Footnotes

Chapter 1 - Introduction

[1]        Clean Energy Regulator, answer to question on notice, 19 May 2015 (received 10 June 2015).

[2]        Requested from the Parliamentary Library, received 12 February 2015

[3]        Clean Energy Regulator, Register of Large scale Generation Certificates, as of 3 June 2014. See Australian Government, RET Review Report, August 2014 https://retreview.dpmc.gov.au/212-generation (accessed 20 June 2015).

[4]        In 2013, the LRET accounted for around 13 100 GWh. Wind accounted for 8 233 GWh. See Australian Government, RET Review Report, August 2014 https://retreview.dpmc.gov.au/212-generation (accessed 20 June 2015).

[5]        Australian Energy Market Operator, South Australian Electricity Report, August 2014, p. 28.

[6]        See: Australian Energy Market Operator, Wind Turbine Plant Capabilities Report, 2013. Also, Mr John McMahon, President, Wind Industry Reform Victoria, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 June 2015, p. 66.

[7]        Senate Select Committee on Wind Turbines, Interim Report, June 2015, pp vii–viii, https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Wind_Turbines/Wind_Turbines/Interim_Report (accessed 20 July 2015).

[8]        The 2012 Senate Environment Legislation Committee inquiry into the provisions of the Renewable Energy (Electricity) Amendment (Excessive Noise from Wind Farms) Bill 2012 held one public hearing and received 217 submissions. The 2011 Senate Community Affairs References Committee inquiry conducted five public hearings and received 1018 submissions.

[9]        The Hon. Greg Hunt MP, Minister for the Environment, 'Attachment A: Addressing community concerns about wind farms', Tabled in the Senate, 23 June 2015.

[10]      The Hon. Greg Hunt MP, Minister for the Environment, 'Attachment B: Measures to enhance the uptake of large scale solar, other renewable energy technologies and energy efficiency', Tabled in the Senate, 23 June 2015.

[11]      Mr Andrew Richards, Chief Executive Officer, Pacific Hydro, Proof Committee Hansard, Portland, 30 March 2015, p. 16.

[12]      Mr Andrew Richards, Chief Executive Officer, Pacific Hydro, Proof Committee Hansard, Portland, 30 March 2015, p. 19.

[13]      —first do no harm.

[14]      See, for example: Ms Jackie Rovensky, Submission 89, p 8; Mrs Lee Schwerdtfeger, Submission 459, p. 10; Mr Richard Paltridge, Submission 367, p. 1.

[15]      The Senate, Standing Orders and other orders of the Senate, February 2014, Privilege Resolution 6(10)

[16]      The Senate, Standing Orders and other orders of the Senate, February 2014, Privilege Resolution 6(11)

[17]      Dr Rosemary Laing, Clerk of the Senate, Advice to the Senate Community Affairs References Committee, 12 November 2010.

Chapter 2 - The need for more evidence-based health advice on the impact of wind turbines on human health

[1]        The Acoustic Group, The results of an acoustic testing program Cape Bridgewater Wind Farm, 44.5100.R7:MSC, prepared for Energy Pacific (Vic) Pty Ltd, http://www.pacifichydro.com.au/files/2015/01/Cape-Bridgewater-Acoustic-Report.pdf (accessed 20 July 2015). Other submitters to this inquiry, in addition to Mr Steven Cooper, have recognised the importance of identifying the unique wind turbine signature. See for example: Professor Robert McMurtry, Proof Committee Hansard, Sydney, 29 June 2015, p. 10.

[2]        Senate Select Committee on Wind Turbines, Interim Report, June 2015, pp vii–viii, https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Wind_Turbines/Wind_Turbines/Interim_Report (accessed 20 July 2015).

[3]        Dr Sarah Laurie, Proof Committee Hansard, Sydney, 29 June 2015, p. 40.

[4]        Dr Sarah Laurie, Proof Committee Hansard, Sydney, 29 June 2015, p. 42.

[5]        Ms Janet Hetherington, Proof Committee Hansard, Portland, 30 March 2015, p. 48.

[6]        Ms Anne Gardner, Proof Committee Hansard, Portland, 30 March 2015, p. 47.

[7]        Mr Clive Gare, Proof Committee Hansard, Adelaide, 10 June 2015, p. 57. See also: Mr and Mrs Clive and Trina Gare, Submission 222.

[8]        Mr John Pollard, Proof Committee Hansard, Portland, 30 March 2015, p. 48.

[9]        Waubra is 33 kilometres north-west of Ballarat.

[10]      Mr Donald Thomas, Proof Committee Hansard, Melbourne, 9 June 2015, p. 17.

[11]      Mr Peter Jelbert, Proof Committee Hansard, Portland, 30 March 2015, pp 71–72.

[12]      Ms Lilli-Ann Green, Proof Committee Hansard, Sydney, 29 June 2015, p. 3. See also: Ms Lilli-Ann Green, Submission 467.

[13]      Mr Jay Tibbetts, Submission 64, p. 1.

[14]      Institute of Acoustics, A good practice guide to the application of ETSU-R-97 for the assessment and rating of wind turbine noise, June 2013, http://www.ioa.org.uk/sites/default/files/IOA%20Good%20Practice%20Guide%20on%20Wind%20Turbine%20Noise%20-%20May%202013.pdf (accessed 13 July 2015). dBA is an 'abbreviation for the decibel level of a sound that has been A-weighted'. A-weighting is 'a filter that represents the frequency response of the human ear'.

[15]      Professor Robert McMurtry, Submission 146, pp 19–20.

[16]      Professor Robert McMurtry, Proof Committee Hansard, Sydney, 29 June 2015, pp 6–7;
Professor Robert McMurtry, Submission 146, pp 10 and 12.

[17]      Professor Simon Chapman, Proof Committee Hansard, Sydney, 29 June 2015, p. 28.

[18]      Dr Malcolm Swinbanks, Submission 189, p. 6.

[19]      See: Professor Simon Chapman, Committee Hansard, Sydney, 29 June 2015, p. 28.

[20]      See: Professor Simon Chapman, Committee Hansard, Sydney, 29 June 2015, p. 28.

[21]      There are various relevant sources:

•    Ms Lilli Green's slides and oral evidence, Proof Committee Hansard, Sydney, 29 June 2015 and Submission 467;

•    The following Danish sources: Mr Mauri Johansson, Submission 385; Ms Greta Gallandy-Jakobsen, Submission 380; and Mr Bak Olesen, Submission 416;

•    There is also scientific evidence from studies conducted in Scandinavia which illustrate that 'annoyance' and sleep deprivation are reported as issues in residents exposed to wind turbine noise. These are referenced in the NHMRC's literature reviews. See: https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/_files_nhmrc/publications/attachments/eh54_systematic_review_of_the_human_health_effects_of_wind_farms_december_2013.pdf (accessed 5 July 2015). See also: NHMRC, Information Paper: Evidence on Wind Farms and Human Health, 2015 www.nhmrc.gov.au/guidelines/publications/eh57; and

•    Inagaki, T., Li, Y., Nishi, Y., 'Analysis of aerodynamic sound noise generated by a large-scaled wind turbine and its physiological evaluation', International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 12, Issue 6, pp 1933–1944.

[22]      Correspondence from Dr Ramin Parsa-Parsi, Head of International Affairs, German Medical Association, received 15 June 2015.

[23]      Dr Bruce Rapley, Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 19 June 2015, p. 9.

[24]      See: Professor Simon Chapman, Committee Hansard, Sydney, 29 June 2015, p. 28.

[25]      Dr Robert Thorne, Proof Committee Hansard, Cairns, 18 May 2015, p. 44. See also the evidence of Mr Norman Allan, Proof Committee Hansard, Sydney, 29 June 2015, p. 63.

[26]      See also the evidence of Mr David Mortimer, Submission 24; Mr William Quinn, Submission 118, p. 3; Mr Luke and Leonie Martin, Submission 356, p. 2; Mr Colin Schaefer, Submission 165, p. 1;

[27]      See: Ms Jenny Holcombe, Submission 336, p. 2.

[28]      Google Scholar lists 23 300 results

[29]      Leventhall, G, “Wind Turbine Syndrome, An appraisal”, 26 August 2009, pp. 10-11, Exhibit 18 in the  Application of Wisconsin Electric Power Company for a Certificate of Public Convenience and Necessity to Construct a Wind Electric Generation Facility and Associated Electric Facilities, to be Located in the Towns of Randolph and Scott, Columbia County, Wisconsin, before the Public Service Commission Wisconsin, Docket Number 6630-CE-302, < http://psc.wi.gov/apps35/ERF_view/viewdoc.aspx?docid=122161>, (accessed 30 July 2015).

Evidence given by Dr Leventhall under cross-examination by Mr Gillespie, Katie Brenda Erickson and Chatham-Kent wind Action Inc. and Director, Ministry of the Environment and Suncor Energy Services Inc. (Kent Breeze Wind Farms), Environmental Review Tribunal, Case Nos.: 10-121/122 , transcript of proceedings, 11 March 2011, Vol 10, p. 79 et. seq.

[30]      Leventhall, G, “Wind Turbine Syndrome, An appraisal”, 26 August 2009, pp. 10–11.

[31]      Senate Environment and Communications Legislation Committee, Inquiry Into the Renewable Energy (Electricity) Amendment (Excessive Noise from Wind Farms) Bill 2012, November 2012, https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Environment_and_Communications/Completed%20inquiries/2010-13/renewableenergy2012/index (accessed 20 July 2015).

Senate Community Affairs References Committee Inquiry Into the Social and Economic Impact of Rural Wind Farms, June 2011, https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Community_Affairs/Completed_inquiries/2010-13/impactruralwindfarms/index (accessed 20 July 2015).

[32]      Judgement against Vestas in the amount of Dkr 500,000 (A$93,439), High Court of Western Denmark, 2014.

[33]      Davis v Tinsley, Watts, Fenland Windfarms Ltd, EDF Energy PLC & Fenland Green Power Co-operative Ltd, before Mr Justice Hickinbottom in the High Court (Queens Bench Division), confidentially settled. Joint press release http://filesdown.esecure.co.uk/FenlandGreen/Fens_Co-op_-_Press_Release_301111.pdf_01122011-1009-38.pdf (accessed 13 July 2015).

[34]      Town of Falmouth vs Town of Falmouth Zoning Board of Appeals & others, Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Barnstable, ss Superior Court, November 21, 2013 before Justice Muse.

Judgement of the Supreme Court of Justice (Portugal), 30 May 2013, 2209/08. 0TBTVD.L1.S1, http://www.dgsi.pt/jstj.nsf/954f0ce6ad9dd8b980256b5f003fa814/4559d6d733d1589780257b7b004d464b (accessed 13 July 2015).
Sowers v Forest Hills Subdivision & Ors, Supreme Court of Nevada, 14 February 2013, No. 58609.

[35]      See: Dr Geoffrey Leventhall, Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 23 June 2015, pp 9–14.

[36]      Dr Geoffrey Leventhall, Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 23 June 2015, p. 14.

[37]      Dr Sarah Laurie, Proof Committee Hansard, Sydney, 29 June 2015, p. 39.

[39]      Professor Alec Salt, Cochlear Fluids Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology Washington University School of Medicine, August 2013, Washington University http://oto2.wustl.edu/cochlea/resp.htm (accessed 9 July 2015).

[40]      Inagaki, T., Li, Y., Nishi, Y., 'Analysis of aerodynamic sound noise generated by a large-scaled wind turbine and its physiological evaluation', International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 12, Issue 6, pp 1933–1944.

[41]      Pacific Hydro, Additional Information no. 10, received 24 April 2015, published on the committee's website.

[42]      Australian Medical Association, Wind farms and human health—2014, https://ama.com.au/position-statement/wind-farms-and-health-2014 (accessed 10 July 2015).

[43]      Mr Geoff McPherson, Additional Information no. 16, received 1 May 2015, p. 2.

[44]      Mr Geoff McPherson, Additional Information no. 16, received 1 May 2015, p. 1.

[45]      Mr Andrew and Mrs Ann Gardner, Submission 208a, p. [132].

[46]      Mr Ron and Mrs Chris Jelbart, Submission 152, p. 4.

[47]      Acciona Energy Australia Global Pty Ltd, Submission 294, p. [4].

[48]      Infigen, Submission 425, p. 9.

[49]      Ms Jackie Rovensky, Submission 89, p. 4,

[50]      Mr Geoff McPherson, Additional documents no. 16, received 18 May 2015, pp 2–3.

[51]      Ms Samantha Robertson, Executive Director, Evidence, Advice and Governance Branch, National Health and Medical Research Council, Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 19 June 2015, p. 13.

[52]      Mr Greg Chemello, Deputy Director General, Queensland Department of Infrastructure, Planning and Local Government, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 May 2015, p. 24.

[53]      NHMRC, Submission 102, p. 7.

[54]      NHMRC, Submission 102, p. 6.

[55]      Wind Turbines and Health—A Rapid Review of the Evidence, July 2010, https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/_files_nhmrc/publications/attachments/eh53_evidence_review_wind_turbines_health_0.pdf (accessed 10 April 2015).

[56]      National Health and Medical Research Council, NHMRC Statement: Evidence on Wind Farms and Human Health, https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/_files_nhmrc/publications/attachments/eh57_nhmrc_statement_wind_farms_human_health_0.pdf (accessed 10 July 2015).

[57]      National Health and Medical Research Council, 2010 NHMRC Public Statement: Wind Turbines and Health, https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/guidelines-publications/eh53 (accessed 10 July 2015).

[58]      NHMRC, Submission 102, p. 6.

[59]      NHMRC, Submission 102, p. 6.

[60]      Ms Samantha Robertson, Executive Director, Evidence, Advice and Governance Branch, National Health and Medical Research Council, Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 19 June 2015, p. 14. Emphasis added

[61]      Ms Samantha Robertson, Executive Director, Evidence, Advice and Governance Branch, National Health and Medical Research Council, Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 19 June 2015, p. 13.

[62]      Ms Samantha Robertson, Executive Director, Evidence, Advice and Governance Branch, National Health and Medical Research Council, Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 19 June 2015, p. 14.

[63]      National Health and Medical Research Council, NHMRC Statement and Information Paper: Evidence on Wind Farms and Human Health, https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/guidelines-publications/eh57 (accessed 1 July 2015).

[64]      Senate Environment and Communications Legislation Committee, Renewable Energy (Electricity) Amendment (Excessive Noise from Wind Farms) Bill 2012,    https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Environment_and_Communications/Completed%20inquiries/2010-13/renewableenergy2012/report/~/media/wopapub/senate/committee/ec_ctte/completed_inquiries/2010-13/renewable_energy_2012/report/report.ashx (accessed 10 April 2015).

[65]      National Health and Medical Research Council, NHMRC Statement and Information Paper: Evidence on Wind Farms and Human Health, https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/guidelines-publications/eh57 (accessed 10 July 2015).

[66]      National Health and Medical Research Council, NHMRC Statement: Evidence on Wind Farms and Human Health, February 2015,   https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/_files_nhmrc/publications/attachments/eh57_nhmrc_statement_wind_farms_human_health_0.pdf  (accessed 10 July 2015).

[67]      Emphasis added

[68]      National Health and Medical Research Council, NHMRC Statement: Evidence on Wind Farms and Human Health, February 2015.

[69]      National Health and Medical Research Council, NHMRC Statement: Evidence on Wind Farms and Human Health, February 2015.

[70]      Professor Paddy Phillips, Proof Committee Hansard, Adelaide, 10 June 2015, p. 44.

[71]      Professor Paddy Phillips, Proof Committee Hansard, Adelaide, 10 June 2015, p. 44.

[72]      Ms Samantha Robertson, Executive Director, Evidence, Advice and Governance Branch, National Health and Medical Research Council, Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 19 June 2015, p. 15.

[73]      Graham Lloyd, 'Health research body to fund wind-farm studies', The Australian, 13 February 2015. See also: Mrs Angela Kearns, Submission 40.

[74]      Mrs Angela Kearns, Submission 40, p. 1.

[75]      Dr Sarah Laurie, Proof Committee Hansard, Sydney, 29 June 2015, p. 40.

[76]      Mr Peter Mitchell, Committee Hansard, Melbourne, 9 June 2015, p. 16.

[77]      Dr Daniel Shepherd, Submission 75, p. 1.

[78]      Ms Jacqueline Rovensky, Submission 89, p. 3.

[79]      Mrs Angela Kearns, Submission 40, p. 1.

[80]      Mr George Papadopolous, Submission 28, p. 2.

[81]      Emeritus Professor Colin Hansen, Submission 50, p. 2.

[82]      Dr Christopher Hanning, Submission 55, p. 3.

[83]      Mr George Papadopolous, Submission 28, p. 2.

[84]      Pyrenees Shire Council, Submission 47, p. [4].

[85]      Dr Michael Crawford, Submission 316d, pp 3–4. Defects in 2015 NHMRC Review into Wind Farms and Human Health, 23 March 2015.

[86]      Parkesbourne/Mummel Landscape Guardians, Submission 119, p. 88.

[87]      Dr Gary Hopkins, Proof Committee Hansard, Adelaide, 10 June 2015, p. 62.

[88]      Ms Jacqueline Rovensky, Proof Committee Hansard, Adelaide, 10 June 2015, p. 64.

[89]      The Association of Australian Acoustical Consultants, http://www.aaac.org.au/au/aaac/default.aspx (accessed 3 July 2015).

[90]      Mr Chris Turnbull, Director, Sonus; and Chair, Wind Farm Subcommittee of the ACCC, Proof Committee Hansard, Adelaide, 10 June 2015, p. 1.

[91]      See: AAAC, Response to question on notice 1, dated 1 June 2015. Available on the committee's website.

[92]      Dr Bruce Rapley, Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 19 June 2015, p. 8.

[93]      Associate Professor Simon Carlisle, Proof Committee Hansard, 29 June 2015, Sydney, p. 69.

[94]      Dr Robert Thorne, Proof Committee Hansard, Cairns, 18 May 2015, p. 42.

[95]      Dr Robert Thorne, Proof Committee Hansard, Cairns, 18 May 2015, p. 47.

[96]      Dr Renzo Tonin, representative of the Wind Farm Subcommittee of the ACCC, Proof Committee Hansard, Adelaide, 10 June 2015, pp 5–6.

[97]      Dr Renzo Tonin, representative of the Wind Farm Subcommittee of the ACCC, Proof Committee Hansard, Adelaide 10 June 2015, p. 11.

[98]      Mr Chris Turnbull, Director, Sonus, and Chair, Wind Farm Subcommittee of the ACCC, Proof Committee Hansard, Adelaide, 10 June 2015, p. 20.

[99]      Mr Peter Mitchell, Proof Committee Hansard, Melbourne, 9 June 2015, pp 16–17.

[100]    Dr Robert Thorne, Proof Committee Hansard, Cairns, 18 May 2015, p. 46.

[101]    Dr Michael Crawford, Submission 316d, p. 7. Defects in 2015 NHMRC Review into Wind Farms and Human Health, 23 March 2015

[102]    Dr Andrew Bell, Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 19 May 2015, p. 17.

[103]    Dr Andrew Bell, 'Constructive interference of tonal infrasound from synchronised wind farm turbines: Evidence and implications', Acoustics Australia, Vol. 42, No. 3, December 2014, p. 217.

[104]    Professor Andrew Hansen, Proof Committee Hansard, 10 June 2015

[105]    Dr Andrew Bell, Proof Committee Hansard, 19 May 2015, p. 20.

[106]    Dr Andrew Bell, Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 19 May 2015, p. 22. See also: Dr Andrew Bell, Answer to question on notice no. 5, p. 2, (received 14 June 2015)

[107]    Dr Andrew Bell, Answer to question on notice, no. 13, p. 6, (received 14 June 2015)

[108]    Dr Robert McMurtry, Proof Committee Hansard, Sydney, 29 June 2015, p. 8.

[109]    Dr Malcolm Swinbanks, Submission 189, pp 20–21.

Chapter 3 - Planning issues

[1]        NSW Department of Planning and Infrastructure, NSW Planning Guidelines: Wind Farms, December 2011, http://www.planning.nsw.gov.au/Portals/0/PolicyAndLegislation/NSW_ Wind_Farm_Guidelines_Web_Dec2011.pdf  (accessed 20 July 2015).

Queensland Department of State Development, Infrastructure and Planning, Wind farm state code: Planning guideline – draft for consultation, April 2014, http://www.dilgp.qld.gov.au/ resources/guideline/draft-wind-farm-state-code-planning-guideline-april-2014.pdf  (accessed 29 January 2015).

          Western Australian Planning Commission, Planning Bulletin – Guidelines for Wind Farm Development, April 2004, http://www.planning.wa.gov.au/dop_pub_pdf/pb67May04.pdf  (accessed 29 January 2015).

          Renewables SA, Wind Farm Planning Policy, http://www.renewablessa.sa.gov.au/proponents-guide/wind-farms (accessed 29 January 2015).

          Victorian Department of Transport, Planning and Local Infrastructure, Wind Energy Facilities, website, http://www.dtpli.vic.gov.au/planning/planning-applications/more-information-on-permits/wind-energy-facilities (accessed 30 January 2015).

[2]        Victorian Department of Transport, Planning and Local Infrastructure website, Policy and Planning Guidelines for Development of Wind Energy Facilities in Victoria, June 2015, http://www.dtpli.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/231779/Policy-and-Planning-Guidelines-for-Development-of-Wind-Energy-Facilities-in-Victoria_June-2015.pdf (accessed 15 July 2015). The most recent version of this policy paper is available here.

[3]        Victorian Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, Submission 112, p. 6.

[4]        Victorian Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Planning Advisory Note 61, April 2015, http://www.dtpli.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/273291/AN61-Amendment-VC124-Changes-to-wind-energy-facility-provisions-and-vegetation-provisions.pdf (accessed 15 July 2015).

[5]        Victorian Parliamentary Environment and Natural Resources Committee, Inquiry into the Approvals Process for Renewable Energy Projects in Victoria, http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/57th-parliament/enrc/inquiries/inquiry/44 (accessed 20 July 2015).

[6]        Victorian Parliamentary Environment and Natural Resources Committee, Inquiry into the Approvals Process for Renewable Energy Projects in Victoria, pp. XXIII – XXV,http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/images/stories/committees/enrc/renewable_energy/report/Recommendations.pdf (accessed 20 July 2015).

[7]        Victorian Parliament Environment and Natural Resources Committee, Inquiry into the Approvals Process for Renewable Energy Projects in Victoria, p. XV, http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/images/stories/committees/enrc/renewable_energy/report/Executive_summary.pdf (accessed 20 July 2015) (accessed 20 July 2015).

[8]        Victorian Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Committee Hansard, Melbourne, 9 June 2015, p. 8.

[9]        Moyne Shire Council, Submission 460, p. 5.

[10]      Mr Noel Dean, Committee Hansard, Melbourne, 9 June 2015 p. 20.

[11]      Moorabool Shire Council, Submission 375, p. 1.

[12]      Ms Joanne Kermond, Submission 211, p. 5.

[13]      The committee has in its records an email dated November 2013 from the Victorian Department of Planning and Community Development Pacific Hydro to Ms Sonia Trist. The email notes that the second extension of the expiry date was done to allow stage 4 of the Portland Wind Energy Project to be completed.

[14]      South Australian Government, Wind energy in SA, https://www.sa.gov.au/topics/water-energy-and-environment/energy/energy-supply-and-sources/renewable-energy-sources/wind-energy/wind-energy-in-sa (accessed 5 June 2015)

[15]      South Australian Government, Submission 59, p. 1. Presumably, 'penetration' refers to a per capita basis.

[16]      See: https://www.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/17660/DPA_Minister_Approved_ Statewide_Wind_Farms_DPA_Gazetted_18_October_2012.PDF

[17]      South Australian Government, Submission 59, p. 7.

[18]      Southern and Hills Local Government Association, Submission 85, p. 8.

[19]      Government of South Australia, Renewables SA, Wind farm Planning Policy, http://www.renewablessa.sa.gov.au/proponents-guide/wind-farms (accessed 5 June 2015).

[20]      South Australian Government, Submission 59, p. 7.

[21]      Southern and Hills Local Government Association, Submission 85, p. 7.

[22]      Regional Council of Goyder, Committee Hansard, Adelaide, 10 June 2015, p. 34.

[23]      See Submissions 24, 56, 60, 89, 92, 108, 118, 122, 127, 159, 165, 231, 243, 246, 247, 332, 390, 392, 397, 418, 438, 441 and 464. See also Proof Committee Hansard, Adelaide,10 June 2015, pp. 32–64

[24]      Ms Nicki Morgan, Submission 247, p. [1].

[25]      Ms Jackie Rovensky, Submission 89, p. 5.

[26]      Ms Karen Wilson, Submission 122, p. [1].

[27]      Queensland Government, Submission 413, p. 2.

[28]      Tablelands Regional Council, Submission 158, p. 1.

[29]      Queensland Government, Submission 413, p. 2.

[30]      Queensland Government, Submission 413, p. 2.

[31]      Queensland Department of Infrastructure, Local Government and Planning, Committee Hansard, Cairns, 18 May 2015, p. 16.

[32]      Tablelands Regional Council, Submission 158, p. 2.

[33]      Tablelands Regional Council, Submission 158, p. 4.

[34]      Tablelands Wind Turbine Action Group, Submission 230, p. 6.

[35]      Tablelands Regional Council, Committee Hansard, 18 May 2015, p. 30.

[36]      See: Mr Robert Griffin, Submission 81; Mr Alwyn Roweth, Submission 182.

[37]      Tablelands Regional Council, Submission 158, p. 1. This position is echoed in submissions from other local councils. See Submissions 47, 85, 375, and 460.

[38]      Moyne Shire Council, Submission 460, p. 4.

[39]      Moyne Shire Council, Submission 460, p. 4 and pp 6–7.

[40]      Pyrenees Shire Council, Submission 47, p. 2.

[41]      Pyrenees Shire Council, Submission 47, p. 3.

[42]      Moyne Shire Council, Submission 460, p. 5. This view is echoed by the Regional Council of Goyder, Committee Hansard, Adelaide, 10 June 2015, p. 33 and p. 35.

[43]      Moorabool Shire Council, Submission 375, p. 3.

[44]      Tableland Wind Turbine Action, Submission 230, p. 14.

[45]      Ms Marjorie Pagani, Submission 340, p. 4. This concern is echoed by Moorabool Shire Council. See Submission 375, p. 2 and Regional Council of Goyder, Committee Hansard, Adelaide, 10 June 2015, p. 33.

[46]      McMillan Family, Submission 29, p. 5.

[47]      Tarwin Valley Coastal Guardians, Submission 45, p. 28.

[48]      Tarwin Valley Coastal Guardians, Submission 45, p. 29.

[49]      Moyne Shire Council, Committee Hansard, Melbourne, 9 June 2015, p.44.

[50]      Tablelands Regional Council, Committee Hansard, Cairns, 18 May 2015, p. 34.

[51]      Pyrenees Shire Council, Submission 47, p. 3. This concern was also raised in Submissions 119m, 227e, 232a, and 326.

[52]      Concern with consultation was raised in a number of submissions. In particular see Submissions 32, 108ss, 109, 180, 195, 198, 206, 208, 225, 230a, 232, 252, 281a, 285, 314, 316b, 336, 339, 340, 394 and 415. This issue was raised at all public hearings with community participants.

[53]      Heartland Famers, Submission 183, p. 67. This was echoed in Submission 214.

[54]      Southern and Hills Local Government Association, Submission 85, p. 7.

[55]      McMillan Family, Submission 29, p. 1.

[56]      Mr David and Mrs Alida Mortimer, Submission 24, p. [2].

[57]      Mr Richard Paltridge, Submission 367, pp. 1–2.

[58]      South Australian Government, Submission 59, p. 8.

[59]      Trustpower Ltd, Committee Hansard, Adelaide, 10 June 2015, pp. 25–27.

[60]      Bodangora Wind Turbine Awareness Group, Submission 227, p. 3.

[61]      Heartland Farmers, Submission 183, p. 68.

[62]      Heartland Farmers, Submission 183, p. 67.

[63]      McMillan Family, Submission 29, p. 1.

[64]      Heartland Farmers, Submission 183, p. 69. See also Submissions 89, 230, 316, and 459

[65]      Ratch-Australia, Committee Hansard, Cairns, 18 May 2015, p. 6.

[66]      Tablelands Regional Council, Committee Hansard, Cairns, 18 May 2015, p. 29.

[67]      The survey can be found on the Ratch-Australia website at: http://ratchaustralia.com/mt_emerald/mewf_eis_docs.html. For demographics see Vol 3 – App. 9 –Stakeholder Consultation Program Appendix C, p. 40, (accessed 20 July 2015).

[68]      Tablelands Regional Council, Committee Hansard, Cairns, 18 May 2015, p. 27.

[69]      Tablelands Regional Council, Committee Hansard, Cairns, 18 May 2015, p. 29.

[70]      Ms Bernadette Janssen, Submission 195, p. 2.

[71]      Upper Hunter Landscape Guardians Inc, Submission 58, p. 2.

[72]      Tablelands Wind Turbine Action, Submission 230, p. 9.

[73]      Ms Hewitt-Stubbs, Committee Hansard, Cairns, 18 May 2015, pp. 58–59.

[74]      Mr Richard Paltridge, Submission 367, pp. 2–3. This was also raised by The District Council of Yankalilla within Submission 85 from the Southern and Hills Local Government Association.

[75]      Mr and Mrs David and Maureen Coleman, Submission 262, p. 1. Late notification of communities to a proposed wind farms was also discussed by Mr Tony Edney, Submission 214, p. 2.

[76]      Mr Greg Chemello, Proof Committee Hansard, 18 May 2015, p. 24. See paragraph 2.43.

[77]      Mount Emerald Wind Farm, http://mtemeraldwindfarm.com.au/ (accessed 10 May 2015).

[78]      Mount Emerald Wind Farm, http://mtemeraldwindfarm.com.au/ (accessed 10 May 2015).

[79]      The Hon. Jackie Trad MP, Deputy Premier of Queensland and Minister for Infrastructure, Local Government and Planning, 'Wind Farm to contribute to FNQ energy security', Media Release, http://statements.qld.gov.au/Statement/2015/4/24/wind-farm-to-contribute-to-fnq-energy-security (accessed 24 April 2015).

[80]      The Hon. Jackie Trad MP, Deputy Premier of Queensland and Minister for Infrastructure, Local Government and Planning, 'Wind Farm to contribute to FNQ energy security', Media Release

[81]      Mr Ian Parker, Submission 236, p. 1.

[82]      Ms Jennifer Disley, Submission 290a, p. 6.

[83]      Ms Krista Watkins, Submission 244, p. 1.

[84]      Mr and Mrs Jon and Grace Gargan, Submission 236, p. 1.

[85]      Mr Mark McDonald, Submission 223, p. 2. The submitter raises the issue of turbulence and the unknown impacts this will have on spraying operations. See also: Ms Marjorie Pagani, Submission 340, p. 6. This submitter contends that the wind farm will lead to 'curtailments of plant disease control, and of overspray' in addition to 'light aircraft dangers, and possible restrictions on further airport development'.

[86]      This approach has been noted by other submitters. Ms Krista Watkins, Submission 244, p. [1]. Ms Watkins noted that the proponents were telling people in 2012 that they 'were planning to put "a couple of wind turbines, way back over the mountain range, you won't hear them or see them"...We had in fact been completely lied to, given false information by the proponent, and in no way shape or form had the community been advised, consulted or provided information.'

[87]      Tablelands Wind Farm Action, Submission 230, pp 9–11.

[88]      Tablelands Wind Farm Action, Submission 230, pp 9–11.

[89]      Victorian Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, Submission 112, p. 6.

[90]      Clean Energy Council, Committee Hansard, Melbourne, 9 June 2015, p. 2. These two guides are available on the Clean Energy Council website, http://www.cleanenergycouncil.org.au/technologies/wind-energy.html (accessed 20 July 2015).

[91]      ACT Government, Submission 12, p. 2.

[92]      Moyne Shire Council, Committee Hansard, Melbourne, 9 June 2015, p.45. The proposal for a two-tiered planning and operational permit system has been made by Mrs Michelle Grainger, Manager Planning, Moyne Shire Council, Committee Hansard, Melbourne, 9 June 2015, p. 44.

[93]      Clean Energy Council, Committee Hansard, Melbourne, 9 June 2015, p. 3.

[94]      Clean Energy Council, Committee Hansard, Melbourne, 9 June 2015, p. 4.

[95]      Council of Australian Governments former Standing Council on Environment and Water, Future of the national Wind Farm Guidelines, , http://www.scew.gov.au/resource/future-national-wind-farm-development-guidelines (accessed 29 January 2015).

[96]      Senate Community Affairs References Committee, The Social and Economic Impact of Rural Wind Farms, p. 49, https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Community_Affairs/Completed_inquiries/2010-13/impactruralwindfarms/report/index (accessed 20 July 2015).

[97]      Council of Australian Governments former Standing Council on Environment and Water, Future of the national Wind Farm Guidelines, http://www.scew.gov.au/resource/future-national-wind-farm-development-guidelines (accessed 29 January 2015).

[98]      Senate Select Committee on Wind Turbines, Interim Report, June 2015, https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Wind_Turbines/Wind_Turbines/Interim_Report (accessed 20 July 2015).

Chapter 4 - The monitoring and compliance of windfarms

[1]        See Australian Wind Alliance, Answers to questions on notice, available on the committee's website.

[2]        Government of Victoria, Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Policy and planning guidelines for development of wind energy facilities in Victoria, 2015, p. 29.

[3]        Mr Steven Cooper, Proof Committee Hansard, Portland, 30 March 2015, p. 5.

[4]        Government of Queensland, Department of State Development, Infrastructure and Planning, Wind farm state code, Planning guideline—draft for consultation, Appendix 5.

[5]        Government of South Australia, Environment Protection Authority, Wind farms environmental noise guidelines, 2009, p. 3.

[6]        Government of Queensland, Department of State Development, Infrastructure and Planning, Wind farm state code, Planning guideline—draft for consultation, Appendix 5.

[7]        Government of New South Wales, Department of Planning and Infrastructure, NSW Planning Guidelines Wind Farms, December 2011, p. 27.

[8]        Dr Kim Forde, Submission 65, pp 3–4.

[9]        Atkinson and Rapley Consulting Pty Ltd, Submission 409, p. 34.

[10]      Atkinson and Rapley Consulting Pty Ltd, Submission 409, p. 35.

[11]      Atkinson and Rapley Consulting Pty Ltd, Submission 409, p. 3.

[12]      Mr Les Huson, Proof Committee Hansard, Melbourne, 9 June 2015, p. 61.

[13]      Mr Tim Brew, Proof Committee Hansard, Melbourne, 9 June 2015, p. 83.

[14]      Mr Andrew Gabb, Proof Committee Hansard, Portland, 30 March 2015, p. 74.

[15]      Mr Christopher Hall, Pyrenees Shire Council, Proof Committee Hansard, 30 March 2015, p. 34.

[16]      Mr Steven Cooper, Proof Committee Hansard, Portland, 30 March 2015, p. 4.

[17]      Government of South Australia, Environment Protection Authority, Wind farms environmental noise guidelines, 2009, p. 3.

[18]      Government of South Australia, Environment Protection Authority, Waterloo Wind Farm: Environmental Noise Study, November 2013.

[19]      Hansen K, Zajamsek B, Hansen, C. Noise Monitoring in the Vicinity of the Waterloo Wind Farm. Adelaide, Australia: University of Adelaide; 2014. See Professor Robert McMurtry, submission 146, Attachment i

[20]      Tarwin Valley Coastal Guardians, Submission 45, p. 16.

[21]      Mrs Theresa Grima, Submission 374, p. 1.

[22]      Mrs Mary Morris, Submission 464, p. 3.

[23]      Dr Geraldine McGuire, Proof Committee Hansard, Cairns, 18 May 2015, p. 62.

[24]      Mr Geoff McPherson, Proof Committee Hansard, Cairns, 18 May 2015, p. 40.

[25]      E. Zwicker and H. Fastl, Psychoacoustics: Facts and Models, Springer, 1999.

[26]      See chapter 3; also, Mr Greg Chemello, Deputy Director-General, Queensland Department of Infrastructure, Planning and Local Government, Proof Committee Hansard, Cairns, 18 May 2015, pp 16–17.

[27]      New South Wales Environment Protection Authority, http://www.epa.nsw.gov.au/licensing/windfarmfaq.htm#Q13 (accessed 17 July 2015).

[28]      Mr Gareth Hately, Municipal Association of Victoria, Proof Committee Hansard, Melbourne, 9 June 2015, pp 53–54.

[29]      Moorabool Shire Council, Submission 375, p. [3].

[30]      Glenelg Shire Council, Answer to question on notice from public hearing, 30 March 2015, p. 3, (received 5 June 2015).

[31]      Councillor Peter Mattey, Mayor, Regional Council of Goyder, Proof Committee Hansard, Adelaide, 10 June 2015, p. 34.

[32]      Councillor Peter Mattey, Mayor, Regional Council of Goyder, Proof Committee Hansard, Adelaide, 10 June 2015, p. 38.

[33]      Councillor Majorie Pagani, Tablelands Regional Council, Proof Committee Hansard, Cairns, 18 May 2015, p. 28.

[34]      Councillor Majorie Pagani, Tablelands Regional Council, Proof Committee Hansard, Cairns, 18 May 2015, p. 30.

[35]      Mr Gareth Hately, Municipal Association of Victoria, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 June 2015, p. 56.

[36]      Proof Committee Hansard, 18 May 2015, p. 19.

[37]      Mr Greg Chemello, Deputy Director General, Queensland Department of Infrastructure, Planning and Local Government, Proof Committee Hansard, Cairns, 18 May 2015, p. 19.

[38]      Policy and planning guidelines for development of wind energy facilities in Victoria, 2015

[39]      Government of Victoria, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, Submission 112, p. 5.

[40]      Mr Peter Dolan, Operations Director, Science Assessment and Planning, Environment Protection Authority, Proof Committee Hansard, Sydney, 29 June 2015, p. 12.

[41]      Mr Peter Dolan, Operations Director, Science Assessment and Planning, Environment Protection Authority, Proof Committee Hansard, Sydney, 29 June 2015, p. 12. See also: Victorian Government Department of Health, Wind Farms, sound and health: Technical information, 2013, p. 8, http://www.infigenenergy.com/Media/docs/Wind-farms-sound-and-health-2c38d957-bb49-4d8a-847a-fb84c2d2b3ba-0.pdf (accessed 20 July 2015). This report states that 'like the human ear, the A-weighted network [dBA] is less sensitive to low frequencies. Therefore, the C-weighting [dBC] has been developed to measure sounds with a significant low frequency component, and the G-weighting [dBG] has been developed to measure sounds in the infrasound range.'

[42]      Senate Select Committee on Wind Turbines, Interim Report, June 2015, p. 10, https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Wind_Turbines/Wind_Turbines/Interim_Report (accessed 20 July 2015).

[43]      Ms Anne Gardner, Submission 208, p. 12. Emphasis in original.

[44]      Mr Donald Thomas, Submission 197, p. 1.

[45]      Mr Crispin Trist, Submission 251, p. 2.

[46]      Mrs Lee Schwerdtfeger, Submission 458j, p. 1.

[47]      Mr Roger Kruse, Submission 231, p. 2.

[48]      Mr and Mrs John and Sue Dean, Submission 63, p. 1.

[49]      Mr Mark Tomlinson, Proof Committee Hansard, Sydney, 29 June 2015, pp 46–47.

[50]      Mr Clayton Delmarter, Engineering Manager, Trustpower Limited, Proof Committee Hansard, 10 June 2015, p. 24.

[51]      Mr Rontheo van Zyl, Trustpower Ltd, Proof Committee Hansard, Adelaide, 10 June 2015, p. 27.

[52]      AGL Energy Ltd, Submission 83, p. 5.

[53]      Infigen, Submission 425, p. 12.

[54]      Clean Energy Regulator, Submission 93, p. 12.

[55]      Clean Energy Regulator, Submission 93, p. 7.

[56]      Clean Energy Regulator, submission 93, p. 5.

[57]      Mr Greg Chemello, Deputy Director General, Queensland Department of Infrastructure, Planning and Local Government, Proof Committee Hansard, Cairns, 18 May 2015, p. 22.

[58]      Mr Greg Chemello, Deputy Director General, Queensland Department of Infrastructure, Planning and Local Government, Proof Committee Hansard, Cairns, 18 May 2015, p. 23.

[59]      Clean Energy Regulator, Submission 93, pp 14–15.

[60]      Dr Bob Thorne, Submission 155, p. 7.

[61]      Mr Bryan Lyons, Wind Energy Queensland, Proof Committee Hansard, Cairns, 18 May 2015, p. 57.

[62]      Clean Energy Regulator, Submission 93, p. 16.

[63]      Wind Industry Reform Victoria, Committee Hansard, Melbourne, 9 June 2015, p. 66.

[64]      Mr John McMahon, Proof Committee Hansard, Melbourne, 9 June 2015, p. 66

[65]      Dr Michael Crawford, Submission 316b, p. 8.

[66]      Dr Michael Crawford, Submission 316b, p. 8.

[67]      Mr Hamish Cumming, Submission 31, p. 5.

[68]      Mr Simon Greenacre, RATCH Australia, Proof Committee Hansard, Cairns, 18 May 2015, pp 4–5.

[69]      Mrs Lee Schwerdtfeger, Proof Committee Hansard, Cairns, 18 May 2015, p. 61.

[70]      Mr Colin Walkden, Proof Committee Hansard, Cairns, 18 May 2015, p. 55.

[71]      Mr John McMahon, Proof Committee Hansard, Melbourne, 9 June 2015, p. 67.

[72]      Mr John McMahon, Proof Committee Hansard, Melbourne, 9 June 2015, p. 67.

[73]      Mr Richard Sharp, Submission 100, p. 1.

[74]      Dr Michael Crawford, Submission 316b, pp 9–10.

[75]      Ms Sharn Ogden, Submission 275, pp 6–7.

[76]      Inquiry into the Approvals process for renewable energy projects in Victoria, p. xv, http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/images/stories/committees/enrc/renewable_energy/report/Executive_summary.pdf (accessed 13 July 2015).

[77]      Inquiry into the Approvals process for renewable energy projects in Victoria, p. xvii   http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/images/stories/committees/enrc/renewable_energy/report/Executive_summary.pdf (accessed 13 July 2015).

[78]      Tarwin Valley Coastal Guardians, Submission 45, p. 17. See page 210 of the Panel report. A full list of recommendations is provided in Appendix A of submission 45.

[79]      Tarwin Valley Coastal Guardians, Submission 45, p. 17.

[80]      Ms Jane Robson, Submission 144, p. 2.

[81]      Mr Les Huson, Proof Committee Hansard, Melbourne, 9 June 2015, p. 60.

[82]      Mr Gareth Hately, Municipal Association of Victoria, Proof Committee Hansard, 9 June 2015, p. 54.

[83]      Ms Kay Smith, Submission 72, p. 2.

[84]      Mr Tony Edney, Submission 214, p. 4.

[85]      Mr Les Huson, Proof Committee Hansard, Melbourne, 9 June 2015, pp 59–60.

[86]      Senate Select Committee on Wind Turbines, Interim Report, June 2015, Recommendation 7.

[87]      Mr Gunther Wilhelm, Submission 198, p. 3.

[88]      Mr Noel Dean, Proof Committee Hansard, Melbourne, 9 June 2015, p. 20.

[89]      Mr Donald Thomas, Proof Committee Hansard, Melbourne, 9 June 2015, p. 14.

Chapter 5 - Fauna and aircraft

[1]        Term of reference (g)

[2]        Save the Eagles International, Submission 326, pp [5–6].

[3]        Ms Emma Bennett, Committee Hansard, Melbourne, 9 June 2015, p. 33.

[4]        The Australia Institute, Submission 67, p. 3. See also: South Australian Government, Submission 59, p. 9; Ms Kim Forde, Submission 65, p. [4]; Ms Emma Bennett, Submission 267, pp [2–3].

[5]        Number of turbines, see Chapter 1.

[6]        Dr Matthew Wood, Australian Ecological Research Services, Macarthur Wind Farm, Bat and Avifauna Mortality Monitoring (Prepared for AGL Energy), June 2014, p. ii, https://stopthesethings.files.wordpress.com/2014/09/macarthur-bat-and-avifauna-mortality-monitoring-report-full.pdf (accessed 1 July 2015).

[7]        The Australia Institute, Submission 67a, p. 24. See also: Ms Emma Bennett, Committee Hansard, Melbourne, 9 June 2015, p. 33; Wallace P. Erickson, Gregory D. Johnson and David P. Young, 'A Summary and Comparison of Bird Mortality from Anthropogenic Causes with an Emphasis on Collisions', USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, PSW-GTR-191, 2005, p. 1039. A number of submissions disagree with this proposition. See, for example: Mr Michael Crawford, Submission 316b, p. 7.

[8]        Ms Marjorie Pagani, Submission 340, p. [5].

[9]        Mr Alan Cole, Submission 73, p. [6].

[10]      A vulnerable listing means that the species is facing a 'high risk of extinction in the wild'. See: NSW Office of Environment and Heritage, Threatened Species: Brolga – profile, http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/threatenedspeciesapp/profile.aspx?id=10382 (accessed 29 June 2015); Victorian Department of Sustainability and Environment, Advisory List of Threatened Vertebrate Fauna—2013, p. 11, http://www.depi.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/210439/Advisory-List-of-Threatened-Vertebrate-Fauna_FINAL-2013.pdf (accessed 29 June 2015).

[11]      Mrs Susan Dennis, President, Brolga Recovery Group, Committee Hansard, Melbourne, 9 June 2015, p. 38.

[12]      Mrs Susan Dennis, President, Brolga Recovery Group, Committee Hansard, Melbourne, 9 June 2015, p. 38.

[13]      Mr Hamish Cumming, Proof Committee Hansard, Portland, 30 March 2015, p. 52. See also: Mr Hamish Cumming, Submission 31, p. 6.

[14]      Australian Government Department of the Environment, Polytelis swainsonii—Superb Parrot in Species Profiles and Threats Database, 2015, http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/publicspecies.pl?taxon_id=738 (accessed 3 July 2015).

[15]      An endangered listing means that the species is facing a 'very high risk of extinction in the wild'. See also: Victorian Department of Sustainability and Environment, Advisory List of Threatened Vertebrate Fauna—2013, p. 11.

[16]      Mr Alan Cole, Submission 73, p. [6]. See also: Mr John McGrath, Submission 314.

[17]      Mr John McGrath, Submission 314, p. 4. See also: BWTAG, Submission 227a, p. 6.

[18]      Waterloo and District Concerned Citizens Group, Submission 21, p. [2].

[19]      Tarwin Valley Coastal Guardians, Submission 45, p. 45.

[20]      Mr John McGrath, Submission 314, p. [3].

[21]      Tarwin Valley Coastal Guardians, Submission 45, p. [65].

[22]      Tarwin Valley Coastal Guardians, Submission 45, p. [59].

[23]      Tarwin Valley Coastal Guardians, Submission 45, p. [60].

[24]      Tarwin Valley Coastal Guardians, Submission 45, p. [62].

[25]      Tarwin Valley Coastal Guardians, Submission 45, p. [62].

[26]      Mr John McGrath, Submission 314, p. 4.

[27]      Mr and Mrs John and Sue Dean, Submission 63, p. 1.

[28]      Bodangara Wind Turbine Awareness Group, Submission 227a, pp 1–2.

[29]      Bodangara Wind Turbine Awareness Group, Submission 227a, p. 2.

[30]      Bodangara Wind Turbine Awareness Group, Submission 227a, p. 2.

[31]      Senate Select Committee on Wind Turbines, Interim Report, June 2015, pp 2 & 9. See Recommendation 3.

[32]      Mr Richard Sharp, Submission 100, p. [2].

[33]      Mrs Susan Dennis, President, Brolga Recovery Group, Committee Hansard, Melbourne, 9 June 2015, p. 38.

[34]      Environment Protection and Heritage Council, Draft National Wind Farm Development Guidelines, July 2010, p. 11, http://www.scew.gov.au/system/files/resources/8e446a1a-ab93-5f84-99d0-12d3422d2a23/files/draft-national-wind-farm-development-guidelines-july-2010.pdf (accessed 26 June 2015). See also: Ms Marjorie Pagani, Submission 340, p. [5].

[35]      Environment Protection and Heritage Council, Draft National Wind Farm Development Guidelines, July 2010, p. 11, (accessed 26 June 2015).

[36]      Environment Protection and Heritage Council, Draft National Wind Farm Development Guidelines, July 2010, p. 117, (accessed 26 June 2015). Reference to the voluntary standard Wind farms and birds: Interim standards for risk assessment.

[37]      See, for example: Dr Michael Crawford, Submission 316ss; Ms Jacqueline A Rovensky, Submission 89b, pp 4–5. Tarwin Valley Coastal Guardians, Submission 45, p. 10. Parkesbourne Mummel Landscape Guardians, Submission 119.

[38]      Mr Greg and Mrs Michelle Noel, Submission 390, p. [2].

[39]      Mr Keith Staff, Submission 32, p. [4].

[40]      Mr Robert Allen, Submission 410, p. [3].

[41]      Mr Charles Barber, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 19 June 2015, p. 45. See also: Dr Michael Crawford, Submission 316b, p. 12; Ms Marjorie Pagani, Submission 340, pp [4–5]; Waterloo and District Concerned Citizens Group, Submission 21, p. [2].

[42]      Mr Charles Barber, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 19 June 2015, p. 44.

[43]      Australian Government Department of Infrastructure, National Airports Safeguarding Framework Principles and Guidelines—Guideline D: Managing the Risk of Wind Turbine Farms as Physical Obstacles to Air Navigation, May 2015, https://infrastructure.gov.au/aviation/environmental/airport_safeguarding/nasf/nasf_principles_guidelines.aspx (accessed 8 July 2015).

[44]      Environment Protection and Heritage Council, Draft National Wind Farm Development Guidelines, July 2010, p. 11, http://www.scew.gov.au/system/files/resources/8e446a1a-ab93-5f84-99d0-12d3422d2a23/files/draft-national-wind-farm-development-guidelines-july-2010.pdf (accessed 26 June 2015).

[45]      AAAA, Submission 20, p. [1].

[46]      AAAA, Submission 20a, p. 1.

[47]      Mr Peter Cromarty, Executive Manager, Airspace and Aerodrome Regulation, Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 19 May 2015, p. 35.

[48]      Mr Terry Farquharson, Deputy Director, Aviation Safety, Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 19 May 2015, p. 35. See also: Ms Marjorie Pagani, Submission 340, p. [6]. Ms Pagani states that 'apart from the danger to crop-spraying pilots, curtailment of plant disease control, and of overspray, there are light aircraft dangers, and possible restrictions on further airport development'.

[49]      Mr Terry Farquharson, Deputy Director, Aviation Safety, Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 19 May 2015, pp 35–36.

[50]      Parkesbourne/Mummel Landscape Guardians Inc., Submission 119, p. 6. See also: Grain Producers SA, Submission 175, p. 2.

[51]      NSW Rural Fire Service, Submission 97, p. [2].

[52]      Grain Producers SA, Submission 175, p. 3.

[53]      NSW Rural Fire Service, Submission 97, p. [2].

[54]      Mr Craig Brownlie, Operations Officer, Specialist Response, Country Fire Authority Committee Hansard, Portland, 30 March 2015, p. 41. See also: pp 43–44. Mr Brownlie also noted that aerial firefighting units are not required to maintain an exclusion distance from wind turbines.

[55]      South Australian Government, Submission 59, pp 9–10. See also: Ms Kim Forde, Submission 65, p. [4].

[56]      Infigen Energy, Submission 425, p. 16.

[57]      Mr Alan Cole, Submission 73, p. [5].

[58]      Mr Greg and Mrs Michelle Noel, Submission 390, p. [2].

[59]      Mr Alan Cole, Submission 73, p. [5]. This refers to NSW legislation drafted in response to the catastrophic bushfires in the Greater Blue Mountains Area, west of Sydney in late 2013. These legislative changes included the Environmental Planning and Assessment Amendment (Bush Fire Prone Land) Regulation 2014 under the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 and the Rural Fires Amendment (Vegetation Clearing) Act 2014 which amended the Rural Fires Act 1997.

[60]      See the comments of Mr Andrew Andreou, Executive Manager, Country Fire Authority, Proof Committee Hansard, 30 March 2015, p. 44.

[61]      Answer to question on notice, received 1 April 2015. Available on committee's website (Question No. 2)

[62]      Answer to question on notice, received 30 March 2015. Available on committee's website (Question No. 1)

[63]      Bodangora Wind Turbine Action Group, Submission 227, pp 4–5.

[64]      Mr Jim Hutson, Submission 30, p. 6. See also: Ms Ann Gardner, Submission 208, p.[20].

[65]      Farmers may choose to use aerial application over ground options for a range of other reasons—even on relatively flat terrain. These reasons can include protection of the crop canopy from wheel damage, lack of ground access under very wet conditions, and to avoid soil compaction in wet conditions.

[66]      Mr Mark McDonald, Submission 223, p. [3].

[67]      Epuron, Response to Adverse Comment in Submission 285, p. [1].

[68]      Ms Kim Forde, Submission 65, p. [5].

[69]      Ms Marjorie Pagani, Submission 340, p. [6]. See also: Grain Producers SA, Submission 175, p. 2.

[70]      Mr Mark McDonald, Submission 223, p. [2].

[71]      Mr Mark McDonald, Submission 223, p. [3]. See also: Grain Producers SA, Submission 175, p. 2. The question is raised of who bears the responsibility of non-target spray drift caused by wind turbines.

[72]      Grain Producers SA, Submission 175, p. 2. See also: Mr Darren Arney, Committee Hansard, Adelaide, 10 June 2015, p. 50. Mr Arney noted that farmers adjacent to wind turbines will experience 'significant financial loss due to a decrease in the value of their farmland due to changes in the way they are able to go about their farming'.

[73]      AAAA, Submission 20, p. [1].

[74]      Australian Government Department of Infrastructure, National Airports Safeguarding Framework Principles and Guidelines—Guideline D: Managing the Risk of Wind Turbine Farms as Physical Obstacles to Air Navigation, May 2015, https://infrastructure.gov.au/aviation/environmental/airport_safeguarding/nasf/nasf_principles_guidelines.aspx (accessed 8 July 2015).

Chapter 6 - Committee view and recommendations on the issues raised in chapters 2–5

[1]        Appendix 3 of this report presents Sections 505C and 505D of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 relating to the establishment of the IESC on Coal Seam Gas and Large Mining Development and the functions of this committee.

[2]        enHealth is a standing committee that falls under the auspices of Australian Health Protection Principal Committee (AHPPC). AHPPC and enHealth work with reference to the National Environmental Health Strategy 2012–2015.

[3]        Australian Government Department of Health, Environmental Health Stabnding Committee (enHealth), January 2014, http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/ohp-environ-enhealth-committee.htm (accessed 15 July 2015).

[4]        Correspondence from enHealth secretariat, Office of Health Protection, Department of Health, received 22 July 2015.

[5]        The Hon. Simon Corbell MLA, Deputy Chief Minister of the ACT, 'Wind auction result delivers renewable energy and economic benefits to the ACT', Media Release, 2 February 2015. Minister Corbell noted that 'the auction outcome has also set a new benchmark for wind farm community engagement practices in Australia and should provide a strong incentive for new projects to engage with local communities in a more meaningful and co-operative manner, for the benefit of proponents and communities alike'.

[6]        NSW Environment Protection Authority, Questions and answers on wind farm regulation, http://www.epa.nsw.gov.au/licensing/windfarmfaq.htm#Q3 (accessed 15 July 2015).

[7]        Senate Select Committee on Wind Turbines, Interim Report, June 2015, https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Wind_Turbines/Wind_Turbines/Interim_Report (accessed 20 July 2015).

[8]        Dr Les Huson, Proof Committee Hansard, Melbourne, 9 June 2015, p. 61.

[9]        NSW Environment Protection Authority, Questions and answers on wind farm regulation, http://www.epa.nsw.gov.au/licensing/windfarmfaq.htm#Q3 (accessed 15 July 2015).

[10]      NSW Environment Protection Authority, Questions and answers on wind farm regulation, http://www.epa.nsw.gov.au/licensing/windfarmfaq.htm#Q27 (accessed 15 July 2015). Most States and Territories already have a licencing regime in place for other environmentally sensitive activities.

[11]      NSW Environment Protection Authority, Questions and answers on wind farm regulation, http://www.epa.nsw.gov.au/licensing/windfarmfaq.htm#Q7 (accessed 15 July 2015).

[12]      NSW Environment Protection Authority, Questions and answers on wind farm regulation, http://www.epa.nsw.gov.au/licensing/windfarmfaq.htm#Q26 (accessed 15 July 2015).

Chapter 7 - The effect of wind power on retail electricity prices

[1]        Clean Energy Council, Clean Energy Australia Report, 2013, p. 7.

[2]        Clean Energy Council, Clean Energy Australian Report, 2013, p. 8.

[3]        Australian Energy Market Operator, Submission 469, p. 5.

[4]        RenewEconomy, NEM Watch, http://reneweconomy.com.au/nem-watch (accessed 27 May 2015, 3.10pm). The site uses data published by the Australian Energy Market Operator (AEMO) and the Australian Photovoltaic Institute. On notice, the committee asked AEMO for its opinion of the accuracy and reliability of the analysis by RenewEconomy.com.au. AEMO responded in Submission 469, Response to Question 2, (received 29 June 2015):

[5]        Renew Economy, NEM Watch, http://reneweconomy.com.au/nem-watch. The average household lightbulb uses sixty watts. One thousand watts equals one kilowatt (kW); one thousand kilowatts (one million watts) equals one megawatt (MW); and one thousand megawatts (one billion watts) equals one gigawatt. Typically, the rate of energy generated (or consumed) per unit of time is measured as watt hours (wH), kilowatt hours (kWh), megawatt hours (MWh), and gigawatt hours (GWh).

[6]        Mr Peter Bobroff, Submission 91, p. 2.

[7]        AEMO, Submission 469, Response to Question 2, received 29 June 2015.

[8]        Australian Energy Regulator, State of the Energy Market, 2014, p. 27.

[9]        Australian Energy Regulator, State of the Energy Market, 2014, p. 35.

[10]      Australian Energy Regulator, State of the Energy Market, 2014, p. 27.

[11]      See: Australian Government Clean Energy Regulator, Large Scale Generation Certificates and Small Scale Technology Certificates, http://www.cleanenergyregulator.gov.au/RET/Scheme-participants-and-industry/Power-stations/ (accessed 13 July 2015). Large-scale generation certificates (LGC) are generally issued to commercial electricity generators such as wind and solar farms; whereas Small-scale technology certificates (STC) are generally issued to households with small scale renewable energy technology such as rooftop solar photovoltaic systems and solar water heaters.

[12]      Renewable Energy Target Scheme: Report of the Expert Panel, August 2014, p. 14.

[13]      AGL Energy, Submission 83, p. 2.

[14]      Tristan Edis, 'Ignore Abbott, renewable energy certificate prices should rise', Business Spectator, http://www.businessspectator.com.au/article/2014/7/2/renewable-energy/ignore-abbott-renewable-energy-certificate-prices-should-rise (accessed 13 July 2015).

[15]      See: Renewable Energy Target Scheme: Report of the Expert Panel, August 2014, p. 3, https://retreview.dpmc.gov.au/sites/default/files/files/RET_Review_Report.pdf (accessed 13 July 2015).

[16]      Renewable Energy Target Scheme: Report of the Expert Panel, August 2014, p. 9.

[17]      Climate Change Authority, Final Report, Renewable Energy Target Review, December 2012, p. 8, http://www.climatechangeauthority.gov.au/reviews/2012-renewable-energy-target-review (accessed 13 July 2015).

[18]      Green Energy Markets, Quarterly Renewables Report, Q1 2015, 17 April 2015 http://greenmarkets.com.au/news-events/quarterly-renewables-report-q1-2015 (accessed 2 June 2015).

[19]      Green Energy Markets, Quarterly Renewables Report, Q1 2015, 17 April 2015.

[20]      Mr Matt Harris, Frontier Economics, Proof Committee Hansard, 29 June 2015, p. 17.

[21]      ACIL Allen, Report to RET Review Expert Panel: RET Review Modelling—Market modelling of various RET policy options, August 2014, p. 9, https://retreview.dpmc.gov.au/sites/default/files/files/ACIL_Report.pdf (accessed 13 July 2015).

[22]      Australian Energy Market Operator, Submission 469, p. 9.

[23]      Australian Energy Market Operator, Submission 469, pp 8–9.

[24]      Climate Change Authority, Renewable Energy Target Review Report, December 2014, http://www.climatechangeauthority.gov.au/sites/prod.climatechangeauthority.gov.au/files/files/CCA-RET-Review-published-updated.pdf (accessed 27 May 2015).

[25]      AEMC, Residential Price Trends, 2014, pp 16–17, http://www.aemc.gov.au/getattachment/ae5d0665-7300-4a0d-b3b2-bd42d82cf737/2014-Residential-Electricity-Price-Trends-report.aspx (accessed 13 July 2015).

[26]      AEMC, Residential Price Trends, 2014, pp 16–17.

[27]      Renewable Energy Target Scheme: Report of the Expert Panel, August 2014, p. 22.

[28]      Renewable Energy Target Scheme: Report of the Expert Panel, August 2014, p. i.

[29]      ACIL Allen, Report to RET Review Expert Panel: RET Review Modelling—Market modelling of various RET policy options, August 2014, p. 127.

[30]      Ergon Energy, Submission 84, p. 3.

[31]      Wind Prospect Pty Ltd, Submission 167, p. 2.

[32]      Parliament of Australia, Renewable Energy (Electricty) Amendment Bill 2015, https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Bills_Legislation/Bills_Search_Results/Result?bId=r5463 (accessed 13 July 2015).

[33]      Jasper Noort, Simon Venderzalm, Brian Morris and Lisa Zembrodt, Schneider Electric, Australia's large-scale renewable energy target: Three Consumer Benefits, 2014.

[34]      Jasper Noort, Simon Venderzalm, Brian Morris and Lisa Zembrodt, Schneider Electric, Australia's large-scale renewable energy target: Three Consumer Benefits, 2014, pp 6–7.

[35]      South Australian Government, Submission 59, p. 5.

[36]      Sinclair Knight Merz, Estimating the Impact of Renewable Energy Generation on Retail Prices: Final Report, 20 June 2013, p. 1, http://images.smh.com.au/file/2013/06/25/4518185/SKM.pdf (accessed 13 July 2015).

[37]      Sinclair Knight Merz, Estimating the Impact of Renewable Energy Generation on Retail Prices: Final Report, 20 June 2013, p. 1.

[38]      Centre for Energy and Environmental Markets, Distributional Effects of the Australian renewable Energy Target (RET) through Wholesale and Retail Electricity Price Impacts, November 2013, p. 2, http://ceem.unsw.edu.au/sites/default/files/documents/13_11_20_CEEM_RET_Distribution_FINAL.pdf (accessed 13 July 2015).

[39]      IPART, Review in regulated retail gas tariffs and charges for 2015–16, June 2015, http://www.ipart.nsw.gov.au/Home/Industries/Gas/Reviews/Retail_Pricing/Review_of_regulated_retail_gas_tariffs_and_charges_for_2015-16 (accessed 13 July 2015).

[40]      Ergon Energy, Submission 84, p. 2.

[41]      Renewable Energy Target Scheme: Report of the Expert Panel, August 2014, p. i.

[42]      Regulation Economics, Submission 4, p. 3.

[43]      Regulation Economics, Submission 4, p. 1.

[44]      Pyrenees Shire Council, Answer to question on notice number 3, received 7 April 2015.

[45]      Professor Ian Plimer, Submission 381, Extract from Not for Greens, Connor Court Publishing, 2014, p. 91.

[46]      Parkesbourne/Mummel Landscape Guardians, Submission 119, p. 5.

[47]      Mr Mike Baner, Submission 334, p. 2.

[48]      Ms Marie Burton, Submission 66, p. 1.

[49]      Ms Marie Burton, Submission 66ss, p. [2].

[50]      Dr Kim Forde, Answers to Questions on Notice no. 15, 10 June 2015, p. 10.

[51]      CWPR, Submission 261, p. 3.

[52]      See: Frontier Economics, 2014 Residential Electricity Price Trends—Final Report, September 2014, p. 36.

[53]      Frontier Economics, Submission 87, p. 3.

[54]      Renewable Energy Target Scheme: Report of the Expert Panel, August 2014, p. 42.

[55]      Renewable Energy Target Scheme: Report of the Expert Panel, August 2014, p. 42.

[56]      Dr Joseph Wheatley, Submission 348, pp 5–6. See also: Dr Joseph Wheatley, Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 19 May 2015, p. 77.

[57]      Mr Peter Lang, Answers to questions on notice no.21, 15 June 2015.
See also: Mr Peter Lang, Committee Hansard, Canberra, 19 May 2015, p. 60.

[58]      Mr Peter Lang, Answers to questions on notice, 15 June 2015, p. 3.

[59]      Mr Peter Lang, Submission 259, pp 1–4.

[60]      Paul Miskelly, 'Wind farms in eastern Australia—Recent lessons', Energy and Environment, Volume 23, No. 8, 2012, p. 1233.

[61]      Australian Energy Market Operator, Submission 469, p. 10.

[62]      Australian Energy Market Operator, Submission 469, p. 11.

[63]      Ms Anita Talberg, 'Support for renewable energy', Parliamentary Library, https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/BriefingBook44p/RenewableEnergy (accessed 25 July 2015).

[64]      Bank of America, Merill Lynch, 'AGL Energy: Wind strategy biting back', Tabled in the Senate, 23 September 2014. AGK is the Australian Stock Exchange (ASX) abbreviation for AGL Energy.

[65]      Banks, G. 2011, Presentation to BCA/AIGN Carbon Pricing Forum, Parliament House, Canberra, 23 March.

[66]      Council of Australian Governments, Hobart Meeting Communique, 30 April 2009, p. 8, https://www.coag.gov.au/sites/default/files/2009-04-30.pdf (accessed 2 August 2015).

[67]       Or ‘Australian Carbon Credit Units’ under the Emission Reduction Fund.

[68]       Mr Terry Johannesen, RATCH, Proof Committee Hansard, Cairns, 18 May, p.7.

[69]       Dr Alan Moran, Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra 19 May, p.23.

Australian Labor Party Senators' Dissenting Report

[1]        Mr Jonathan Upson, Committee Hansard, 19 May 2015, p. 67.

[3]        Clean Energy Council, Wind farm investment, employment and carbon abatement in Australia, July 2012, available at: http://www.cleanenergycouncil.org.au/technologies/wind-energy.html.

[4]        Clean Energy Council, 'Wind Energy', http://www.cleanenergycouncil.org.au/technologies/wind-energy.html, accessed 30 July 2015.

[5]        Senate Select Committee on Wind Turbines, Final Report, August 2015, p.4

[6]        Clean Energy Council, Media release, ‘Senate Inquiry Blows it on Wind power’, 31 July 2015, http://www.cleanenergycouncil.org.au/media-centre/media-releases/July-2015/senate-inquiry-blows-it-on-wind-power.html , accessed 3 August 2015.

[7]        Clean Energy Regulator, 'About the Renewable Energy Target', http://www.cleanenergyregulator.gov.au/RET/About-the-Renewable-Energy-Target, accessed 22 July 2015.

[8]        Ms Chloe Munro, Committee Hansard, 19 May 2015, p. 7.

[9]        Department of the Environment, Submission 358, p. 1.

[10]      Department of the Environment, Submission 358, p. 1.

[11]      Australian Electricity Market Commission, Final report: 2014 residential electricity price trends, December 2014, p. 179, http://www.aemc.gov.au/getattachment/ae5d0665-7300-4a0d-b3b2-bd42d82cf737/2014-Residential-Electricity-Price-Trends-report.aspx, accessed 17 July 2015.

[12]      Department of the Environment, Submission 358, p. 1.

[13]      Department of the Environment, Submission 358, p. 2.

[14]      The Climate Institute, 'Would reducing the Renewable Energy Target significantly lower power bills?', March 2014, http://www.climateinstitute.org.au/verve/_resources/TCI_ReducingRET_ImpactOnBills_FactCheck.pdf, accessed 30 July 2015.

[15]      The Australia Institute, Submission 67, p. 1; for  information on abatement levels achieved by the RET, see discussion below under term of reference (h).

[16]      For a summary of this modelling see Clean Energy Council, Submission 450, p. 5.

[17]      Mr Brian Morris, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2015, p. 22.

[18]      Clean Energy Council, Submission 450, p. 6.

[19]      Mr Matt Harris, Committee Hansard, 19 May 2015, p. 19.

[20]      See, for example, Giles Parkinson, 'Modelling wars: moulding data to kill renewables', Renew Economy, 20 June 2015, http://reneweconomy.com.au/2014/modelling-wars-mould-data-kill-renewables-82732, accessed 22 July 2015.

[21]      Mark Kenny, 'Bill Shorten to unveil 50% renewable energy target at Labor conference', Canberra Times, 22 July 2015, http://www.canberratimes.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/bill-shorten-to-unveil-50-renewable-energy-target-at-labor-conference-20150721-gih4bp.html, accessed 22 July 2015.

[22]      Clean Energy Regulator, Submission 93, p. 6.

[23]      Clean Energy Regulator, Submission 93, p. 7; see graph on this page for comparison with number of LGCs generated by other renewable sources.

[24]      The Australia Institute, Submission 67, p. 1.

[25]      Parliamentary Library, Brief to the Select Committee on Wind Turbines, received 10 February 2015.

[26]      Australian Energy Market Operator, Submission 469, pp 7–8.

[27]      Heath Aston, 'Government directive against wind farm investments surprises CEFC, crossbenchers', Sydney Morning Herald, 12 July 2015, http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/government-directive-against-wind-farm-investments-surprises-cefc-crossbenchers-20150712-giagiy.html, accessed 22 July 2015; Heath Aston, 'Government pulls the plug on household solar', Sydney Morning Herald, 13 July 2015, http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/government-pulls-the-plug-on-household-solar-20150712-gian0u.html, accessed 22 July 2015.

[28]      Clean Energy Finance Corporation, 'CEFC responds to the new investment mandate', 5 March 2015, http://www.cleanenergyfinancecorp.com.au/media/107304/cefc_chairs_response_to_treasurer_and_minister_for_finance_re_2015_cefc_investment_mandate.pdf , accessed 22 July 2015.

[29]      Clean Energy Finance Corporation, 'Investments', http://www.cleanenergyfinancecorp.com.au/investments.aspx, accessed 22 July 2015.

[30]      Department of the Environment, Submission 358, p. 4.

[31]      Department of the Environment, Submission 358, p. 4.

[32]      Clean Energy Regulator, Submission 93, p. 2.

[33]      Dick Warburton, Brian Fisher, Shirley In't Veld, Matt Zema, Renewable Energy Target Scheme: report of the Expert Panel, 15 August 2014, p. 114.

[34]      Department of the Environment, Submission 358, pp 4–5.

[35]      Clean Energy Regulator, Submission 93, p. 4.

[36]      Renewable Energy (Electricity) Regulations 2001, https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2015C00555 , accessed 16 July 2015.

[37]      Mr Geoff Purvis-Smith, Committee Hansard, 19 May 2015, p. 2.

[38]      Mr Geoff Purvis-Smith, Committee Hansard, 19 May 2015, p. 2.

[39]      Mr Geoff Purvis-Smith, Committee Hansard, 19 May 2015, pp. 2-3.

[40]      Clean Energy Regulator, Submission 93, p. 16.

[41]      Clean Energy Regulator, Submission 93 – supplementary submission, pp. 1-2.

[42]      For a list of such submissions, see footnote 2 at Senate Select Committee on Wind Turbines, Interim Report, June 2015, p. 3.

[43]      Senate Select Committee on Wind Turbines, Final Report, August 2015, p. 11, p. 34.

[44]      National Health and Medical Research Council, Submission 102, p. 1.

[45]      National Health and Medical Research Council, Submission 102, p. 1; p. 4.

[46]      National Health and Medical Research Council, Submission 102—Attachment 1, p. 8.

[47]      National Health and Medical Research Council, Submission 102, p. 5.

[48]      National Health and Medical Research Council, Submission 102, pp. 5–6.

[49]      National Health and Medical Research Council, Submission 102, pp. 5–6.

[50]      Ms Samantha Robertson, Committee Hansard, 19 June 2015, p. 15.

[51]      Ms Samantha Robertson, Committee Hansard, 19 June 2015, p. 15.

[52]      Dr Elizabeth Hanna, Committee Hansard, 19 June 2015, p. 20; Health Canada, 'Wind Turbine Noise and Health Study: Summary of Results', http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/noise-bruit/turbine-eoliennes/summary-resume-eng.php, accessed 24 June 2015.

[53]      Professor Simon Chapman, Answers to questions on notice arising from 29 June public hearing.

[54]      Mr Jonathan Upson, Committee Hansard, 19 May 2015, p. 68.

[55]      Professor Simon Chapman, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2015, pp 28–29.

[56]      Senate Select Committee on Wind Turbines, Final Report, August 2015, p.22.

[57]      Australian Medical Association, AMA position statement – wind farms and health 2014, p. 1, https://ama.com.au/position-statement/wind-farms-and-health-2014, accessed 23 July 2015.

[58]      Senate Select Committee on Wind Turbines, Final Report, August 2015, p. 24.

[59]      Public Health Association of Australia, Submission 276—Attachment 1, p. 2.

[60]      Associate Professor Simon Carlile, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2015, p. 69.

[61]      Climate and Health Alliance Submission 331, pp 5–6.

[62]      Association of Australian Acoustical Consultants, Position Statement on Wind Farms, Supplementary Submission 194.

[63]      Senate Select Committee on Wind Turbines, Final Report, August 2015, p.17.

[64]      World Health Organization, Energy, sustainable development and health. Background document for the Fourth Ministerial Conference on Environment and Health, 23-25 June 2004, Geneva. p. 85; p. 100.

[65]      Health Canada, 'Wind Turbine Noise and Health Study',  http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/noise-bruit/turbine-eoliennes/summary-resume-eng.php, accessed 3 August 2015.

[66]      Health Canada, 'Wind Turbine Noise and Health Study: Summary of Results', http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/noise-bruit/turbine-eoliennes/summary-resume-eng.php, accessed at 3 August 2015.

[67]      Health Canada, 'Wind Turbine Noise and Health Study: Summary of Results', http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/noise-bruit/turbine-eoliennes/summary-resume-eng.php, accessed 3 August 2015.

[68]      Dr Elizabeth Hanna, Committee Hansard, 19 June 2015, p. 16.

[69]      ABC News online, 'Research challenges wind farm illness link', 25 July 2011, http://www.abc.net.au/news/2011-07-25/research-challenges-wind-farm-illness-link/2808824, accessed 3 August 2015.

[70]      Professor Simon Chapman, Symptoms, Diseases and Aberrant Behaviours Attributed to Wind Turbine Exposure, updated 8 Jan 2015, http://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/handle/2123/10501, accessed 28 July 2015. For a discussion of this array of symptoms, see Professor Simon Chapman, ' Wind turbine disease: a classic 'communicated' disease', The Conversation, 20 July 2012, https://theconversation.com/wind-turbine-syndrome-a-classic-communicated-disease-8318, accessed 28 July 2015.

[71]      Professor Simon Chapman and Teresa Simonetti, Summary of main conclusions reached in 25 reviews of the research literature on wind farms and health, updated 10 April 2015, http://ses.library.usyd.edu.au//bitstream/2123/10559/7/WindHealthReviews_3.pdf, accessed 28 July 2015.

[72]      Simon Chapman, Alexis St George, Karen Waller, Vince Cakic, 'The Pattern of Complaints about Australian Wind Farms Does Not Match the Establishment and Distribution of Turbines: Support for the Psychogenic, ‘Communicated Disease’ Hypothesis', PLOS ONE, 16 October 2013, http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0076584 ; See also Professor Chapman's response to criticisms of the methodology of this study raised by Dr McMurtry (Committee Hansard, 29 June 2015, p. 9) at Professor Simon Chapman, Answers to questions on notice arising from 29 June public hearing.

[73]      Professor Simon Chapman, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2015, p. 28; see committee majority comments at Senate Select Committee on Wind Turbines, Final Report, August 2015, p. 18.

[74]      Professor Simon Chapman, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2015, p. 28.

[75]      Ms Fiona Crichton, Committee Hansard, 19 June 2015, p. 1.

[76]      Ms Fiona Crichton, Committee Hansard, 19 June 2015, p. 2.

[77]      Ms Fiona Crichton, Committee Hansard, 19 June 2015, p. 2.

[78]      Dr Geoff Leventhall, Committee Hansard, 23 June 2015, p. 9.

[79]      Australian Psychological Society, Submission 406, p. 5.

[80]      Climate and Health Alliance, Submission 331, pp 5–6.

[81]      Professor Simon Chapman, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2015, p. 30.

[82]      Ms Kim Forde, Committee Hansard, 19 May 2015, p. 81.

[83]      The Hon Peter Rae AO, Documents tabled at 29 June public hearing, p. [9].

[84]      Mr Danny Nielsen, Answers to questions on notice arising from 9 June 2015 public hearing, p. [4].

[85]      Ms Megan Wheatley, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2015, pp 34–35.

[86]      Ms Lilli-Ann Green, Submission 467; Ms Lilli-Ann Green, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2015, pp 1–6.

[87]      Ms Lilli-Ann Green, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2015, pp 4–5.

[88]      Mr Ken McAlpine, Committee Hansard, 9 June 2015, p. 31.

[89]      Ms Megan Wheatley, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2015, p.

[90]      Senvion Australia, Submission 404, p. 6.

[91]      Senvion Australia, Submission 404, p. 6.

[92]      World Health Organization, Occupational Exposure to Noise: evaluation, prevention and control, p.41, http://www.who.int/occupational_health/publications/occupnoise/en, accessed 2 August 2015; see committee majority comments at Senate Select Committee on Wind Turbines, Final Report, August 2015, p.17.

[93]      Mr Christopher Turnbull, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2015, p.5.

[94]      Mr Christopher Turnbull, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2015, p.5.

[95]      Dr Renzo Tonin, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2015, p.5

[96]      Dr Renzo Tonin, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2015, p.5.

[97]      Dr Norm Broner, Committee Hansard, 29 June, p. 82.

[98]      Dr Norm Broner, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2015, p. 83.

[99]      Mr Peter Dolan, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2015, p. 12.

[100]    Mr Peter Dolan, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2015, p. 13.

[101]    South Australian Environment Protection Authority, Infrasound levels near windfarms and in other environments, January 2013, p. 41, http://www.epa.sa.gov.au/environmental_info/noise/types_of_noise/wind_farms

[102]    Dr Geoff Leventhall, Committee Hansard, 23 June 2015, p. 9.

[103]    Dr Geoff Leventhall, Committee Hansard, 23 June 2015, p. 12.

[104]    For a discussion of the threshold of perception for infrasound, see South Australian Environment Protection Authority, Infrasound levels near windfarms and in other environments, January 2013, pp 3–5, http://www.epa.sa.gov.au/environmental_info/noise/types_of_noise/wind_farms

[105]    See Pacific Hydro, 'Cape Bridgewater Wind Farm Acoustic Study', http://www.pacifichydro.com.au/english/our-communities/communities/cape-bridgewater-acoustic-study-report/, accessed 23 July 2015.

[106]    Pacific Hydro and The Acoustic Group, 'Joint statement – Pacific Hydro & The Acoustic Group', p. 1, http://www.pacifichydro.com.au/files/2015/02/Pacific-Hydro-The-Acoustic-Group-Joint-statement-16-February.pdf, accessed 23 July 2015.

[107]    Senate Select Committee on Wind Turbines, Final Report, August 2015, p.11

[108]    Pacific Hydro and The Acoustic Group, 'Joint statement – Pacific Hydro & The Acoustic Group', p. 2, http://www.pacifichydro.com.au/files/2015/02/Pacific-Hydro-The-Acoustic-Group-Joint-statement-16-February.pdf, accessed 23 July 2015; see also Mr Andrew Richards, Committee Hansard, 30 March 2015, p. 13.

[109]    Association of Australian Acoustical Consultants, Submission 194, p. [1].

[110]    Mr Chris Turnbull, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2015, p. 12.

[111]    Dr Renzo Tonin, Committee Hansard, 10 June 2015, p. 11. Professor Simon Chapman has supported the AAAC analysis and noted that he is preparing a critique of the Cooper study to be 'submitted to an international peer reviewed journal as a case study illustration of how "research" with manifest problems can be used by opponents of renewable energy to advance their goals'. See Professor Simon Chapman, Answers to questions on notice arising from 29 June public hearing.

[112]    Dr Geoff Leventhall, Submission 379, p. 4.

[113]    Dr Elizabeth Hanna, Committee Hansard, 19 June 2015, p. 20.

[114]    Environment, Resources and Development Court of South Australia, Tru Energy Renewable Developments Pty Ltd v Regional Council of Goyder and Ors, p.18.

[115]    Environment, Resources and Development Court of South Australia, Tru Energy Renewable Developments Pty Ltd v Regional Council of Goyder and Ors, 4 November 2014, p. 29, p. 30, p. 38.

[116]    Judgement of the Environmental Review Tribunal in the case of Bovaird v.Director, Ministry of the Environment, pp 108–109, http://www.dufferinwindpower.ca/Portals/23/Downloads/Final/ERT%20decision%20DWPI%20dec%2023-13.pdf , accessed 3 August 2015.

[117]    Alberta Utilities Commission Decision 2014-040, 20 February 2014, p. 69, http://www.auc.ab.ca/applications/decisions/Decisions/2014/2014-040%20%28Errata%29.pdf , accessed 3 August 2015.

[118]    Senate Select Committee on Wind Turbines, Final Report, August 2015, p. 24.

[119]    Senate Select Committee on Wind Turbines, Final Report, August 2015, p. 24.

[120]    Dr David Iser, Committee Hansard, 9 June 2015, p. 80.

[121]    Dr David Iser, Committee Hansard, 9 June 2015, pp 80–81.

[122]    Dr David Iser, Answers to questions on notice from arising from 9 June 2015 public hearing, p. 1.

[123]    Senate Select Committee on Wind Turbines, Final Report, August 2015, p. 24.

[124]    Bolin, K., Bluhm, G, Eriksson, G, and Nilssen, ME, 'Infrasound and low frequency noise from wind turbines: exposure and health effects', Environmental Research Letters, Vol 6, No.3 2011, p.4.

[125]    Bolin, K., Bluhm, G, Eriksson, G, and Nilssen, ME, 'Infrasound and low frequency noise from wind turbines: exposure and health effects', Environmental Research Letters, Vol 6, No.3 2011 p.5.

[126]    Senate Select Committee on Wind Turbines, Final Report, August 2015, p. 24.

[127]    Association of Australian Acoustical Consultants, Answers to questions on notice from arising from 10 June 2015 public hearing, p.7.

[128]    Professor Simon Chapman, 'Wind turbine sickness prevented by money drug', 29 March 2011, www.abc.net.au/news/2011-03-29/windturbinesicknesspreventedbythedruge2809cmoneye28/45730, accessed 2 August 2015.

[129]    Ms Fiona Crichton, Committee Hansard, 19 June 2015, p. 1.

[130]    Senate Select Committee on Wind Turbines, Final Report, August 2015, p.16

[131]    Association of Australian Acoustical Consultants, Response to questions on notice arising from 10 June public hearing, pp 8–9.

[132]    Green Bay Press Gazette, 'No action on wind farm', 3 March  2015, http://www.greenbaypressgazette.com/story/news/local/2015/03/03/action-wind-farm-county-health-board/24351511/ , accessed 2 August 2015.

[133]    Stop these Things, '21 Peer Reviewed Articles on the Adverse Health Effects of Wind Turbine Noise' stopthesethings.com/2014/12/17/21-peer-reviewed-articles-on-the-adverse-health-effects-of-wind-turbine-noise/ , accessed 2 August 2015

[134]    Professor Simon Chapman, Response to questions on Notice from Senator Urquhart arising from 29 June 2015 public hearing.

[135]    Ontario Environmental Review Tribunal Decision on Alliance to Protect Prince Edward County v. Director, Ministry of the Environment, p. 30.

[136]    Dr Robert McMurtry, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2015, p. 9.

[137]    Senate Select Committee on Wind Turbines, Final Report, August 2015,  p. 23.

[138]    Association of Australian Acoustical Consultants, Answers to questions on notice arising from 10 June 2015 public hearing, p. 2.

[139]    Dr Geoff Leventhall, Answers to questions on notice from Senator Madigan arising from 23 June 2015 public hearing, p.2.

[140]    Dr Peter Tait, Committee Hansard, 19 May 2015, p. 43.

[141]    Climate and Health Alliance, Health and Energy Choices: Background Briefing Paper, November 2014, p. 1, http://caha.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Health-Energy-Choices-Bkgd-Briefing-Paper-201411081.pdf, accessed 24 July 2015.

[142]    International Panel on Climate Change, Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation, 2011, pp. 559–560, http://srren.ipcc-wg3.de/report/IPCC_SRREN_Ch07.pdf, accessed 27 July 2015.

[143]    Senate Select Committee on Wind Turbines, Interim Report, June 2015, pp. 1–3.

[144]    Australian Centre for Environmental Law, Submission 462, p. 4.

[145]    For a list of these statues see footnote 13 Australian Centre for Environmental Law, Submission 462, p. 4.

[146]    Australian Centre for Environmental Law, Submission 462, p. 8.

[147]    Intergovernmental Agreement on the Environment, 1992, schedule 2, point 4, http://www.environment.gov.au/about-us/esd/publications/intergovernmental-agreement , accessed 27 July 2015.

[148]    Australian Centre for Environmental Law, Submission 462, p. 6.

[149]    Clean Energy Council, Submission 450, p. 8.

[150]    Sonus, Wind Farms Technical Paper: Environmental Noise, November 2010, p. 4, http://www.epuron.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/dt_intfc4ef928e173cce_4ef948ee6b1b1.pdf?Noise%20-%20Sonus%20-%20Wind%20Farms%20Technical%20Paper%20-%20Nov%202010.pdf , accessed 27 July 2015.

[151]    Sonus, Wind Farms Technical Paper: Environmental Noise, November 2010, pp. 17–18, http://www.epuron.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/dt_intfc4ef928e173cce_4ef948ee6b1b1.pdf?Noise%20-%20Sonus%20-%20Wind%20Farms%20Technical%20Paper%20-%20Nov%202010.pdf , accessed 27 July 2015.

[152]    Vestas, Answers to questions on notice arising from 9 June public hearing, p. [3].

[153]    For example, see Mr Greg Chemello, Committee Hansard, 18 May 2015, p. 21; Mr John Ginivan, Committee Hansard, 9 June 2015, pp 8–9; Mr Peter Dolan, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2015, p. 12.

[154]    South Australian Government, Submission 59, p. 7.

[155]    ACT Government, Submission 12, p. [2].

[156]    Clean Energy Council, Submission 450, p. 8.

[157]    Clean Energy Council, Answers to questions on notice arising from 9 June 2015 public hearing, p. 2.

[158]    Infigen Energy, Submission 425, p. 11.

[159]    Infigen Energy, Submission 425, p. 11.

[160]    AGL, Submission 83, p. 4.

[161]    RATCH-Australia Corporation, Submission 116, p. [2].

[162]    Australian Wind Alliance, Submission 443, p. [5].

[163]    Australian Wind Alliance, Submission 443, pp [5–6].

[164]    Clean Energy Council, 'Community Engagement Guidelines for the Australian Wind Industry', http://www.cleanenergycouncil.org.au/technologies/wind-energy/community-engagement-guidelines.html, accessed 27 July 2015.

[165]    Clean Energy Council, 'Community Engagement Guidelines for the Australian Wind Industry', foreword, http://www.cleanenergycouncil.org.au/technologies/wind-energy/community-engagement-guidelines.html, accessed 27 July 2015.

[166]    Simon Chapman, Alexis St George, Karen Waller, Vince Cakic, 'The Pattern of Complaints about Australian Wind Farms Does Not Match the Establishment and Distribution of Turbines: Support for the Psychogenic, ‘Communicated Disease’ Hypothesis', PLOS ONE, 16 October 2013, http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0076584

[167]    Victorian Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Answers to questions on notice arising from the 9 June public hearing, p.3.

[168]    Glenelg Shire Council, Answers to questions taken on notice during 30 March public hearing, p. 1.

[169]    For examples of this position see evidence provided by representatives of the Glenelg Shire Council, Ararat Rural City Council and Pyrenees Shire Council, Committee Hansard, 30 March 2015, pp 32–39.

[170]    Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, Submission 112, p. 4.

[171]    Queensland Government, Submission 413, p. 2.

[172]    Senate Environment and Communications Legislation Committee, Renewable Energy (Electricity) Amendment (Excessive Noise from Wind Farms) Bill 2012, November 2012, p. 42.

[173]    Department of the Environment, Submission 358, p. 9.

[174]    Department of the Environment, Submission 358, p. 9.

[175]    Clean Energy Council, Submission 450, p. 8.

[176]    South Australian Government, Submission 59, p. 8.

[177]    Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, Submission 112, p. 5.

[178]    NSW Department of Planning and Infrastructure, NSW Planning Guidelines: Wind Farms (draft for consultation), December 2011, p. 7, http://www.planning.nsw.gov.au/Portals/0/PolicyAndLegislation/NSW_Wind_Farm_Guidelines_Web_Dec2011.pdf, accessed 28 July 2015.

[179]    NSW Government, 'Wind farms meet noise limits, breach other conditions', Media Release, 6 December 2013, http://www.planning.nsw.gov.au/wind-farms-audit, accessed 28 July 2015.

[180]    Mr Peter Dolan, Committee Hansard, 29 June 2015, p. 15; see also South Australian Environment Protection Authority, 'Waterloo Wind Farm Environmental Noise Study', http://www.epa.sa.gov.au/environmental_info/noise/types_of_noise/wind_farms/waterloo_wind_farm_environmental_noise_study , accessed 28 July 2015.

[181]    Pacific Hydro, Submission 419, p. 18.

[182]    Pacific Hydro and The Acoustic Group, 'Joint Statement', 16 February 2015, http://www.pacifichydro.com.au/files/2015/02/Pacific-Hydro-The-Acoustic-Group-Joint-statement-16-February.pdf, accessed 29 July 2015.

[183]    Trustpower, Answers to questions on notice arising from 10 June public hearing, p. [2].

[184]    AGL, Submission 83, p. 6.

[185]    Australian Wind Alliance, Submission 443, p. 6.

[186]    Municipal Association of Victoria, Committee Hansard, 9 June 2015, p. 54.

[187]    Dr James Prest, Submission 462, p. 11.

[188]    Environment Protection and Heritage Council, Report on Impediments to Environmentally and Socially Responsible Wind Farm Development, November 2008, p. 5, http://www.scew.gov.au/system/files/resources/afb015f4-8b55-6904-716c-d26bcf317c86/files/ephc-wind-farm-dev-report.pdf, accessed 28 July 2015.

[189]    Environment Protection and Heritage Council, Report on Impediments to Environmentally and Socially Responsible Wind Farm Development, November 2008, p. 6, http://www.scew.gov.au/system/files/resources/afb015f4-8b55-6904-716c-d26bcf317c86/files/ephc-wind-farm-dev-report.pdf, accessed 28 July 2015.

[190]    Department of the Environment, Submission 358, p. 10.

[191]    Department of the Environment, Submission 358, p. 10. A more detailed account of criticisms of the draft guidelines can be found at Senate Community Affairs References Committee, The Social and Economic Impact of Rural Wind Farms, June 2011, pp 46–49.

[192]    Senate Community Affairs References Committee, The Social and Economic Impact of Rural Wind Farms, June 2011, p. 49.

[193]    Department of the Environment, Submission 358, p. 10.

[194]    Clean Energy Council, Submission 450, p. 9.

[195]    South Australian Government, Submission 59, p. 9.

[196]    Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, Submission 112, p. 6.

[197]    Senate Select Committee on Wind Turbines, Interim Report, June 2015.

[198]    Josh Taylor, 'Gone with the wind farms: govt moves to fetter renewables, states say no', Crikey Insider, 21 July 2015.

[199]    Department of the Environment, Submission 358, p. 7.

[200]    Clean Energy Council, Submission 450, p. 9.

[201]    Clean Energy Council, Submission 450, p. 10; Infigen, Submission 425, pp 13–14; Ms Emma Bennett, Submission 267, p. [1]; Wallace Erickson, Gregory Johnson and David Young Jr, 'A summary and comparison of bird mortality from anthropogenic causes with an emphasis on collisions', tabled by Ms Emma Bennett at 9 June 2015 public hearing.

[202]    Environment Victoria, Submission 304, p. [2].

[203]    South Australian Government, Submission 59, p. 9.

[204]    Ms Emma Bennett, Committee Hansard, 9 June 2015, p. 33.

[205]    See Department of Sustainability and Environment, Advisory list of threatened vertebrate fauna in Victoria, 2013, p. 11, http://www.depi.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/210439/Advisory-List-of-Threatened-Vertebrate-Fauna_FINAL-2013.pdf, accessed 14 July 2015. The brolga is also listed as a species of 'least concern' in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, see Antigone rubicunda entry http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/summary/22692067/0, accessed 14 July 2015.

[206]    Brolga Recovery Group, Submission 107, p. [3], see also Committee Hansard, 9 June 2015, pp 38–43.

[207]    Ms Emma Bennett, Committee Hansard, 9 June 2015, p. 35.

[208]    Mrs Susan Dennis, Committee Hansard, 9 June 2015, p. 40.

[209]    AGL, Submission 83, p. 6.

[210]    Ms Emma Bennett, Committee Hansard, 9 June 2015, pp 33–34.

[211]    Ms Emma Bennett, Committee Hansard, 9 June 2015, p. 34.

[212]    Ms Emma Bennett, Committee Hansard, 9 June 2015, p. 35.

[213]    NSW Rural Fire Service, Submission 97, p. 1.

[214]    NSW Rural Fire Service, Submission 97, p. 1.

[215]    NSW Rural Fire Service, Submission 97, p. 8.

[216]    Pacific Hydro, Answers to questions taken on notice during 30 March public hearing, pp. [5–6].

[217]    Mr Andrew Andreou, Committee Hansard, 30 March 2015, p. 40; Victorian Country Fire Authority, Submission 14 – Attachment 1.

[218]    Mr Craig Brownlie, Committee Hansard, 30 March 2015, p. 41.

[219]    Mr Craig Brownlie, Committee Hansard, 30 March 2015, p. 41.

[220]    Australian Wind Alliance, Answers to written questions on notice, 7 July 2015, p. 10.

[221]    Trustpower, Answers to questions taken on notice at 16 June public hearing, p. 3; Infigen Energy also commented on improved access for firefighters at the Snowtown windfarm and provided photos of the firefighting operations in its submission, see Submission 425, pp. 14–16.

[222]    Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Answers to written questions on notice, 11 June 2015, p. [1].

[223]    Parksbourne/Mummel Landscape Guardians Inc, Submission 119, p. 91; Mr Jim Hutson, Submission 30.

[224]    Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Response to Submission 119, p. 2.

[225]    Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Response to Submission 119, p. 1.

[226]    Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Response to Submission 119, p. 1.

[227]    Aerial Agricultural Association of Australia, Submission 20, p. 1.

[228]    Clean Energy Council, Submission 450, pp 10-11.

[229]    Vestas, Answers to questions taken on notice at 9 June public hearing, p. [4].

[230]    National Airports Safeguarding Framework Guideline D, p. 6, https://infrastructure.gov.au/aviation/environmental/airport_safeguarding/nasf/files/4.1.3_Guideline_D_Wind_Turbines.pdf, accessed 15 July 2015.

[231]    Energy Supply Association of Australia, Submission 299, p. 3.

[232]    RATCH-Australia Corporation, Answers to Questions taken on notice during 18 May public hearing, p. 5.

[233]    Siemens, Press Release, 'Siemens publishes Environment Product Declarations for wind turbines', 26 November 2014, http://www.siemens.com/press/pool/de/pressemitteilungen/2014/windpower-renewables/PR2014110070WPEN.pdf, accessed 10 July 2015.

[234]    Vestas Australian Wind Technology, Submission 298, p. [6]

[235]    Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water, Wind Energy in NSW: Facts and Myths, p. 27, http://masg.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2008/06/Wind-Energy-In-NSW-Myths-and-Facts.pdf , accessed 10 July 2015.

[236]    AGL, Answers to questions taken on notice during 19 May public hearing, p. 2.

[237]    Department of the Environment, Submission 358, pp 12–13.

[238]    Dick Warburton, Brian Fisher, Shirley In't Veld, Matt Zema, Renewable Energy Target Scheme: report of the Expert Panel, 15 August 2014, p. 11.

[239]    Dick Warburton, Brian Fisher, Shirley In't Veld, Matt Zema, Renewable Energy Target Scheme: report of the Expert Panel, 15 August 2014, p. 41.

[240]    Pitt & Sherry, 'Carbon emission index – electricity emissions update – data to 30 June 2015', http://www.pittsh.com.au/assets/files/Cedex/CEDEX%20Electricity%20Update%20July%202015.pdf , accessed 14 July 2015.

[241]    South Australian Government, Submission 59, p. 10.

[242]    Mr Hamish Cumming, Submission 31, p. [3]; see also evidence at Committee Hansard, 30 March 2015, pp 45–62.

[243]    AGL, Answers to questions taken on notice during 19 May public hearing, p. 4.

[244]    Dr Joseph Wheatley, Committee Hansard, 19 May 2015, pp 77–79; see also Dr Joseph Wheatley, Submission 348.

[245]    Dr Joseph Wheatley, Committee Hansard, 19 May 2015, p. 77; Dr Joseph Wheatley, Submission 348; see also Mr Peter Lang, Committee Hansard, 19 May 2015, pp. 59–62; Mr Peter Lang, Submission 259.

[246]    Australian Wind Alliance, Answers to questions on notice arising from 19 May public hearing, pp [1–2].

[247]    Australian Wind Alliance, Answers to questions on notice arising from 19 May public hearing, p. [2].

[248]    Dr David Osmond and Luke Osborne, Peaking Capacity, CO2-e Emissions and Pricing in the South Australian Electricity Grid with High Wind Penetration 2005-2013, p. 4, http://www.windlab.com/sites/default/files/20110915_SouthAustralianWindPower_DO_LHO.pdf, accessed 21 July 2015.

[249]    Clean Energy Regulator, Response to Submission 31, p. 2.

[250]    Australian Energy Market Operator, Submission 469, p. 11.

[251]    Australian Energy Market Operator, Submission 469, p. 11.

[252]    Australian Energy Market Operator, Submission 469, p. 4.

[253]    Mr Andrew Richards, Committee Hansard, 30 March 2015, pp 14–15. For a detailed explanation of the Australian Wind Energy Forecasting System, see AEMO, 'AWEFS', http://www.aemo.com.au/Electricity/Market-Operations/Dispatch/AWEFS, accessed 20 July 2015.

[254]    Mr Joseph Hallenstein, Committee Hansard, 18 March 2015, pp 7–9.

[255]    Pacific Hydro, Answers to questions taken on notice during 30 March public hearing, p. [4].

[256]    Clean Energy Regulator, Response to Submission 31, p. 3.

[257]    Association for Research of Renewable Energy in Australia, Submission 372, pp 10–11; see also evidence at Committee Hansard, 29 June 2015, pp 54–58.

[258]    Clean Energy Regulator, Response to Submission 31, pp 1–2.