[54]      Mr Peter Collins, Director, ALSWA, Committee Hansard, Perth, 19 September 2016, p. 19.

[55]      Ms Taryn Harvey, Chief Executive, Developmental Disability WA, Committee Hansard, Perth, 19 September 2016, p. 25.

[56]      Change the Record Coalition, Submission 64, p. [2]. See also: Australian Cross Disability Alliance, Submission 61, p. 26.

[57]      WAAMH, Submission 27, p. 14.

[58]      NSW Council for Intellectual Disability, Submission 40, p. 9.

[59]      Department of Social Services, Submission 50, pp 9–10.

[60]      NSW Government, Submission 66, p. 16.

[61]      Australian Medical Association, Submission 12a, p. 12.

[62]      NSW Council for Intellectual Disability, Submission 40, p. 9. See also: Change the Record Coalition, Submission 64, pp [3–4].

[63]      Productivity Commission, Report on Government Services 2016: Volume C: Corrective Services, p. 1 of Table 8A.7, http://www.pc.gov.au/research/ongoing/report-on-government-services/2016/justice/rogs-2016-volumec-justice.pdf (accessed 10 May 2016). See also: Just Reinvest NSW, Submission 57, pp 5–6.

[64]      Productivity Commission, Report on Government Services 2016: Volume C: Corrective Services, p. 1 of Table 8A.7, http://www.pc.gov.au/research/ongoing/report-on-government-services/2016/justice/rogs-2016-volumec-justice.pdf (accessed 10 May 2016).

[65]      E. Baldry, R. McCausland, S. Johnson, A. Cohen, People with mental health disorders and cognitive impairment in the criminal justice system: Cost benefit analysis of early support and diversion, August 2013, pp 9–12, https://www.humanrights.gov.au/sites/default/files/document/publication/Cost%20benefit%20analysis.pdf (accessed 19 May 2016). See also: Just Reinvest NSW, Submission 57, pp 5–6.

[67]      Just Reinvest NSW, Submission 57, p. 8.

[68]      ABS Census QuickStats, http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2011/quickstat/SSC10306?opendocument&navpos=220 (accessed 1 June 2016). See also: KPMG, Unlocking the future: Maranguka Justice Reinvestment Project in Bourke—Preliminary Assessment, September 2016, p. ix.

[69]      Alison Vivian and Eloise Schnierer, Factors affecting crime rates in Indigenous communities in NSW: a pilot study in Bourke and Lightning Ridge, Community Report, November 2010, p. 6, https://www.uts.edu.au/sites/default/files/FinalCommunityReportBLNov10.pdf (accessed 1 June 2016). Non-violent crime includes vehicle and property crime, and breach of bail not occasioning bodily harm. In 2008, 56 per cent of crimes in the Bourke community were non-violent crimes.

[70]      Just Reinvest NSW, Justice Reinvestment in Bourke.

[71]      Just Reinvest NSW, Justice Reinvestment in Bourke.

[72]      KPMG, Unlocking the future: Maranguka Justice Reinvestment Project in Bourke—Preliminary Assessment, September 2016, p. ix.

[73]      KPMG, Unlocking the future: Maranguka Justice Reinvestment Project in Bourke—Preliminary Assessment, September 2016, p. xiii.

[74]      Australian Medical Association, Submission 12b, p. 21.

[75]      Just Reinvest NSW, Submission 57, pp 5–6.

[76]      Australian Medical Association, Submission 12a, p. 12.

[77]      Mr Patrick McGee, Convenor, Aboriginal Disability Justice Agency, Committee Hansard, Brisbane, 23 March 2016, p. 36.

Chapter 6 - Involuntary treatment orders—statistics, legislation and reviews

[1]        For a longer discussion on first responder mental health referrals, see: Dr Joanne Bradbury, Submission 63.

[2]        NSW Police Force, NSWPF Mental Health Intervention Team, http://www.police.nsw.gov.au/community_issues/mental_health (accessed 10 November 2016).

[3]        Dr Joanne Bradbury, Matt Ireland, Helen Stasa, 'Mental Health emergency transport: the pot-holed road to care, The Medical Journal of Australia, 2014, volume 200, number 6, p. 348, https://www.mja.com.au/system/files/issues/200_06_070414/bra10093_fm.pdf (accessed 7 December 2015). Similar provisions exist in other states, although mostly only for police officers.

[4]        NSW Legal Aid, The Practice and Procedure Manual for Mental Health Advocacy (Civil and Forensic Work)—2.12 Procedures after admission of involuntary patients, October 2008, http://www.legalaid.nsw.gov.au/for-lawyers/policyonline/practice,-procedures-and-directions/2.-the-practice-and-procedure-manual-for-mental-health-advocacy-civil-and-forensic-work/2.12.-procedures-after-admission-of-involuntary-patients (accessed 7 December 2015).

[5]        Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW), State and territory community mental health care services: Key concepts, https://mhsa.aihw.gov.au/services/community-care/data-source/#4_cmhc (accessed 1 November 2016).

[6]        AIHW, Mental Health Services in Australia: Key concepts, https://mhsa.aihw.gov.au/key-concepts/#4_cmhc (accessed 8 December 2015).

[7]        AIHW, Admitted patient mental health-related care, https://mhsa.aihw.gov.au/services/ admitted-patient/, (accessed 2 November 2016).

[8]        AIHW, Specialised care characteristics,  https://mhsa.aihw.gov.au/services/admitted-patient/specialised-patient-characteristics/ (accessed 2 November 2016).

[9]        A useful discussion of involuntary mental health care can be found at: http://www.aihw.gov.au/publication-detail/?id=60129549463 pp 20–22.

[10]      This includes those discharged into community mental health supports or moved to voluntary status.

[11]      UKn is unknown.

[12]      A treatment order can include detention. These statistics are not broken down into inpatient or outpatient, but it should be noted that Tasmania is more likely to use community based or outpatient care. These statistics also include 552 interim treatment orders which last for up to 10 days.

[13]      Royal Australian New Zealand College of Psychiatrists, Submission 17, pp 6–7.

[14]      NSW Mental Health Review Tribunal, http://www.mhrt.nsw.gov.au/forensic-patients/forensic-procedures.html and http://www.mhrt.nsw.gov.au/the-tribunal/

[15]      NSW Mental Health Review Tribunal, 2014/15 Annual Report, p. 46, http://www.mhrt.nsw.gov.au/assets/files/mhrt/pdf/MHRT%20Annual%20Report%202015.pdf (accessed 11 December 2015).

[16]      Although this is not expressly stated, of the 17 060 involuntary admissions, only 1339 were held as involuntary inpatients for longer than three months (hence subject to a review by the MHRT).

[17]      Queensland Director of Mental Health, Annual Report 2014–2015, pp 19 & 23, http://www.parliament.qld.gov.au/documents/tableOffice/TabledPapers/2015/5515T1884.pdf (accessed 4 January 2016).

[18]      Queensland Mental Health Tribunal, Annual Report 2014–15, pp 11, 19–20.

[19]      Queensland Director of Mental Health, Annual Report 2014–2015, p. 7.

[20]      Queensland Director of Mental Health, Annual Report 2014–2015, pp 14–15.

[21]      Tasmanian Mental Health Tribunal, Annual Report 2014–15, pp 7–9 and 15, http://www.mentalhealthtribunal.tas.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/329462/Annual_Report_Mental_Health_Tribunal_2014-15.pdf (accessed 18 December 2015).

[22]      There were 2588 community orders.

[23]      Victorian Mental Health Tribunal, 2014/15 Annual Report, p. 17, http://www.mht.vic.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/MHT-2014-2015-Annual-Report.pdf (accessed 18 December 2015). A maximum duration of a community order is 12 months.

[24]      South Australian Chief Psychiatrist, Annual Report 2014-15, p. 21, http://www.google.com.au/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=3&ved=0ahUKEwiCn8iXqI_KAhVjIKYKHZZNC58QFggnMAI&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.sa.gov.au%2FHouseofAssembly%2FBusinessoftheAssembly%2FRecordsandPapers%2FTabledPapersandPetitions%2FPages%2FTabledPapersandPetitions.aspx%3FTPLoadDoc%3Dtrue%26TPDocType%3D0%26TPP%3D53%26TPS%3D2%26TPItemID%3D464%26TPDocName%3DChief%252BPsychiatrist%252BAnnual%252BReport%252B2014-15.pdf&usg=AFQjCNEwQUAL1gKM1LrjtYmEZKd88oScUQ  (accessed 4 January 2016). An involuntary order allows a 'person to receive compulsory, inpatient treatment for a mental illness'; whereas a community order 'allows a person with a mental illness to receive compulsory, community-based treatment for a mental illness'.

[25]      SACAT, Mental health, http://www.sacat.sa.gov.au/types-of-cases/mental-health (accessed
16 January 2016).

[26]      Western Australia Mental Health Review Board, Annual Report 2012, p. 9, http://www.mhrbwa.org.au/publications/pdfs/Annual_Report_2012.pdf (accessed 4 January 2016).

[27]      ACT Chief Psychiatrist, Annual Report 2014–15, http://www.health.act.gov.au/research-publications/reports/annual-reports/2014-2015-annual-report/attachment-1/chief-psychiatrist (accessed 4 January 2016).

[28]      See: http://www.health.act.gov.au/dhulwa-mental-health-unit  (accessed 2 November 2016).

[29]      Northern Territory Mental Health Review Tribunal, Annual Report 2012–13, pp 10–14, http://www.nt.gov.au/justice/general/documents/Annual_report_2012-13/mhrt_and_lpmt/Annual%20Report2012_13.pdf (accessed 4 January 2016).

[30]      Australian Law Reform Commission, Equality, Capacity and Disability in Commonwealth Laws (Report 124), 24 November 2014, p. 63, https://www.alrc.gov.au/sites/default/files/pdfs/publications/alrc_124_whole_pdf_file.pdf (accessed 8 January 2016).

[31]      Equality, Capacity and Disability in Commonwealth Laws (Report 124), p. 21.

[32]      Equality, Capacity and Disability in Commonwealth Laws (Report 124), pp 286–288.

Western Australian legislation also provides for a 'nominated person', someone chosen by the person with mental illness to assist them in ensuring their rights under the Act are observed and their interests and wishes are taken into account by medical practitioners and mental health workers. A nominated person is entitled to ‘uncensored’ communication with the person with mental illness, and to receive information related to that person’s treatment and care.

[33]      The Hon Jai Rowell MP, Minister for Mental Health & Assistant Minister for Health, 'NSW Government delivers key improvements to mental health care', Media Release, 19 November 2014, http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/news/Documents/20141119_00.pdf (accessed 11 January 2016). See also: NSW Ministry of Health, Review of the NSW Mental Health Act 2007—Report for NSW Parliament, May 2013, pp i–iv, http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/mhdao/Documents/Review-of-the-Mental-Health-Act-2007.pdf (accessed 11 January 2016).

[34]      Mental Health Act 2007 (NSW), s. 3(a).

[35]      The Mental Health Bill 2015, a product of the review, is still being considered by the Queensland parliament.

[36]      Queensland Health, 'Review of the Mental Health Act 2000: Discussion Paper, May 2014, pp 10, 11, 23, 28 & 34, http://www.qmhc.qld.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Mental-Heath-Act-Discussion-Paper.pdf (accessed 15 January 2016).

[37]      Explanatory Note (EN), Queensland Mental Health Bill 2015, p. 1, http://www.legislation.qld.gov.au/Bills/55PDF/2015/MentalHealthB15E.pdf (accessed 7 March 2016).

[38]      Explanatory Memorandum, Medical Treatment Planning and Decisions Bill 2016 (Bill),
pp. 1–3.

[39]      Department of Health and Human Services (Victoria), Medical Treatment Planning and Decisions Bill 2016 - frequently asked questions, https://www2.health.vic.gov.au/hospitals-and-health-services/patient-care/end-of-life-care/advance-care-planning/medical-treatment-planning-and-decisions-bill/frequently-asked-questions (accessed 3 November 2016).

[40]      A Level 1 community order requires an individual to receive involuntary treatment for a mental health issue whilst living in the community. It has effect for 28 days.

[41]      South Australian Health, Office of the Chief Psychiatrist, 'The Review of the Mental Health Act 2009', May 2014, pp 44–46, 48–51, http://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/f2df5880450e379a8164d1005ba75f87/Mental+Health+Act+Review+Report+MHSA+20140805.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CACHEID=f2df5880450e379a8164d1005ba75f87 (accessed 15 January 2016).

[42]      This can result in a longer initial involuntary holding but mitigates the risk of the 'ACAT having to make a longer term order than it might have, had the treating team had more time in which to observe the person's responses to treatment and had the person had more time in which to recover'.

[43]      Revised Explanatory Statement, Mental Health (Treatment and Care) Amendment Bill 2014 (ACT), pp 5–33, http://www.legislation.act.gov.au/es/db_49560/20141030-59397/pdf/db_49560.pdf (accessed 15 January 2016).

Chapter 7 - Involuntary mental health orders

[1]        Dr Joanne Bradbury, Matt Ireland, Helen Stasa, 'Mental Health emergency transport: the pot-holed road to care', The Medical Journal of Australia, Volume 200, no. 6, p. 348.

[2]        Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP), Submission 17, p. 5.

[3]        RANZCP, Submission 17, p. 6.

[4]        Community Affairs Committee, Violence, abuse and neglect against people with disability in institutional and residential settings, including the gender and age related dimensions, and the particular situation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with disability, and culturally and linguistically diverse people with disability, November 2015, p. xxvi.

[5]        Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP), Submission 17, p. 6.

[6]        Dr Joanne Bradbury, Submission 63, pp 4–6.

[7]        Dr Bradbury, Committee Hansard, 23 March 2016, p. 31.

[8]        Name withheld, Submission 41, p. 6.

[9]        Dr Bradbury, Submission 63, p. 11.

[10]      Dr Bradbury, Committee Hansard, 23 March 2016, p. 31.

[11]      Among other submissions, see: Queensland Advocacy Inc. Submission 7; Australian Medical Association, Submission 12b; Australian College of Mental Health Nurses, Submission 14;  NSW Council on Intellectual Disability, Submission 40; Office of the Public Guardian, Queensland, Submission 56; Office of the Public Advocate Victoria, Submission 58; Australian Cross Disability Alliance, Submission 61; Forensicare, Submission 65; Law Council of Australian, Submission 72; Aboriginal Disability Justice Campaign, Submission 76.

[12]      Australian Cross Disability Alliance, Submission 61, pp 12–13.

[13]      RANZCP, Submission 17, pp 6–7.

[14]      Office of the Public Guardian (QLD), Submission 56, p. 5.

[15]      Office of the Public Advocate (QLD), Submission 36, p. 11.

[16]      Australian Cross Disability Alliance, Submission 61, p. 18.

[17]      RANZCP, Submission 17, p. 7.

[18]      Dr Bradbury, Committee Hansard, 23 March 2016, p. 31.

[19]      Dr Bradbury, Submission 63, p. 10.

[20]      Dr Bradbury, Submission 63, p. 12.

[21]      NSW Police Force, NSWPF Mental Health Intervention Team, http://www.police.nsw.gov.au/community_issues/mental_health (accessed 16 November 2016).

[22]      Dr Bradbury, Submission 63, p. 12.

[23]      Dr Joanne Bradbury, Submission 63, p. 13.

[24]      Dr Bradbury et al, 'Mental Health emergency transport: the pot-holed road to care', pp 350–351. See also: V. Topp, M. Thomas, 'Advance Directives for Mental Health', The Australian Journal on Psychosocial Rehabilitation, Autumn 2008, pp 51–55, http://www.communitylaw.org.au/mhlc/cb_pages/files/advance%20directivesnew%20paradigm-1(2).pdf (accessed 7 March 2016).

[25]      For further discussion of advance care directives, see: Submission 36, Submission 58 and Submission 63.

[26]      South Australian Government, Advance Care Directives, http://www.advancecaredirectives.sa.gov.au/about (accessed 29 February 2016). These can also be known as Ulysses pacts/contracts/agreements, in that they are designed and intended to bind oneself in the future.

[27]      Vivienne Topp, Martin Thomas, 'Advance Directives for Mental Health', The Australian Journal on Psychosocial Rehabilitation, Autumn 2008, p. 51.

[28]      Office of the Public Advocate (QLD), Submission 36, p. 16.

[29]      Office of the Public Advocate (VIC), Submission 58, p. 18.

[30]      Mental Health Legal Centre, Advance Directives—Maximising consumers autonomy dignity and control, http://www.communitylaw.org.au/mentalhealth/cb_pages/living_wills.php (accessed 7 March 2016).

[31]      See Community Affairs Committee, Violence, abuse and neglect against people with disability in institutional and residential settings, including the gender and age related dimensions, and the particular situation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with disability, and culturally and linguistically diverse people with disability, recommendations 10–12,
November 2015, p. xviii.

[32]      Australian Cross Disability Alliance, Submission 61, p. 24.

[33]      Prof. Rosalind Croucher, President, Australian Law Reform Commission, Committee Hansard, Melbourne, 29 April 2016, p. 35.

[34]      Office of the Public Advocate (QLD), Submission 36, p. 19.

[35]      Victoria Legal Aid, Submission 71, p. 9.

[36]      Australian Cross Disability Alliance, Submission 61, p. 12.

[37]      Ms Karly Warner, Executive Officer, National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Legal Services, Committee Hansard, 29 April 2016, p. 23.

[38]      RANZCP, Submission 17, p. 7.

[39]      Mr Chris Povey, Victoria Legal Aid, Committee Hansard, Melbourne, 29 April 2016, p.4.

[40]      NSW Government, Submission 66, p. 2.

[41]      Office of the Public Advocate (VIC), Submission 58, p. 18.

[42]      Office of the Public Guardian (QLD), Submission 56, p. 4.

[43]      Dr Emma Phillips, Systems Advocate, Queensland Advocacy Inc., Committee Hansard, Brisbane, 23 March 2016, p. 9.

[44]      Being, Submission 49, p. 9.

[45]      Being, Submission 49, p. 10.

[46]      RANZCP, Submission 17, p. 4.

[47]      Office of the Public Guardian (QLD), Submission 56, p. 4.

[48]      Mr Povey, Victoria Legal Aid, Committee Hansard, Melbourne, 29 April 2016, p. 4.

[49]      Office of the Public Advocate (Victoria), Submission 58, p. 18.

[50]      Office of the Public Advocate (Victoria), Submission 58, p. 18.

[51]      Dr John Chesterman, Director of Strategy, Office of the Public Advocate (Victoria), Committee Hansard, 29 April 2016, p. 15.

[52]      Victoria Legal Aid, Submission 71, p. 9.

[53]      Office of the Public Advocate (QLD), Submission 36, p. 21.

[54]      Office of the Public Advocate (Victoria), Submission 58, p. 19.

[55]      Office of the Public Advocate (Victoria), Submission 58, p. 24.

[56]      Office of the Public Advocate (Victoria), Submission 58, p. 18.

[57]      Australian Cross Disability Alliance, Submission 61, pp 12–13.

[58]      Office of the Public Guardian (QLD), Submission 56, p. 8.

[59]      RANZCP, Submission 17, p. 9.

[60]      RANZCP, Submission 17, p. 13.

[61]      Office of the Public Guardian (QLD), Submission 56, p. 8.

Chapter 8 - Disability, guardianship and aged-care detention

[1]        For a lengthy discussion of the wide range of detention types and locations in the disability, guardianship and aged-care context, see Victoria Legal Aid, Submission 71. See also Office of the Public Guardian (Queensland), Submission 56, p. 4.

[2]        Office of the Public Advocate (Victoria), Submission 58, p. 31.

[3]        Royal Australian New Zealand College of Psychiatrists, Submission 17, p. 7.

[4]        Office of the Public Advocate (Queensland), Submission 36, p. 9.

[5]        Mr Chris Povey, Program Manager, Mental Health and Disability Law Sub-program, Victoria Legal Aid, Committee Hansard, 29 April 2016, p. 4.

[6]        Victoria Legal Aid, Submission 71, pp 2–3.

[7]        Victoria Legal Aid, Submission 71, p. 3.

[8]        Office of the Public Advocate (Victoria), Submission 58, p. 14.

[9]        Mr Stan Pappos, Senior Manager, Forensic Housing Services, Australian Community Services Organisation, Committee Hansard, 29 April 2016, p. 43.

[10]      Office of the Public Advocate (Victoria), Submission 58, p. 14.

[11]      Office of the Public Advocate (Victoria), Submission 58, p. 15.

[12]      Office of the Public Advocate (Victoria), Submission 58, p. 15. This issue was also raised by Ms Karly Warner, Executive Officer, National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Legal Services, Committee Hansard, Melbourne, 29 April 2016, pp 22–23 and Professor. Rosalind Croucher, President, Australian Law Reform Commission, Committee Hansard, Melbourne, 29 April 2016, pp 35–36.

[13]      Mr Povey, Victoria Legal Aid, Committee Hansard, 29 April 2016, p. 17.

[14]      See: Intellectual Disability Rights Service, Guardianship and administration laws across Australia, http://www.idrs.org.au/pdf/Guardianship_and_administration_laws_across_ Australia_by_Ben_Fogarty.pdf  (accessed 22 November 2016)

[15]      Intellectual Disability Rights Service, Guardianship and administration laws across Australia, p. 17.

[16]      Office of the Public Advocate (Queensland), Submission 36, p. 10.

[17]      Office of the Public Guardian (Queensland), Submission 56, p. 4.

[18]      Victoria Legal Aid, Submission 71, p. 5.

[19]      NSW Government, Submission 66, p. 19.

[20]      Community Affairs Committee, Violence, abuse and neglect against people with disability in institutional and residential settings, including the gender and age related dimensions, and the particular situation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with disability, and culturally and linguistically diverse people with disability, (Abuse inquiry) November 2015, pp 79–84.

[21]      Community Affairs Committee, Abuse inquiry, November 2015, p. 87.

[22]      Community Affairs Committee, Abuse inquiry, November 2015, p. 72.

[23]      Dr Joanne Bradbury, Submission 63, p. 6.

[24]      Dr Bradbury, Submission 63, p. 6.

[25]      Australian Cross Disability Alliance, Submission 61, p. 21.

[26]      Australian Cross Disability Alliance, Submission 61, p. 21

[27]      United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Declarations and Reservations: Australia, https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV15&chapter=4&lang=en#EndDec  (accessed 22 November 2016).

[28]      Australian Medical Association, Submission 12, p. 3.

[29]      Law Reform Commission, Equality, Capacity and Disability in Commonwealth Laws, p. 24, https://www.alrc.gov.au/publications/equality-capacity-disability-report-124  (accessed 22 November  2016)

[30]      Australian Cross Disability Alliance, Submission 147 to the 'Abuse inquiry', pp 13–15, https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Community_Affairs/Violence_abuse_neglect/Submissions, (accessed 22 November 2016).

[31]      Australian Cross Disability Alliance, Submission 61, p. 8.

[32]      Queensland Advocacy Inc., Submission 7, p. 39.

[33]      Community Affairs Committee, Abuse inquiry, November 2015, p. 77. A summary of  all relevant legislation and policies relating to the use of restrictive practice can be found at p. 94 of that report.

[34]      National Mental Health Commission, A case for change: Position Paper on seclusion, restraint and restrictive practices in mental health services, May 2015.

[35]      Australian Cross Disability Alliance, Submission 61, pp 15–16.

[36]      ALRC, Submission 4, p. 3.

[37]      Office of the Public Advocate (Victoria), Submission 58, p. 31.

[38]      Office of the Public Guardian (Queensland), Submission 56, p. 4.

[39]      Community Affairs Committee, Abuse inquiry, November 2015, p. 77.

[40]      Australian Cross Disability Alliance in Community Affairs Committee, Abuse inquiry, November 2015, p. 77.

[41]      Dr Emma Phillips, Systems Advocate, Queensland Advocacy Inc. Committee Hansard, Brisbane, 23 March 2016, p. 11.

[42]      Dr Chad Bennett, Chair, Section for the Psychiatry of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists, Committee Hansard, Melbourne, 29 April 2016, p. 43.

[43]      Mr Stan Pappos, Senior Manager, Forensic Housing Services, Australian Community Services Organisation, Committee Hansard, 29 April 2016, p. 43.

[44]      Dr Chad Bennett, Chair, Section for the Psychiatry of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists, Committee Hansard, Melbourne, 29 April 2016, p. 43.

[45]      Australian Law Reform Commission, Submission 4, p. 3.

[46]      Office of the Public Advocate (Queensland), Submission 36, p. 16.

[47]      Office of the Public Advocate (Victoria), Submission 58, p. 32.

[48]      Victoria Legal Aid, Submission 71, p. 3.

[49]      Victoria Legal Aid, Submission 71, p. 4.

[50]      Community Affairs Committee, Abuse inquiry report, p. 99.

[51]      Alzheimer's Australia defines dementia as ' a complex chronic condition caused by one or more of a large number of illnesses affecting the brain. It is a terminal and devastating condition that affects people’s abilities and memories.' See Alzheimer's Australia, Submission 42, p. 4.

[52]      Professor Richard Fleming, Kate Swaffer, Dr. Lyn Phillipson and Dr. Linda Steele, University of Wollongong, Submission 19, p. 2

[53]      Professor Fleming et al, Submission 19, p. 2

[54]      Alzheimer's Australia, Submission 42, pp 3 & 7.

[55]      Global Action on Personhood, Submission 26, pp 1–2.

[56]      Office of the Public Advocate (Victoria), Submission 58, p. 31.

[58]      Alzheimer's Australia, Submission 42, p. 8.

[59]      Professor Fleming et al, Submission 19, p. 4

[60]      Alzheimer's Australia, Submission 42, pp 11–12.

Chapter 9 - Recommendations

[1]        Community Affairs Committee, Violence, abuse and neglect against people with disability in institutional and residential settings, (Abuse inquiry) November 2015, pp 267–283.

[2]        Australian Law Reform Commission, 'Equality, Capacity and Disability in Commonwealth Laws', August 2014, pp 11–21.

[3]        Australian Human Rights Commission, 'Equal Before the Law: Towards Disability Justice Strategies', February 2014.

[4]        The full list of relevant recommendations from those inquiries and reports can be found in Appendix 3.

[5]        United Nations, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, opened for signature 30 March 2007, 2515 UNTS 3 (entered into force 3 May 2008), http://www.un.org/disabilities/convention/conventionfull.shtml (accessed 25 November 2016).  

[6]        United Nations Office of the High Commissioner, Australia urged to amend laws that lead to people with mental disabilities being detained indefinitely, 23 September 2016, http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=20566&LangID=E (accessed 13 October 2016).

[7]        Council of Australian Governments, National Disability Agreement, 1 January 2009, http://www.federalfinancialrelations.gov.au/content/npa/national_agreements/national-disability-agreement.pdf (accessed 25 November 2016.)

[8]        Dr Piers Gooding, Disability Research Initiative, Melbourne Law School, University of Melbourne, Committee Hansard, 25 October 2016, p. 2.

[9]        Abuse inquiry, Recommendation 6.

[10]      Abuse inquiry, Recommendation 7.

[11]      Abuse inquiry, Recommendation 8.

[12]      Abuse inquiry, Recommendation 9.

[13]      Abuse inquiry, Recommendation 10.

[14]      Abuse inquiry, Recommendation 11.

[15]      See Abuse inquiry recommendation 6.

APPENDIX 3 - Summary of key recommendations from previous reports

[1]        Community Affairs Committee, Violence, abuse and neglect against people with disability in institutional and residential settings, including the gender and age related dimensions, and the particular situation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with disability, and culturally and linguistically diverse people with disability, (Abuse inquiry) November 2015, pp 267-283.

[2]        Australian Law Reform Commission, Equality, Capacity and Disability in Commonwealth Laws, Final Report, ALRC Report 124, August 2014, pp 11–21, https://www.alrc.gov.au/publications/equality-capacity-disability-report-124 (accessed 20 November 2015).

[3]        Australian Human Rights Commission, Equal Before the Law: Towards Disability Justice Strategies, February 2014, pp 31–38, https://www.humanrights.gov.au/our-work/disability-rights/publications/equal-law (accessed 20 November 2015).

[4]        Productivity Commission, 'Chapter 5: Understanding and navigating the system,' Access to Justice Arrangements, Productivity Commission Inquiry Report no. 72, volume 1, 5 September 2014, pp 149–185, http://www.pc.gov.au/inquiries/completed/access-justice/report (accessed 21 October 2015).

APPENDIX 4 - Summary of committee site visits related to the inquiry

[1] The step-down cottages provide an intermediate form of accommodated support between a secure location such as a prison, and living in the community with no restrictions and limited supports.