Footnotes


Footnotes

Chapter 1

[1]        The Senate, Journals of the Senate, 12 December 2013, pp 364–365.

[2]        The Senate, Journals of the Senate, 12 February 2013, p. 444.

[3]        Plant Health Australia, Asian Honey Bee Fact Sheet, p. 1.

[4]        European honey bee, http://www.daff.qld.gov.au/animal-industries/bees/diseases-and-pests/asian-honey-bees/identifying-asian-honey-bees/european-honey-bee, (accessed 2 June 2014).

[5]        Which Native Bees are in Your Area?, http://www.aussiebee.com.au/beesinyourarea.html, (accessed 2 June 2014).

[6]        How to identify a bumblebee, http://www.aussiebee.com.au/bumblebeeid.html, (accessed 2 June 2014).

[7]        House of Representatives Standing Committee on Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Skills: Rural Australia's Need, February 2007, p. 149.

[8]        House of Representatives, Votes and Proceedings, No. 27, 16 June 2008, p. 374.

[9]        House of Representatives Standing Committee on Primary Industries and Resources, More than Honey: the future of the Australian honey bee and pollination industries, May 2008,
pp xvii­–xxii.

[10]      Mr Stephen Targett, Submission 19, p. 11; Mr David & Mrs Wendy Mumford, Submission 30, p. 5; Capilano Honey, Submission 39, p. 7; Beechworth Honey Group, Submission 52, p. 14.

[11]      Government Response, House of Representatives Standing Committee on Primary Industries and Resources, More than Honey: the future of the Australian honey bee and pollination industries, August 2009.

[12]      Dr Doug Somerville, answer to question on notice, 15 March 2014, (received 14 May 2014).

[13]      Government Response, House of Representatives Standing Committee on Primary Industries and Resources, More than Honey: the future of the Australian honey bee and pollination industries, August 2009.

[14]      Senate Rural Affairs and Transport References Committee, Interim Report: Science underpinning to inability to eradicate the Asian honey bee, April 2011.

[15]      Government Response, Senate Rural Affairs and Transport References Committee, Interim Report: Science underpinning to inability to eradicate the Asian honey bee, April 2011, pp 1, 17.

Chapter 2 - Background and current challenges

[1]        NSW Apiarists' Association, Submission 58, pp 5–8; Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, Submission 11, p. 1; Capilano Honey Limited, Submission 39, p. 3; CSIRO, Submission 48, pp 5–6; Crop Pollination Association Inc., Submission 14, pp 2–3.

[2]        Mr Rod Yates, Submission 12,  p. 7; Victorian Apiarists' Association Inc., Submission 40, p. 7; Mr Gary Montgomery, Submission 43, p. 3; Beechworth Honey Group, Submission 52, p.  2.

[3]        United Nations Committee on World Food Security, http://www.fao.org/cfs/cfs-home/en/, (accessed 27 March 2014).

[4]        The Prime Minister's Science, Engineering and Innovation Council, Australia and Food Security in a Changing World, 2010, p. 1.

[5]        The plant pollination process, http://www.buzzaboutbees.net/plant-pollination-process.html, (accessed 2 June 2014).

[6]        United Nations Environment Programme, Global Honey Bee Colony Disorders and other Threats to Insect Pollinators, 2010, pp 1–2.

[7]        CSIRO, Submission 48, p. 6.

[8]        United Nations Environment Programme, Global Honey Bee Colony Disorders and other Threats to Insect Pollinators, 2010, p. 1.

[9]        CSIRO, Submission 48, p. 5.

[10]      Crop Pollination Association Inc., Submission 14, p. 3.

[11]      US AID Capacity to Improve Agriculture and Food Security, The world market for honey, September 2012, pp 1–2, http://www.fintrac.com/cpanelx_pu/Ethiopia%20CIAFS/12_06_4949_CIAFS%20_1%20Honey%20Final%20Oct%2011.pdf, (accessed 31 March 2014).

[12]      United Nations Environment Programme, Global Honey Bee Colony Disorders and other Threats to Insect Pollinators, 2010, p. 2.

[13]      M. A. Aizen and L. D. Harder, Current Biology 19, 9 June 2009, pp 915–918.

[14]      Department of Agriculture, Submission 79, pp 1–2.

[15]      Department of Agriculture, Submission 79, p. 2.

[16]      House of Representatives Standing Committee on Primary Industries and Resources, More than Honey: the future of the Australian honey bee and pollination industries, May 2008, p. 1.

[17]      Department of Agriculture, Submission 79, p. 4.

[18]      Dr Benjamin McKee, Committee Hansard, 20 May 2014, p. 48; Australian Honey bee Industry Council Inc., Submission 63, p. 4; NSW Apiarists' Association, Submission 58, pp 5–8; Mr Warren Jones, Jones's Honey Comb Australia, Submission 45, p. 1.

[19]      CropLife Australia, Submission 54, p. 1.

[20]      CSIRO, Submission 48, p. 5.

[21]      Australian Food and Grocery Council, Submission 51, p. 4; Wheen Bee Foundation Ltd, Submission 65, p. 9.

[22]      Australian Food and Grocery Council, Submission 51, p. 4.

[23]      Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, Pollination Aware: The Real Value of Pollination in Australia, August 2010, p. vii.

[24]      White House blog, online: http://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2014/06/20/new-steps-protect-pollinators-critical-contributors-our-nation-s-economy.

[25]      Agriculture is a general term to refer to the deliberate cultivation of crops as well as animal farming, usually on extensive pieces of land on a large scale. Horticulture refers to plant cultivation only, and apiculture is a technical term for beekeeping.

[26]      NSW Apiarists' Association, Submission 58, p. 19.

[27]      Department of Agriculture, The National Registration Scheme, http://www.daff.gov.au/agriculture-food/ag-vet-chemicals/regulation, (accessed 27 May 2014).

[28]      Australasian Legal Information Institute, Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals Code Act 1994, http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/aavcca1994382/sch1.html, (accessed
3 April 2014).

[29]      Department of Health Western Australia, A guide to the use of pesticides in Western Australia, 2010, p. 10.

[30]      Crop Pollination Association Inc (Vic), Submission 14, p. 5; Mr Warren Jones, Submission 45, p. 1; Victorian Apiarists' Association Inc, Submission 40, p. 4.

[31]      Neonicotinoid pesticides are a class of relatively new, neuro-active insecticides chemically similar to nicotine which affect the central nervous system of insects, which can result in paralysis and death.

[32]      The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation, Are Neonicotinoids Killing Bees?, 2012,
p. 3.

[33]      AUSVEG, Submission 74, p. 5.

[34]      AUSVEG, Submission 74, p. 5.

[35]      Tasmanian Farmers & Graziers Association, Submission 70, p. 6.

[36]      Ms Manu Saunders, Submission 3, p. 3.

[37]      Crop Pollination Association Inc (Vic), Submission 14, p. 4.

[38]      European Union, European Commission Press Release: Bees & Pesticides: Commission to proceed with plan to better protect bees, http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-13-379_en.htm?locale=en, (accessed 20 January 2014).

[39]      Center for Food Safety, Press Release: CFS, Beekeepers and Public Interest Groups Sue EPA Over Bee-Toxic Pesticides, http://www.centerforfoodsafety.org/press-releases/1911/cfs-beekeepers-and-public-interest-groups-sue-epa-over-bee-toxic-pesticides, (accessed 3 March 2014).

[40]      The Guardian, US government sued over use of pesticides linked to bee harm, http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2013/mar/22/us-government-sued-pesticides-bee-harm, (accessed 4 June 2014).

[41]      APVMA, Overview Report: Neonicotinoids and the Health of Honey Bees in Australia, February 2014, pp 2–3.

[42]      Beechworth Honey Group, Submission 52, p. 8; Wheen Bee Foundation Ltd, Submission 65, p. 4; and Mr Dave Elson, Submission 76, p. 6.

[43]      APVMA, Overview Report: Neonicotinoids and the Health of Honey Bees in Australia, February 2014, pp 62–63.

[44]      Queensland Government Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Agricultural chemical users' manual, p. 50.

[45]      APVMA, Operating principles in relation to spray drift risk, July 2008, p. 4.

[46]      Queensland Government Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Agricultural chemical users' manual, p. 56.

[47]      NSW Apiarists' Association, Submission 58, p. 19.

[48]      Mr Terry Brown, Submission 57, p. 2.

[49]      Mr Warren Jones, Submission 45, p. 1.

[50]      Mr Stephen Targett, Submission 19, p. 8.

[51]      Mr Stephen Targett, Submission 19, p. 9.

[52]      Mr David and Ms Wendy Mumford, Submission 30, p. 3.

[53]      Mr Trevor Monson, Committee Hansard, 15 April 2014, p. 49.

[54]      Department of Agriculture, Submission 79, p. 17.

[55]      Department of Agriculture, Submission 79, p. 17.

[56]      Dr Doug Somerville, Submission 28, p. 1; Mr Robert Johnstone, Submission 36, p. 3; Capilano Honey Ltd, Submission 39, p. 5; Central Victorian Apiarists Association Inc, Submission 53, p. 3; NSW Apiarists’ Association, Submission 58, p. 12; Wheen Bee Foundation Ltd, Submission 65, p. 4; National Farmers' Federation, Submission 66, p. 6; Mr Kevin MacGibbon, Submission 69, p. 3; and Mr Dave Elson, Submission 76, p. 4.

[57]      Mr Benjamin Hooper, Committee Hansard, 15 April 2014, p. 1.

[58]      Mr Ian Zadow, AHBIC, Committee Hansard, 15 April 2014, pp 32–33.

[59]      Mr Dan Heard, Submission 9, p. 1.

[60]      House of Representatives Standing Committee on Primary Industries and Resources, More than Honey: the future of the Australian honey bee and pollination industries, May 2008, p. xviii.

[61]      Department of Agriculture, Submission 79, p. 17.

[62]      Mr Jonathan Williams, Submission 33, p. 1; Capilano Honey Ltd, Submission 39, p. 4; Victorian Apiarists' Association Inc, Submission 40, p. 4; Central Victorian Apiarists Association Inc, Submission 53, p. 5.

[63]      Capilano Honey Ltd, Submission 39, p. 4; Central Victorian Apiarists Association Inc, Submission 53, p. 5; Wheen Bee Foundation Ltd, Submission 65, p .13; and Mr Moss MacGibbon and Mr Andrew McCallum, Submission 67, p. 3.

[64]      Capilano Honey Ltd, Submission 39, p. 4.

[65]      Crop Pollination Association Inc (Vic), Submission 14, p. 5.

[66]      Mr Jonathon Williams, Submission 33, p. 1; Mr NJ & KD Fewster, Submission 46, p. 5; Wheen Bee Foundation Ltd, Submission 65, p .4; VVA Inc, Submission 4, p. 4; VVA Inc, Submission 4, p. 4; and VFF State Beekeeping Branch, Submission 75, p. 5.

[67]      VFF State Beekeeping Branch, Submission 75, p. 5.

[68]      Department of Agriculture, Submission 79, p. 17.

[69]      The Forest Practices Code defines clear felling as ‘felling of all or nearly all the trees from a specific area in one operation'.

[70]      Victorian Apiarists’ Association Inc, Submission 40, p. 33.

[71]      Mr NJ & KD Fewster, Submission 46, p. 5; Central Victorian Apiarists Association Inc, Submission 53, p. 4; Wheen Bee Foundation Ltd, Submission 65, p. 13; Mr Moss MacGibbon and Mr Andrew McCallum, Submission 67, p. 3; and VFF State Beekeeping Branch, Submission 75, p. 4.

[72]      Victorian Apiarists' Association Inc, Submission 40, p. 5.

[73]      AHBIC, Submission 63, p. 8; Apple and Pear Australia Limited, Submission 24, p. 3; Mr Gary Montgomery, Submission 43, p. 3; NSW Apiarists’ Association, Submission 58, p. 4; Beechworth Honey Group, Submission 52, p. 6; Mr Warren Jones, Submission 45, p. 5.

[74]      Australian Honey Bee Industry Council Inc, Submission 63, p. 8.

[75]      Superbee Honey Factory, Submission 6, p. 1.

[76]      Capilano Honey Ltd, Submission 39, p. 5.

[77]      NSW Apiarists’ Association, Submission 58, p. 4.

[78]      Department of Industry, My Skills, http://www.myskills.gov.au/courses/details?Code=AHC32010, (accessed 19 May 2014).

[79]      Wheen Bee Foundation Ltd, Submission 65, p. 12; NSW Apiarists Association, Submission 68,
p. 16.

[80]      Wheen Bee Foundation Ltd, Submission 65, p. 4; Mr Gary Montgomery Submission 43, p. 3.

[81]      House of Representatives Standing Committee on Primary Industries and Resources, More than Honey: the future of the Australian honey bee and pollination industries, May 2008,
pp 180–201.

[82]      Mr David and Mrs Wendy Mumford, Submission 30, p. 3; Victorian Apiarists' Association Inc Melbourne Section, Submission 61, p. 10; Lucerne Australia, Submission 13, p. 2;
Mr Leo Kuter, Submission 26, p. 3; South Australian Apiarists' Association Inc, Submission 4, p. 2; Mr David Severino, Submission 59, p. 5.

[83]      Mr Leo Kuter, Submission 26, p. 3.

[84]      Mr David Severino, Submission 59, p.  5.

[85]      Mr Ken and Mr Mike Spurge, Submission 68, p. 3.

[86]      AHBIC, Our Relationships, http://honeybee.org.au/organisation/our-relationships/, (accessed 29 May 2014).

[87]      Department of Agriculture, Honey Levy Information, http://www.daff.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/183379/information-honey-levy.pdf, (accessed 3 June 2014).

[88]      Mr Stephen Targett, Submission 19, p. 4; Mr NJ & KD Fewster, Submission 46, p. 8; Australian Food and Grocery Council, Submission  51, p. 5; Beechworth Honey Group, Submission 52, p. 7; Mr Rod Yates Submission 12, p. 7; Mr Kevin J MacGibbon, Submission 69, p. 3; AHBIC, Submission 63, p. 21; Wheen Bee Foundation Ltd, Submission 65, p. 3.

[89]      Department of Agriculture, Honey Levy Information, http://www.daff.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/183379/information-honey-levy.pdf, (accessed 3 June 2014).

[90]      AHBIC, Honey Levy Reform and Increase, http://honeybee.org.au/programs/honey-levy-reform-and-increase/, (accessed 21 May 2014).

[91]      Dr Maxwell Whitten, Committee Hansard, 20 May 2014, p. 20.

[92]      Dr Maxwell Whitten, Committee Hansard, 20 May 2014, pp 20– 21.

[93]      Dr Doug Somerville, Submission 28, p. 6.

[94]      Wheen Bee Foundation Ltd, Submission 65, p. 6; Beechworth Honey Group, Submission 52, p. 25; Dr Doug Somerville, Submission 28, p. 6; Mr Moss MacGibbon and Mr Andrew McCallum, Submission 67, p. 3.

[95]      Government Response, House of Representatives Standing Committee on Primary Industries and Resources, More than Honey: the future of the Australian honey bee and pollination industries, August 2009, p. 4.

[96]      Government Response, House of Representatives Standing Committee on Primary Industries and Resources, More than Honey: the future of the Australian honey bee and pollination industries, August 2009, p. 5.

[97]      Mr Trevor Weatherhead, Committee Hansard, 20 May 2014, p. 33.

[98]      Ministry for Primary Industries, Apiculture Report for 2013, December 2013, pp 3–5.

Chapter 3 - Biosecurity issues

[1]        Department of Agriculture, Import risk analysis handbook, 2011, p. 8.

[2]        Department of Agriculture, Import risk analysis handbook, 2011, p. 6.

[3]        Department of Agriculture, About our biosecurity system, http://www.daff.gov.au/bsg/system, (accessed 3 June 2014).

[4]        Plant Health Australia, Asian Honey Bee Fact Sheet, p. 1.

[5]        When there is limited nectar available in the environment, such as during a drought or winter months, bees will rob other beehives of their honey supplies.

[6]        Senate Rural Affairs and Transport References Committee, Science underpinning to inability to eradicate the Asian honey bee, June 2011, p. 85.

[7]        Senate Rural Affairs and Transport References Committee, Science underpinning to inability to eradicate the Asian honey bee, June 2011, pp 85–86.

[8]        Department of Agriculture, Review of the National Sentinel Hive Program, http://www.daff.gov.au/animal-plant-health/pests-diseases-weeds/animal/varroa-mite/sentinel-hive-program-review, (accessed 5 June 2014).

[9]        Plant Health Australia, National Bee Pest Surveillance Program, http://nbpsp.planthealthaustralia.com.au/public.php?page=aboutnbpsp, (accessed
16 January 2014).

[10]      Queensland Government Department of Employment, Economic Development and  Innovation, Asian Honey Bee Incursion 2007 – 2012, October 2010, p. 2. 

[11]      Plant Health Australia, National Plant Biosecurity Status Report 2012, p. 148.

[12]      Queensland Government, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Asian honey bee restricted area, http://www.daff.qld.gov.au/animal-industries/bees/diseases-and-pests/asian-honey-bees/restricted-area-and-movement-restrictions-for-beekeepers, May 2013, (accessed
7 April 2014).

[13]      Mr Moss MacGibbon and Mr Andrew McCallum, Submission 67, p. 5; Mr Roland S. Inman, Submission 20, p. 1; Mr Chris Berkeley, Submission 25, p. 1; Mr Gary Montgomery, Submission 43, p. 3.

[14]      Mr Peter Warhurst, Submission 18, pp 1–2; See also Beechworth Honey Group, Submission 52, pp 25–26.

[15]      Mr Kevin MacGibbon, Submission 69, p. 3;

[16]      Wheen Bee Foundation Ltd, Submission 65, p. 6;  Mr Moss MacGibbon and Mr Andrew McCallum, Submission 67, p. 3.

[17]      House of Representatives Standing Committee on Primary Industries and Resources, More than Honey: the future of the Australian honey bee and pollination industries, May 2008, p. xviii.

[18]      Department of Agriculture, Submission 79, p. 18.

[19]      Department of Agriculture, Submission 79, p. 18.

[20]      CSIRO, Submission 41, pp 6–7.

[21]      Department of Agriculture, Varroa mite, http://www.daff.gov.au/animal-plant-health/pests-diseases-weeds/animal/varroa-mite/, (accessed 8 January 2014).

[22]      Department of Agriculture, Varroa mite, http://www.daff.gov.au/animal-plant-health/pests-diseases-weeds/animal/varroa-mite/, (accessed 28 January 2014).

[23]      Department of Agriculture, A honey bee industry and pollination continuity strategy should Varroa become established in Australia, May 2011, p. iii.

[24]      CSIRO, Submission 33 to the House of Representatives Standing Committee on Primary Industries and Resources Inquiry into the Future Development of the Australian Honey Bee Industry, p. 9.

[25]      Dr Doug Somerville, Committee Hansard, 15 April 2014, pp 55–56.

[26]      University of Florida, Featured Creatures, http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/misc/bees/varroa_mite.htm, (accessed 5 June 2014).

[27]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, A honey bee industry and pollination continuity strategy should Varroa become established in Australia, May 2011, p. iii.

[28]      Victorian Apiarists’ Association, Submission 71to the House of Representatives Standing Committee on Primary Industries and Resources Inquiry into the Future Development of the Australian Honey Bee Industry, p. 27.

[29]      Plant Health Australia, Pest Categorisation, http://www.planthealthaustralia.com.au/biosecurity/emergency-plant-pests/pest-categorisation/, (accessed 5 June 2014).

[30]      Department of Agriculture, Answers to Question on Notice, p. 5.

[31]      RIRDC, Submission 54 to the House of Representatives Standing Committee on Primary Industries and Resources Inquiry into the Future Development of the Australian Honey Bee Industry, p. 16.

[32]      RIRDC, Valuing honey bee pollination, June 2003, p. iii.

[33]      Department of Agriculture, A honey bee industry and pollination continuation strategy should varroa become established in Australia, May 2011, p. 8.

[34]      Dr Doug Somerville, Committee Hansard, 15 April 2014, p. 61.

[35]      Plant Health Australia, Submission 37, p. 11.

[36]      Ms Janet Sutherland, Submission 23, p. 1.

[37]      Mr Leo Kuter, Submission 26, p. 3.

[38]      Ms Corinne Jordan, Submission 27, p. 2.

[39]      Mr Ken Gell, Submission 7, p. 2.

[40]      Dr Doug Somerville, Submission 28, p. 9 and Dr Maxwell Whitten, Committee Hansard,
20 May 2014, p. 25.

[41]      Dr Doug Somerville, Committee Hansard, 15 April 2014, p. 61.

[42]      Ms Serena Dorf, Submission 56, p. 2.

[43]      Ms Corinne Jordan, Submission 27, p. 2.

[44]      House of Representatives Standing Committee on Primary Industries and Resources, More than Honey: the future of the Australian honey bee and pollination industries, May 2008, p. xix.

[45]      Government Response, House of Representatives Standing Committee on Primary Industries and Resources, More than Honey: the future of the Australian honey bee and pollination industries, August 2009, p. 8.

[46]      Department of Agriculture, Answers to Question on Notice, p. 21.

[47]      Ms Janet Sutherland, Submission 23, p. 1.

[48]      Mr Robert Johnstone, Submission 36, pp 3-4.

[49]      South Australian Apiarists' Association, Submission 4, pp 1–2.

[50]      Department of Agriculture, Answers to Question on Notice, p. 1.

[51]      Mr Trevor Monson, Committee Hansard, 15 April 2014, p. 50.

[52]      Department of Agriculture, Submission 79, p. 7.

[53]      Centre for International Economics, Future Directions for the Australian Honeybee Industry, September 2005, p. 3.

[54]      Department of Agriculture, Import case details, http://apps.daff.gov.au/icon32/asp/ex_casecontent.asp?intNodeId=9036453&intCommodityId=6079&Types=none&WhichQuery=Go+to+full+text&intSearch=1&LogSessionID=0, (accessed 3 April 2014).

[55]      Department of Agriculture, Submission 79, p. 10.

[56]      Mr Trevor Monson, Submission 48, p. 4; Australian Queen Bee Exporters Pty. Ltd, Submission 49, p. 2.

[57]      Department of Agriculture, Answers to Questions on Notice, pp 22–23.

[58]      Department of Agriculture, Queen Bee Levy Information Sheet, http://www.daff.gov.au/agriculture-food/levies/categories/other_levies/queen_bee/information_sheet, (accessed 23 May 2014).

[59]      House of Representatives Standing Committee on Primary Industries and Resources, More than Honey: the future of the Australian honey bee and pollination industries, May 2008, p. 161.

[60]      Government Response, House of Representatives Standing Committee on Primary Industries and Resources, More than Honey: the future of the Australian honey bee and pollination industries, August 2009, pp 12–13.

[61]      Victorian Apiarists' Association Inc, Submission 40, p. 9.

[62]      Mr Trevor Weatherhead, Committee Hansard, 20 May 2014, p. 31.

[63]      House of Representatives Standing Committee on Public Works, Construction of a new post-entry quarantine facility at Mickleham, Victoria, May 2013, p. 11.

[64]      House of Representatives Standing Committee on Public Works, Construction of a new post-entry quarantine facility at Mickleham, Victoria, May 2013, pp 11–12.

[65]      Ms Corinne Jordan, Submission 27, pp 1–2.

[66]      Ms Serena Dorf, Submission 56, p. 2; Beechworth Honey Group, Submission 52, p. 13.; Wheen Bee Foundation Ltd, Submission 65, p. 5; Dr Doug Somerville, Submission 28, p.2;  Ms Corinne Jordan, Submission 27, p. 1; Dr Doug Somerville, Submission 28, p. 9; Ms Serena Dorf, Submission 56, p. 2; NSW Apiarists' Association, Submission 58, p. 17.

[67]      Dr Colin Grant, Committee Hansard, 20 May 2014, pp 66– 67.

[68]      House of Representatives Standing Committee on Primary Industries and Resources, More than Honey: the future of the Australian honey bee and pollination industries, May 2008, p. xix.

[69]      Dr Doug Somerville, Committee Hansard, 15 April 2014, p. 59.

[70]      Mr Warren Taylor, Committee Hansard, 20 May 2014, p. 50.

[71]      Department of Agriculture, Answers to Question on Notice, p. 20.

[72]      Department of Agriculture, Submission 79, p. 7.

[73]      AUS-QUAL Pty Ltd, B-Qual, http://www.ausqual.com.au/certification-services/b-qual.aspx, (accessed 31March 2014).

[74]      Australian Honey Bee Industry Council, B-Qual, http://honeybee.org.au/programs/b-qual/, (accessed 31 March 2014).

[75]      B-QUAL, Getting Started, http://www.bqual.com.au/how.aspx, (accessed 31 March 2014).

[76]      AUS-QUAL Pty Ltd, HACCP Certification, http://www.ausqual.com.au/certification-services/haccp.aspx, (accessed 31 March 2014).

[77]      Mr Rod Yates, Submission 12, pp 10–11; Mr Dave Elson, Submission 76, p. 5.

[78]      Department of Agriculture, Import Risk Analysis, 2011, p. 9. 

[79]      Department of Agriculture, Import Risk Analysis, 2011, p. 10. 

[80]      Department of Agriculture, Import Risk Analysis, 2011, pp 10–11.

[81]      Department of Agriculture, Information for Food Importers, http://www.daff.gov.au/biosecurity/import/food/info-for-food-importers, (accessed 5 April 2014). 

[82]      Department of Agriculture, Import case details, http://apps.daff.gov.au/icon32/asp/ex_casecontent.asp?intNodeId=9051649&intCommodityId=934&Types=none&WhichQuery=Go+to+full+text&intSearch=1&LogSessionID=0, (accessed 5 April 2014).

[83]      Department of Agriculture, Import case details, http://apps.daff.gov.au/icon32/asp/ex_casecontent.asp?intNodeId=9051649&intCommodityId=934&Types=none&WhichQuery=Go+to+full+text&intSearch=1&LogSessionID=0, (accessed 5 April 2014).

[84]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Imported Food Inspection Scheme http://www.daff.gov.au/biosecurity/import/food/inspection-scheme, (accessed 31 March 2014).

[85]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Imported Food Inspection Scheme http://www.daff.gov.au/biosecurity/import/food/inspection-scheme, (accessed 31 March 2014).

[86]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Importing Food Program: Testing Guidelines, http://www.daff.gov.au/biosecurity/import/food/testing-labs/ifp-testing-guidelines, (accessed 31 March 2014).

[87]      Wheen Bee Foundation Ltd, Submission 65, p. 4.

[88]      WA Farmers, Submission 72, p. 3.

[89]      Dr Doug Somerville, Committee Hansard, 15 April 2014, p. 60.

[90]      Department of Agriculture, Answers to Question on Notice, p. 17.

[91]      Capilano Honey Ltd, Submission 39, p. 6; Ipswich and West Moreton Beekeepers Association, Submission 60, p. 2.

[92]      Beechworth Honey Group, Submission 52, p. 8.

[93]      Ms Serena Dorf, Submission 56, p. 3.

[94]      Victorian Apiarists' Association Inc Melbourne Section, Submission 61, p. 7.

[95]      VFF State Beekeeping Branch, Submission 75, p. 3.

[96]      Aussie Bee, What Harm Could Exotic Bumblebees Do in Australia?, http://www.aussiebee.com.au/bumblebeeharm.html, (accessed 26 May 2014).

[97]      Costa, Submission 22, p. 3.

[98]      Costa, Submission 22, p. 4.

[99]      Costa, Submission 22, p. 7.

[100]    Tasmanian Farmers & Graziers Association, Submission 70, pp 6–8; Costa, Submission 22,
p. 8.

[101]    Costa, Submission 22, pp 4–5.

[102]    Tasmanian Beekeepers' Association lnc, Submission 47, p. 1; Mr Trevor Monson, Committee Hansard, 15 April 2014, pp 49–50.

[103]    Beechworth Honey Group, Submission 52, pp 15–16.

Chapter 4

[1]        Department of Agriculture, Submission 79, pp 11–12; Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority, Maximum Residue Limits (MRL) in Food and Animal feedstuff, http://www.apvma.gov.au/residues/standard.php, (accessed 4 June 2014).

[2]        Department of Agriculture, Submission 79, pp 11–12.

[3]        Business.Gov.Au, Labelling Fair Trading, http://www.business.gov.au/BusinessTopics/Fairtrading/Pages/Labelling.aspx, (accessed 26 March 2014).

[4]        Review of Food Labelling Law and Policy, Labelling Logic: Review of Food Labelling Law and Policy (2011), January 2011, p. 1.

[5]        Legislative and Governance Forum on Food Regulation (FoFR), Response to the Recommendations of Labelling Logic: Review of Food labelling Law and Policy (2011), December 2011.

[6]        See, for example, Capilano Honey Ltd., Submission 39, p. 6; Australian Honey Bee Industry Council, Submission 63, p. 10; Mr Benjamin Hooper, South Australian Apiarists Association Incorporated, Committee Hansard, 15 April 2014, pp 4, 8.

[7]        Food Standard 2.8.2, Honey, p. 1.

[8]        Standing Committee on Primary Industries and Resources, More Than Honey: the future of the Australian honey bee and pollination industries, May 2008, p. xxi.

[9]        Capilano Honey Ltd., Submission 39, p. 6.

[10]      Australian Food and Grocery Council, Submission 51, p. 9.

[11]      Food Standards Australia New Zealand, answer to written question on notice, 20 May 2014, (received 27 May 2014).

[12]      Mr Colin Cooper, New South Wales Apiarists Association, Committee Hansard, 20 May 2014, pp 6–7; Mr Trevor Weatherhead, Australian Honey Bee Industry Council, Committee Hansard, 20 May 2014, p. 34.

[13]      Food Standards Australia New Zealand, answer to question on notice, 20 May 2014, (received 27 May 2014).

[14]      Dr Doug Somerville, Submission 28, p. 8; NSW Apiarists Association, Submission 58, pp 19–20. Australian Honey Bee Industry Council, Submission 63, p. 10.

[15]      Mr Leigh Duffield, Submission 31, p. 3.

[16]      Mr Peter May, Department of Agriculture, Committee Hansard, 20 May 2014, p. 59.

[17]      Food Standards Australia New Zealand, answer to question on notice, 20 May 2014, (received 27 May 2014).

[18]      Review of Food Labelling Law and Policy, Labelling Logic: Review of Food Labelling Law and Policy (2011), January 2011, p. 9.

[19]      Legislative and Governance Forum on Food Regulation (FoFR), Response to the Recommendations of Labelling Logic: Review of Food labelling Law and Policy (2011)., December 2011, p. 21.

[20]      Food Standards Australia New Zealand, answer to written question on notice, 20 May 2014, (received 27 May 2014).

[21]      Australian Honey Bee Industry Council, Submission 63, p. 10; Mr Trevor Weatherhead, Australian Honey Bee Industry Council, Committee Hansard, 20 May 2014, p. 34.

[22]      Mr Ian Zadow, Australian Honey Bee Industry Council, Committee Hansard, 15 April 2014, p. 25; Beechworth Honey Group, Submission 52, pp 13–14; Australian Honey bee Industry Council Inc., Submission 63, p. 14; Crop Pollination Association Inc. (Vic), Submission 14, pp 7–8; Mr Gary Montgomery, Submission 43, p. 1; Mr John Edmonds, Submission 44, pp 1–2; Mr David and Wendy Mumford, Submission 30, pp 4–6.

[23]      Mr Peter Warhurst, Submission 18, p. 2; Mr Gary Montgomery, Submission 43, p. 2; The Western Australian Farmers Federation Inc.,  Submission 72, p. 5.

[24]      Mr Gary Montgomery, Submission 43, p. 2;

[25]      Dr Benjamin McKee, Capilano Honey Ltd, Committee Hansard, 20 May 2014, p. 43.

[26]      Apple and Pear Australia Ltd., Submission 24, p. 7; Mr Gary Montgomery, Submission 43, p. 1; Beechworth Honey Group, Submission 52, p. 13; Australian Honey bee Industry Council Inc., Submission 63, p. 14.

[27]      Wheen Bee Foundation, Submission 65, p. 21.

[28]      Mr Moss MacGibbon and Mr Andrew McCallum, Submission 69, p. 4.

[29]      Australian Food and Grocery Council, Submission 51, p. 6.

[30]      FSANZ, answer to written question on notice, 20 May 2014, received 27 May 2014.

[31]      Mr Peter Warhurst, Submission 18, p. 2; John Edmonds, Submission 44, p. 1; Ms Serena Dorf, Submission 56, pp 3–4; VFF State Beekeeping Branch, Submission 75, p. 8; Mr David and Wendy Mumford, Submission 30, pp 4–5; Mr Daniel Jones, Queensland Beekeepers Association, Committee Hansard, 20 May 2014, p. 16.

[32]      Mr Moss MacGibbon and Mr Andrew McCallum, Submission 69, pp 4–5.

[33]      FSANZ, answer to written question on notice, 20 May 2014, received 27 May 2014.

[34]      Australian Food and Grocery Council, Submission 51, p. 3; Capilano Honey, Submission 39, p. 6; Beechworth Honey Group, Submission 52, p. 13.

[35]      House of Representatives Standing Committee on Agriculture and Industry, https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/House/Agriculture_and_Industry/Food_Labelling/Terms_of_Reference, (accessed 4 April 2014).

[36]      South Australian Apiarists' Association Inc. Submission 4, p. 2; Australian Honey Bee Industry Council Inc., Submission 63, pp 10–13; NSW Apiarists Association, Submission 58, pp 19–20; Capilano Honey Ltd., Submission 39, p. 6; Victorian Apiarists' Association, Submission 40, pp 7–8.

[37]      Mr John Edmonds, Submission 44, p. 1. Australian Honey Bee Industry Council, Submission 63, pp 11–14; Leigh Duffield,  Submission 31, p. 4; Victorian Apiarists' Association, Submission 40, pp 7–8.

[38]      Australian Honey Bee Industry Council, Submission 63, p. 11.

[39]      Australian Honey Bee Industry Council, Submission 63, pp 11–12.

[40]      Australian Honey Bee Industry Council, Submission 63, pp 11–14.

[41]      Mr Trevor Weatherhead, Committee Hansard, 20 May 2014, p. 30.

[42]      ACCC, Additional information, received 13 May 2014, p. 4.

[43]      ACCC, Additional information, received 13 May 2014, p. 3.

[44]      Department of Agriculture, answer to written question on notice 12, 26 May 2014, (received 3 June 2014).

[45]      Department of Agriculture, answer to written question on notice 12, 26 May 2014, (received 3 June 2014); Department of Agriculture, Submission 79, p. 11.

[46]      Imported Food Control Act 1992, ss 3, 14, and 16.

[47]      Imported Food Control Act 1992, s. 14.

[48]      Imported Food Control Act 1992, s. 15.

[49]      Department of Agriculture, answer to written question on notice 12, 26 May 2014, (received 3 June 2014).

[50]      ACCC Compliance and Enforcement Policy, February 2014, p. 3.

[51]      Beechworth Honey Group, Submission 52, pp 13–14; NSW Apiarists Association, Submission 58, p. 20; Wheen Bee Foundation, Submission 65, pp 21–22.

[52]      Legislative Governance Forum on Food Regulation, Final Comunique, 13 December 2013, p. 1.

[53]      Department of Health, Front-of-pack labelling updates, Health Star Rating Advisory Committee Meeting – outcomes of meeting held on 3 March 2014, http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/foodsecretariat-front-of-pack-labelling-1, (accessed 28 May 2014).

[54]      Beechworth Honey Group, Submission 52, pp 13–14.

[55]      NSW Apiarists Association, Submission 58, p. 20.

Additional Comments - Nick Xenophon, Independent Senator for South Australia

[1]        United Nations Environment Programme, Global Honey Bee Colony Disorders and other Threats to Insect Pollinators, 2010, p. 1.

[2]        Neals, Sue ‘Consumers asked to keep fingers out of the honey jar’, The Australian, 23 June 2014

[3]        Dr Maxwell Whitten, Committee Hansard, 20 May 2014, pp 20– 21.

[4]        Department of Agriculture, A honey bee industry and pollination continuity strategy should Varroa become established in Australia, May 2011, p. iii.

[5]        Dr Doug Somerville, Committee Hansard, 15 April 2014, pp 55–56. 

[6]        Department of Agriculture, Answers to Question on Notice, p. 5.