Footnotes
Executive summary
[1]
A term used by Ian Kemish, 'PNG is changing and we need to keep up', Debate:
The Embarrassed Colonialist, Lowy Interpreter, 23 February 2016.
[2]
YWAM Medical Ships, 'YWAM's Medical Ships half way through successful
outreach', Media release, 19 April 2016.
Chapter 1 - Introduction
[1]
Journals of the Senate, 4 December 2014, p. 1987.
[2]
Journals of the Senate, 23 November 2015, p. 3419; Journals of
the Senate, 22 February 2016, p. 3749.
Chapter 2 - Background
[1]
UNDP, Human Development Report 1994, p. 94.
[2]
Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Aid Program Performance
Report 2014-15 – Papua New Guinea, November 2015, p. 4.
[3]
For example, Mr Mat Kimberley, DFAT, Committee Hansard, 27
November 2015, p. 20.
[4]
Papua New Guinea Vision 2050, p. 74.
[5]
Review of the PNG-Australian Development Cooperation Treaty (1999),
19 April 2010, p. 15.
[6]
Submission 42, p. 13.
[7]
DFAT, Australian Aid Budget Summary 2016-17, May 2016, p. 11. In
2015-16 and 2016-17, PNG's allocation includes $49.4 million per annum under
the Joint Understanding between Australian and PNG on Further Bilateral
Cooperation on Health, Educations and Law and Order (Joint Understanding).
[8]
DFAT, Submission 26, p. 5. Mr Mat Kimberley, DFAT, Committee
Hansard, 27 November 2015, p. 18.
[9] DFAT, Aid
Program Performance Report 2013-14, Papua New Guinea, September 2015, p. 2.
[10]
DFAT, Performance of Australian Aid 2013-14, February 2015, p. 23.
[11]
Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade References Committee, Australia's
overseas aid and development assistance program, March 2014, pp 93-99.
[12]
RM Bourke et al, 'Estimated impact of drought and frost on food supply in
rural PNG in 2015', Development Policy Centre, Policy Brief 11, January
2016, p. 4.
[13]
The Hon Julie Bishop MP, Foreign Minister, 'Supporting Drought Efforts
Across the Pacific', Media Release, 7 November 2015.
[14]
PNG Government, Final Budget Outcome 2015, p. 4.
[15]
Submission 26, supplementary submission 1, p. 1.
[16]
Paul Flanagan, 'PNG's frightening Final Budget Outcome', Devpolicy Blog,
4 April 2016, available at: http://devpolicy.org/pngs-frightening-final-budget-outcome-20160404/
(accessed 21 April 2016).
[17]
Jonathan Pryke, 'Papua New Guinea's new economic reality', Lowy
Interpreter, 20 April 2016, available at http://www.lowyinterpreter.org/post/2016/04/20/Papua-New-Guineas-new-economic-reality.aspx
(accessed 21 April 2016).
[18]
PNG Government, 2016 National Budget, Volume 1: Economic Development
Policies, p. 12.
Chapter 3 - Objectives and delivery issues
[1]
Foreign Affairs and Trade, Portfolio Budget Statements 2015-16,
p. 18.
[2]
DFAT, Aid Investment Plan: PNG 2015-16 to 2017-18, 2015, p. 3.
[3]
'The Alotau Accord – 2012 Summary of O’Neill Government Priorities',
July 2012.
[4]
PNG Government, Medium Term Development Plan 2 2016-2017, p. 47.
[5]
Submission 16, p. 1.
[6]
Submission 22, p. 8.
[7]
Submission 32, p. 3.
[8]
Submission 32, p. 4.
[9]
Submission 22, p. 11.
[10]
Submission 28, p. 2.
[11]
Submission 1, p. 4.
[12]
Submission 1, p. 2.
[13]
Submission 14, p. 2.
[14]
Submission 10, p. 2.
[15]
DFAT, Submission 26, p. 1.
[16]
Submission 43, p. 3.
[17]
OECD DAC, Submission 6, p. 2.
[18]
Submission 41, pp, 6, 25.
[19]
Submission 14, p. 2.
[20]
Department of Defence, Defence White Paper 2016, p. 127.
[21]
Submission 17, p. 2.
[22]
Review of the PNG-Australia Development Cooperation Treaty, April
2010, p. 2.
[23]
Submission 17, pp 3-4.
[24]
Submission 22, p. 4.
[25]
Submission 22, pp 4-5.
[26]
Committee Hansard, 27 November 2015, p. 30.
[27]
DFAT, 'Global development: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development',
available at http://dfat.gov.au/aid/topics/development-issues/global-development-agenda/Pages/global-development-agenda.aspx
(accessed 3 May 2016).
[28]
Submission 10, p. 3; Submission 38, p. 2.
[29]
Submission 20, p. 2.
[30]
Submission 41, p. 9.
[31]
Submission 26, p. 50.
[32]
Submission 26, p. 50.
[33]
Submission 22, p. 18.
[34]
Submission 32, pp 5-6.
[35]
Submission 41, p. 19.
[36]
Submission 41, p. 20.
[37]
Submission 23, p. 2.
[38]
Submission 23, p. 3.
[39]
Submission 23, p. 2.
[40]
Submission 8, p. 9.
[41]
Committee Hansard, 21 September 2015, p. 17.
[42]
Submission 28, p. 8.
[43]
Submission 42, p. 36.
[44]
Submission 28, pp 5-6.
[45]
Submission 24, p. 3.
[46]
Submission 24, p. 4.
[47]
DFAT, response to question on notice from hearing on 27 November 2015.
[48]
Submission 26, supplementary submission 2, p. 1.
[49]
Committee Hansard, 27 November 2015, pp 19, 28.
[50]
'PNG removes foreign advisers with 15 Australian Government aid positions
targeted', ABC News, 6 January 2016, available at: http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-01-06/png-removes-foreign-advisers/7070344
(accessed 11 February 2016).
[51]
Submission 1, p. 4.
[52]
Submission 1, p. 4.
[53]
Submission 43, p. 9.
[54]
Submission 6, p. 5.
[55]
Submission 23, p. 5.
[56]
Submission 22, p. 7.
[57]
Submission 32, pp 5-6.
[58]
Committee Hansard, 22 September 2015, p. 8.
[59]
Submission 42, pp 24-25.
[60]
Submission 8, p. 10.
[61]
Committee Hansard, 21 September 2015, p. 22.
[62]
Submission 18, p. 6.
[63]
Submission 41, p. 10.
[64]
Submission 14, p. 1.
[65]
The Hon Julie Bishop MP, Foreign Minister, 'Australia, China and PNG
Working Together to Tackle Malaria', Media release, 8 November 2015.
[66]
Submission 26, p. 37.
[67]
Submission 26, p. 37.
[68]
DFAT, A new direction for Australian aid in PNG, 2014, p. 6.
[69]
DFAT, Aid Investment Plan – PNG 2015-16 to 2017-18, 2015, pp 8-9.
[70]
Submission 5, p. 14.
[71]
Submission 17, p. 4.
[72]
Karl Claxton and Peter Jennings,'A stitch in time: preserving peace on
Bougainville', APSI Special Report, November 2013, p. 9.
[73]
Submission 13, p. 7.
[74]
Submission 23, p. 5.
[75]
Submission 34, p. 3.
[76]
Foreign Affairs and Trade, Portfolio Budget Statements 2015-16, p.
19.
[77]
Address by the Hon Peter O'Neill MP, Prime Minister of PNG, 14 May 2015, http://auspng.lowyinstitute.org/publications/address-hon-peter-oneill-cmg-mp-prime-minister-papua-new-guinea
(accessed 4 May 2016).
[78]
Committee Hansard, 27 November 2015, p. 2.
[79]
Committee Hansard, 22 September 2015, p. 34.
[80]
Submission 42, p. 29.
[81]
Submission 26, p. 38. See also DFAT, Economic and
Development Benefits to PNG of the Regional Resettlement Arrangement, as at 8
September 2015, pp 1-2.
[82]
Submission 22, p. 11.
[83]
Submission 16, p. 8.
[84]
Submission 41, p. 8.
[85]
Eric Tlozek and Stephanie Anderson, 'PNG's Supreme Court rules detention
of asylum seekers on Manus Island is illegal', ABC News, 27 April 2016,
available at http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-04-26/png-court-rules-asylum-seeker-detention-manus-island-illegal/7360078
(accessed 27 April 2016); Stephanie Anderson, 'Manus Island detention centre to
be shut, Papua New Guinea Prime Minister Peter O'Neill says', ABC News, 28
April 2016, available at http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-04-27/png-pm-oneill-to-shut-manus-island-detention-centre/7364414
(accessed 28 April 2016).
[86]
Committee Hansard, 21 September 2015, p. 9.
[87]
Submission 19, p. 8.
[88]
Committee Hansard, 21 September 2015, p. 8.
[89]
Submission 47, p. 10.
[90]
Submission 3, p. 2.
[91]
Submission 22, p. 10.
[92]
OECD DAC, Development aid in 2015 continues to grow despite costs for
in-donor refugees, 13 April 2016, pp 2, 6.
[93]
Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade References Committee, Australia's
overseas aid and development assistance program, March 2014, pp 94-95.
[94]
UK Department for International Development, Provisional UK ODA as a
proportion of GNI 2015, p. 4 (depending on methodology used).
[95]
Stephen Howes and Johnathan Pryke, 'Biggest aid cuts ever produce our
least generous aid budget ever', DevPolicy Blog, 15 December 2014, available
at: http://devpolicy.org/biggest-aid-cuts-ever-produce-our-least-generous-aid-budget-ever-20141215-2/.
[96]
DFAT, Aid Investment Plan: Papua New Guinea 2015-16 to 2017-18, p.
3.
[97]
Stephen Howes et al, A Lost Decade: Service Delivery and Reforms in PNG
2002-2012, October 2014, p. xiii.
[98]
PNG Office of the Prime Minister, 'PM O'Neill: Manus Regional Processing
Centre will close', Media Release, 27 April 2016.
[99]
OECD DAC, Submission 6, p. 2.
[100] World Food Programme, Submission
2, p. 1.
[101] PNG-Australian Aid
Partnership Arrangement 2016-17, p. 6.
Chapter 4 - Improving progress
[1]
Committee Hansard, 27 November 2015, p. 19.
[2]
DFAT, Aid Investment Plan: PNG 2015-16 to 2017-18, p. 9.
[3]
Submission 42, p. 20, 26.
[4]
DFAT, Aid Program Performance Report 2014-15: PNG, November 2015,
p. 13
[5]
Submission 28, p. 2.
[6]
Submission 43, pp 5-6.
[7]
Committee Hansard, 27 November 2015, p. 3.
[8]
PNG Auditor-General Office of PNG, District Services Improvement
Program, Report 3, February 2014, p. 12.
[9]
Submission 26, p. 6.
[10]
Committee Hansard, 27 November 2015, p. 18.
[11]
Foreign Affairs and Trade, Portfolio Budget Statements 2015-16, p.
15.
[12]
The Hon Julie Bishop MP, Foreign Minister, 'Papua New Guinea: Pacific
Leadership and Governance Precinct launch', Media release, 6 November
2015.
[13]
Mr Mat Kimberley, DFAT, Committee Hansard, 27 November 2015, pp 19,
27.
[14]
DFAT, 'Pacific Leadership and Governance Precinct', tabled on 27 November
2015.
[15]
Submission 26, p. 30.
[16]
Submission 43, p. 4.
[17]
Submission 41, p. 17.
[18]
Submission 32, p. 9.
[19]
Submission 28, p. 4.
[20]
Submission 28, p. 4.
[21]
Submission 28, p. 7.
[22]
Submission 41, p. 20.
[23]
Submission 32, p. 9.
[24]
Submission 22, p. 2
[25]
Submission 22, p. 15.
[26]
Submission 26, pp 55-56.
[27]
Submission 10, p. 11.
[28]
Submission 41, p. 12.
[29]
Submission 41, p. 13.
[30]
Submission 32, p. 5.
[31]
Submission 21, p. 9.
[32]
Submission 21, p. 4.
[33]
Submission 10, p. 3.
[34]
Submission 26, p. 18.
[35]
Committee Hansard, 21 September 2015, p. 29.
[36]
Submission 3, p. 2.
[37]
Committee Hansard, 27 November 2015, p. 22.
[38]
Committee Hansard, 27 November 2015, p. 22.
[39]
Committee Hansard, 21 September 2015, p. 29.
[40]
DFAT, response to question on notice from hearing on 27 November 2015.
[41]
Submission 19, p. 3.
[42]
Submission 19, p. 6.
[43]
Committee Hansard, 21 September 2015, p. 32.
[44]
Committee Hansard, 21 September 2015, p. 31.
[45]
Committee Hansard, 27 November 2015, p. 22.
[46]
Submission 16, p. 5.
[47]
Submission 51, p. 13.
[48]
Submission 22, p. 14.
[49]
Submission 22, p. 14.
[50]
Submission 10, p. 3.
[51]
Submission 10, p. 12.
[52]
Submission 32, p. 5.
[53]
Committee Hansard, 27 November 2015, p. 19.
[54]
Submission 32, p. 10.
[55]
Submission 22, pp 17-18.
[56]
Committee Hansard, 21 September 2015, p. 26.
[57]
Submission 10, p. 12.
[58]
Submission 16, p. 6.
[59]
Submission 41, p. 11.
[60]
Submission 26, p. 24.
[61]
For example, Save the Children, Submission 41, p. 10.
[62]
Submission 1, p. 3.
[63]
World Bank, Submission 4, pp 13-14.
[64]
Submission 16, p. 5.
[65]
Submission 5, p. 5.
[66]
For example, Mr O'Callaghan, Church Agencies Network, Committee Hansard,
21 September 2015, p. 21.
[67]
Submission 1, p. 3.
[68]
Committee Hansard, 22 September 2015, p. 33.
[69]
Submission 14, p. 3.
[70]
Submission 42, p. 40.
[71]
Submission 25, p. 2.
[72]
Submission 14, p. 3.
[73]
Submission 14, p. 3.
[74]
Sadaf Lakhani and Alys Willman, 'Trends in Crime and Violence in PNG',
World Bank report, May 2014, p. 3.
[75]
For example, Victorian Bar, Submission 12, p.7.
[76]
Mr Mat Kimberley, DFAT, Committee Hansard, 27 November 2015, p. 21.
[77]
Submission 12, pp 4-5.
[78]
Submission 39, p. 10.
[79]
Submission 26, pp 27-28.
[80]
UNDP, 2014 National Human Development Report: Papua New Guinea, p.
3.
[81]
Submission 28, p. 2.
[82]
Submission 29, p. i.
[83]
Submission 26, p. 35.
[84]
Submission 22, pp 15-16.
[85]
Submission 24, p. 6.
[86]
Submission 36, p. 3.
[87]
Submission 16, p. 7.
[88]
Submission 22, p. 17.
[89]
Mr O'Callaghan, Church Agencies Network, Committee Hansard, 21
September 2015, p. 17.
[90]
Submission 23, p. 3.
[91]
Submission 41, p. 15.
[92]
Submission 26, p. 59.
Chapter 5 - Private sector engagement
[1]
DFAT, Aid Investment Plan: Papua New Guinea 2015-16 to 2017-18,
p. 6.
[2]
Submission 26, p. 34.
[3]
24th Australia-Papua New Guinea Ministerial Forum, Joint Communique,
3 March 2016, available at http://dfat.gov.au/geo/papua-new-guinea/Pages/24th-australia-papua-new-guinea-ministerial-forum-joint-communique.aspx
(accessed 5 April 2016).
[4]
Submission 6, p. 4.
[5]
Submission 11, p. 2.
[6]
World Bank, Doing Business 2016: Measuring Regulatory Quality and
Efficiency, 2016, p. 5.
[7]
Submission 11, p. 6.
[8]
Submission 5, p. 2.
[9]
Submission 1, p. 3.
[10]
Committee Hansard, 27 November 2015, p. 8.
[11]
Submission 22, p. 20.
[12]
Submission 16, p. 3.
[13]
Submission 22, p. 19.
[14]
Submission 15, p. 5.
[15]
Submission 26, p. 33.
[16]
Submission 8, p. 7.
[17]
Australian High Commission PNG, Supporting Private Sector Development
in PNG: Rural Development, Markets and Trade,
[18]
Submission 14, p. 1.
[19]
DFAT, 'Papua New Guinea country brief', available at: http://dfat.gov.au/geo/papua-new-guinea/pages/papua-new-guinea-country-brief.aspx
(accessed 13 September 2015).
[20]
Submission 1, p. 3.
[21]
Submission 36, pp 3-4.
[22]
Submission 8, p. 4.
[23]
ACIAR, Submission 8, p. 8.
[24]
Committee Hansard, 21 September 2015, p. 2.
[25]
Submission 11, p. 5.
[26]
Committee Hansard, 21 September 2015, p. 38.
[27]
Submission 8, p. 10.
[28]
Submission 32, p. 7.
[29]
Submission 32, p. 4.
[30]
Save the Children, Submission 41, p. 5.
[31]
Submission 4, p. 12.
[32]
Submission 26, p. 25.
[33]
Submission 26, p. 26.
[34]
Submission 4, p. 7.
[35]
Submission 42, p. 33.
[36]
World Bank, 'Migration and Remittances: Recent Developments and Outlook', Migration
and Development Brief, April 2016, pp 20-21.
[37]
For example, National Research Institute, Submission 5, p. 15.
[38]
World Bank, Migration and Remittances Data, 24 September 2015.
[39]
24th Australia-Papua New Guinea Ministerial Forum - Joint Communique, 3
March 2016.
[40]
Submission 6, p. 4.
[41]
Submission 34, p. 4.
[42]
Submission 16, p. 9.
[43]
Submission 16, p. 2.
[44]
Submission 27, p. 3.
[45]
ACIAR, Position paper – ACIAR's engagement with the private sector,
June 2015 p. 3.
[46]
Committee Hansard, 21 September 2015, p. 5.
[47]
Submission 22, pp 20-21.
[48]
Submission 4, p. 7.
[49]
Submission 19, p. 2.
[50]
Submission 19, pp 6-7.
[51]
Committee Hansard, 21 September 2015, p. 31.
[52]
Submission 21, p. 8.
[53]
Submission 32, p. 32.
Chapter 6 - Performance benchmarks, accountability and research
[1]
DFAT, Making Performance Count: enhancing the accountability
and effectiveness of Australian aid, June 2014, pp 6-11.
[2]
DFAT, Aid Program Performance Report 2014-15, p. 3.
[3]
PNG-Australian Aid Partnership Arrangement 2016-17, p. 4.
[4]
Submission 42, p. 27.
[5]
Submission 17, p. 4.
[6]
Submission 32, p. 12.
[7]
Submission 14, p. 1.
[8]
Submission 6, p. 5.
[9]
Submission 16, p. 1.
[10]
Submission 32, p.
[11]
Submission 5, p. 13.
[12]
Submission 22, p. 21.
[13]
Submission 10, p. 3.
[14]
Submission 8, p. 18.
[15]
Submission 21, p. 5.
[16]
Submission 41, p. 3.
[17]
For example, DFAT, Implementation of Joint Understanding, March
2016 and Daniel Flitton, 'Doubts over $400 million centrepiece of Australia's
Pacific Solution, Sydney Morning Herald, 18 April 2016.
[18]
Transparency International, Corruption by Country/Territory, available at https://www.transparency.org/country/%20-%20PNG#PNG_DataResearch
(accessed 15 April 2016).
[19]
Transparency International PNG, Annual Report 2014, p, 7.
[20]
Submission 27, p. 3.
[21]
Submission 1, p. 5.
[22]
Submission 30, pp 1-2.
[23]
Submission 41, p. 19.
[24]
PNG-Australia Aid Partnership Arrangement 2016-17, p. 5.
[25]
Submission 41, p. 17.
[26]
Committee Hansard, 27 November 2015, p. 22.
[27]
Submission 26, p. 28.
[28]
PNG Attitude, Submission 1, p. 7.
[29]
Committee Hansard, 21 September 2015, p. 14.
[30]
Submission 32, p. 12.
[31]
Submission 18, p. 5.
[32]
Submission 10, p. 3.
[33]
Submission 24, p. 9.
[34]
Submission 8, p. 19.
[35]
Committee Hansard, 21 September 2015, p. 3.
[36]
Submission 47, p. 10.
[37]
Committee Hansard, 27 November 2015, p. 7.
[38]
Submission 26, p. 57.
[39]
SBS, Dirty Money: How corrupt PNG cash is reaching Australia, 23
June 2015, available at http://www.sbs.com.au/news/dateline/story/dirty-money-how-corrupt-png-cash-reaching-australia
(accessed 18 April 2016).
[40]
DFAT, Better data for health partnership, available at https://innovationxchange.dfat.gov.au/project/better-data-health-partnership
(accessed 29 April 2016)
Dissenting report by Coalition Senators
[1]
DFAT, Australia Aid Budget Summary 2016-17, May 2016, p. 11.
Additional comments by the Australian Greens
[1]
ABC, 'Factcheck: Comparing Labor and the Coalition's records on foreign
aid;, available at: http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-11-12/fact-check-comparing-foreign-aid-labor-coalition/6895234
(accessed 4 May 2016).
[2]
Dr Ravi Tomar, 'The ever-shrinking aid budget', Budget Review 2015-16,
Parliamentary Library, May 2015, available at https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/BudgetReview201516
(accessed 4 May 2016).
[3]
Reliefweb, ' Papua New Guinea: Drought and Frost - Aug 2015' available
at http://reliefweb.int/disaster/cw-2015-000116-png-0
(accessed 4 May 2016).