Preliminary Pages
Foreword
Pay equity or the lack of it was one of the issues that
sparked my interest in politics and social justice. As a young woman I was
outraged that someone could or would be paid less for their work because of
their gender.
It angers me that over 30 years later, despite some
progress, this is still the case.
Commissioner Dominica Whelan who chaired
the Victorian Government’s Pay Equity Working Party in 2004-2005, wrote a paper
in 2005 about the future of pay equity in Victoria. Her opening paragraphs ring
true today;
“WHERE WE
ARE
‘In 1972 the
Australian Conciliation and Arbitration Commission granted men and women the
same minimum wage. In theory, then, women in Australia have finally achieved
the right to equal pay. In practice, the principle of ‘equal pay for equal
work’ is still ‘abstract justice’ rather then ‘practical politics’. Many
factors, such as the segregation of women into female-only occupations, the
application of the principle to the minimum wage and not to over award
payments, and discrimination in education and job training, have contributed to
the fact that for many women equal pay is just not a reality.
That is the
opening paragraph of a paper which I gave to an Australian Political Economy
Conference in 1978. In the last 28 years we have defined the causes of wage
inequity more precisely. We have measured the gender pay gap against a whole
range of variables. We have accounted for the different factors that
contribute to the reality that women are still being paid less than men. We
have satisfied ourselves that accounting for all those factors discrimination
still lies at the root of wage inequality. But in some ways, after the initial
gains (the wage gap narrowed by about 17 per cent between 1969 and 1976) we
have made little progress in making equal pay a reality for many women.”
Sadly, the average industry gender pay gap still stands
around 17% today with some industries like finance and insurance at 31.9% and
in Western Australia at 35.7% even under boom conditions.
Many of the submissions to the Inquiry highlighted the
concern that many Australians are unaware of the existence of a “pay gap”
between men and women’s earnings. The Diversity Council of Australia with the
Equal Opportunity for Women in the Workplace Agency (“EOWA”) undertook polling
research to assess community awareness of pay equity and presented the findings
to the Inquiry.
That research found that most Australians do not know what
pay equity means but while they were aware that a pay gap between men and
women’s earnings exists, did not know what the size of the gap is. Most believe
steps should be taken to close the gap between men and women’s earnings when
they were made aware.
Based on the submissions we received, I believe there is
strong community support for taking action to address gender pay inequity.
Australian women have much to celebrate. They have achieved
high public office. Women are Chief Executive Officers, business leaders,
community leaders; they are Nobel Laureates, academics; they are
Parliamentarians, Local Councillors, sporting legends as well as mothers,
sisters and partners.
Australian women have more choices about their lives, their
studies, their careers, their families and how they chose to live them than
ever before.
However, whilst women hold the offices of Deputy Prime
Minister, Governor General and the current Premier of Queensland we have a very
long way to go before our parliaments are truly representative of our
community. Since Federation, of the 1,059 people elected to the House of
Representatives only 77 have been women. Forty of the current 150 members of
the House are women—only 26.7 per cent.
In the business sector women represent less than 2 per cent
of our CEOs and Chair only 2 per cent of our top 200 ASX companies. Indeed in
the 2008 Australian Census of Women’s Leadership conducted by the Equal
Opportunity for Women in the Workplace Agency, women went backwards on most of
the key indicators compared to the 2006 census survey.
The Australian workforce is highly gender segmented, women
predominate in 4 or 5 industries and occupations. Women are more likely to be
employed in low paying jobs with little or no career pathways. They are more
likely to be employed as casuals and part time workers. They are more likely to
have interrupted work patterns and breaks in their paid employment.
Women have not fared as well as men in enterprise bargaining
or individual contracts. They appear to be employed in workplaces or situations
where they have little bargaining power.
Women are more likely to be dependent on pensions as they
age because of the great disparity in the accumulation of superannuation and
retirement monies compared to men. Women miss out on the opportunity to
accumulate superannuation because of interruptions to paid employment for
family reasons (to have and care for children) compounded by lower pay.
It was remarkable from the evidence before the Committee how
prevalent pay inequity is. It was evident in all industries and it was
experienced by working women at all skill levels. Indeed there was evidence of
professional women being paid less than their male counterparts for doing the
same work in the same firm.
It is also clear from the evidence presented to the Inquiry
that the gender pay gap in Australia has grown, especially since 1992. We have
gone backwards.
This is not good enough and the time to act is now.
Some will say that we should wait – for what I am not sure,
divine intervention? It is 40 years since equal pay was granted by the
Australian Conciliation and Arbitration Commission. Haven’t Australian women
been waiting long enough?
Some will say that it will be costly to government and
business to make pay fair, that we can’t afford it – I’m not sure how this
position can be justified. How can Australian women continue to afford it? It
is not alright to let this injustice continue and to become further
entrenched. Given the link between productivity and pay equity – how can
Australia not afford it?
Some will want to focus on education campaigns promoting
community and business awareness of pay inequity without imposing change or
offering a mechanism to achieve pay equity. We have had over a decade of
precisely that policy approach and the evidence is unequivocal, the pay gap has
widened.
From the outset of the Committee’s Inquiry we agreed that we
needed to go beyond past reports because we wanted substance to our
recommendations, to recommend legislative reform if that was required, to use
best practise examples that worked and to build on successful initiatives in
states, territories and individual workplaces and internationally.
We have heard from many witnesses and received many
submissions.
Australia should take a pro-active approach to address the
gender pay gap. We need to plan for pay equity and deal with the barriers to
women’s participation in the workforce. Increasing women’s participation in
the workforce will lead to increases in productivity for the nation.
The Australian Government’s decision to deliver Paid
Parental Leave in this year’s budget was a welcome reform and will benefit working
women and their families. It is one example of a policy reform that will help
break down the barriers to greater workforce participation by women.
There was a great deal of evidence presented that went to
the situation of women employed in the aged care sector. Whilst the
recommendations of this report do not specifically address this industry it is
clear that action needs to be taken to improve wages and conditions. The
scheme suggested will establish a system that will facilitate fairer outcomes
for those whose work is undervalued. I am aware of the dependence on the
Australian government for the funding of this sector. I urge the responsible
Ministers (including the Minister for Finance) to look at how we can
responsibly increase the funding for wages in this sector.
At the heart of the gender pay gap is the failure to truly
value traditional women’s work – paid or unpaid.
We do not count women’s unpaid work – domestic
responsibilities, child rearing or caring in our gross domestic product or
major economic indicators. Whether it’s cleaning, catering or caring it is
essential work. t is critical to the well being of our community.
As humans we value caring and nurturing, we implicitly
understand how it affects our well being.
To continue to undervalue women’s work is simply not just. It
is difficult to think of any other policy equivalent that clearly disadvantages
a particular class of Australians that we do not rush to correct.
This report sets out a scheme to act to close the gender pay
gap.
It includes proposed amendments to the Fair Work Act 2009,
greater powers for the Sex Discrimination Commissioner to act on wage discrimination
and the establishment of a specialist Pay Equity Unit within Fair Work
Australia with a broad mandate for change.
We have called for change in other policy areas such as the
removal of the $450 per month earnings requirement in compulsory superannuation
and the implementation of comprehensive portability of employment entitlements
legislation.
We have also recommended that the Australian Government lead
by example acting on pay inequity within the Australian Public Service as well
as applying pay equity principles in all its administrative approaches.
Finally we acknowledge there are significant gaps in the
data available for collection and research into pay equity and other issues
affecting women’s participation in the workforce. In particular we have
recommended the introduction of an Australian Industrial Relations Survey. This
improved data is necessary for more effective and strategic policy decision
making.
We have avoided creating new obligations for small and
medium enterprises as we recognise the burden that red tape has on this sector.
The majority of these recommendations are unanimous. Some
are opposed by Opposition Members of the Committee.
For example Opposition members of the Committee have not
supported the recommendations for amendments to the Fair Work Act 2009
contained in Chapter 5. It is true that the Fair Work Act does widen the scope
for applications to be taken at the federal level for equal pay for work of
comparable value. However, the experience of similar provisions in some state
Industrial Relations legislation still demonstrate relatively few cases have
been dealt with. All cases have been adversarial, lengthy and often costly. A
better system is needed and the suggested changes in this Report will address
this.
The Minister has also recently announced that the Australian
Government will be a participant in an important pay equity test case for
employees in the social and community services sector. I applaud this decision.
However I am convinced that an alternative mechanism that
allows for a non adversarial consideration of the undervaluing of women’s work
and a comprehensive scheme to correct undervaluation across industries is more
efficient and preferable.
I want to thank the Members of the Committee and especially
the Committee Secretariat for their hard work and participation in the
Inquiry. It has been a long but worthwhile journey for all of us.
For me, the spark still burns and it burns brighter. I urge
the Government to implement the recommendations of the Report and right the
wrong of pay inequity.
Ms Sharryn Jackson MP
Chair
Membership of the Committee
Chair
|
Ms Sharryn Jackson MP
|
|
Deputy
Chair
|
Mr Barry Haase MP
|
|
Members
|
Ms Sharon Bird MP
|
Mr Richard Marles MP (until 15/06/09)
|
|
Ms Jill Hall (until 18/06/09)
Mr Luke Hartsuyker MP (until 10/11/08)
Mr Chris Hayes MP
|
Mr Shayne Neumann MP (from 17/6/09)
Mr Graham Perrett MP(from 24/6/09)
Mr Rowan Ramsey MP (from 10/11/08)
|
|
Mr Michael Keenan MP (from 10/11/08)
Mr Andrew Laming MP (until 10/11/08)
|
Dr Andrew Southcott MP
Mr Mike Symon MP
|
Committee Secretariat
Secretary
|
Dr Glenn Worthington
Ms Joanne Towner
|
Inquiry
Secretary
|
Ms Cheryl Scarlett
Ms Jane Hearn
|
Senior
Research Officer
|
Mr Raymond Knight
|
Office
Manager
Administrative
Officers
|
Mr Daniel Miletic
Ms Ozge Kosemehmetoglu
Ms Emma Martin
Ms Kane Moir
|
Terms of reference
That the Committee inquire into and report on the causes of
any potential disadvantages in relation to women's participation in the
workforce including, but not limited to:
n The adequacy of
current data to reliably monitor employment changes that may impact on pay
equity issues;
n The need for
education and information among employers, employees and trade unions in
relation to pay equity issues;
n Current structural arrangements
in the negotiation of wages that may impact disproportionately on women;
n The adequacy of
recent and current equal remuneration provisions in state and federal workplace
relations legislation;
n The adequacy of
current arrangements to ensure fair access to training and promotion for women
who have taken maternity leave and/or returned to work part time and/or sought
flexible work hours; and
n The need for further
legislative reform to address pay equity in Australia.
List of abbreviations
ABS
|
Australian Bureau of Statistics
|
ACTCOSS
|
Australian Capital Territory
Council of Social Service
|
ACOSS
|
Australian Council of Social
Service
|
ACTU
|
Australian Council of Trade
Unions
|
AEU
|
Australian Education Union
|
AFPC
|
Australian Fair Pay Commission
|
AHRC
|
Australian Human Rights
Commission (formerly Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission)
|
AIM
|
Australian Institute of
Management
|
AIRC
|
Australian Industrial Relations
Commission
|
APS
|
Australian Public Service
|
APSC
|
Australian Public Service
Commission
|
APSED
|
Australian Public Service
Employment Database
|
ASU
|
Australian Services Union
|
ATO
|
Australian Taxation Office
|
AUSIT
|
Australian Institute of
Interpreters and Translators
|
AWA
|
Australian Workplace Agreement
|
AWIRS
|
Australian Workplace Industrial
Relations Survey
|
AWE
|
Average Weekly Earnings
|
CALD
|
Culturally and Linguistically
Diverse
|
CCI
|
Chamber of Commerce and Industry
|
CEDAW
|
Committee on the Elimination of
Discrimination Against Women
|
COAG
|
Council of Australian Governments
|
CPSU
|
Community and Public Sector Union
|
CPSUFG
|
Community and Public Sector Union
State Public Services Federation Group
|
DCA
|
Diversity Council of Australia
|
DEEWR
|
Department of Education,
Employment and Workplace Relations
|
DfES
|
Department for Education and
Skills (United Kingdom)
|
EEBTUM
|
Employee Earnings, Benefits and
Trade Union Membership
|
EEH
|
Employee Earnings and Hours
|
EM
|
Explanatory Memorandum
|
EOWA
|
Equal Opportunity for Women in
the Workplace Agency
|
EOWW Act
|
Equal Opportunity for Women in
the Workplace Act 1999 (Cth)
|
ERP
|
Equal Remuneration Principle
|
FaHCSIA
|
Department of Families, Housing,
Community Services and Indigenous Affairs
|
FECCA
|
Federation of Ethnic Communities Councils
Australia
|
FSU
|
Finance Sector Union
|
FWA
|
Fair Work Australia
|
GDP
|
Gross Domestic Product
|
GTA
|
Group Training Australia
|
HILDA
|
Household Income and Labour
Dynamics in Australia
|
HREOC
|
Human Rights and Equal
Opportunity Commission (now Australian Human Rights Commission)
|
ICCPR
|
International Covenant on Civil
and Political Rights
|
ICESCR
|
International Covenant on
Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
|
IDC
|
Interdepartmental Committee
|
IEUA
|
Independent Education Union of
Australia
|
ILO
|
International Labour Organisation
|
IRRC
|
Industrial Relations Research
Centre
|
ITUC
|
International Trade Union
Confederation
|
KPI
|
Key Performance Indicator
|
LFS
|
Labour Force Survey
|
LHMU
|
Liquor, Hospitality and
Miscellaneous Union
|
NAB
|
National Australia Bank
|
NOW
|
New Opportunities for Women
|
NPEC
|
National Pay Equity Coalition
|
NTEU
|
National Tertiary Education Union
|
OECD
|
Organisation for Economic
Cooperation and Development
|
OSHC
|
Out of School Hours Care
|
OfW
|
Office for Women
|
PFA
|
Police Federation of Australia
|
QIRC
|
Queensland Industrial Relations
Commission
|
QWIRS
|
Queensland Workplace Industrial
Relations Survey
|
RCSA
|
Recruitment and Consulting
Services Australia
|
SDA
|
Sex Discrimination Act
|
SES
|
Senior Executive Service
|
TAFE
|
Technical and Further Education
|
UN
|
United Nations
|
UWS
|
University of Western Sydney
|
WEL
|
Women’s Electoral Lobby
|
WESKI
|
Women’s Employment Status Key
Indicators
|
WiSER
|
Women in Social & Economic
Research
|
WWDA
|
Women with Disabilities Australia
|
List of recommendations
5 - Industrial relations legislative reforms
Recommendation 1
That for the removal of any doubt, the definition of equal
remuneration for work of equal or comparable value in the Fair Work Act 2009
be supplemented with a signpost note confirming that the concept of equal
remuneration includes the valuation of dissimilar work of equal or comparable
value.
Recommendation 2
That the Fair Work Act 2009 be amended to broaden the
definition of remuneration to include direct or indirect payments, whether in
cash or in kind.
Recommendation 3
That the section 3 of the Fair Work Act 2009 be amended
to state that equal remuneration for men and women employees for work of equal
or comparable value is an explicit object of the Act.
Recommendation 4
That the President of Fair Work Australia, by promulgation,
enunciate an equal remuneration principle and set out how this principle is to
be applied (e.g. work evaluation, comparisons across industries including
similar and dissimilar work) in all contexts.
Recommendation 5
That the Government establish a discretionary fund to be
administered by the Attorney General for the provision of funding on
application for the pursuit of cases in relation to remuneration orders.
Recommendation 6
That Fair Work Australia investigates the feasibility of
advisory classification and remuneration benchmarks to provide advice to
employees and employers.
Recommendation 7
That s. 156(4) be amended to include:
(d) evidence that the work, skill and responsibility required
or the conditions under which the work is done have been historically
undervalued on a gender basis.
Recommendation 8
That s. 157 be amended to ensure consistency with s. 156 and
include a definition of ‘work value reasons’ defined as:
… reasons justifying the amount that employees should be paid
for doing a particular kind of work, being reasons related to any of the
following:
(a) the nature of the work;
(b) the level of skill or responsibility involved in doing the
work;
(c) the conditions under which the work is done [S 156(4)].
(d) evidence that the work, skill and responsibility required
or the conditions under which the work is done have been historically
undervalued.
Recommendation 9
That the Government:
n elevate
pay equity to be a clear objective of modern awards;
n expand
scope of variation and amendment of awards on work value grounds to explicitly
include pay equity, applying a gender neutral work valuation’ require Fair Work
Australia to be satisfied that the award satisfies pay equity criteria.
Recommendation 10
That s. 134 of the Fair Work Act 2009 be amended so as
to require that an award must provide for equal remuneration for men and women
employees for work of equal or comparable value.
Recommendation 11
That the Australian Industrial Relations Commission report to
the Committee prior to the finalisation of the awards in the awards
modernisation process in relation to how pay equity principles have been
achieved.
Recommendation 12
That Fair Work Australia report to the Parliament within the
annual reporting process on any changes to the awards after 1 January 2010 that
may have the potential to impact on pay equity.
Recommendation 13
That s. 65 of the Fair Work Act be amended to require that
individual flexibility arrangements are lodged with Fair Work Australia.
Recommendation 14
That the National Employment Standards Division 3 (13) in
relation to requests for flexible working arrangements be amended to include
all employees.
Recommendation 15
That the Fair Work Act 2009 be amended:
n to
impose a legal obligation on the parties in a negotiation of a single or multi
enterprise agreement that the negotiation and the agreement must include
bargaining to achieve pay equity as defined by the Act; and
n to
require that Fair Work Australia must not approve an enterprise agreement
unless the agreement is necessary to achieve pay equity or implements pay
equity.
Recommendation 16
That Fair Work Australia ensure that where a significant
proportion of an organisation’s employees are from a non-English speaking
background, that the explanation of the terms of an employment agreement have
been explained in the employee’s own language.
Recommendation 17
That the Australian Government place on the COAG agenda the
consideration of the introduction of complementary legislation in relation to
all equal remuneration matters dealt with by Fair Work Australia in each
jurisdiction.
Recommendation 18
That section 582 of Fair Work Act 2009 be amended to
require the President of Fair Work Australia to state explicitly the
appropriate equal remuneration principle and to give detailed direction on how
equal remuneration is to be handled.
6 - Anti-discrimination legislation
Recommendation 19
That the Sex Discrimination Act 1984 be amended to
enable the Sex Discrimination Commissioner to commence self initiated
complaints for alleged breaches of the Sex Discrimination Act, without
requiring individual complaint and including the ability to enter negotiations,
reach settlements, agree enforceable undertakings and issue compliance notices.
Recommendation 20
That the Sex Discrimination Act 1984 be amended to
enable the Australian Human Rights Commission to commence legal action in the
Federal Magistrates Court or Federal Court for a breach of the Sex
Discrimination Act.
Recommendation 21
That the Sex Discrimination Act 1984 be amended to make
it mandatory for employers who are repeat offenders discriminating on the basis
of pregnancy or carer’s responsibility to be required to attend counselling or
an approved training course.
7 - Pay Equity Unit
Recommendation 22
That the Minister introduce an Act to establish a specialist
pay equity unit within Fair Work Australia as central point for pay equity
monitoring, development and application of pay equity audits, development of
pay equity plans; and the provision of specialist assistance to Fair Work
Australia in award modernisation
Recommendation 23
That a Deputy President be assigned responsibility for the
administration, conduct and strategic output in relation to the activities of
the Pay Equity Unit.
Recommendation 24
That the Deputy President appoint an Advisory Board comprising
relevant government agencies, union, employer and employee representatives to
provide input into strategic policy development.
Recommendation 25
That all federal public sector organisations be required to
report biennially to the Pay Equity Unit within Fair Work Australia on the
implementation of a diversity plan to increase pay equity.
Recommendation 26
That all federal public sector organisations be required to
report biennially to the Pay Equity Unit within Fair Work Australia on the
implementation of a gender equity duty in relation to employees and in service
provision.
Recommendation 27
That all organisations with 100 or more employees be required
to report biennially to the Pay Equity Unit within Fair Work Australia on the
implementation of a diversity plan to increase pay equity.
Recommendation 28
That the Pay Equity Act include a schedule for the amendment
of the Taxation Administration Act 1953, specifying that the
Commissioner be enabled to disclose aggregate wages and salary and other
relevant information acquired under the taxation law to a Pay Equity Unit
officer if the Commissioner is satisfied that the request is relevant and
necessary to the work of the Unit.
Recommendation 29
That the proposed Pay Equity Act include a provision making it
mandatory for small and medium businesses to be required to submit an audit
report in response to a specific request from the Pay Equity Unit.
Recommendation 30
That the Employer of Choice for Women Awards be extended to
medium and small business categories.
Recommendation 31
That the Deputy President of Fair Work Australia responsible
for the Pay Equity Unit be required to seek advice through the appointment of
an advisory board comprising unions, employers and employer groups and other
stakeholders to provide strategic input in relation to industry specific
strategies.
Recommendation 32
That the Equal Opportunity for Women in the Workplace Act 1999
be repealed and the functions of the office be incorporated in the proposed Pay
Equity Act.
8 - Administrative Approaches
Recommendation 33
That the Government require the Procurement Coordinator
monitor the application of the Commonwealth Procurement Guidelines by agencies
to ensure that firms that are not compliant with relevant pay equity principles
are not eligible for Commonwealth contracts.
Recommendation 34
That the Procurement Coordinator investigate, as a matter of
urgency, the adequacy of practical implementation of the Procurement Guidelines
to ensure that the outcome meets relevant pay equity principles.
Recommendation 35
That Government ensure that industry assistance is only
provided to firms that are compliant with pay equity principles and that the
outcome of the assisted program is compliant with the pay equity principles.
Recommendation 36
That the Government revise the current list of industry
assistance programs to ensure that a compliance requirement with pay equity
principles is applied to all appropriate funding allocations.
Recommendation 37
That the Superannuation Guarantee (Administration) Act 1992
be amended to remove the exemption from the payment of the 9 per cent charge
for employees who earn less than $450 per month and that the required
superannuation contributions be paid for all employees into a designated or
approved superannuation fund of their choice
Recommendation 38
That the Government broaden the scope of the Superannuation
Co-contribution scheme to include all low income earners.
Recommendation 39
That the Government establish a superannuation fund or modify
Ausfund to be an available fund for the receipt of monies on behalf of these
employees who earn less than $450 with any employer to reduce the likelihood of
multiple administration costs charged to workers with multiple employers.
Recommendation 40
That the Government provide a long service leave scheme
providing portability of service for workers, together with an equitable
application of long service leave contributions by employers in appropriate
industries.
Recommendation 41
That the Office for Women be located within the Department of
Prime Minister and Cabinet.
Recommendation 42
That all relevant Cabinet submissions be accompanied by an
analysis of the potential impact of the proposal on pay equity in Australia.
Recommendation 43
That the Minister for the Status of Women provide an annual
statement to Parliament on Australia’s progress in improving women’s economic
and financial independence which includes an analysis of the pay equity
situation in Australia.
Recommendation 44
That the Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet amend the
‘Requirements for Annual Reports for Departments, Executive Agencies and FMA
ACT bodies’, Section 12 (3) Management of Human Resources (b), the word
‘gender’ to read ‘gender including pay equity issues’ for the preparation of
annual report to Parliament.
Recommendation 45
That the Australian Public Service Commission be required to
report on gender pay gap in the Australian Public Service in the annual State
of the Service reports.
Recommendation 46
That the government incorporate in the current review of the
Australian Public Service the adequacy of the current collective agreement wage
setting processes to meet pay equity principles required under Australia’s
international obligations.
Recommendation 47
That all government agencies and authorities be required to
implement a gender equality scheme and to report on policies and practices in
the delivery of services.
9 - Data collection and research
Recommendation 48
That the Pay Equity Unit consider and respond to the findings
and recommendations of the Women in Social and Economic Research 2006 report Women’s
pay and conditions in an era of changing workplace regulations: Towards a
“Women’s Employment Status Key Indicators” (WESKI) database.
Recommendation 49
That the Australian Bureau of Statistics, where possible,
review all existing surveys and data, relevant to pay equity, for evidence of
any trends over time in pay inequity and issues affecting female participation
in the workforce.
Recommendation 50
That the Australian Bureau of Statistics amend data surveys as
follows:
n Survey
of Average Weekly Earnings (cat no. 6302.0)
seek further detail of different occupation or occupational
categories; disaggregate data to managerial and non-managerial employee level.
Recommendation 51
That the Australian Bureau of Statistics, where possible,
introduce gender disaggregation into all surveys that relate to pay equity
issues.
Recommendation 52
That a National Pay Equity Workplace Survey be developed and
conducted biennially by the Department of Education, Employment and Workplace
Relations in partnership with the Pay Equity Unit.
The survey should cover, but not be limited to:
n average
hourly and weekly wage rates for employees in non-managerial and
non-professional occupations;
n provisions
for the adjustment of wages rates during the life of the agreement;
n compensatory
wage payments for the absorption of penalty rates and/or other employment
conditions;
n the
inclusion of non wage benefits such as bonus payments;
n the
incidence of trading off provisions, such as annual leave for wage payments;
n the
incidence of averaging ordinary working hours across several weeks or months
and common averaging periods used for this purpose;
n ordinary
working hours, including the incidence of ordinary working hours of more than
forty per week;
n the
availability of flexible start and finish times and breaks;
n developments
or changes in the standards of family-friendly provisions such as access to
paid family or parental leave;
n the
availability of other forms of leave such as annual leave, unpaid leave and
long service leave; and
n access
to family friendly employment benefits such as employer provided or subsidized
childcare.
Recommendation 53
That the Department of Families, Housing, Community Services
and Indigenous Affairs consult with:
n Melbourne
Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research at the University of
Melbourne;
n Australian
Council for Educational Research;
n Australian
Institute of Family Studies, and
n the
Pay Equity Unit,
in relation to possible improvements to Household Income and
Labour Dynamics Australia survey to encompass pay equity considerations.
Recommendation 54
That a working group consisting of Commonwealth departments
and agencies, as well as relevant stakeholders be established within the Pay
Equity Unit to progress greater comparability of data collections.
10 - Women's choices?
Recommendation 55
That the Government as a matter of priority collect relevant
information of workforce participation of Indigenous women to provide a basis
for pay equity analysis and inform future policy direction.
Recommendation 56
That the Government as a matter of priority collect relevant
information of workforce participation of women to with disabilities provide a
basis for pay equity analysis and inform future policy direction.
Recommendation 57
That the Minister for Immigration and Citizenship review the
adequacy of English language tuition and the need to reinstate these programs.
Recommendation 58
That the Minister for Immigration and Citizenship investigate
options for the improvement of current processes for the accreditation of
overseas migrants.
Recommendation 59
That the Minister for Employment and Workplace Relations seek
cooperation from the State and Territory Governments to develop opportunities
for the provision of work experience in government departments or
instrumentalities for migrant women
Recommendation 60
That the Government ensure that CALD women receive the
appropriate information about all employment related initiatives such as paid
maternity leave.
Recommendation 61
That the Government review existing policies to encourage and
assist employers in the provision of child care facilities.
Recommendation 62
That the Government assign the responsibility out of school
care to a specific portfolio to provide a focus for policy development and
consideration and cooperation with the States and Territories.
11 - Cultural dimensions
Recommendation 63
That the Minister raise with the Ministerial Council of
Education, Early Childhood Development and Youth Affairs a matter relating to
review of curriculum and careers advice/course selection processes in all
educational institutions for gender stereotyping.