Chapter 1 - Introduction and background

[1]        Journals of the Senate No. 32, 21 March 2017, pp. 1106-1107.

[2]        Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Report into the cause of white spot syndrome virus outbreak in the Logan River area of Queensland – December 2016, May 2017, p. 5.

[3]        Ron Glanville, Peter Neville and Peter Walker, Scenario Planning Advisory Panel, Report on White Spot Disease of Prawns, Queensland Response, 2016-17, February 2017, p. 5.

[4]        Biosecurity Australia, Generic Import Risk Analysis Report for Prawns and Prawn Products, October 2009, pp. 111-112.

[5]        Department of Agriculture, Australian Aquatic Veterinary Diseases Emergency Plan (AQUAVETPLAN), Disease strategy: White spot disease (Version 2.0), 2013, p. 26.

[6]        Through the consumption of infected tissue by cannibalism or by predation.

[7]        The OIE Manual of Diagnostic Tests for Aquatic Animals notes that outside a host, WSSV is viable for at least 30 days at 30°C in seawater under laboratory conditions, and is viable in ponds for at least 3 to 4 days.

[8]        Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Report into the cause of white spot syndrome virus outbreak in the Logan River area of Queensland – December 2016, May 2017, p. 6.

[9]        Department of Agriculture, Australian Aquatic Veterinary Diseases Emergency Plan (AQUAVETPLAN), Disease strategy: White spot disease (Version 2.0), 2013, p. 26.

[10]      OIE (World Organisation for Animal Health), Manual of Diagnostic Tests for Aquatic Animals, 2016, Chapter 2.2.7.

[11]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Aquatic Animal Diseases Significant to Australia: Identification Field Guide 4th Edition, August 2012, p. 232.

[12]      Biosecurity Australia, Generic Import Risk Analysis Report for Prawns and Prawn Products, October 2009, pp. 111-112.

[13]      Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Report into the cause of white spot syndrome virus outbreak in the Logan River area of Queensland – December 2016, May 2017, p. 5.

[14]      Biosecurity Australia, Generic Import Risk Analysis Report for Prawns and Prawn Products, October 2009, p. 117.

[15]      Dr Robyn Martin, Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Committee Hansard, 28 March 2017, p. 10.

[16]      Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Media Statement: Department's action on imported prawns, 10 February 2017, http://www.agriculture.gov.au/about/media-centre/media-releases/dept-action-white-spot (accessed 23 March 2017).

[17]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Aquatic Animal Diseases Significant to Australia: Identification Field Guide 4th Edition, August 2012, p. 233; Biosecurity (Suspended Goods – Uncooked Prawns) Determination 2017, p. 1.

The Department of Agriculture has noted that an exotic animal disease is a disease affecting animals that 'does not normally occur in Australia' (Disease strategy: White spot disease (Version 2.0), Australian Aquatic Veterinary Emergency Plan (AQUAVETPLAN), 2013, p. 61).

[18]      Department of Agriculture, Disease strategy: White spot disease (Version 2.0), Australian Aquatic Veterinary Emergency Plan (AQUAVETPLAN), 2013, p. 9; Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, White spot disease information, 2017.

[19]      Animal Health Australia, Aquatic Animal Health, Quarterly Report for 1 July to 30 September 2000, Animal Health Surveillance Quarterly, 2000, Volume 5, Issue 3, pp. 6-7.

[20]      East, I., Black, P., McColl, K., Hodgson, R. and Bernoth, E, Survey for the presence of White Spot Syndrome Virus in Australian crustaceans, Australian Veterinary Journal, Volume 82, No. 4, 2004, pp. 236-240.

[21]      Ms Lyn O’Connell, Deputy Secretary, Estimates Hansard, 28 February 2017, p. 81. Operation Cattai is discussed further in Chapter 3 of this report.

[22]      Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Report into the cause of white spot syndrome virus outbreak in the Logan River area of Queensland – December 2016, May 2017, p. 5.

[23]      Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, National pest & disease outbreaks, White spot disease, http://www.outbreak.gov.au/current-responses-to-outbreaks/white-spot-disease (accessed 27 April 2017).

[24]      Ridge Partners, Project 2016-17, Summary Overview: Economic Impact of 2016 White Spot disease Outbreak, 2017, p. 5.

[25]      Mr Alistair Dick, Australian Prawn Farmers Association, Committee Hansard, 10 April 2017, p. 2. In May 2017, the Queensland Minister for Agriculture and Fisheries stated that the direct financial impact on affected farms was estimated at $22.3 million; see the Hon Bill Byrne MP, Minister for Agriculture and Fisheries and Minister for Rural Economic Development, 'Queenslanders deserve better from Commonwealth on white spot', Media Statement, 5 May 2017, http://statements.qld.gov.au/Statement/2017/5/5/queenslanders-deserve-better-from-commonwealth-on-white-spot (accessed 31 May 2017).

[26]      Australian Prawn Farmers Association, Submission 2, p. 9.

[27]      Australian Prawn Farmers Association, Submission 2, p. 9; Ridge Partners, Project 2016-17, Summary Overview: Economic Impact of 2016 White Spot disease Outbreak, 2017, p. 8.

[28]      Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, White spot disease program strategy expands across Moreton Bay, White spot disease industry update number 20, 16 March 2017, http://www.vision6.com.au/em/message/email/view.php?id=1141647&u=13082&k=1UWv_PsouIXxtc6yUoiYsyAX2f9D_cpylkc2Bg73aUA (accessed 8 June 2017).

[29]      Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Movement Control Order (Moreton Bay) – White Spot Syndrome Virus, 16 March 2017, https://www.daf.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/1016339/Movement-control-order.pdf (accessed 31 May 2017). The area covered by the control order included Moreton Bay, Pumicestone Passage, waterways flowing into the Moreton Bay and south to the Queensland/NSW border, the 100 metres eastward of the ocean beaches on the islands surrounding Moreton Bay and the Gold Coast to the Queensland/NSW border.

[30]      Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, White spot disease industry update number 22, 31 March 2017, https://www.daf.qld.gov.au/animal-industries/animal-health-and-diseases/a-z-list/white-spot-disease (accessed 3 April 2017).

[31]      Mr Eric Perez, Queensland Seafood Industry Association, Committee Hansard, 10 April 2017, p. 13.

[32]      Mr Eric Perez, Queensland Seafood Industry Association, Committee Hansard, 10 April 2017, pp. 13-14.

[33]      Ron Glanville, Peter Neville and Peter Walker, Scenario Planning Advisory Panel, Report on White Spot Disease of Prawns, Queensland Response, 2016-17, February 2017, p. 3.

[34]      Ms Lyn O'Connell, Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Estimates Hansard, 28 February 2017, p. 118.

[35]      Ms Lyn O'Connell, Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Estimates Hansard, 28 February 2017, p. 118.

[36]      Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Report into the cause of white spot syndrome virus outbreak in the Logan River area of Queensland – December 2016, Interim Report, May 2017, p. 6.

[37]      The Hon Barnaby Joyce MP, Minister for Agriculture and Water Resources, 'Coalition Government delivers $20 million to assist prawn farmers', Media Release, 5 May 2017.

[38]      Dr Patrick Hone, Fisheries Research and Development Corporation, Estimates Hansard, 27 February 2017, p. 37.

Chapter 2 - Australia's biosecurity regime and the white spot outbreak

[1]        Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Submission 9, p. 3.

[2]        Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Submission 9, p. 3.

[3]        Roger Beale, One Biosecurity. A Working Partnership. The Independent Review of Australia's Quarantine and Biosecurity Arrangements Report to the Australian Government, 30 September 2008, p. xiii, https://web.archive.org/web/20091024200423/http://daff.gov.au/__data/assets/
pdf_file/0010/931609/report-single.pdf (accessed 29 May 2017).

[4]        Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Submission 9, p. 14.

[5]        Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, The Biosecurity Act 2015, http://www.agriculture.gov.au/biosecurity/legislation/new-biosecurity-legislation (accessed 30 May 2017).

[6]        Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Biosecurity Import Risk Analysis Guidelines 2016: managing biosecurity risks for imports into Australia, 2016, p. 2, http://www.agriculture.gov.au/SiteCollectionDocuments/bira-guidelines-2016.pdf (accessed 8 June 2017).

[7]        Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Biosecurity Import Risk Analysis Guidelines 2016: managing biosecurity risks for imports into Australia, 2016, p. 1.

[8]        Biosecurity (Suspended Goods – Uncooked Prawns) Determination, 6 January 2017.

[9]        Inspector-General of Biosecurity, 'Inspector-General of Biosecurity to review the current prawn issue', Media Release, 17 February 2017, http://www.igb.gov.au/Pages/IGB-review-current-prawn-issue.aspx (accessed 6 June 2017).

[10]      These principles were enunciated in the Nairn Report. Roger Beale, One Biosecurity: A Working Partnership. The Independent Review of Australia's Quarantine and Biosecurity Arrangements Report to the Australian Government, 30 September 2008, p. xvi.

[11]      Roger Beale, One Biosecurity: A Working Partnership. The Independent Review of Australia's Quarantine and Biosecurity Arrangements Report to the Australian Government, 30 September 2008, p. 4.

[12]      Roger Beale, One Biosecurity: A Working Partnership. The Independent Review of Australia's Quarantine and Biosecurity Arrangements Report to the Australian Government, 30 September 2008, p. ix.

[13]      Roger Beale, One Biosecurity: A Working Partnership. The Independent Review of Australia's Quarantine and Biosecurity Arrangements Report to the Australian Government, 30 September 2008, p. 207.

[14]      Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Submission 9, p. 15.

[15]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Reform of Australia's biosecurity system. An update since the publication of One Biosecurity: a working partnership, March 2012, p. 7.

[16]      Explanatory Memorandum, Biosecurity Bill 2014, p. 9.

[17]      The Hon Barnaby Joyce MP, Minister for Agriculture and Water Resources, Second Reeding Speech, House of Representatives Hansard, 27 November 2014, p. 13426, http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/genpdf/chamber/hansardr/07c1718f-8e51-4958-9cc9-f8492bfb5c93/0019/hansard_frag.pdf;fileType=application%2Fpdf (accessed 30 May 2017).

[18]      Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Reform of Australia's biosecurity system: An update since the publication of One Biosecurity: A Working Partnership, March 2012, p. 8.

[19]      Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Submission 9, p. 3.

[20]      Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Submission 9, p. 14.

[21]      Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Reform of Australia's biosecurity system – An update since the publication of One Biosecurity: A working partnership, March 2012, http://www.agriculture.gov.au/biosecurity/australia/biosecurity-reform/reform-biosecurity-system (accessed 29 May 2017).

[22]      Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Intergovernmental Agreement on Biosecurity, http://www.agriculture.gov.au/biosecurity/partnerships/nbc/intergovernmental-agreement-on-biosecurity (accessed 29 May 2017).

[23]      Biosecurity Emergency Preparedness Working Group, Biosecurity Emergency Management (V1.0), Biosecurity Incident Management System, 2012, p. 7, http://www.agriculture.gov.au/
SiteCollectionDocuments/animal-plant/pihc/bepwg/biosecurity-emergency-management-biosecurity-incident-management-system.pdf (accessed 30 May 2017).

[24]      Department of Agriculture Fisheries and Forestry, Australian Aquatic Animal Diseases Veterinary Emergency Plan – AQUAVETPLAN 2001, Management Manual, 2001, p. 13. http://www.agriculture.gov.au/SiteCollectionDocuments/animal-plant/aquatic/aquavetplan
/control.pdf (accessed 6 June 2017).

[25]      Biosecurity Emergency Preparedness Working Group, Biosecurity Emergency Management (V1.0), Biosecurity Incident Management System, 2012, p. 7.

[26]      Department of Agriculture, Australian Aquatic Veterinary Emergency Plan. Disease Strategy. White spot disease, Version 2, 2013, p. 4, http://www.agriculture.gov.au/SiteCollectionDocuments/animal-plant/aquatic/aquavetplan/
white-spot.pdf (accessed 29 May 2017).

[27]      Department of Agriculture, Australian Aquatic Veterinary Emergency Plan. Disease Strategy. White spot disease, Version 2, 2013, p. 46.

[28]      Department of Agriculture, Australian Aquatic Veterinary Emergency Plan. Disease Strategy. White spot disease, Version 2, 2013, p. 29.

[29]      Department of Agriculture, Australian Aquatic Veterinary Emergency Plan. Disease Strategy. White spot disease, Version 2, 2013, p. 46.

[30]      Department of Agriculture, Australian Aquatic Veterinary Emergency Plan. Disease Strategy. White spot disease, Version 2, 2013, p. 47.

[31]      Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Submission 9, p. 42. The AqCCEAD or Aquatic CCEAD is a national committee comprising state and territory directors of fisheries or CVOs together with DAWR and CSIRO representatives and industry bodies. It is chaired by the Australian Chief Veterinary Officer.

[32]      Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Interim Report into the cause of white spot syndrome virus outbreak in the Logan River area of Queensland – December 2016, 2017, p. 8.

[33]      Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Submission 9, p. 43.

[34]      Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Submission 9, p. 43.

[35]      Mr Daryl Quinlivan, Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Estimates Hansard, 28 February 2017, p. 29.

[36]      The Hon Bill Byrne MP, Minister for Agriculture and Fisheries and Minister for Rural Economic Development (Queensland), 'Australian and Queensland governments working together to respond to white spot outbreak', Media statement, 17 February 2017, http://statements.qld.gov.au/Statement/2017/2/17/australian-and-queensland-governments-working-together-to-respond-to-white-spot-outbreak (accessed 24 May 2017).

[37]      The Hon Bill Byrne MP, Minister for Agriculture and Fisheries and Minister for Rural Economic Development (Queensland), 'Australian and Queensland governments working together to respond to white spot outbreak', Media statement, 17 February 2017.

[38]      The Hon Bill Byrne MP, Minister for Agriculture and Fisheries and Minister for Rural Economic Development, 'Queenslanders deserve better from Commonwealth on white spot', Media Statement, 5 May 2017, http://statements.qld.gov.au/Statement/2017/5/5/queenslanders-deserve-better-from-commonwealth-on-white-spot (accessed 31 May 2017).

[39]      The Hon Bill Byrne MP, Minister for Agriculture and Fisheries and Minister for Rural Economic Development, 'Queenslanders deserve better from Commonwealth on white spot', Media statement, 5 May 2017.

[40]      The Hon Barnaby Joyce MP, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Agriculture and Water Resources, 'Emergency assistance for prawn disease response', Media release, 26 January 2017.

[41]      Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Submission 9, p. 43.

[42]      The Hon Barnaby Joyce MP, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Agriculture and Water Resources, 'Coalition Government delivers $20 million to assist prawn farmers', Media release, 5 May 2017, http://minister.agriculture.gov.au/joyce/Pages/Media-Releases/Coalition-Government-delivers-$20-million-to-assist-prawn-farmers.aspx (accessed 30 May 2017).

Chapter 3 - Prawn imports into Australia

[1]        Biosecurity Act 2015, s. 5. While the ALOP is a broad objective, SPS measures are established to meet that objective.

[2]        Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Appropriate Level of Protection, 20 June 2016, http://www.agriculture.gov.au/biosecurity/risk-analysis/conducting/appropriate-level-of-protection (accessed 2 May 2017).

[3]        Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Australia's international biosecurity obligations, 20 June 2016, http://www.agriculture.gov.au/biosecurity/risk-analysis/conducting/international-obligations (accessed 4 May 2017).

[4]        Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Appropriate Level of Protection, 20 June 2016.

[5]        World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), Aquatic Animal Health Code, June 2016, http://www.oie.int/en/international-standard-setting/aquatic-code/ (accessed 4 May 2017).

[6]        It was argued that a number of Vietnamese exporters were at risk of bankruptcy as a result of the suspension. Marty McCarthy, 'Vietnamese Government says Australia's prawn import ban is 'causing serious damage' to its producers', ABC Rural News, 10 March 2017, http://www.abc.net.au/news/rural/2017-03-10/vietnam-frustrated-australia-prawn-import-ban/8344002 (accessed 11 May 2017).

[7]        Marty McCarthy, 'Vietnamese Government says Australia's prawn import ban is 'causing serious damage' to its producers', ABC Rural News, 10 March 2017.

[8]        Biosecurity Australia, Generic Import Risk Analysis Report for Prawns and Prawn Products, October 2009, p. 119.

[9]        Biosecurity Australia, Generic Import Risk Analysis Report for Prawns and Prawn Products, October 2009, pp. 11-12.

[10]      Biosecurity Australia, Generic Import Risk Analysis Report for Prawns and Prawn Products, October 2009, p. 112.

[11]      Mr Tim Chapman, Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Committee Hansard, 28 March 2017, p. 6.

[12]      Biosecurity Australia, Generic Import Risk Analysis Report for Prawns and Prawn Products, October 2009, pp. 190, 263.

[13]      Biosecurity Australia, Generic Import Risk Analysis Report for Prawns and Prawn Products, October 2009, p. 191.

[14]      Biosecurity Australia, Generic Import Risk Analysis Report for Prawns and Prawn Products, October 2009, pp. 190-191.

[15]      Biosecurity Australia, Generic Import Risk Analysis Report for Prawns and Prawn Products, October 2009, pp. 190-191.

[16]      Biosecurity Australia, Generic Import Risk Analysis Report for Prawns and Prawn Products, October 2009, pp. 182, 192.

[17]      Biosecurity Australia, Generic Import Risk Analysis Report for Prawns and Prawn Products, October 2009, p. 191.

[18]      Biosecurity Australia, Generic Import Risk Analysis Report for Prawns and Prawn Products, October 2009, p. 181.

[19]      Mr Wayne Terpstra, Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Estimates Hansard, 28 February 2017, pp. 145-146.

[20]      Mr Wayne Terpstra, Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Estimates Hansard, 28 February 2017, p. 146.

[21]      The Biosecurity (Suspended Goods – Uncooked Prawns) Determination 2017 noted that the use of imported uncooked prawns as bait in recreational fishing carries a 'likelihood of infecting crustaceans, including farmed prawns, in Australian river systems'. See further Compilation 1 of the Determination, dated 6 February 2017, https://www.legislation.gov.au/Series/F2017
L00034

[22]      Mr Tim Chapman, Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Estimates Hansard, 28 February 2017, p. 142.

[23]      Ms Lyn O'Connell, Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Estimates Hansard, 28 February 2017, p. 120.

[24]      Mr Tim Chapman, Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Estimates Hansard 28 February 2017, p. 142.

[25]      Mr Tim Chapman, Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Estimates Hansard 28 February 2017, p. 142.

[26]      Biosecurity (Suspended Goods – Uncooked Prawns) Determination 2017 (No 1).

[27]      At this time, only New Caledonia is recognised by Australia as being free from WSSV.

[28]      Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, 02-2017 – Suspension of uncooked prawns and uncooked prawn meat imports, 7 January 2017, http://www.agriculture.gov.au/import/
industry-advice/2017/02-2017 (accessed 21 March 2017).

[29]      Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, 02-2017 – Suspension of uncooked prawns and uncooked prawn meat imports, 7 January 2017.

[30]      Ms Raelene Vivian, Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Committee Hansard, 28 March 2017, p. 2.

[31]      Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Department's action on imported prawns – update April 2017, 20 April 2017, http://www.agriculture.gov.au/about/media-centre/media-releases/dept-action-white-spot-april (accessed 1 May 2017).

[32]      Ms Raelene Vivian and Ms Lyn O'Connell, Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Committee Hansard, 28 March 2017, p. 10.

[33]      Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Weekly Imported Prawn Suspension Update, 5 May 2017.

[34]      Biosecurity (Suspended Goods – Uncooked Prawns) Determination 2017, p. 2.

[35]      Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Department's action on imported prawns – update April 2017, 20 April 2017, http://www.agriculture.gov.au/about/media-centre/media-releases/dept-action-white-spot-april (accessed 1 May 2017).

[36]      Biosecurity (Suspended Goods – Uncooked Prawns) Amendment (Exceptions) Determination 2017, Schedule 1, s. 6; Biosecurity (Suspended Goods – Uncooked Prawns) Amendment (Exceptions) Determination 2017 (No. 2), Schedule 1, s. 6.

See also Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, 11-2017 – Update on temporary suspension of uncooked prawns and uncooked prawn products, 6 February 2017, http://www.
agriculture.gov.au/import/industry-advice/2017/11-2017 (accessed 22 March 2017); Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, 20-2017 – Update on temporary suspension of uncooked prawns and uncooked prawn products, 1 March 2017, http://www.agriculture.
gov.au/import/industry-advice/2017/20-2017 (accessed 22 March 2017).

[37]      Mr Tim Chapman, Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Committee Hansard, 28 March 2017, pp. 3-4.

[38]      Biosecurity (Suspended Goods – Uncooked Prawns) Amendment (Exceptions) Determination 2017 (No. 3), Schedule 1.

[39]      Explanatory Statement, Biosecurity (Suspended Goods – Uncooked Prawns) Amendment (Exceptions) Determination 2017 (No. 3), p. 1.

[40]      Biosecurity (Suspended Goods – Uncooked Prawns) Amendment (Exceptions) Determination 2017 (No. 3), Schedule 4.

[41]      Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Weekly Imported Prawn Suspension Update, 5 May 2017.

[42]      Biosecurity (Suspended Goods – Uncooked Prawns) Amendment (Exceptions) Determination 2017 (No. 4), s. 2.

[43]      Explanatory Statement, Biosecurity (Suspended Goods – Uncooked Prawns) Amendment (Exceptions) Determination 2017 (No. 4), p. 1.

[44]      Biosecurity (Suspended Goods – Uncooked Prawns) Amendment (Exceptions) Determination 2017 (No. 4), Schedule 2.

[45]      Biosecurity (Suspended Goods – Uncooked Prawns) Amendment (Exceptions) Determination 2017 (No. 4), Schedule 2.

[46]      Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Questions and answers – Import Related Questions, www.agriculture.gov.au/import/goods/uncooked-prawns/questions-and-answers (accessed 21 March 2017).

[47]      Ms Lyn O'Connell, Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Estimates Hansard, 28 February 2017, p. 120.

[48]      Hedley Thomas, 'Silence was 'to protect prawn virus probe'', The Australian, 11 February 2017, http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/state-politics/silence-was-to-protect-prawn-virus-probe/news-story/860ab119e63eaf3528f8a1383504a69c (accessed 22 March 2017).

[49]      Mr Tim Chapman, Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Estimates Hansard, 28 February 2017, p. 152.

[50]      Biosecurity Australia, Generic Import Risk Analysis Report for Prawns and Prawn Products, October 2009, p. 81.

[51]      Biosecurity Australia, Generic Import Risk Analysis Report for Prawns and Prawn Products, October 2009, p. 80.

[52]      Biosecurity Australia, Generic Import Risk Analysis Report for Prawns and Prawn Products, October 2009, p. 82.

[53]      Mr Tim Chapman, Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Estimates Hansard, 28 February 2017, p. 127.

[54]      Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Weekly Imported Prawn Suspension Update, 5 May 2017.

[55]      Mr Tim Chapman, Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Estimates Hansard, 28 February 2017, p. 126.

[56]      Ms Lyn O'Connell, Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Estimates Hansard, 28 February 2017, p. 119.

[57]      Ms Lyn O'Connell, Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Estimates Hansard, 28 February 2017, pp. 119-120.

[58]      Michael Wray, 'Prawn white spot outbreak: Probe finds prawns meant for human consumption being used as bait', The Courier-Mail, 12 January 2017, http://www.couriermail.com.au/news/
queensland/prawn-white-spot-outbreak-probe-finds-prawns-meant-for-human-consumption-being-used-as-bait/news-story/f7fe3e500ae6507ced36ace7934ba7ab (accessed 22 March 2017).

[59]      Michael Atkin, 'Importers 'swapping prawns' so white spot disease is not detected, Barnaby Joyce fears', ABC News, 17 January 2017, http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-01-17/importers-swapping-prawns-barnaby-joyce-fears/8185274 (accessed 11 May 2017).

[60]      Ms Raelene Vivian, Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Estimates Hansard, 28 February 2017, pp. 128, 132-133.

[61]      Ms Raelene Vivian, Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Estimates Hansard, 28 February 2017, p. 133.

[62]      Mr Tim Chapman, Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Committee Hansard, 28 March 2017, p. 8.

[63]      Ms Raelene Vivian, Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Estimates Hansard, 28 February 2017, pp. 136, 143.

[64]      Mr Wayne Terpstra, Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Committee Hansard, 28 March 2017, p. 11.

[65]      Ms Raelene Vivian, Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Estimates Hansard, 28 February 2017, p 131.

[66]      Mr Wayne Terpstra, Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Estimates Hansard, 28 February 2017, p. 143.

[67]      Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Media Statement, 'Department's action on imported prawns', 10 February 2017, http://www.agriculture.gov.au/about/media-centre/media-releases/dept-action-white-spot (accessed 23 March 2017).

[68]      Mr Wayne Terpstra, Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Estimates Hansard, 28 February 2017, pp. 144-145.

[69]      Ms Lyn O'Connell, Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Estimates Hansard, 24 May 2017, p. 27.

[70]      Mr Tim Chapman, Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Estimates Hansard, 24 May 2017, p. 29.

[71]      Ms Raelene Vivian, Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Estimates Hansard, 28 February 2017, p. 128.

[72]      Ms Raelene Vivian, Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Estimates Hansard, 28 February 2017, pp. 128-129.

[73]      Michael Atkin, 'Importers 'swapping prawns' so white spot disease is not detected, Barnaby Joyce fears', ABC News, 17 January 2017, http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-01-17/importers-swapping-prawns-barnaby-joyce-fears/8185274 (accessed 11 May 2017).

[74]      Daniel Mercer, 'Loophole exposes prawn industry to lethal virus', The West Australian, 10 May 2017, https://thewest.com.au/news/wa/loophole-exposes-prawn-industry-to-lethal-virus-ng-b88469113z (accessed 10 May 2017).

Chapter 4 - WSSV and testing of prawn imports

[1]        Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Submission 9, p. 12.

[2]        Biosecurity Australia, Generic Import Risk Analysis Report for Prawns and Prawn Products, October 2009, p. 181.

[3]        Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Submission 9, pp. 12-13.

[4]        Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Submission 9, pp. 12, 24.

[5]        Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Submission 9, p. 24.

[6]        Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Submission 9, p. 13.

[7]        Dr Robyn Martin, Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Committee Hansard, 28 March 2017, p. 5. 

[8]        Committee Hansard, 28 March 2017, p. 9. 

[9]        Mr Tim Chapman, Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Committee Hansard, 28 March 2017, pp. 4-5.

[10]      Dr Patrick Hone, Fisheries Research and Development Corporation, Committee Hansard, 28 February 2017, p. 35.

[11]      Biosecurity Australia, Generic Import Risk Analysis Report for Prawns and Prawn Products, October 2009, p. 191.

[12]      Mr Tim Chapman, Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Estimates Hansard, 28 February 2017, p. 126.

[13]      Dr Andrew Cupit, Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Estimates Hansard, 28 February 2017, pp. 153-154.

[14]      Mr Tim Chapman, Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Estimates Hansard, 28 February 2017, p. 148.

[15]      Estimates Hansard, 28 February 2017, p. 154.

[16]      Dr Robyn Martin, Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Estimates Hansard, 28 February 2017, pp. 122-123.

[17]      Ms Lyn O'Connell, Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Estimates Hansard, 28 February 2017, p. 120.

[18]      Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, answer to question taken on notice, 28 March 2017 (received 20 April 2017).

[19]      Ms Raelene Vivian, Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Committee Hansard, 28 March 2017, p. 3.

[20]      Hedley Thomas, 'Silence was 'to protect prawn virus probe'', The Australian, 11 February 2017, http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/state-politics/silence-was-to-protect-prawn-virus-probe/news-story/860ab119e63eaf3528f8a1383504a69c (accessed 22 March 2017).

[21]      Dr Andrew Cupit, Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Estimates Hansard, 28 February 2017, p. 154.

[22]      Estimates Hansard, 28 February 2017, p. 39.

[23]      Hedley Thomas, 'Devastating prawn virus outbreak reveals biosecurity 'failures'', The Australian, 9 February 2017, http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/health-science/devastating-prawn-virus-outbreak-reveals-biosecurity-failures/news-story/72916888e9ea7d570d6facf7b7ad6143 (accessed 22 March 2017).

[24]      Committee Hansard, 28 March 2017, pp. 6-7.

[25]      Mr Tim Chapman, Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Committee Hansard, 28 March 2017, p. 8.

[26]      Mr Wayne Terpstra, Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Estimates Hansard, 28 February 2017, p. 166.

[27]      Mr Tim Chapman and Dr Robyn Martin, Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Committee Hansard, 28 March 2017, p. 7.

[28]      Committee Hansard, 28 March 2017, pp. 6-7.

[29]      Dr Robyn Martin, Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Committee Hansard, 28 March 2017, p. 8.

[30]      Committee Hansard, 28 March 2017, p. 9.

[31]      Committee Hansard, 28 March 2017, p. 5.

[32]      Marty McCarthy, 'All imported raw prawns to be pulled for white spot testing; fears that prices will rise', ABC News, 20 February 2017.

[33]      Ms Raelene Vivian, Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Committee Hansard, 28 March 2017, p. 2.

[34]      Ms Raelene Vivian, Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Committee Hansard, 28 March 2017, p. 3.

[35]      Ms Lyn O'Connell, Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Committee Hansard, 28 March 2017, p. 10.

[36]      Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Department's action on imported prawns – update April 2017, 20 April 2017, http://www.agriculture.gov.au/about/media-centre/media-releases/dept-action-white-spot-april (accessed 1 May 2017).

[37]      Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Department's action on imported prawns – update April 2017, 20 April 2017, http://www.agriculture.gov.au/about/media-centre/media-releases/dept-action-white-spot-april (accessed 1 May 2017).

[38]      Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Weekly Imported Prawn Suspension Update, 5 May 2017.

Chapter 5 - Committee view and recommendations

[1]        Hedley Thomas, 'Silence was 'to protect prawn virus probe'', The Australian, 11 February 2017, http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/state-politics/silence-was-to-protect-prawn-virus-probe/news-story/860ab119e63eaf3528f8a1383504a69c (accessed 22 March 2017).

[2]        Hedley Thomas, 'Devastating prawn virus outbreak reveals biosecurity 'failures'',  The Australian, 9 February 2017, http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/health-science/devastating-prawn-virus-outbreak-reveals-biosecurity-failures/news-story/72916888e9ea7d570d6facf7b7ad6143 (accessed 22 March 2017).

[3]        DigsFish Services Pty Ltd, Submission 1, pp. 5-6.

[4]        Mr Wayne Terpstra, Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Committee Hansard, 28 March 2017, p. 11.

[5]        Mr Daryl Quinlivan, Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Committee Hansard, 28 March 2017, p. 8.

[6]        Mr Daryl Quinlivan, Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Estimates Hansard, 24 May 2017, p. 32.

[7]        Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Review of import conditions for prawns and prawn products, 16 May 2017, http://www.agriculture.gov.au/about/media-centre/media-releases/review-prawn-prawn-products (accessed 7 June 2017).