House of Representatives Committees

| House of Representatives Standing Committee on Health and Ageing

Footnotes

Chapter 1 Background to the inquiry

[1] Professor Adrian Sleigh, Professor of Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 2.

[2] Ms Megan Morris, First Assistant Secretary, Office of Health Protection, Department of Health and Ageing (DoHA), Transcript of Evidence, Canberra, 20 March 2012, p. 1.

[3] Professor Tania Sorrell, Director, Sydney Institute for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 4.

[4] Australian Health Management Plan for Pandemic Influenza, updated December 2009, http://www.flupandemic.gov.au/internet/panflu/publishing.nsf/Content/ahmppi-2009-l, viewed on 7 January 2013, p. 90.

[5] World Health Orgnaization, Infectious Diseases, http://www.who.int/topics/infectious_diseases/en/ viewed on 27 February 2013.

[6] Prime Minister's Science, Engineering and Innovation Council (PMSEIC) Expert Working Group, Epidemics in a Changing World, 5 June 2009, http://www.innovation.gov.au/Science/PMSEIC/Pages/PapersandPublications.aspx, Appendix B Tabled document 5.

[7] Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, National Action Plan for Human Influenza Pandemic, p. 19, http://www.dpmc.gov.au/publications/pandemic/index.cfm viewed 7 January 2013.

[8] Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, National Action Plan for Human Influenza Pandemic, p. 19, http://www.dpmc.gov.au/publications/pandemic/index.cfm viewed 7 January 2013.

[9] Professor Adrian Sleigh, Professor of Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 2.

[10] World Health Organization, Avian Influenza, http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/avian_influenza/en/index.html viewed 26 February 2013.

[11] World Health Organization, Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), http://www.who.int/csr/don/archive/disease/severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome/en/index.html viewed on 11 February 2013. See also Department of Health and Ageing, Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/health-sars-index.htm viewed 11 February 2013.

[12] Department of Health and Ageing, History of pandemics, http://www.flupandemic.gov.au/internet/panflu/publishing.nsf/Content/history-1#2009 viewed 11 February 2013. See also Pandemic (H1N1) 2009, http://www.who.int/csr/disease/swineflu/en/index.html viewed 11 February 2013.

[13] Department of Health and Ageing, Annual Report 2010-2011, p. 327.

[14] House of Representatives Standing Committee on Health and Ageing (HAA), Regional health issues jointly affecting Australia and the South Pacific: Report of the Australian Parliamentary Committee Delegation to Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands, March 2010, http://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/House_of_Representatives_Committees?url=haa/./pacifichealth/report.htm

[15] HAA, Regional health issues jointly affecting Australia and the South Pacific: Report of the Australian Parliamentary Committee Delegation to Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands, March 2010.

[16] Australian Parliament House, Senate Standing Committees on Finance and Public Administration, http://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate_Committees?url=fapa_ctte/index.htm viewed on 5 March 2013.

Chapter 2 Infectious disease policy framework

[1] Ms Megan Morris, First Assistant Secretary, Office of Health Protection, Department of Health and Ageing, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 49.

[2] Ms Maria Jolly, Assistant Secretary, Health Protection and Surveillance Branch, Office of Health Protection, Department of Health and Ageing, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 20 March 2012, p. 7.

[3] Ms Maria Jolly, Assistant Secretary, Health Protection and Surveillance Branch, Office of Health Protection, Department of Health and Ageing, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 20 March 2012, p. 7. See also Ms Megan Morris, First Assistant Secretary, Office of Health Protection, Department of Health and Ageing, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 20 March 2012, p. 1.

[4] World Health Organization, What are the international health regulations? http://www.who.int/features/qa/39/en/index.html, viewed on 27 February 2013,

[5] World Health Organization, What are the international health regulations? http://www.who.int/features/qa/39/en/index.html, viewed on 27 February 2013,

[6] AusAID, Millenium Development Goals, http://www.ausaid.gov.au/aidissues/mdg/Pages/home.aspx, viewed on 27 February 2013,

[7] AusAID, Millenium Development Goals, viewed on 27 February 2013, http://www.ausaid.gov.au/aidissues/mdg/Pages/home.aspx

[8] Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, National Action Plan for Human Influenza Pandemic, p. 4, http://www.dpmc.gov.au/publications/pandemic/index.cfm, viewed 7 January 2013.

[9] World Health Organization, Responding to the Avian Influenza Pandemic Threat, 2005, p. 3.

[10] World Health Organization, Pandemic Influenza and Preparedness Response, 2009, http://www.who.int/influenza/resources/documents/pandemic_guidance_04_2009/en/index.html, viewed on 28 February 2013.

[11] World Health Organization, Pandemic Influenza and Preparedness Response, 2009, p. 9, http://www.who.int/influenza/resources/documents/pandemic_guidance_04_2009/en/index.html, viewed on 28 February 2013,

[12] Department of Health and Ageing, FLUBORDERPLAN, February 2009, Attachment A, http://www.flupandemic.gov.au/internet/panflu/publishing.nsf/Content/fluborderplan, viewed on 9 January 2013.

[13] Australian Health Management Plan for Pandemic Influenza, updated December 2009, http://www.flupandemic.gov.au/internet/panflu/publishing.nsf/Content/ahmppi-2009-l, viewed on 7 January 2013, p. 17 and pp. 26-32. See also: Department of Health and Ageing, FLUBORDERPLAN, February 2009, Attachment A, http://www.flupandemic.gov.au/internet/panflu/publishing.nsf/Content/fluborderplan, viewed on 9 January 2013.

[14] Mr Gregory Saphin, Director, Business Continuity and Incident Response Section, Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 27.

[15] Sourced from correspondence provided to the Committee secretariat from the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, in an e-mail dated 18 July 2012 from Linda Geddes, Assistant Secretary, Cyber Policy and Homeland Security Division, Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet.

[16] Sourced from correspondence provided to the Committee secretariat from the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, in an e-mail dated 18 July 2012 from Linda Geddes, Assistant Secretary, Cyber Policy and Homeland Security Division, Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet.

[17] Sourced from correspondence provided to the Committee secretariat from the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, in an e-mail dated 18 July 2012 from Linda Geddes, Assistant Secretary, Cyber Policy and Homeland Security Division, Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet.

[18] Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, National Action Plan for Human Influenza Pandemic, http://www.dpmc.gov.au/publications/pandemic/index.cfm, viewed on 7 January 2013.

[19] Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, National Action Plan for Human Influenza Pandemic, http://www.dpmc.gov.au/publications/pandemic/index.cfm, viewed on 7 January 2013.

[20] The Australian Health Management Plan for Pandemic Influenza (AHMPPI) is the national health plan for responding to an influenza pandemic developed by DoHA’s Office for Health Protection in consultation with peak bodies, advisory groups and experts in pandemic influenza.

[21] Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, National Action Plan for Human Influenza Pandemic, http://www.dpmc.gov.au/publications/pandemic/index.cfm, p. 3, viewed on 7 January 2013.

[22] Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, National Action Plan for Human Influenza Pandemic, http://www.dpmc.gov.au/publications/pandemic/index.cfm, p. 3, viewed on 7 January 2013.

[23] Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, National Action Plan for Human Influenza Pandemic, http://www.dpmc.gov.au/publications/pandemic/index.cfm, p. ii, viewed on 7 January 2013.

[24] See Attorney-General’s Department, Emergency Management http://www.ag.gov.au/EmergencyManagement/Pages/default.aspx, viewed on 7 January 2013.

[25] Attorney-General’s Department, Australian Emergency Management Arrangements, p. 5, http://www.em.gov.au/Emergencymanagement/Preparingforemergencies/Plansandarrangements/Pages/AustralianGovernmentEmergencyManagementPlans.aspx#aema, viewed 7 January 2013.

[26] Dr Jennifer Ruth Firman, Principal Medical Adviser, Department of Health and Ageing, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 20 March 2012, p. 6.

[27] Ms Megan Morris, First Assistant Secretary, Office of Health Protection, Department of Health and Ageing, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 20 March 2012, p. 2.

[28] Ms Megan Morris, First Assistant Secretary, Office of Health Protection, Department of Health and Ageing, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 20 March 2012, p. 2. The terms ‘emergency’ and ‘disaster’ are used nationally and internationally to describe events which require special arrangements to manage the situation. ‘Emergencies’ or ‘disasters’ are characterised by the need to deal with the hazard and its impacts on the community. The term ‘emergency’ is used on the understanding that it also includes any meaning of the word ‘disaster’. See The Attorney-General’s Department, Australian Emergency Management Arrangements, p. 5, footnote 2, http://www.em.gov.au/Emergencymanagement/Preparingforemergencies/Plansandarrangements/Pages/AustralianGovernmentEmergencyManagementPlans.aspx#aema, viewed 7 January 2013.

[29] Department of Health and Ageing, About the Office of Health Protection, http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/ohp-about.htm, viewed 29 November 2012.

[30] Department of Health and Ageing, About the Office of Health Protection’, http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/ohp-about.htm, viewed 22 February 2013.

[31] Ms Megan Morris, First Assistant Secretary, Office of Health Protection, Department of Health and Ageing, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 49.

[32] Dr Jennifer Ruth Firman, Principal Medical Adviser, Office of Health Protection, Department of Health and Ageing, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 20 March 2012, p. 45.

[33] Department of Health and Ageing, Surveillance Systems, http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/cda-surveil-surv_sys.htm#nndss, viewed on 14 January 2013.

[34] Department of Health and Ageing, Surveillance Systems, http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/cda-surveil-surv_sys.htm#nndss, viewed on 14 January 2013.

[35] Department of Health and Ageing, Surveillance Systems, http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/cda-surveil-surv_sys.htm#nndss, viewed on 14 January 2013.

[36] Department of Health and Ageing, Communicable diseases information, http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/ohp-communic-1, viewed 21 February 2013.

[37] Department of Health and Ageing, http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/cda-cdna-cdna.htm, viewed 19 April 2012.

[38] Department of Health and Ageing, http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/cda-cdna-cdna.htm, viewed 19 April 2012.

[39] Department of Health and Ageing, Communicable Diseases Network Australia, See also http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/cda-cdna-cdna.htm, viewed on 10 January 2013.

[40] Department of Health and Ageing, http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/cda-cdna-cdna.htm, viewed 19 April 2012.

[41] Dr Jennifer Ruth Firman, Principal Medical Adviser, Office of Health Protection, Department of Health and Ageing, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 39.

[42] Dr Jennifer Ruth Firman, Principal Medical Adviser, Office of Health Protection, Department of Health and Ageing, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 39.

[43] Dr Jennifer Ruth Firman, Principal Medical Adviser, Office of Health Protection, Department of Health and Ageing, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 39.

[44] Dr Jennifer Ruth Firman, Principal Medical Adviser, Office of Health Protection, Department of Health and Ageing, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 39.

[45] Dr Paul Armstrong, Director, Communicable Disease Control Directorate, Department of Health, Western Australia, Official Committee Hansard, Perth, 8 August 2012, pp. 7-8.

[46] Department of Health and Ageing, Public Health Laboratory Network, http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/cda-cdna-phln-phln.htm, viewed on 22 February 2013.

[47] Dr David William Smith, Chair, Public Health Laboratory Network of Australia, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 35.

[48] Department of Health and Ageing, ‘Overview of the Public Health Laboratory Network (PHLN)’ http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/cda-cdna-phln-phln.htm, viewed 29 November 2012.

[49] Ms Megan Morris, First Assistant Secretary, Office of Health Protection, Department of Health and Ageing, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 20 March 2012, p. 6.

[50] Ms Megan Morris, First Assistant Secretary, Office of Health Protection, Department of Health and Ageing, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 20 March 2012, p. 6.

[51] Dr Jennifer Ruth Firman, Principal Medical Adviser, Office of Health Protection, Department of Health and Ageing, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 20 March 2012, p. 40.

[52] Australian Health Management Plan for Pandemic Influenza, updated December 2009, http://www.flupandemic.gov.au/internet/panflu/publishing.nsf/Content/ahmppi-2009-l, viewed on 7 January 2013, p. 11.

[53] Australian Health Management Plan for Pandemic Influenza, updated December 2009, http://www.flupandemic.gov.au/internet/panflu/publishing.nsf/Content/ahmppi-2009-l, viewed on 7 January 2013, p. 15.

[54] Australian Health Management Plan for Pandemic Influenza, updated December 2009, http://www.flupandemic.gov.au/internet/panflu/publishing.nsf/Content/ahmppi-2009-l, viewed on 7 January 2013, p. 16.

[55] Australian Health Management Plan for Pandemic Influenza, updated December 2009, http://www.flupandemic.gov.au/internet/panflu/publishing.nsf/Content/ahmppi-2009-l, viewed on 7 January 2013, p. 15.

[56] Australian Health Management Plan for Pandemic Influenza, updated December 2009, http://www.flupandemic.gov.au/internet/panflu/publishing.nsf/Content/ahmppi-2009-l, viewed on 7 January 2013, pp. 4-6.

[57] Australian Health Management Plan for Pandemic Influenza, updated December 2009, http://www.flupandemic.gov.au/internet/panflu/publishing.nsf/Content/ahmppi-2009-l, viewed on 7 January 2013, p. 14.

[58] Australian Health Management Plan for Pandemic Influenza, updated December 2009, http://www.flupandemic.gov.au/internet/panflu/publishing.nsf/Content/ahmppi-2009-l, viewed on 7 January 2013, p. 16.

[59] Australian Bureau of Statistics, http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Previousproducts/3401.0Feature%20Article1Dec%202012?opendocument&tabname=Summary&prodno=3401.0&issue=Dec%202012&num=&view=, viewed 7 March 2013.

[60] Dr Paul Douglas, Chief Medical Officer and Global Manager Health, Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 20.

[61] Dr Paul Douglas, Chief Medical Officer and Global Manager Health, Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 20.

[62] Dr Paul Douglas, Chief Medical Officer and Global Manager Health, Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 20.

[63] Dr Paul Douglas, Chief Medical Officer and Global Manager Health, Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 20.

[64] Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Health Undertakings, Canberra, 25 May 2012, http://www.immi.gov.au/allforms/health-requirements/health-undertakings.htm, viewed 10 December 2012.

[65] Dr Paul Douglas, Chief Medical Officer and Global Manager Health, Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 20.

[66] Dr Paul Douglas, Chief Medical Officer and Global Manager Health, Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 26.

[67] Dr Paul Douglas, Chief Medical Officer and Global Manager Health, Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 26.

[68] Dr Paul Douglas, Chief Medical Officer and Global Manager Health, Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 26.

[69] Dr Paul Douglas, Chief Medical Officer and Global Manager Health, Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 20.

[70] Dr Paul Douglas, Chief Medical Officer and Global Manager Health, Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 20.

[71] Ms Jenny Da Rin, Assistant Director General, Education and Health Branch, AusAID, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 19.

[72] Ms Jenny Da Rin, Assistant Director General, Education and Health Branch, AusAID, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 19.

[73] Ms Jenny Da Rin, Assistant Director General, Education and Health Branch, AusAID, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012,p. 19.

[74] Ms Joanne Greenfield, Senior Health Officer, AusAID, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 19.

[75] Ms Rona Mellor, Deputy Secretary, Biosecurity, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, pp. 20-21.

[76] Ms Rona Mellor, Deputy Secretary, Biosecurity, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 21.

[77] The Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia – Biosecurity Bill 2012, Explanatory Memorandum.

[78] The Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia – Biosecurity Bill 2012, Explanatory Memorandum.

[79] Ms Rona Mellor, Deputy Secretary, Biosecurity, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 21.

[80] Ms Rona Mellor, Deputy Secretary, Biosecurity, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 21.

[81] Department of Health and Ageing website, accessed on 23 October 2012, http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/cda-state-legislation-links.htm

[82] Department of Health and Ageing website, http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/cda-state-legislation-links.htm, viewed on 23 October 2012.

[83] To view each state and territory pandemic influenza plan, see Department of Health and Ageing, Plans and guidelines, http://www.health.gov.au/internet/panflu/publishing.nsf/Content/plans-1, viewed 9 January 2013.

Chapter 3 Screening, surveillance and control of infectious disease

[1] Dr Richard Gair, Public Health Medical Officer, Queensland Health, Official Committee Hansard, Cairns, 2 August 2012, p. 5.

[2] Ms Rona Mellor, Deputy Secretary, Biosecurity, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, pp. 22-23.

[3] Dr Paul Douglas, Chief Medical Officer and Global Manager Health, Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 20.

[4] Dr Gary Lum, Assistant Secretary, Department of Health and Ageing, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 44.

[5] Dr Paul Douglas, Chief Medical Officer and Global Manager Health, Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 20. The health matrix assesses the level of TB risk associated with the country that a visa holder is coming from, the duration of their intended stay in Australia and intended activities while in Australia.

[6] Dr Paul Douglas, Chief Medical Officer and Global Manager Health, Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 20.

[7] In this report, vessel is taken to have the definition contained in the Quarantine Act 1908 (Cth), s.5: (a) a ship, boat or other description of vessel used in navigation by sea; or (b) an aircraft; or (c) an air cushion vehicle; or (d) an off‑shore industry mobile unit (being an overseas installation) that is bound for, or is at, a port; and includes a part of any of the above.

[8] Ms Rona Mellor, Deputy Secretary, Biosecurity, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 21.

[9] Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Passenger Cards, 18 January 2013, http://www.immi.gov.au/managing-australias-borders/border-security/travel/passenger-cards/, viewed on 18 January 2013.

[10] Ms Rona Mellor, Deputy Secretary, Biosecurity, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 22.

[11] Mr Tim Chapman, First Assistant Secretary, Quarantine Operations, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 22.

[12] Ms Rona Mellor, Deputy Secretary, Biosecurity, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 22.

[13] Dr Rodney Givney, Infectious Diseases Physician and Microbiologist, University of Newcastle, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 12 May 2012, p. 15.

[14] Sourced from correspondence provided to the Committee secretariat from the Department of Immigration and Citizenship, in an e-mail dated 29 May 2012 from Mr Miles Henderson, Acting Assistant Secretary, Border Security Policy Branch.

[15] See evidence from Mr Gregory Saphin, Director, Business Continuity and Incident Response Section, Department of Immigration, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 21.

[16] Dr Gary Lum, Assistant Secretary, Department of Health and Ageing, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 44.

[17] Dr Rodney Givney, Infectious Diseases Physician and Microbiologist, University of Newcastle, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 12 May 2012, p. 15.

[18] Professor Adrian Sleigh, Professor of Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 14.

[19] Professor Tania Sorrell, Director, Sydney Institute for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 14.

[20] Dr Gary Lum, Assistant Secretary, Department of Health and Ageing, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 44.

[21] Mr Tim Chapman, First Assistant Secretary, Quarantine Operations, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 22. See also Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Vessel Pratique, http://www.daff.gov.au/aqis/avm/vessels/quarantine_concerns/human_health/pratique, viewed on 5 December 2012.

[22] Mr Tim Chapman, First Assistant Secretary, Quarantine Operations, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 22.

[23] Parliamentary Library, Asylum seekers and refugees: what are the facts? February 2013.

[24] Dr Paul Douglas, Chief Medical Officer and Global Manager Health, Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 20.

[25] Dr Paul Douglas, Chief Medical Officer and Global Manager Health, Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 20.

[26] For further information on IMAs see http://www.immi.gov.au/ima/, viewed on 24 January 2013.

[27] Dr Paul Douglas, Chief Medical Officer and Global Manager Health, Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 20. See also Mr Paul Windsor, Assistant Secretary, Detention Health Services, Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 24 August 2012, p. 2.

[28] The Committee was told that some IMAs arrive on the Cocos Islands, and these people were usually processed on Christmas Island. Some IMAs arrived in Darwin, and these people were either screened in Darwin or moved to Christmas Island for screening. Anyone arriving in immigration detention through other means still undergoes similar health screening. See Dr Mark Parrish, Medical Director, Health Services, International Health and Medical Services, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 24 August 2012, p. 3.

[29] Mr Paul Windsor, Assistant Secretary, Detention Health Services, Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 24 August 2012, p. 2.

[30] Mr Paul Windsor, Assistant Secretary, Detention Health Services, Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 24 August 2012, p. 2.

[31] Mrs Julie McCaughan, Health Services Manager, International Health and Medical Services, Official Committee Hansard, Christmas Island, 21 November 2012, p. 2.

[32] Mrs Julie McCaughan, Health Services Manager, International Health and Medical Services, Official Committee Hansard, Christmas Island, 21 November 2012, p. 2.

[33] Dr Parbodh Chandar Gogna, Area Medical Director, Christmas Island, International Health and Medical Services, Official Committee Hansard, Christmas Island, 21 November 2012, p. 1.

[34] Mr Paul Windsor, Assistant Secretary, Detention Health Services, Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 24 August 2012, p. 2.

[35] Mr Paul Windsor, Assistant Secretary, Detention Health Services, Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 24 August 2012, p. 2.

[36] Dr Parbodh Chandar Gogna, Area Medical Director, Christmas Island, International Health and Medical Services, Official Committee Hansard, Christmas Island, 21 November 2012, p. 8.

[37] Mr Paul Windsor, Assistant Secretary, Detention Health Services, Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 24 August 2012, p. 2.

[38] Dr Parbodh Chandar Gogna, Area Medical Director, Christmas Island, International Health and Medical Services, Official Committee Hansard, Christmas Island, 21 November 2012, p. 1. See also Dr Julie Leanne Graham, Director of Public Health and Medicine, Indian Ocean Territories Health Service, Official Committee Hansard, Christmas Island, 21 November 2012, p. 2.

[39] Mr Paul Windsor, Assistant Secretary, Detention Health Services, Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 24 August 2012, p. 6.

[40] Dr Jennifer Ruth Firman, Principal Medical Adviser, Office of Health Protection, Department of Health and Ageing, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 20 March 2012, p. 45.

[41] Dr Jennifer Ruth Firman, Principal Medical Adviser, Office of Health Protection, Department of Health and Ageing,, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 45. See also Department of Health and Ageing, Communicable Disease Intelligence (CDI), http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/cda-pubs-cdi-cdiintro.htm, viewed 7 March 2013.

[42] Professor William John Hannan McBride, Professor of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Physician, School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Official Committee Hansard, 2 August 2012, p. 17.

[43] Dr Paul Armstrong, Director, Communicable Disease Control Directorate, Department of Health, Western Australia, Official Committee Hansard, Perth, 8 August 2012, p. 20.

[44] Dr Jennifer Ruth Firman, Principal Medical Adviser, Office of Health Protection, Department of Health and Ageing, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 20 March 2012, p. 45.

[45] Dr Richard Gair, Public Health Medical Officer, Queensland Health, Official Committee Hansard, Cairns, 2 August 2012, p. 11.

[46] Dr Paul Armstrong, Director, Communicable Disease Control Directorate, Department of Health, Western Australia, Official Committee Hansard, Perth, 8 August 2012, p. 8.

[47] Dr Paul Armstrong, Director, Communicable Disease Control Directorate, Department of Health, Western Australia, Official Committee Hansard, Perth, 8 August 2012, p. 8.

[48] Mr Paul Windsor, Assistant Secretary, Detention Health Services, Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 24 August 2012, p. 2.

[49] Dr Mark Parrish, Medical Director, Health Services, International Health and Medical Services, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 24 August 2012, p. 7.

[50] Dr Parbodh Chandar Gogna, Area Medical Director, Christmas Island, International Health and Medical Services, Official Committee Hansard, Christmas Island, 21 November 2012, pp. 13-14.

[51] Dr Parbodh Chandar Gogna, Area Medical Director, Christmas Island, International Health and Medical Services, Official Committee Hansard, Christmas Island, 21 November 2012, pp. 13-14.

[52] Dr Julie Leanne Graham, Director of Public Health and Medicine, Indian Ocean Territories Health Service, Official Committee Hansard, Christmas Island, 21 November 2012, p. 10.

[53] See Australasian Society for Infectious Diseases, Diagnosis, Management and prevention of infections in recently arrived refugees, http://www.asid.net.au/Clinical-Guidelines, viewed 7 March 2013.

[54] Dr Peter Gregory Markey, Head of Surveillance Section, Centre for Disease Control, Northern Territory Department of Health, Official Committee Hansard, Cairns, 2 August 2012, p. 2.

[55] Dr Peter Gregory Markey, Head of Surveillance Section, Centre for Disease Control, Northern Territory Department of Health, Official Committee Hansard, Cairns, 2 August 2012, pp. 10-11.

[56] Dr Mark Parrish, Medical Director, Health Services, International Health and Medical Services, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 24 August 2012, p. 3.

[57] Dr Parbodh Chandar Gogna, Area Medical Director, Christmas Island, International Health and Medical Services, Official Committee Hansard, Christmas Island, 21 November 2012, pp. 10-15.

[58] Ms Joanna Fagan, Clinical Nurse Manager, Public Health and Ambulatory Care, Department of Health, Western Australia, and Western Australian Tuberculosis Control Program, Humanitarian Entrant Health Service, Official Committee Hansard, Perth, 8 August 2012, p. 6.

[59] Ms Joanna Fagan, Clinical Nurse Manager, Public Health and Ambulatory Care, Department of Health, Western Australia, and Western Australian Tuberculosis Control Program, Humanitarian Entrant Health Service, Official Committee Hansard, Perth, 8 August 2012, p. 6.

[60] Dr Julie Leanne Graham, Director of Public Health and Medicine, Indian Ocean Territories Health Service, Official Committee Hansard, Christmas Island, 21 November 2012, p. 11.

[61] Professor Scott Ritchie, Professorial Research Fellow, James Cook University, Official Committee Hansard, Cairns, 2 August 2012, p. 21.

[62] Dr Parbodh Chandar Gogna, Area Medical Director, Christmas Island, International Health and Medical Services, Official Committee Hansard, Christmas Island, 21 November 2012, pp. 10-16.

[63] Dr Jennifer Ruth Firman, Principal Medical Adviser, Office of Health Protection, Department of Health and Ageing, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 20 March 2012, p. 9.

[64] Dr Jennifer Ruth Firman, Principal Medical Adviser, Office of Health Protection, Department of Health and Ageing,, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 20 March 2012, p. 9.

[65] Professor Peter McIntyre, Director, National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 March 2012, p. 5.

[66] Dr Peter Gregory Markey, Head of Surveillance Section, Centre for Disease Control, Northern Territory Department of Health, Official Committee Hansard, Cairns, 2 August 2012, p. 16.

[67] Ms Carol Bennett, Chief Executive Officer, Consumers Health Forum of Australia, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 24 August 2012, p. 9. See also Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Australia’s health 2012, Australia’s health series no.13, Chapter 5.1 Health literacy, http://www.aihw.gov.au/publication-detail/?id=10737422172, viewed on 12 December 2012. Health literacy is defined at p. 183 of the report as ‘the knowledge and skills required to understand and use information relating to health issues such as drugs and alcohol, disease prevention and treatment, safety and accident prevention, first aid, emergencies and staying healthy.

[68] Ms Carol Bennett, Chief Executive Officer, Consumers Health Forum of Australia, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 24 August 2012, p. 9.

[69] Ms Carol Bennett, Chief Executive Officer, Consumers Health Forum of Australia, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 24 August 2012, p. 10.

[70] Ms Carol Bennett, Chief Executive Officer, Consumers Health Forum of Australia, correspondence to the Committee dated 6 September 2012.

[71] Dr Paul Armstrong, Director, Communicable Disease Control Directorate, Department of Health, Western Australia, Official Committee Hansard, Perth, 8 August 2012, p. 12.

[72] Dr Paul Armstrong, Director, Communicable Disease Control Directorate, Department of Health, Western Australia, Official Committee Hansard, Perth, 8 August 2012, p. 12.

[73] Ms Carol Bennett, Chief Executive Officer, Consumers Health Forum of Australia, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 24 August 2012, p. 10.

[74] Ms Carol Bennett, Chief Executive Officer, Consumers Health Forum of Australia, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 24 August 2012, p. 13.

[75] Ms Anna Greenwood, Consumers Health Forum of Australia, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 24 August 2012, p. 13.

[76] Ms Anna Greenwood, Consumers Health Forum of Australia, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 24 August 2012, p. 13. See also Ms Joanna Fagan, Clinical Nurse Manager, Public Health and Ambulatory Care, Department of Health, Western Australia, and Western Australian Tuberculosis Control Program, Humanitarian Entrant Health Service, Official Committee Hansard, Perth, 8 August 2012, p. 12.

[77] Councillor Kelvin Kok Bin Lee, Shire of Christmas Island, Official Committee Hansard, Christmas Island, 21 November 2012, p. 15.

[78] Councillor Kelvin Kok Bin Lee, Shire of Christmas Island, Official Committee Hansard, Christmas Island, 21 November 2012, p. 15.

[79] Mr Troy Sokoloff, Deputy Regional Manager, Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Official Committee Hansard, Christmas Island, 19 November 2012, p. 17.

Chapter 4 International cross-border issues

[1] Professor Tania Sorrell, Director, Sydney Institute for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 4.

[2] Tania Sorrell, Ben Marais, Lyn Gilbert and Michael Ward, One Planet – one health: moving towards sustainable solutions, Appendix B Tabled document 3.

[3] Tania Sorrell, Ben Marais, Lyn Gilbert and Michael Ward, One Planet – one health: moving towards sustainable solutions, Appendix B Tabled document 3.

[4] Dr Adam Kamradt-Scott, Senior Lecturer in International Security Studies, Centre for International Security Studies, University of Sydney, Official Committee Hansard, Cairns, 2 August 2012, p. 15.

[5] Professor William John Hannan McBride, Professor of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Physician, School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Official Committee Hansard, 2 August 2012, pp. 12-13.

[6] House of Representatives Standing Committee on Health and Ageing, Regional health issues jointly affecting Australia and the South Pacific: Report of the Australian Parliamentary Committee Delegation to Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands, March 2010, p. 18. See also Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, The Torres Strait Treaty, http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/torres_strait/, viewed on 17 December 2012.

[7] House of Representatives Standing Committee on Health and Ageing, Regional health issues jointly affecting Australia and the South Pacific: Report of the Australian Parliamentary Committee Delegation to Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands, March 2010, p. 18. See also Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, The Torres Strait Treaty, http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/torres_strait/, viewed on 17 December 2012.

[8] Mr Tim Chapman, First Assistant Secretary, Quarantine Operations, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 29.

[9] House of Representatives Standing Committee on Health and Ageing, Regional health issues jointly affecting Australia and the South Pacific: Report of the Australian Parliamentary Committee Delegation to Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands, March 2010, p. 5.

[10] Mr Tim Chapman, First Assistant Secretary, Quarantine Operations, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 28.

[11] Mr Tim Chapman, First Assistant Secretary, Quarantine Operations, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 28.

[12] Mr Miles Henderson, Acting Assistant Secretary, Border Security Policy, Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 28.

[13] Mr Tim Chapman, First Assistant Secretary, Quarantine Operations, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 28.

[14] World Health Organization, Tuberculosis, http://www.who.int/topics/tuberculosis/en/, viewed on 19 December 2012.

[15] World Health Organization, Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, http://www.who.int/features/qa/79/en/index.html, viewed on 19 December 2012.

[16] World Health Organization, Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, http://www.who.int/features/qa/79/en/index.html, viewed on 19 December 2012.

[17] Dr Justin Waring, Medical Director, Western Australian Tuberculosis Control Program, Chair, National Tuberculosis Advisory Committee, Official Committee Hansard, Perth, 8 August 2012, p. 4.

[18] Professor Tania Sorrell, Director, Sydney Institute for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 4.

[19] Dr Stephen Vincent, Director, Thoracic Medicine, Cairns Base Hospital, Official Committee Hansard, Cairns, 2 August 2012, p. 5.

[20] Dr Stephen Vincent, Director, Thoracic Medicine, Cairns Base Hospital, Official Committee Hansard, Cairns, 2 August 2012, p. 5.

[21] See Department of Health and Ageing, National Tuberculosis Advisory Committee, http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/cdna-ntac-pubs.htm, viewed on 21 December 2012.

[22] See Ms Caitlin Wilson, Assistant Director-General, PNG and Solomon Islands Branch, AusAID, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, pp. 24-25. See also AusAID, Tackling Tuberculosis in Western Province, Papua New Guinea: a long term approach to ensure effective and sustained TB services, October 2012.

[23] Ms Caitlin Wilson, Assistant Director-General, PNG and Solomon Islands Branch, AusAID, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, pp. 24-25.

[24] See, for example, Ms Caitlin Wilson, Assistant Director-General, PNG and Solomon Islands Branch, AusAID, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, pp. 24-25.

[25] See, for example, Dr Stephen Vincent, Director, Thoracic Medicine, Cairns Base Hospital, Official Committee Hansard, Cairns, 2 August 2012, pp. 5-6.

[26] Dr Stephen Vincent, Director, Thoracic Medicine, Cairns Base Hospital, Official Committee Hansard, Cairns, 2 August 2012, p. 10.

[27] Dr Justin Waring, Medical Director, Western Australian Tuberculosis Control Program, Chair, National Tuberculosis Advisory Committee, Official Committee Hansard, Perth, 8 August 2012, p. 6.

[28] Dr Justin Waring, Medical Director, Western Australian Tuberculosis Control Program, Chair, National Tuberculosis Advisory Committee, Official Committee Hansard, Perth, 8 August 2012, p. 4.

[29] Dr Mark Parrish, Medical Director, Health Services, International Health and Medical Services, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 24 August 2012, pp. 5-6.

[30] Dr Mark Parrish, Medical Director, Health Services, International Health and Medical Services, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 24 August 2012, p. 6.

[31] Dr Parbodh Chandar Gogna, Area Medical Director, Christmas Island, International Health and Medical Services, Official Committee Hansard, Christmas Island, 21 November 2012, pp. 10-11.

[32] Dr Julie Leanne Graham, Director of Public Health and Medicine, Indian Ocean Territories Health Service, Official Committee Hansard, Christmas Island, 21 November 2012, p. 10.

[33] Dr Julie Leanne Graham, Director of Public Health and Medicine, Indian Ocean Territories Health Service, Official Committee Hansard, Christmas Island, 21 November 2012, p. 11.

[34] House of Representatives Standing Committee on Health and Ageing (HAA), Regional health issues jointly affecting Australia and the South Pacific: Report of the Australian Parliamentary Committee Delegation to Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands, March 2010, pp. 22-24, http://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/House_of_Representatives_Committees?url=haa/./pacifichealth/report.htm.

[35] AusAID, Tackling Tuberculosis in Western Province, Papua New Guinea: a long term approach to ensure effective and sustained TB services, October 2012.

[36] ABC Four Corners, Rise of the Superbugs, transcript, http://www.abc.net.au/4corners/stories/2012/10/25/3618608.htm#transcript , viewed on 21 December 2012.

[37] AusAID, Evaluation of Risks of Tuberculosis in Western Province Papua New Guinea¸ September and October 2012, pp. 43-44.

[38] Joint AusAID-PNG Government Response to Evaluation of Risks of Tuberculosis in Western Province, November 2012.

[39] Joint AusAID-PNG Government Response to Evaluation of Risks of Tuberculosis in Western Province, November 2012.

[40] Professor Peter McIntyre, Director, National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 5.

[41] Dr David William Smith, Chair, Public Health Laboratory Network of Australia, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 36.

[42] Dr Laurens Manning, Associate Professor, Infectious Diseases, University of Western Australia, Official Committee Hansard, Perth, 8 August 2012, p. 11.

[43] Dr Justin Waring, Medical Director, Western Australian Tuberculosis Control Program, Chair, National Tuberculosis Advisory Committee, Official Committee Hansard, Perth, 8 August 2012, p. 11.

[44] Dr Laurens Manning, Associate Professor, Infectious Diseases, University of Western Australia, Official Committee Hansard, Perth, 8 August 2012, p. 2.

[45] Dr Laurens Manning, Associate Professor, Infectious Diseases, University of Western Australia, Official Committee Hansard, Perth, 8 August 2012, p. 2.

[46] Dr Paul Armstrong, Director, Communicable Disease Control Directorate, Department of Health, Western Australia, Official Committee Hansard, Perth, 8 August 2012, p. 8.

[47] Professor Geoffrey Shellam, Professor of Microbiology, University of Western Australia, Official Committee Hansard, Perth, 8 August 2012, pp. 18-19.

[48] Dr Kamalini Lokuge, Medical Epidemiologist, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, pp. 7-8.

[49] Professor Tania Sorrell, Director, Sydney Institute for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 8.

[50] Professor Geoffrey Shellam, Professor of Microbiology, University of Western Australia, Official Committee Hansard, Perth, 8 August 2012, p. 11.

[51] Professor Geoffrey Shellam, Professor of Microbiology, University of Western Australia, Official Committee Hansard, Perth, 8 August 2012, p. 19.

[52] Ms Jenny Da Rin, Assistant Director General, Education and Health Branch, AusAID, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 19.

[53] Ms Joanne Greenfield, Senior Health Specialist, AusAID, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 19.

[54] AusAID, Tackling Tuberculosis in Western Province, Papua New Guinea: a long term approach to ensure effective and sustained TB services, October 2012.

[55] Dr Deborah Lehmann, Principal Research Fellow, Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Official Committee Hansard, Perth, 8 August 2012, p. 4.

[56] Dr Clive Morris, Head, Research Group, National Health and Medical Research Council, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 37.

[57] Professor Tania Sorrell, Director, Sydney Institute for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 5.

[58] Professor Geoffrey Randolph Shellam, Professor of Microbiology, University of Western Australia, Official Committee Hansard, Perth, 8 August 2012, p. 11.

[59] Dr Clive Morris, Head, Research Group, National Health and Medical Research Council, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 37.

Chapter 5 Pandemic planning and preparedness

[1] Ms Megan Morris, First Assistant Secretary, Office of Health Protection, Department of Health and Ageing, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 20 March 2012, p. 5.

[2] Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, National Action Plan for Human Influenza Pandemic, p. 4, http://www.dpmc.gov.au/publications/pandemic/index.cfm, viewed on 7 January 2013.

[3] World Health Organization, Avian Influenza, http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/avian_influenza/en/index.html, viewed on 15 February 2013.

[4] World Health Organization, Avian Influenza, http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/avian_influenza/en/index.html, viewed on 15 February 2013.

[5] Dr Rodney Givney, Infectious Diseases Physician and Clinical Microbiologist, University of Newcastle, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 7.

[6] Dr Jenny Cupit, Acting Chief Veterinary Officer, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forrestry, Official Committee Hansard¸ Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 28.

[7] Department of Health and Ageing, FLUBORDERPLAN, February 2009, http://www.flupandemic.gov.au/internet/panflu/publishing.nsf/Content/fluborderplan, viewed on 9 January 2013.

[8] Department of Health and Ageing, National Health Emergency Response Arrangements, November 2011, p. 4, http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/ohp-response-arrangement-nov11, viewed 9 January 2013.

[9] See Department of Health and Ageing, National Pandemic Influenza Exercise – Exercise Cumpston 06 Report, 2007, p. 10, http://www.flupandemic.gov.au/internet/panflu/publishing.nsf/Content/cumpston-report-1, viewed on 10 January 2013.

[10] Ms Megan Morris, First Assistant Secretary, Office of Health Protection, Department of Health and Ageing, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 20 March 2012, p. 5.

[11] Dr Jennifer Ruth Firman, Principal Medical Adviser, Office of Health Protection, Department of Health and Ageing, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 20 March 2012, p. 40.

[12] Professor Adrian Sleigh, Professor of Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Official Committee Hansard, 25 May 2012, p. 2.

[13] Dr Paul Armstrong, Director, Communicable Disease Control Directorate, Department of Health, Western Australia, Official Committee Hansard, Perth, 8 August 2012, p. 7.

[14] Dr Paul Armstrong, Director, Communicable Disease Control Directorate, Department of Health, Western Australia, Official Committee Hansard, Perth, 8 August 2012, p. 7.

[15] Ms Megan Morris, First Assistant Secretary, Office of Health Protection, Department of Health and Ageing, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 20 March 2012, p. 5.

[16] Mr Simon Cotterell, Assistant Secretary, International Strategies Branch, Portfolio Strategies Division, Department of Health and Ageing, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 20 March 2012, p. 6.

[17] ‘All Hazards Approach’ is defined further by the Attorney-General’s Department, as concerning arrangements for managing the large range of possible effects of risks and emergencies, noting that a large range of risks can cause similar problems and such measures as warning, evacuation, medical services and community recovery will be required during and following emergencies. For more see Emergency Management Approaches, http://www.em.gov.au/Emergencymanagement/Pages/EmergencyManagementApproaches.aspx, viewed 18 February 2013.

[18] Dr Gary Lum, Assistant Secretary, Department of Health and Ageing, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 45.

[19] Ms Megan Morris, First Assistant Secretary, Office of Health Protection, Department of Health and Ageing, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 46.

[20] Department of Health and Ageing, National Pandemic Influenza Exercise – Exercise Cumpston 06 Report, 2007, p. 1, http://www.flupandemic.gov.au/internet/panflu/publishing.nsf/Content/cumpston-report-1, viewed on 10 January 2013.

[21] Department of Health and Ageing, National Pandemic Influenza Exercise – Exercise Cumpston 06 Report, 2007, p. iii, http://www.flupandemic.gov.au/internet/panflu/publishing.nsf/Content/cumpston-report-1, viewed on 10 January 2013.

[22] Department of Health and Ageing, National Pandemic Influenza Exercise – Exercise Cumpston 06 Report, 2007, p. 1, http://www.flupandemic.gov.au/internet/panflu/publishing.nsf/Content/cumpston-report-1, viewed on 10 January 2013.

[23] Department of Health and Ageing, National Pandemic Influenza Exercise – Exercise Cumpston 06 Report, 2007, p. 3, http://www.flupandemic.gov.au/internet/panflu/publishing.nsf/Content/cumpston-report-1, viewed on 10 January 2013.

[24] Council of Australian Governments, Exercise Sustain 08 Overview, 2009, p. 7, http://www.dpmc.gov.au/publications/pandemic/index.cfm, viewed on 10 January 2013.

[25] Council of Australian Governments, Exercise Sustain 08 Overview, 2009, p. 7, http://www.dpmc.gov.au/publications/pandemic/index.cfm, viewed on 10 January 2013.

[26] Council of Australian Governments, Exercise Sustain 08 Overview, 2009, p. 16, http://www.dpmc.gov.au/publications/pandemic/index.cfm, viewed on 10 January 2013.

[27] Council of Australian Governments, Exercise Sustain 08 Overview, 2009, p. 7, http://www.dpmc.gov.au/publications/pandemic/index.cfm, viewed on 10 January 2013.

[28] Council of Australian Governments, Exercise Sustain 08 Overview, 2009, p. 7, http://www.dpmc.gov.au/publications/pandemic/index.cfm, viewed on 10 January 2013.

[29] Department of Health and Ageing, National Pandemic Influenza Exercise – Exercise Cumpston 06 Report, 2007, p. 63, http://www.flupandemic.gov.au/internet/panflu/publishing.nsf/Content/cumpston-report-1, viewed on 10 January 2013.

[30] Ms Carol Bennett, Chief Executive Officer, Consumers Health Forum of Australia, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 24 August 2012, p. 10.

[31] Professor Geoffrey Randolph Shellam, Professor of Microbiology, University of Western Australia, Official Committee Hansard, Perth, 8 August 2012, pp. 8-9.

[32] Ms Linda Forbes, Manager, Policy and Communications, Australian Federation of AIDS Organisations, Official Committee Hansard, Cairns, 2 August 2012, p. 7.

[33] Professor John Horvath, Review of the management of adverse events associated with Panvax and Fluvax, Final Report 10 March 2011. See Ms Carol Bennett, Chief Executive Officer, Consumers Health Forum of Australia, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 24 August 2012, p. 10.

[34] Ms Carol Bennett, Chief Executive Officer, Consumers Health Forum of Australia, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 24 August 2012, p. 10.

[35] Ms Carol Bennett, Chief Executive Officer, Consumers Health Forum of Australia, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 24 August 2012, p. 11.

[36] Ms Carol Bennett, Chief Executive Officer, Consumers Health Forum of Australia, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 24 August 2012, p. 10.

[37] Department of Health and Ageing, Health Emergency Preparedness Response: National Medical Stockpile Fact Sheet, http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/health-pubhlth-strateg-bio-factsht_stckpile.htm, viewed 19 February 2013.

[38] Department of Health and Ageing, Health Emergency Preparedness Response: National Medical Stockpile Fact Sheet, http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/health-pubhlth-strateg-bio-factsht_stckpile.htm, viewed 19 February 2013.

[39] Ms Maria Jolly, Assistant Secretary, Health Protection and Surveillance Branch, Office of Health Protection, Department of Health and Ageing, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 20 March 2012, pp. 6-7.

[40] Prime Minister's Science, Engineering and Innovation Council (PMSEIC) Expert Working Group, Epidemics in a Changing World, 5 June 2009, http://www.innovation.gov.au/Science/PMSEIC/Pages/PapersandPublications.aspx.

[41] Prime Minister's Science, Engineering and Innovation Council (PMSEIC) Expert Working Group, Epidemics in a Changing World, 5 June 2009, p. xi, http://www.innovation.gov.au/Science/PMSEIC/Pages/PapersandPublications.aspx.

[42] Dr Jennifer Firman, Principal Medical Adviser, Office of Health Protection, Department of Health and Ageing,, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, pp. 47-48.

[43] Dr David Smith, Chair, Public Health Laboratory Network, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 48.

[44] Dr David Smith, Chair, Public Health Laboratory Network, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 48.

[45] Professor Adrian Sleigh, Professor of Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 2.

[46] Professor John McBride, Professor of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Physician, School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Official Committee Hansard, 2 August 2012, p. 21.

[47] Professor Geoffrey Randolph Shellam, Professor of Microbiology, University of Western Australia, Official Committee Hansard, Perth, 8 August 2012, p. 11.

[48] Professor Adrian Sleigh, Professor of Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 11.

[49] Professor Adrian Sleigh, Professor of Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 11.

[50] Professor Adrian Sleigh, Professor of Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 11. See also, Professor Jonathan Carapetis, Director, Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Official Committee Hansard, Perth, 8 August 2012, pp. 14-15.

[51] See Dr Paul Armstrong, Communicable Disease Control Directorate, Department of Health, Western Australia, and Professor Jonathan Carapetis, Director, Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Official Committee Hansard, Perth, 8 August 2012, pp. 14-15.

[52] Dr Kamalini Lokuge, Medical Epidemiologist, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 13.

[53] Dr Paul Armstrong, Director, Communicable Disease Control Directorate, Department of Health, Western Australia, Official Committee Hansard, Perth, 8 August 2012, p. 15.

[54] Professor Jonathan Carapetis, Director, Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Official Committee Hansard, Perth, 8 August 2012, p. 15.

[55] Australian National University, NEW Master of Philosophy (Applied Epidemiology), http://nceph.anu.edu.au/education/research-degree/new-master-philosophy-applied-epidemiology, viewed 20 February 2013.

[56] Dr Paul Armstrong, Director, Communicable Disease Control Directorate, Department of Health, Western Australia, Official Committee Hansard, Perth, 8 August 2012, p. 14.

[57] Dr David Smith, Chair, Public Health Laboratory Network, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 37.

[58] Dr David Smith, Chair, Public Health Laboratory Network, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 37.

[59] Dr David Smith, Chair, Public Health Laboratory Network, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, pp. 37-38.

[60] Dr Adam Kamradt-Scott, Senior Lecturer in International Security Studies, Centre for International Security Studies, University of Sydney, Official Committee Hansard, Cairns, 2 August 2012, p. 19.

[61] Professor John McBride, Professor of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Physician, School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Official Committee Hansard, 2 August 2012, p. 20.

[62] Professor Geoffrey Shellam, Professor of Microbiology, University of Western Australia, Official Committee Hansard, Perth, 8 August 2012, p. 9.

[63] Professor Geoffrey Shellam, Professor of Microbiology, University of Western Australia, Official Committee Hansard, Perth, 8 August 2012, p. 11.

[64] Dr Clive Morris, Head, Research Group, National Health and Medical Research Council, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 37.

Chapter 6 Does Australia need a national centre for communicable disease control?

[1] Dr Deborah Lehmann, Principal Research Fellow, Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Official Committee Hansard, Perth, 8 August 2012, p. 2.

[2] For further information see their website, Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, www.cdc.gov, viewed on 21 February 2013.

[3] Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC Organization, http://www.cdc.gov/about/organization/cio.htm, viewed on 21 February 2013.

[4] Public Health Association of Australia Incorporated, Does Australia need a national centre for disease control? Appendix B Tabled document 2, http://phaa.net.au/submissions.php, viewed on 25 February 2013.

[5] Ms Megan Morris, First Assistant Secretary, Office of Health Protection, Department of Health and Ageing, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 20 March 2012, p. 2.

[6] Ms Megan Morris, First Assistant Secretary, Office of Health Protection, Department of Health and Ageing, Official Committee Hansard, 20 March 2012, pp. 5-6.

[7] Dr Deborah Lehmann, Principal Research Fellow, Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Official Committee Hansard, Perth, 8 August 2012, p. 10.

[8] Professor Peter McIntyre, Director of the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases, Official Committee Hansard, 25 May 2012, p. 9.

[9] Associated Professor Thomas Gottlieb, President of the Australian Society for Antimicrobials, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 11.

[10] Professor Geoffrey Randolph Shellam, Professor of Microbiology, University of Western Australia, Official Committee Hansard, Perth, 8 August 2012, p. 10.

[11] Professor Jonathan Carapetis, Director, Telethon Institute of Child Health Research, Official Committee Hansard, Perth, 8 August 2012, p. 18.

[12] Professor Jonathan Carapetis, Director, Telethon Institute of Child Health Research, Official Committee Hansard, Perth, 8 August 2012, p. 13. The Committee received a paper from Professor Carapetis during the public roundtable in Perth, entitled Australia Needs a National Centre for Communicable Diseases. Appendix B Tabled document 8.

[13] Dr Kamalini Lokuge, Medical Epidemiologist, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 12.

[14] Dr Paul Armstrong, Director, Communicable Disease Control Directorate, Department of Health, Western Australian, Official Committee Hansard, Perth, 8 August 2012, p. 7.

[15] Ms Megan Morris, First Assistant Secretary, Office of Health Protection, Department of Health and Ageing, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 March 2012, pp. 48-49.

[16] Ms Megan Morris, First Assistant Secretary, Office of Health Protection, Department of Health and Ageing, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 20 March 2012, p. 2.

[17] Dr Jennifer Ruth Firman, Principal Medical Adviser, Department of Health and Ageing, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, pp. 49-50.

[18] Ms Megan Morris, First Assistant Secretary, Office of Health Protection, Department of Health and Ageing, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 20 March 2012, p. 2.

[19] The Committee was told in correspondence from DoHA received by the Committee Secretariat via e-mail on 2 November 2012 that the National Communicable Disease Framework would be completed in the second half of 2013 at the earliest.

[20] Dr Richard Gair, Public Health Medical Officer, Queensland Health, Official Committee Hansard, Cairns, 2 August 2012, p. 17.

[21] Public Health Association of Australia Incorporated, Does Australia need a national centre for disease control? Appendix B Tabled document 2, http://phaa.net.au/submissions.php, viewed on 25 February 2013.

[22] Dr Paul Armstrong, Director, Communicable Disease Control Directorate, Department of Health, Western Australia, Official Committee Hansard, Perth, 8 August 2012, p. 10.

[23] Adjunct Professor Michael Moore, Chief Executive Officer of the Public Health Association of Australia Incorporated, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 18.

[24] Professor Peter McIntyre, Director of the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 12.

[25] Professor Peter McIntyre, Director, National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 6.

[26] Dr Adam Kamradt-Scott, Senior Lecturer, in International Security Studies, Centre for International Security Studies, University of Sydney, Official Committee Hansard, Cairns, 2 August 2012, p. 18.

[27] Professor Jonathan Carapetis, Director, Telethon Institute of Child Health Research, Official Committee Hansard, Perth, 8 August 2012, p. 13.

[28] Associate Professor Thomas Gottlieb, President of the Australian Society for Antimicrobials, Official Committee Hansard, Canberra, 25 May 2012, p. 11.

[29] The Kirby Institute is affiliated with the University of New South Wales Faculty of Medicine. Its primary functions relate to the co-ordination of national surveillance programs, population health and epidemiological research, clinical research and clinical trials.

[30] Dr Peter Markey, Head of Surveillance Section, Centre for Disease Control, Northern Territory Department of Health, Official Committee Hansard, Cairns, 2 August 2012, p. 18.

[31] Professor Scott Ritchie, Professorial Research Fellow, James Cook University, Official Committee Hansard, Cairns, 2 August 2012, p. 20.

[32] Dr Paul Armstrong, Director, Communicable Disease Control Directorate, Department of Health, Western Australia, Official Committee Hansard, Perth, 8 August 2012, p. 18.

[33] Professor Geoffrey Randolph Shellam, Professor of Microbiology, University of Western Australia, Official Committee Hansard, Perth, 8 August 2012, p. 11.

[34] As well as drawing from the evidence provided during the roundtable discussions, the Committee has also considered Adjunct Professor Michael Moore’s paper, Does Australia need a national centre for disease control?, provided to the Committee on 25 May 2012 and Professor Carapetis’ paper, Australia needs a national centre for communicable diseases, provided to the Committee on 8 August 2012, in the development of these recommendations. Appendix B Tabled documents 2 and 8.